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62-760: The Bahmani tombs complex at Bidar is the necropolis of the Bahmani dynasty , located in Bidar , in the Indian state of Karnataka . Built during the 15th and 16th centuries, the tombs are an example of a distinct Indo-Islamic style of architecture unique to the Deccan, drawing heavily from Persian architecture , with considerable Hindu influences. The Bahmani Sultanate ruled the Deccan region in South India between

124-502: A library of around 3,000 valuable manuscripts, was severely damaged when gunpowder stored inside the rooms went off during a 27-day siege of the city by Mughal king Aurangazeb in 1656. The Mahmud Gawan Madrasa is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India . Bidar Fort is considered one of the most formidable forts of the country. Bidar city was distinctly planned and built. The main citadel complex housed

186-524: A vale . The Karez System is built along a geological fracture . Such fractures are formed at the intersection of laterite and basalt rocks and form lineaments or springs that yield water. Bidar soils are deep (>100 cm), well-drained gravelly red clayey soils developed on plateaus of laterites. They are slightly acid to neutral ( pH 6.6) in reaction with low cation exchange capacity . They are highly gravelly soils with gravel content (60 to 10%) that decrease with depth. The winter season

248-405: A few fragments of paint survive. Humayun Shah succeeded his father Ala-ud-din in 1458, and ruled until 1461. A large part of the tomb of Humayun Shah was destroyed by a lightning strike in the late 19th century. The distinctive features of the tomb include the unique shape of its arches, with a wide span and low imposts, and the trabeate style of niches, which is characteristic of Hindu temples in

310-762: A notable figure in the history of Bidar. Bidar remained under the Barid Shahi dynasty until conquest by the Bijapur Sultanate in 1619. Aurangzeb came to Bidar after his father, Padshah (emperor) Shah Jahan , appointed him the Prince of Deccan. He wrested the Bidar Fort from the Adil Shahis after a 21-day war in 1656. With this, Bidar became a part of the Mughal dynasty for the second time. Bidar

372-510: A robust and sustainable tourist industry.″ This grandiose madrasa was built by the prime-minister of the Bahmani empire, Mahmud Gawan in the late 15th century. Its only the most imposing building of the Bahmani period, but in its plan and in the general style of its architecture it is a unique monument of its kind in India. The Madrasa, a multi-disciplinary university he set up, which had

434-586: Is a quatrefoil . A simple trefoil shape in itself can be symbolic of the Trinity , while a trefoil combined with an equilateral triangle was also a moderately common symbol of the Christian Trinity during the late Middle Ages in some parts of Europe, similar to a barbed quatrefoil . Two forms of a trefoil combined with a triangle are shown below: A dove , which symbolizes the Holy Spirit ,

496-508: Is a military airbase cum Domestic Airport in Bidar, Karnataka , India . The city is home to an air force station . Star Air operates 3 days a week flight between Bidar (IXX) and Bangalore (BLR). Frequent KSRTC buses to Kalaburgi (Gulbarga), Hyderabad, Latur, Udgir, Nanded, Solapur. Also Volvo services to Bengaluru, Hubli, Belgavi, Davangere, Mumbai, Mangalore and Pune. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from this source, which

558-400: Is a prominent place on the archaeological map of India, it is well known for architectural, historical religious and rich heritage sites. Picturesquely perched on the Deccan plateau , the Bidar fort is more than 500 years old and still standing strong. According to the book "Bidar Heritage" published by the state Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage , of the 61 monuments listed by

620-484: Is also on his name. It was connected to Hyderabad by rail in the early 20th century. After India's independence, in 1956 all Kannada speaking areas were merged to form the Mysore State and Bidar became part of the new Mysore (now Karnataka) state. Ancient Karez System in the city have been recently discovered. The Karez ( Qanat ) is an underground network of aqueducts for water supply. The Bidar Karez, built in

682-405: Is arrested by the trappean bed, and a nursery of springs is formed whose natural level of effluence is the line of contact of the two strata along the base of the cliffs of the plateau. The water in course of time frets out for itself an orifice and macerates and loosens portions of its rocky channel till a rift is produced. The rift gradually dilates into a ravine , and the ravine expands into

