50-434: Bagelkhand or Baghelkhand is a proposed state and a mountain range in central India that covers the northeastern regions of Madhya Pradesh and a small area of southeastern Uttar Pradesh . Baghelkhand was known as Dahala in the 6th–12th century. The area got its current name after Vaghela Rajput kings in the 14th century, later it was absorbed state. The Bagelkhand Agency was a British political unit which managed
100-481: A classical language by the Government of India . It has been in use as an official language for over 1,400 years and has an unbroken and diverse literary tradition of over a thousand years. Telugu performing arts include the classical dance form Kuchipudi , as well as Perini Sivatandavam , and Burra Katha . The Telugu shadow puppetry tradition, Tholu Bommalata , dates back to the 3rd century BCE, and
150-490: A separate Nagaland state, resulting in clashes with the statehood granted on 1 December 1963. In 1966, protests erupted demanding a separate Mizo state which resulted in the bombing of Aizawl . The Punjabi Suba movement , which sought a separate Punjabi-speaking state, resulted in the Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966 , which created the state of Haryana and the union territory of Chandigarh with
200-579: A separate state from the administration of Indian union is punishable under secession law in India . Before independence , India was divided into British-administered provinces and nominally autonomous princely states , governed by the British administration. After Indian Independence in 1947, the provinces became part of the Indian Union and the princely states who acceded were absorbed into
250-476: A single union territory of Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu . There have been several demands in the past and the present for the creation of new states and union territories. Telugu people Telugu people ( Telugu : తెలుగువారు , romanized : Teluguvāru ), also called Āndhras , are an ethno-linguistic group who speak the Telugu language and are native to
300-688: A term referring to the land inhabited by Telugus, was first used during the 14th century CE. In 1323 the sultan of Delhi , Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq , sent a large army commanded by Ulugh Khan (later, as Muhammad bin Tughluq , the Delhi sultan) to conquer the Telugu region and lay siege to Warangal . The fall of the Kakatiya dynasty led to an era with competing influences from the Turkic kingdoms of Delhi and
350-520: A thousand years. The earliest Telugu literature dates to 11th century CE with Nannaya 's Andhra Mahabharatam . The language experienced a golden age under the patronage of the Vijayanagara king-poet Krishnadevaraya . Kuchipudi , originating from the eponymous village in Krishna district , is of the eight major Indian classical dances . It is a dance-drama performance, with its roots in
400-581: Is also called the Andhra School or Vengi School. Art historians regard the art of Amaravati as one of the three major styles or schools of ancient Indian art, the other two being the Mathura style, and the Gandharan style. Amaravati school flourished under the local Sada rulers, Satavahanas, and Andhra Ikshvakus till 325–340 CE. Amaravati Stupa is the most famous monument of this style, and it
450-647: Is also designated as a dialect of Hindi . Proposed states and union territories of India#Madhya Pradesh The constitutional power to create new states and union territories in India is solely reserved with the Parliament of India , which can do so by announcing new states/union territories, separating territory from an existing state or merging two or more states/union territories or parts of them. As of 2024 , there are 28 states and eight union territories in India. There have been demands to create several new states and union territories. However, demanding
500-631: Is predominantly spoken in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, though it is also the official language of several other states like Andaman and Nicobar , Tamil Nadu , Karnataka , Orissa and the cities of Kharagpur and Bellary . It is a part of the Dravidian language family, which is about 5,000 years old. Outside of the Telugu states , the largest number of Telugu speakers are found in Karnataka (3.7 million) and Tamil Nadu, making them
