117-579: Quṭb al-Aqṭāb Khwāja Sayyid Muḥammad Bakhtiyār al-Ḥusaynī, Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī (born 1173 – died 1235) was a Sunni Muslim Sufi mystic, saint and scholar of the Chishti Order from Delhi , India . He was the disciple and the spiritual successor of Mu'in al-Din Chishti as head of the Chishti order. Before him the Chishti order in India was confined to Ajmer and Nagaur . He played
234-401: A majlis , a gathering, where he gave his discourses or fatwas. Directed at the common masses, these contained an emphasis on renunciation, having complete trust in one God, treating all human beings as equal and helping them as much as possible, etc. Whatever money was donated to him, he usually spent it on charity the same day. He was a great believer in helping the needy without heeding
351-610: A Hanafi Qazi from Madrassa Al Nizamiyya , originally from Halab (Aleppo) who travelled to India with Muhammad of Ghor after the Second Battle of Tarain . He was an eleventh generational descendant of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin through his son Abd Allah Al Bahr Al Ilm . Sharafuddin Maneri belongs to Banu Hashim family of Imam Taj Faqih. In Bihar, Sayyids were landlords, judges, barristers, intellectuals, civil servant, clerics, teachers, businessmen and farmers. Sufi Saint and
468-590: A branch of Naqvi Bukhari. Famous Pir Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna son of great warrior Syed Sadaruddin Shah Kabeer Naqvi (saint and also chief advisor) of Sikandar Lodi was also born in Kannauj and spent 66yrs of his life in kannauj later moved to Shah Jeewna . Makhdoom Jahaniya Mosque is still present in Shikana, Kannauj. Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan was also from Kannauj, he
585-623: A conflict by paying him tribute and accepting his suzerainty. Iltutmish accepted the offer, and returned to Delhi after appointing Malik Jani as the governor of Bihar. In 1226, Iltutmish captured the Ranthambore Fort, which was reputed to be impregnable. The next year, he captured the fort of Mandore , also in present-day Rajasthan . Meanwhile, in eastern India, Ghiyasuddin re-asserted his independence and occupied Bihar. In 1227, Iltutmish directed his son Nasiruddin Mahmud , who held
702-633: A constant watch over the house of the Imam...he sent some of these midwives to examine the slave girls of the Imam to determine if they were pregnant. If a woman was found pregnant she was detained and imprisoned.... Men belonging to the Sayyid families or tribes in the Arab world used to wear white or ivory coloured daggers like jambiyas , khanjars or shibriyas to demarcate their nobility amongst other Arab men, although this custom has been restricted due to
819-519: A king. Iltutmish also had the envoy killed, and sent troops to aid Qabacha against Jalal ad-Din . Minhaj , another Persian historian, states that Iltutmish himself led an army against Jalal ad-Din. Only the vanguards of the two armies clashed, and the two rulers withdrew after exchanging friendly messages. Meanwhile, Qabacha - who had earlier accepted Jalal ad-Din's suzerainty - rebelled against him, and this conflict kept Jalal ad-Din busy. Jalal-ad-Din carried out some more campaigns in India, including
936-544: A large Jagirdara consisting of 52 villages.Abdullapur named after Syed Mir Abdulla Naqvi Al Bukhari, he built Kot Fort of this place in the 16th century, it was his main residence. Bukhari of Abdullapur are fractionate into Kannauji Bukhari and Jalal Bukhari. Kannauji's are descendants of Jalaludin Haider through Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna or Shah Jewna son of warrior and chief advisor of Sikandar Lodi . Famous writer Syed Qudrat Naqvi Al Bukhari
1053-561: A large amount of wealth: Iltutmish's share (one-fifth) of the loot amounted to 2.5 million jitals . While Taisi was returning to Gwalior, the Yajvapala ruler Chahada-deva (called Jahar by Minhaj) ambushed him, but Taisi able to fend off the attack by dividing his army into three contingents. Subsequently, Iltutmish raided the Paramara -controlled cities of Bhilsa and Ujjain in 1234–35. Iltutmish's army occupied Bhilsa, and destroyed
1170-510: A major role in establishing the order securely in Delhi. His dargah located adjacent to Zafar Mahal in Mehrauli , and the oldest dargah in Delhi, is also the venue of his annual Urs festivities. The Urs was held in high regard by many rulers of Delhi like Iltutmish who built a nearby stepwell, Gandhak ki Baoli for him, Sher Shah Suri who built a grand gateway, Bahadur Shah I who built
1287-406: A message to Iltutmish, declaring that he was the real successor of Mu'izz ad-Din and thus, had claims to the former Ghurid territories in India. According to Isami 's Futuh-us-Salatin , Iltutmish replied that the days of such hereditary claims were over: You know that today the dominion of the world is enjoyed by the one who possesses the greatest strength. The principle of hereditary succession