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744-408: Is flanked by a pair of smaller arches on either side. A trefoil -patterned parapet rises above the walls. The facade of the tomb is covered in enamel tiles, most of which have been lost due to deterioration by the weather and vandalism. The tiles, Persian blue , green, and, yellow in colour, comprise calligraphic designs and floral motifs. The ceiling of the dome was originally painted, however, only

806-518: Is from November to middle of February. Bidar is one of the coldest cities (by southern standards) in Karnataka as the minimum temperature during winter nights regularly hovers around 11-12 during December, which is the coldest month with mean daily maximum temperature of 27.3 C and mean daily minimum of 13.4 C. From the middle of the February, both day and night temperatures begin to rise rapidly. May

868-481: Is in a state of decline. Increasing prices of materials, especially silver, and declining sales have meant that many of the hereditary artisans are no longer employed in the production of such ware. Bidar city has a large industrial area known as Kolhar industrial area. Bidar is symbolically described as City of Whispering Monuments . The mountaintop city that served as the capital of medieval Deccan, has 98 monuments of which four national monuments are protected by

930-507: Is in the public domain . Trefoil 'Trefoil' is a term in Gothic architecture given to the ornamental foliation or cusping introduced in the heads of window-lights, tracery , and panellings, in which the centre takes the form of a three-lobed leaf (formed from three partially overlapping circles). One of the earliest examples is in the plate tracery at Winchester Cathedral (1222–1235). The fourfold version of an architectural trefoil

992-457: Is preset there having old armor, old sculptures. including many of the ancient stones, Apart from the fort Bidar houses several historical structures consisting of a couple of tomb complexes, a madrasa, a tower and a few gateways along with the fortification wall topped with battlements. Gurudwara Nanak Jhira Saheb is known to be one of Holiest Place For Sikh Devotees in India and is believed that first Sikh Guru Shri Guru Nanak Dev ji visited

1054-464: Is situated at the south-western face of the Chaukhandi. It is not known who was buried here. To the south-west of Kalim-ullah's tomb is a mosque, which was used to perform funerary prayers before interment. It is a small building with three arched openings. Another, smaller mosque is located between the tombs of Ahmad Shah and Ala-ud-din. Other structures within the complex include a well, which

1116-421: Is slightly larger, and is crowned with a cylindrical pinnacle. The tomb of Shah Rukh Khan is located to the north of Mahmud Shah's tomb. Historians believe he was a scion of the Bahmani dynasty, as only royal family members are buried here. The Ayat Al-Kursi is inscribed over the eastern doorway. There are two graves within the tomb. The Chaukhandi is situated about a kilometer west of the main necropolis. It

1178-495: Is sometimes depicted within the outlined form of the trefoil combined with a triangle. In architecture and archaeology, a 'trefoil' describes a layout or floor plan consisting of three apses in clover-leaf shape, as for example in the Megalithic temples of Malta . Particularly in church architecture, such a layout may be called a "triconchos". The heraldic 'trefoil' is a stylized clover . It should not be confused with

1240-647: Is the Union government's choice for souvenirs at the World Economic Forum in Davos . The Kingfisher company owner Vijay Mallya has a bidri dining table with floral designs made of nearly 3.5 kg silver. Bidar has connectivity with Bangalore , Hyderabad , Sainagar Shirdi , Parbhani Jn, Aurangabad , Latur , Nanded , Manmad , Mumbai , Visakhapatnam , Machilipatnam , Vijayawada and Renigunta (according to railway budget 2014–15) Construction of

1302-414: Is the hottest month with mean daily maximum temperature of 38.8 C and mean daily minimum of 25.9 C. With the withdrawal of southwest monsoon in the first week of October, there is slight increase in day temperature but night temperature decreases steadily. After October, both day and night temperatures decreases progressively. The highest maximum temperature recorded at Bidar was on 8-5-1931(43.3-degree C) and