550-661: Is surrounded by the Indo-Gangetic plains in the north and east, Bundelkhand in the west and the Vindhya range in the south. Currently it divided between Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. It includes the Madhya Pradesh districts Rewa , Satna , Shahdol , Sidhi of Madhya Pradesh and Chitrakoot of Uttar Pradesh . The inhabitants of Bagelkhand are called Bagheli and they speak the Bagheli language which
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#1732779866966600-453: Is the ancestor of Wayang , the popular Indonesian art form that has been a staple of Indonesian tourism. Telugu cinema is the largest film industry in India in terms of box office as well as admissions. The industry has produced some of India's most expensive and highest-grossing films , influencing Indian popular culture well beyond Telugu-speaking regions. Speakers of Telugu refer to it as simply Telugu or Telugoo . Older forms of
650-861: Is used to construct Vimana —horizontal stepped tower. Most notable examples are the Thousand Pillar Temple in Hanamkonda , Ramappa Temple in Palampet, and Kota Gullu in Ghanpur . Ramappa Temple, also known as the Rudreswara temple, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Mulugu . Telugu cinema is the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office as well as admissions. The industry has produced some of India's most expensive and highest-grossing films of all time over
700-634: The Amaravati School of Art , is regarded as one of the three major styles of ancient Indian art and had a great influence on art in South India , Sri Lanka , and Southeast Asia . Mahayana , the predominant Buddhist tradition in China , Japan , and Korea and the largest Buddhist denomination in the world, was developed among Telugus in Andhra. Telugu is one of six languages designated as
750-690: The Bodoland and Karbiland in Assam which have resulted in violence. In June 2014, Telangana was separated from Andhra Pradesh as the 29th state of the union, following the Telangana movement . On 31 October 2019, the state of Jammu and Kashmir was split into two new union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh . On 26 January 2020, the Union Territory of Daman and Diu and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli were merged into
800-693: The Godavari river. Andhras and Kalingas supported the Kauravas during the Mahabharata war. Sahadeva defeated the kingdoms of Pandya, Andhra, Kalinga, Dravida, Odra and Chera while performing the Rajasuya Yajna . Buddhist references to Andhras are also found. Andhra was mentioned in the Sanskrit sources such as Aitareya Brahmana ( c. 800 BCE ). According to Aitareya Brahmana of
850-461: The Indian states of Andhra Pradesh , Telangana and Yanam district of Puducherry . They are the most populous of the four major Dravidian linguistic groups. Telugu is the fourth most spoken language in India and the 14th most spoken native language in the world. A significant number of Telugus also reside in the Indian states of Karnataka , Tamil Nadu , Orissa , Maharashtra . Members of
900-471: The Pallava dynasty extended their rule across southern Andhra Pradesh and Tamilakam and established their capital at Kanchipuram . Their power increased during the reigns of Mahendravarman I (571–630) and Narasimhavarman I (630–668). The Pallavas dominated the southern Telugu-speaking region and northern Tamilakam until the end of the ninth century. Later, various dynasties have ruled the area, including
950-574: The Rigveda , the Andhras left North India from the banks of river Yamuna and migrated to South India . They were also mentioned in the Mahabharata and Buddhist Jataka tales . In the seventh century BCE, Asmaka was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas . Andhras were mentioned by Megasthenes in his Indica ( c. 310 BCE ) as being second only to Mauryans in military strength in
1000-504: The Rigveda . In the Mahabharata , the infantry of Satyaki was composed of a tribe called the Andhras, known for their long hair, tall stature, sweet language, and mighty prowess. They were also mentioned in the Buddhist Jataka tales . Megasthenes reported in his Indica ( c. 310 BCE ) that the Andhras, living in the Godavari and Krishna river deltas , were famous for their formidable military strength, which
1050-651: The Roman Empire . The kingdom reached its zenith under Gautamiputra Satakarni . Their capital city, Amaravati was the most prosperous city in India in 2nd century CE. At the end of the Satavahana rule, the Telugu region was divided into Kingdoms ruled by lords. In the late second century CE, the Andhra Ikshvakus ruled the eastern region along the Krishna River. During the fourth century,