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#17327651881191404-610: A nation, took this title to portray themselves as respected and honored, though they are not actually the descendants of Muhammad . This gives reasons to think that this title is founded later on. Morimoto refers to Mominov, who describes that the emergence of a community leader during the Mongol era ( Ilkhanate ) gave rise to the prominence of the title Sayyid. This leader is most probably the Sunni Shafiite scholar Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani , who lived in this time, being known as
1521-492: A non-Sayyid father and a Sayyida mother claims the title of Mirza . Although reliable statistics are unavailable, conservative estimates put the number of Sayyids in the tens of millions. Traditionally, Islam has had a rich history of the veneration of relics , especially of those attributed to Muhammad . The most genuine prophetic relics are believed to be those housed in the Hirkai Serif Odasi (Chamber of
1638-620: A place called Mansura, which was located on the banks of the Chenab River . Iltutmish then captured Lahore in the winter of 1216–1217, and appointed his son Nasiruddin Mahmud to govern it. Lahore remained contested in the subsequent years; for example, at the time of Khwarazmian invasion of the region (see below), it was under the control of Qabacha's son. Qabacha seems to have posed a serious threat to Iltutmish, as suggested by Muhammad Aufi in Lubab ul-Albab . Aufi, writing shortly before
1755-746: A privileged elite. When the Mughal Empire disintegrated, the Sayyid played an important role in the turbulent politics of the time. The new British colonial authorities that replaced the Mughals after the Battle of Buxar made a pragmatic decision to work with the various Sayyid jagirdars . Several Sayyid taluqdars in Awadh were substantial landowners under the British colonial regime, and many other Sayyid contributed to state administration. After
1872-763: A raid in Gujarat , but none against Iltutmish. He left the Indian frontier in 1223–1224; according to his biographer Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi , he did so because he received the news that Iltutmish, Qabacha, and several Hindu chiefs ("rais and thakurs") had formed an alliance against him. The Mongols also maintained a presence in the region: for example, Genghis Khan's general besieged Qabacha in Multan in 1224, before retreating because of hot weather. Until Genghis Khan's death in 1227, Iltutmish chose not to get involved in
1989-645: A rebellion in Bengal, captured Gwalior , raided the Paramara -controlled cities of Bhilsa and Ujjain in central India, and expelled Khwarazmian subordinates in the north-west. His officers also attacked and plundered the Chandela -controlled Kalinjar area. Iltutmish organized the administration of the Sultanate, laying the foundation for its dominance over northern India until the Mughal invasion. He introduced
2106-417: A robe of honour, and asked Aibak to treat him well. Minhaj states that Mu'izz ad-Din also ordered Iltutmish's deed of manumission to be drawn on this occasion, which would mean that Iltutmish - a slave of a slave until this point - was manumitted even before his own master Aibak had been manumitted. However, Iltutmish's manumission doesn't appear to have been well-publicized because Ibn Battuta states that at
2223-650: A saint credited with the honorific titles "Amir-e-Kabir"( English : Grand Prince ) and "Ali-e-Saani" ( English : Second Ali ). Hamadani's religious legacy in Kashmir as well as his headquarter ( Persian : Khanqah ) the Khanqa-e-Mola became under the control of the Grand Sayyid Hazrat Ishaan . Hazrat Ishaan's descendants are buried in Hamadani's headquarter, on which occasion it
2340-416: A sovereign Sultan. While Iltutmish was busy at the north-western frontier of his empire, Ghiyasuddin captured parts of present-day Bihar, and also extracted tribute from the smaller states of Jajnagar , Tirhut , Bang (in Bengal region), and Kamrup . Iltutmish's forces captured Bihar in the 1210s, and invaded Bengal in 1225. Ghiyasuddin led an army to check Iltutmish's advance, but then decided to avoid
2457-613: A specific descent, but as a meritocratic sign of respect. Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic defines seyyid as a translation for master, chief, sovereign, or lord. It also denotes someone respected and of high status. In the Arab world , sayyid is the equivalent of the English word " liege lord " or "master" when referring to a descendant of Muhammad, as for example in Sayyid Ali Sultan . The foundation of