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1364-408: Is the tomb of Khalil-ullah Kirmani, a Sufi saint and spiritual advisor to Ahmad Shah. It is a double-storied octagonal structure, and is similar in style to the tomb of Ala-ud-din. It was decorated with encaustic tiles, of which only a few remain. In later times, several vaults were built for the graves of Khalil-ullah's descendants, one of which is attached to the Chaukhandi. A small domed sepulchre

1426-461: Is through the southern side, and the interior of the western wall is in the form of a mihrab . Muhammad Shah III Lashkari succeeded his brother, and ruled for nineteen years until his death in 1482. His tomb is also incomplete, and of a similar design to the tomb of Nizam Shah. There are three graves within the enclosure, the middle one of which is the grave of Muhammad Shah III. Mahmud Shah II ruled between 1482 and 1518, and probably constructed

1488-479: Is used for advanced jet training of prospective fighter pilots on BAe Hawk aircraft. Bidar city is known for its Bidri handicraft products, and its rich history. Bidar is also considered one of the holiest place for Sikh pilgrimage. Unlike other places in the region, Bidar is the coldest and wettest place in north Karnataka. For the year 2009–10, Bidar was ranked 22nd among the cleanest cities in India, and 5th cleanest in Karnataka. SH4 passes through Bidar and

1550-446: Is venerated as a dargah by Muslims as well as Hindus of the lingayat sect, who take part in the Urs (death anniversary observance) of Ahmad Shah every year. To the east of Ahmad Shah's mausoleum is a tomb assigned to his wife. The tomb is of a similar style as Ahmad Sha's tomb, but smaller in size. There is no inscription within the tomb. There are five graves within the hall, of which

1612-637: The Archaeological Survey of India and 14 by the State Archaeology Department, Karnataka. Bidar earned a place on the World Monument Watchlist 2014. Of the 741 proposals received from 166 countries, 67 sites from 41 countries were finally selected which were announced by WMF president Bonnie Burnham in New York on 8 October 2013. Along with "the historic city of Bidar", two other sites in India to figure in

1674-423: The Barid Shahi tombs complex. The architectural style is a regional variant of Indo-Islamic architecture unique to the Deccan, with considerable Persian influences such as the use of encaustic tiles, as well as influences from Hindu temple architecture. The Bahmani rulers generally employed Persian architects who would design the main featured of the buildings, while Hindu masons and craftsmen would supervise

1736-516: The 14th and 16th centuries. The sultans and members of the ruling family were buried in elaborate tombs built in a unique Indo-Islamic style of architecture. The tombs of earlier rulers are found in the Haft Gumbaz complex at Gulbarga , which was the capital of the sultanate. In 1432, Ahmad Shah I Wali shifted the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar, and consequently, the later sultans are buried here. The tombs were erected from 1436 to 1535, with

1798-425: The 15th century, is more than 3 km (1.9 mi) long with 21 air vents. Underground canals, built to connect underground water streams, were meant to provide drinking water to civilian settlements and the garrison inside the Bidar fort. This was necessary in a city where the soil was rocky and drilling wells was difficult. The Bidar karez systems, believed to be the earliest ones in India, were constructed during

1860-638: The 2011 Republic Day Parade at Rajpath in New Delhi featured Bidriware and Bidri artisans from Bidar. Rehaman Patel did an extensive research in Bidri Art from Gulbarga University. His book in Kannada version (2012) and English version (2017) also published on Bidri Art. All the dignitaries & guests of XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 were presented with mementos hand crafted in Bidri art . This art form

1922-426: The Bahmani period. According to Gulam Yazdani 's documentation, Bidar has three karez systems: Naubad, Shukla Theerth, and Jamna Mori. Among these, Shukla Theerth stands out as the longest karez system in Bidar. The origin well of this karez was found near Gornalli Kere, a historic embankment. Jamna Mori, on the other hand, primarily served as a distribution system within the old city, with numerous channels intersecting