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#17327798669661100-467: The Salankayanas , Cholas , Vishnukundinas and Eastern Chalukyas . Between 1163 and 1323 the Kakatiya dynasty emerged, bringing the distinct upland and lowland cultures of Telugu lands, which brought into being a feeling of cultural affinity between those who spoke the Telugu language . Kakatiya era also saw the development of a distinct style of architecture which improved and innovated upon
1150-596: The Telugu diaspora are spread across countries like United States , Australia , Malaysia , Mauritius , UAE and others. Telugu is the fastest-growing language in the United States. It is also a protected language in South Africa . Andhra is an ethnonym used for Telugu people since antiquity. The earliest mention of the Andhras occurs in Aitareya Brahmana ( c. 800 BCE ) of
1200-495: The 13th century, Kakatiyas unified various Telugu-speaking areas under one realm. Later, Telugu culture and literature flourished and reached its zenith during the late Vijayanagara Empire . After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, various Telugu rulers called Nayakas established independent kingdoms across South India serving the same function as Rajput warriors clans of northern India. Kandyan Nayaks ,
1250-739: The Persio-Tajik sultanate of central India. The struggle for Andhra ended with the victory of the Musunuri Nayaks over the Turkic Delhi Sultanate . The Telugus achieved independence under Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646). The Qutb Shahi dynasty of the Bahmani Sultanate succeeded that empire. The Qutub Shahis were tolerant of Telugu culture from the early 16th to
1300-608: The Union. In 1950, after the adoption of the Constitution of India , these became part of the Republic of India with the constitution classifying the states into four categories. During the 1950–1956 period, small changes were made to state boundaries with Bilaspur merging with Himachal Pradesh on 1 July 1954 and Chandernagore , a former enclave of French India incorporated into West Bengal in 1955. In 1953, Andhra state
1350-416: The ancient Hindu Sanskrit text of Natya Shastra . It developed as a religious art linked to traveling bards, temples and spiritual beliefs, like all major classical dances of India. Other Telugu performing arts include: Amaravati School of Art is an ancient Indian art style that evolved in the region of Amaravati (then known as Dhānyakaṭaka) from 2nd century BCE to the end of the 3rd century CE. It
1400-673: The end of the 17th centuries. The arrival of Europeans (the French under the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau and the English under Robert Clive ) altered polity of the region. In 1765, Clive and the chief and council at Visakhapatnam obtained the Northern Circars from Mughal emperor Shah Alam . The British achieved supremacy when they defeated Maharaja Vijaya Rama Gajapati Raju of Vizianagaram in 1792. Andhra's modern foundation
1450-550: The entire Indian subcontinent . They had 30 fortified towns along the Godavari River and an army of 1,00,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 1,000 elephants. They are mentioned at the time of the death of the great Mauryan King Ashoka in 232 BCE. The first major Andhra polity was the Satavahana dynasty (2nd century BCE–2nd century CE) which ruled over the entire Deccan plateau and established trade relations with
1500-453: The epic Mahabharata . It was a southern kingdom, currently identified as Indian state of Andhra Pradesh where it got its name from. Andhra communities are also mentioned in the Vayu and Matsya Purana. In the Mahabharata the infantry of Satyaki was composed by a tribe called Andhras , known for their long hair, tall stature, sweet language, and mighty prowess. They lived along the banks of
1550-449: The existing modes. Most notable examples are the Thousand Pillar Temple in Hanamkonda , Ramappa Temple in Palampet, Warangal Fort , Golconda Fort and Kota Gullu in Ghanpur . During this period, the Telugu language emerged as a literary medium with the writings of Nannaya, Tikkana , Eranna , Pothana etc. are the translators and poets of the great Hindu epics like Ramayana , Mahabharatha , Bhagavatha etc. Telingana,
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1600-716: The first Indian state formed primarily on a linguistic basis, was carved from the Madras Presidency in 1953. Although the Muslim Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to retain independence from India, he was forced to cede his kingdom to the Dominion of India in 1948 to form Hyderabad State . In 1956, Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking portion of Hyderabad State (the Telangana region) to create