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#17327651881192574-585: A state clergy. The Safavids offered them land and money in return for loyalty. These scholars taught Twelver Shiism, made it accessible to the population, and energetically encouraged conversion to Shiism. During the reign of Shah Abbas the Great , the Safavids also imported to Iran more Arab Shias, predominantly Sayyids , built religious institutions for them, including many Madrasas (religious schools), and successfully persuaded them to participate in
2691-579: A subordinate king - al-Malik al-Mu'azzam ("the great chief"), rather than as an imperial Sultan . Meanwhile, taking advantage of the succession conflict between Aram Shah and Iltutmish, Qabacha had captured Lahore in 1211. Shortly after this, a Khwarazmian invasion forced Yildiz to leave Ghazni. Yildiz migrated eastwards, displaced Qabacha from Lahore, and captured parts of the Punjab region. Iltutmish became concerned that Yildiz would ultimately try to occupy Delhi, and marched against him. Yildiz sent
2808-578: A temple whose construction - according to Minhaj - had taken three hundred years. At Ujjain, his forces damaged the Mahakaleshwar temple and obtained rich plunder, but made little effort to annex the Paramara territory. The jyotirlinga at the site was dismantled and believed to be thrown into a nearby 'Kotiteerth Kunda' (a pond neighboring the temple) with the Jaladhari (a structure supporting
2925-492: A three-month long siege, on 4 May 1228. Qabacha fled to Bhakkar , pursued by an army led by Iltutmish's wazir Nizam al-Mulk Junyadi. Finding himself in an unwinnable situation, Qabacha sent his son Malik Alauddin Bahram to Iltutmish, to negotiate a peace treaty. Iltutmish offered peace in exchange for Qabacha's unconditional surrender, but Qabacha preferred death to these terms, and committed suicide by drowning himself into
3042-480: A warrior Malik Ibrahim Bayu who conquered Bihar during the time of tughlaq is one the most famous personality in bihar. Bihar's first prime minister Mohammad Yunus Nobel prize nominee and Padma shri winner Syed Hassan , Political Scientist Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem was the Pro-Vice Chancellor of Aligarh University and Karachi University, The great Abdul Bari , Zaid Hamid Syed Zaid Zaman Hamid
3159-528: A young boy, Iltutmish was brought to Bukhara , where he was re-sold to the local Sadr-i Jahan (officer in charge of religious matters and endowments). There are several anecdotes about Iltutmish's childhood interest in religious mysticism. According to a story narrated by Iltutmish himself in Minhaj's book, once a family member of the Sadr-i Jahan gave him some money and asked him to bring some grapes from
3276-669: Is Sultan Saadat (Sodot) who died in Termez . His burial place is located in the main mausoleum Sultan Saodat memorial complex in Termez. According to other old genealogical sources Sayyid Ali was the second son of Sayyid Imam Muhammad al Askari who is considered the elder brother of imam Hasan al-Askari These Central Asian notable sayyid families have historical genealogical manuscripts that are confirmed with seals by many Naqibs, Muftis, Imams, Kadi Kuzzats, A’lams, Khans, and Emirs of those times. One descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar
3393-536: Is a Bukhari Naqvi Sayyed converted from Shi'a Islam to Sunni Islam in the early 1800s. There are different families of syeds in Bihar who belong to direct descendants of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain. Mostly there are Hussaini (Rizvi, Zaidi, Baqri) along with Hasani (Malik, Quadri or Geelani). Sadaat are settle in different part of bihar including shia and sunni sects. They are mostly migrated to bihar from Iraq and Iran. Syed Yaqub Halabi also known as Syed Yaqub Baghdadi,
3510-527: Is a Pakistani far-right, Islamist political commentator and was included in 500 most influential Muslims in world and Brigadier Malik Mokhtar Karim are few names from Malik Sadaat of Bihar. Iltutmish Shams ud-Din Iltutmish (1192 – 30 April 1236) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi , and
3627-531: Is an honorific title of Hasanids and Husaynids Muslims, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet's companion , Ali through his grandsons, Hasan and Husayn . A few Arabic language experts state that it has its roots in the word al-asad الأسد , meaning "lion", probably because of the qualities of valor and leadership. The word is derived from the verb sāda, meaning to rule. The title seyyid/sayyid existed before Islam, however not in light of
Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki - Misplaced Pages Continue
3744-466: Is disputed by many people. Some genealogies of Middle Eastern and Central Asian families (mostly from Persia), East Africa (mostly in Somaliland and Ethiopia), Khorasan, Samarqand, and Bukhara show that Hasan al-Askari had a second son called Sayyid Ali Akbar , which indicates that al-Askari had children and substantiates the existence of Muhammad al Mahdi . Whether in fact al-Askari did have children