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1984-462: The Deccan. The upper courses of the dome are made up of light spongy bricks, similar to those used in Kakatiya temples. Malika-i-Jahan (lit. Queen of the world) was the title of Humayun Shah's wife. Her tomb is situated to the south-west of her husband's tomb, and is smaller in dimensions. There are four graves within the vault and the second of these, which is in the middle of the hall is that of

2046-612: The Gulbarga-Bidar link is completed which was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Bidar-Hyderabad inter-city train service became operative in September 2012. A Bidar-Yeshwantpur (Daily) express train and Bidar-LTT Mumbai express train service has been started recently. Another train starting from Bidar through Latur to Mumbai started, which runs on Thursday, Saturday and Sunday. Bidar Airport , also known as Bidar Air Force Station , ( IATA : IXX , ICAO : VOBR )

2108-673: The area first by Allauddin Khilji , and later, Muhammed-bin-Tughluq took control of entire Deccan including Bidar. In the middle of the 14th century, the Sultan of Delhi's officers that were stationed in Deccan rebelled and this resulted in the establishment of Bahmanid Dynasty in 1347 A.D. at Gulbarga/Hasanabad (present Kalaburagi ). There was frequent warfare between the Bahmanids and the Vijaynagar Kingdom . The history of

2170-642: The city goes back to the third century B.C. when it was a part of the Mauryan Empire . After the Mauryas, Satavahanas , Kadamba and Chalukyas of Badami and later the Rashtrakutas reigned over Bidar territory. The Chalukyas of Kalyana and Kalachuris of Kalyanis also regained the area. For a short period after Kalyani Chalukyas the area of Bidar was under the rule of Seunas of Devagiri and Kakatiyas of Warangal . The Delhi Sultanate invaded

2232-512: The city streets. Restoration efforts began in 2014, focusing on the desilting and excavation of the Naubad Karez. In 2015, this initiative led to the discovery of 27 vertical shafts connected to the Karez. The rejuvenation of these systems has had a significant positive impact on Bidar, a city facing water scarcity . Additionally, in 2016, during a sewage line excavation, a seventh line of

2294-404: The construction and fill in the details. There are eight tombs of the Bahmani rulers, as well as tombs of other family members. The tombs are square structures surmounted by bulbous domes, built of black trap masonry laid in lime. Some of the tombs had elaborate external tile decoration, in the form of floral motifs, Islamic geometric patterns , and calligraphy. The inscriptions of the tomb reveal

2356-416: The department, about 30 are tombs located in and around Bidar city., explaining its nickname, "City of Whispering Monuments". The heritage sites in and around Bidar have become the major attraction for film shooting in recent years, with Bollywood making visits apart from Kannada film industry Bidar is home for the second biggest Indian Air Force training centre in the country. The IAF Station Bidar

2418-435: The distinctive trefoil design of the recycling symbol makes it easy for a consumer to notice and identify the packaging the symbol has been printed on as recyclable. Easily stenciled symbols are also favored. While the green trefoil is considered by many to be the symbol of Ireland, the harp has much greater officially recognized status. Therefore, shamrocks generally do not appear on Irish coins or postage stamps. A trefoil

2480-458: The economic livelihood of many of the city's residents, and it is hoped that revised, context-specific planning policies would both protect Bidar's historic assets while also supporting the future of its local population. It is hoped that Watch-listing will spur documentation and analysis of the city's conditions, followed by policy development and applied conservation interventions that will reveal and maintain Bidar's rich heritage, as well as support

2542-458: The figure named in French heraldry tiercefeuille ("threefoil"), which is a stylized flower with three petals, and differs from the heraldic trefoil in being not slipped. Symmetrical trefoils are particularly popular as warning and informational symbols. If a box containing hazardous material is moved around and shifted into different positions, it is still easy to recognize the symbol, while

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2604-483: The grave at the extreme left is considered that of the queen. Another tomb to the south is considered to be the mausoleum of his son. Either his son Mahmud Khan or Daud Khan or both, may be buried within as the hall contains eight graves. Alau-ud-din Shah succeeded his father Ahmad Shah in 1436, and probably built the tomb during his lifetime. The square mausoleum has lofty entrance arches on three sides. Each entrance arch