1650-514: The last dynasty to rule Sri Lanka were of Telugu descent. In this era, Telugu became the language of high culture throughout South India . Vijaya Ramaswamy compared it to the overwhelming dominance of French as the cultural language of modern Europe during roughly the same era. Telugu also predominates in the evolution of Carnatic music , one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music . The architecture developed by Andhras in Krishna river valley in early first centuries CE , called
1700-405: The later Sanskritisation of it. If so the derivation itself must have been quite ancient because Triglyphum , Trilingum and Modogalingam are attested in ancient Greek sources, the last of which can be interpreted as a Telugu rendition of " Trilinga ". Andhra is an ethnonym used for Telugu people since antiquity. As per Iravatham Mahadevan , non-Aryan people living beyond the borders of
1750-1088: The liberal use of spices in Andhra cuisine. Rice is the staple in Telugu culture along with Ragi (రాగి) which is popular in Rayalaseema and Palnadu regions. Telugu is a South-Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where it is also the official language. The oldest inscriptions with Telugu words date to 400 BCE found at Bhattiprolu in Guntur district . Other early inscriptions with more refined language were found in Kantamanenivarigudem, Guntupalli in West Godavari district and Gummadidurru and Ghantasala in Krishna district . The earliest inscription completely written in Telugu dates to 575 CE were found at Kalamalla village in Kadapa district. Telugu has an unbroken and diverse literary tradition of over
1800-623: The name include Teluṅgu and Tenuṅgu . Tenugu is derived from the Proto-Dravidian word *ten ("south") to mean "the people who lived in the south/southern direction". The name Telugu , then, is a result of an "n" to "l" alternation established in Telugu. P. Chenchiah and Bhujanga Rao note that Atharvana Acharya in the 13th century wrote a grammar of Telugu, calling it the Trilinga Shabdānushāsana (or Trilinga Grammar) . However, most scholars note that Atharvana's grammar
1850-521: The northern exclaves of Daman and Diu becoming a separate union territory. The Gorkhaland movement during 1986–88, demanding a separate state resulted in violtent clashes, encounters and arrests. In 2000, three new states were created: Chhattisgarh from Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal from Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand from Bihar. In 2006, Pondicherry was renamed as Puducherry and Uttaranchal became Uttarakhand followed by Orissa being renamed as Odisha in 2011. There have been other movements such as
1900-465: The prototype of images in different Buddhist countries was standardised here. The Amaravati style of Buddha image retained its popularity in Sri Lanka till the 12th century. Kakatiya era also saw the development of a distinct style of architecture which improved and innovated upon the existing modes. It is a fusion of Dravidian architecture and Nagara Bhumija styles in which sandbox technology
1950-467: The region inhabited by the Indo-Aryan speakers were known as the Andhras. Mahadevan notes that since most Dravidian -speaking men had names ending with the suffIx -(a)nṟ , the Dravidian etymon -(a)nṟ was borrowed as a loanword into Indo-Aryan as andha and later as āndhra to denote the name of the neighbouring Dravidian-speaking people. Andhra ( Telugu : ఆంధ్ర ) was a kingdom mentioned in
2000-508: The relations of the British with a number of autonomous princely states existing outside British India , namely Rewa and 11 minor states, of which the most prominent were Maihar , Nagod and Sohawal . Other principalities included Jaso , Kothi , Baraundha (aka Patharkachhar ) as well as the Kalinjar Chaubes , consisting of the princely estates of Paldeo , Kamta-Rajaula , Tarauwhan , Pahra and Bhaisaunda . Bagelkhand
2050-553: The second largest language groups in those neighbouring states. In Karnataka, Telugu people are predominantly found in the border districts with majority in Bengaluru and Bellary city. In Maharashtra , the Telugu population is over 1.4 million, followed by 0.7 million in Orissa . Other states with significant populations include West Bengal , Chhattisgarh and Gujarat with 200,000, 150,000 and 100,000 respectively. Members of