3861-777: Is in the Zainageer Village of Sopore, Kashmir . Iraqi Sayyids or Iraqi biradri in Eastern Uttar Pradesh are descendants of Sayyid Masud Al Hussaini who was the direct descendant of Muhammad's grandson Hussain ibn Ali and came to India from Iraq during the reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1330 A.D. He settled with his seven sons and forty champions in Ghazipur (U.P.) as some of them (i.e., Syed Abu Bakr in Nonahra, Ghazipur) converted to Sunni Islam in
3978-604: Is known as the Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab today. However, in Sunni Islam as practiced in the Ottoman and Mughal Empire , a person descending from Muhammad (either maternally or paternally) can only claim the title of Sayyid meritocratically by passing audits , whereupon exclusive rights, like paying lesser taxes, will be granted. These are mostly based on the claimant's demonstrated knowledge of
4095-409: Is not extinct, [but] long ago destiny abolished this custom. Iltutmish offered to engage in a negotiation provided both men came to the meeting unaccompanied by any warriors. Yildiz refused the offer, resulting a battle at Tarain on 25 January 1216, which resulted in Iltutmish's victory. Isami states that Yildiz managed to escape to Hansi , while the earlier chronicler Hasan Nizami states that he
4212-735: Is still disputed, perhaps because of the political conflicts between the followers of the Imamah and the leadership of the Abbasids and Ghulat Shiites who do not believe in Hasan al-Askari's Imamah . Another group of historians studying the pedigrees of some Central Asian saints' shejere (genealogy trees) believe that the Twelfth Imam was not the only son of Hasan al-Askari, and that the Eleventh Imam had two sons: Sayyid Muhammad (i.e.,
4329-664: Is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate . Sold into slavery as a young boy, Iltutmish spent his early life in Bukhara and Ghazni under multiple masters. In the late 1190s, the Ghurid slave-commander Qutb ud-Din Aibak purchased him in Delhi, thus making him the slave of a slave. Iltutmish rose to prominence in Aibak's service, and was granted the important iqta' of Badaun . His military actions against
4446-676: The Abbasid Caliph Al-Nasir sent his Indian-born ambassador Radi al-Din Abu'l-Fada'il al-Hasan bin Muhammad al-Saghani to Delhi. The ambassador returned to the Abbasid capital Baghdad in 1227, during the reign of Al-Mustansir . In 1228, the new Caliph sent the ambassador back to Delhi with robes of honour, recognizing Iltutmish's authority in India and conferring on him the titles Yamin Khalifat Allah ("Right Hand of
4563-810: The Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh. They are considered to be the first Muslim settlers in North India. In 1033 Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud was killed at the battle of Bahraich , the location of his mazar . Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud had no children. His parental uncle Syed Maroofuddin Ghazi and his family lived in Tijara until 1857 before they migrated to Bhopal. Syed Ahmed Rizvi Kashmiri and Khan Bahadur Aga Syed Hussain were both Rizvi Sayyids through Aaqa Meer Sayyid Hussain Qomi Rizvi, whose sacred shrine
4680-1127: The Khokhar rebels in 1205–1206 gained attention of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor , who manumitted him even before his master Aibak was manumitted. After Muhammad of Ghor's assassination in 1206, Aibak became a practically independent ruler of the Ghurid territories in India, with his headquarters at Lahore . After Aibak's death, Iltutmish dethroned his unpopular successor Aram Shah in 1211, and set up his capital at Delhi . He then consolidated his rule by subjugating several dissidents, and fighting against other former Ghurid slaves, such as Taj al-Din Yildiz and Nasir ad-Din Qabacha . During 1225–1227, he subjugated Aibak's former subordinates who had carved out an independent kingdom headquartered at Lakhnauti in eastern India. He also asserted his authority over Ranthambore (1226) and Mandore (1227), whose Hindu chiefs had declared independence after Aibak's death. In
4797-747: The Moti Masjid mosque nearby and Farrukhsiyar who added a marble screen and a mosque. His most famous disciple and spiritual successor was Fariduddin Ganjshakar , who in turn became the spiritual master of Delhi's noted Sufi saint, Nizamuddin Auliya , who himself was the spiritual master of Amir Khusrau and Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi . Qutb al-Din Bakhtiyar Kaki had much influence on Sufism in India. As he continued and developed