2666-539: The list were the house of Sheikh Salim Chisti in Fatehpur Sikri and Juna Mahal in Rajasthan . The WMF in its current watch site for "the historic city of Bidar" says ″challenges to the site include a lack of integrated conservation and maintenance, environmental pollution, and the construction of new developments and roadways that encroach on the historic fabric. Current land use regulations also threaten

2728-537: The lowest minimum was on 5-1-1901(2.9-degree C, the lowest temperature ever recorded in Karnataka). Present day Bidar covers an expanse of 5448 square kilometres of land and lies between 17°35' and 18°25' North latitudes and 76°42' and 77°39' east longitudes. At the time of the 2011 census, Bidar had a population of 216,020. Bidar city has a sex ratio of 938 females to males and a literacy rate of 85.90%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 14.11% and 4.73% of

2790-404: The name of the king, his date of accession, and date of death. Persian poetry and Quranic verses are also inscribed. Ahmad Shah I Wali was the first sultan to be buried within the complex. His tomb is of a square design with arches on each face, crowned with a bulbous dome, which resembles Lodi domes in terms of design. The exterior is further embellished by a parapet wall of arch-heads above

2852-573: The place during famine in this region. Bidriware, one of the rarest and most intricate art forms is now unique to the city. This native art form has obtained Geographical Indications (GI) registry. The various art forms created by artists from Bidar city centuries ago are now major attractions in museums such as Victoria and Albert Museum , London, the National Museum in New Delhi and Indian Museum in Kolkata. The Karnataka tableau at

2914-444: The population respectively. Languages of Bidar city (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 52.23% of the population spoke Kannada , 33.32% Urdu , 5.54% Marathi , 3.67% Hindi and 3.33% Telugu as their first language. Once a home to many cottage industries, such as cotton and oil-ginning mills, there are now few industries that draw on local raw materials or skills. Even the well known form of local articrafts, bidri ware ,

2976-409: The present fort at Bidar is attributed to the sultan Ahmed Shah Wali Bahmani , the sultan of the Bahmani dynasty till 1427, when he shifted his capital from Gulbarga to Bidar since it had better climatic conditions and was also a fertile and fruit-bearing land. The earliest recorded history of its existence as a small and strong fort is also traced to prince Ulugh Khan in 1322, whereafter it came under

3038-403: The queen. Nizam Shah ascended the throne at the age of eight, and ruled for two years between 1461 and 1463. His tomb was probably intended to be similar in size to the earlier tombs, given the thickness of the walls. It is thought to have been commissioned by his mother Malika-i-Jahan, and remained unfinished on account of her death. The square hall contains five arches on each face. The entrance

3100-583: The reign of the Tughlaq dynasty . With the establishment of the Bahmanid dynasty (1347), Bidar was occupied by Sultan Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah Bahmani. During the rule of Ahmad Shah I (1422–1486), Bidar was made the capital city of Bahmani Kingdom . The old fort was rebuilt and madrasas , mosques , palaces, and gardens were raised. Mahmud Gawan , who became the prime minister in 1466, was

3162-484: The royal places. Mahals and Mosque. Adjoining to this on the southern side, the city was built for the people. Both the citadel complex and city had separate forts for protection the plan of the Bidar city fortification is pentagonal. There are five gateways for entry into the city fort. It is main citadel complex fort which is stronger. It is built on the brink of the plateau. Engineers and architecture of various countries were employed on its design and construction. A Museum

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3224-595: The similarity in names Bidar and Vidarbha . This has been mentioned in Firishta's writings. The traditional tales reveal that Vidura lived here; hence the place was earlier called Viduranagara and also as the place where Nala and Damayanti (Daughter of Raja Bhima , the King of Vidharba) were meeting. Bidar under the rule of the Bahmani Sultanate was known as Muhammadabad. The recorded History of