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2100-539: The state of Andhra Pradesh . The Lok Sabha approved the formation of Telangana from ten northwestern districts of Andhra Pradesh on 18 February 2014. Different regions of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana all produce distinctive variations of Telugu cuisine. Telugu cuisine is generally known for its tangy, hot, and spicy taste. Andhra Pradesh is the leading producer of red chili and rice in India. The concentration of red chili production in Andhra Pradesh has led to
2150-644: The transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh. Madras state was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1969. Himachal Pradesh was elevated to statehood in 1970. The north-eastern states of Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were established in January 1972. Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. The Kingdom of Sikkim joined the Indian Union as a state on 26 April 1975. In February 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram were established as new states. In May 1987, Goa achieved statehood with
2200-493: The years. Important festivals celebrated by Telugu people include: The Telugu people are subdivided into several castes and communities such as the Yadav , Telugu Brahmin , Komati , Reddy , Raju , Kamma , Kapu , Telaga , Balija , Velama , Boya , Devanga , Padmasali , Bhatraju , Goud , Mala , Madiga , Jangam , Kuruba , Relli , and Vaddera . Telugu is the third most common language in India, after Bengali. Telugu
2250-696: Was for some time "the greatest monument in Buddhist Asia", and "the jewel in the crown of early Indian art". Apart from Amaravati, the style is also found in Nagarjunakonda and Chandavaram Buddhist site . Largely because of the maritime trading links of the East Indian coast, the Amaravati school of sculpture had great influence on art in South India , Sri Lanka , and South-East Asia . Buddha image in sculptures which later on became
2300-555: Was laid in the struggle for Indian independence. India became independent from the United Kingdom in 1947. Potti Sreeramulu 's campaign for a state independent of the Madras Presidency and Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu and Kandukuri Veeresalingam 's social-reform movements led to the formation of Andhra State , with Kurnool as its capital and freedom-fighter Prakasam Pantulu as its first chief minister. Andhra,
2350-540: Was second only to that of the Maurya Empire in the entire Indian subcontinent . The first major Andhra polity was the Satavahana dynasty (2nd century BCE–2nd century CE) which ruled over the entire Deccan plateau and even distant areas of western and central India. They established trade relations with the Roman Empire and their capital city, Amaravati was the most prosperous city in India in 2nd century CE. Inscriptions in Old Telugu script (Vengi script) were found as far away as Indonesia and Myanmar . In
2400-704: Was split from Madras state , following the death of Potti Sriramulu and the subsequent riots, demanding a separate state for the Telugus . In 1954, French enclaves of Pondichéry , Karikal , Yanaon and Mahé were transferred to India. In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act was passed, which re-organized the country into 14 states of Andhra Pradesh , Assam , Bihar , Bombay , Jammu and Kashmir , Kerala , Madhya Pradesh , Madras , Mysore , Orissa , Punjab , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh , West Bengal and six union territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Delhi , Manipur , Tripura , Himachal Pradesh , Laccadive, Minicoy & Amindivi Islands . Bombay state
2450-434: Was split into Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. Goa, Daman and Diu was established as a union territory, following the liberation of Goa from Portuguese in 1961. In 1961, during Bengali Language Movement , protests erupted demanding a separate Barak state . Pondicherry was established as a union territory. In 1963, Naga people of undivided Assam's Naga hills demanded for
2500-419: Was titled Atharvana Karikavali. Appa Kavi in the 17th century explicitly wrote that Telugu was derived from Trilinga . Scholar Charles P. Brown made a comment that it was a "strange notion" since the predecessors of Appa Kavi had no knowledge of such a derivation. George Abraham Grierson and other linguists doubt this derivation, holding rather that Telugu was the older term and Trilinga must be
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