3286-524: The south of Mahmud Shah's tomb. One of them has a conical dome with eight facets. These may be the burial sites of Ahmad Shah II (r. 1518–1520) and Ala-ud-Din II (r. 1520–1522), who were puppet kings under the prime minister Amir Barid . Wali-ullah (r. 1522–1525) and Kalim-ullah (r. 1525–2527) were the last Bahmani rulers, both ruling as puppet monarchs under prime minister Amir Barid. Their tombs are small square structures with conical domes. The tomb of Kalim-ullah

3348-626: The system was uncovered. Bidar is located at 17°54′N 77°30′E  /  17.9°N 77.5°E  / 17.9; 77.5 , lies at a central position in Deccan, a plateau at an elevation of 2300 ft from the sea level. It has common boundaries with Maharashtra and Telangana which is, with the districts of Nizamabad and Medak in Telangana on the East and the districts of Latur , Nanded and Osmanabad in Maharashtra on

3410-408: The tomb during his lifetime. His tomb is comparable to the earlier tombs in terms of size. However, neither is its exterior adorned with tiles, nor its interior decorated with frescoes. The only embellishment present is the parapet of arch-heads rising on top of the walls. Each face of the square tomb has a lofty arch in the middle, flanked by three-tiered smaller arches. Two sepulchres are situated to

3472-632: The tomb of Ahmad Shah being the first. The tombs of eight Bahmani sultans, as well as some queens and other family members, are located at the complex. The decline in size of the later tombs corresponds with the decline of the political influence of the Bahmanis. In 1527, the Bahmani Sultanate split into five successor states, known as the Deccan Sultanates . Bidar came under the rule of the Barid Shahi dynasty , who are buried in

3534-535: The tombs. The Archaeological Survey of India has listed the site as a monument of national importance . The complex, along with other sites in Bidar, Gulbarga, Bijapur, and Hyderabad is also listed on the tentative list of the World Heritage Sites . Bidar Bidar ( Kannada: [biːd̪əɾ] ) is a city and headquarters of the Bidar district in Karnataka state of India. Bidar

3596-537: The walls, and ornate turrets at the corners. Several levels of arched niches adorn the exterior. The interior of the tomb of Ahmad Shah is decorated with frescoes. The panels above the entrance arches contain religious texts in the Kufic script, and verses by Shah Nimatullah Wali in the Thuluth script. The ceiling is decorated with calligraphy of the names of Allah , Muhammad , Ali , and his descendants. The tomb

3658-418: The west. On the south lies the district Gulbarga of Karnataka . The upper crust of the plateau is of laterite , a soft porous rock with limonitic surface. This crust varies in depth from 100 ft (30 m) to 500 ft (150 m) and rests on a bed of trap, which is of much harder texture and less pervious to water. The volume of water filtered during the monsoons through the laterite stratum

3720-498: The whole city is integrated with 4 lane road. The name Bidar appears to be derived from ‘bidiru’, which means bamboo. It was also referred as Bhadrakot . Legend has associated Bidar with the ancient kingdom of Vidarbha , to which references are found in early Hindu literature like Malavikagnimitra , Mahabharata , the Harivamsa , Bhagavata , and a few other Puranas . Its association can be seen apparently on account of

3782-492: Was constructed much later in 1609, during the Barid Shahi period. The well contains inscriptions in Persian and Marathi. Towards the south of the Chaukhandi, there are several tombs built on a platform under a Neem tree. By the 20th century, the tombs had fallen into disrepair. The archeological department of Hyderabad State restored the tombs to some extent, and demolished houses which had been illegally constructed among

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3844-587: Was made a subah (imperial top-level province) in 1656, which Telangana Subah was merged into the next year. In 1724, Bidar became a part of the Asaf Jahi Kingdom of the Nizams . Third son of Asaf jah l ( Nizam l ) Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan, Salabat Jang ruled from Bidar fort from 1751 to 1762, till his brother Mir Nizam Ali Khan Asaf Jah III imprisoned him in this fort, and was killed in Bidar fort on 16 September 1763. Mohammedabad old name of Bidar

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