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4914-717: The Quran and piousness ( Arabic : Taqwa ) under the assessment of a Naqib al-Ashraf , also known as a Mir in Persian-speaking countries. Notable examples of such a Naqib (plural: "Nuqaba") or Mirs (plural: "Miran"), were Hazrat Ishaan in the Mughal Empire and his descendant Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha in Royal Afghanistan . In Shia Islam , with the advent of the Safavids a male person with
5031-484: The Rassids , the Qasimids, the Mutawakkilites, the Hamideddins, some Al-Zaidi of Ma'rib , Sana'a, and Sa'dah , the Ba 'Alawi sadah families in Hadhramaut , Mufadhal of Sana'a , Al-Shammam of Sa'dah, the Sufyan of Juban, and the Al-Jaylani of Juban. In South Asia, Sayyids are mostly credited for preaching and consolidating the religion of Islam. They are predominantly descendants of leading saints of Sunni faith that migrated from Persia to preach Islam of which
5148-413: The Sindh Sagar Doab in the Punjab region, and captured the fort of Pasrur . He sent his envoy Ainul Mulk to Iltutmish, seeking an alliance against the Mongols, and requesting for a safe place to stay. According to Juvayni, after deliberating over the matter for several days, Iltutmish refused to provide him a residence on the excuse that no place in his kingdom have a suitable climate or a locality fit for
5265-444: The hands of Khawaja Mu'in al-Din Chishti , and received the khilafat and khirqa (Sufi cloak) from him, when Khawaja Mu'in al-Din Chishti passed through Osh during his journey to Isfahan . His spiritual master then guided him to India and asked him to stay there. Thus, he was the first spiritual successor of Mu'in al-Din Chishti. In obedience to the desire of his spiritual master, Mu'in al-Din Chishti, Khwaja Bakhtiyar moved to
5382-416: The iqta' of neighbouring Awadh region at this time, to invade Bengal while Ghiyasuddin was away on a plundering campaign in Kamrup. Nasiruddin captured his capital Lakhnauti, and defeated and executed him on his return to Bengal. Following this conquest, the coinage in the Bengal region was issued in the name of Iltutmish, and the khutba in Lakhnauti was also read in his name. During the first half of
5499-554: The 1220s, Iltutmish had avoided Indus River Valley, which was contended by the Mongols, the Khwarazm kings, and Qabacha. After the decline of the Mongol and the Khwarazmian threat, Qabacha gained control over this region. Shortly after, during 1228–1229, Iltutmish invaded Qabacha's territory. By this time, the conflicts with the Khwarazmians and the Mongols had weakened Qabacha's power. The writings of Hasan Nizami and Muhammad Aufi suggest that Qabacha had earlier signed some treaties with Iltutmish, probably to secure his support against
5616-518: The 15th to 17th centuries during the Safavid era. The Safavids transformed the religious landscape of Iran by imposing Twelver Shiism on the populace. Since most of the population embraced Sunni Islam, and an educated version of Shiism was scarce in Iran at the time, Ismail imported a new group of Shia Ulama who predominantly were Sayyids from traditional Shiite centers of the Arabic-speaking lands, such as Jabal Amel (of southern Lebanon), Syria , Bahrain , and southern Iraq in order to create
5733-449: The Al Said dynasty, are able to use the title of Sayyid or Sayyida. Male line descendants of Sultan Turki bin Said are also able to use the style of His/Her Highness . The Sayyid title in Oman is some times translated as Prince . In Yemen the Sayyids are more generally known as sadah ; they are also referred to as Hashemites . In terms of religious practice they are Sunni , Shia , and Sufi . Sayyid families in Yemen include
5850-410: The Al-Awadhi Huwala family), Al-Gharawi, Al-Sabzewari, Al-Shubber, Al-Hayali, Al-Kamaludeen, Al-Asadi and many others. Sayyids (in Persian : سید Seyyed ) are found in vast numbers in Iran . The Chief of "National Organization for Civil Registration" of Iran declared that more than 6 millions of Iranians are Sayyid . The majority of Sayyids migrated to Iran from Arab lands predominantly in
5967-418: The Chisti order by participating in sama or Mehfil-e-Sama . It is conjectured that this was with the view that, being in consonance with the role of music in some modes of Hindu worship, it could serve as a basis of contact with the local people and would facilitate mutual adjustments between the two communities. On the 14th of Rabi' al-Awwal 633 A.H. (27 November 1235 CE) he attended a Mehfil-e-Sama where
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#17327651881196084-569: The Delhi Sultan's permission to pass through India. No extant sources provide any information about the result of this embassy, but it appears that Genghis Khan abandoned his plan to pass through India. According to the Persian historian Ata-Malik Juvayni , Genghis Khan advanced eastwards into India, but failed to find a suitable route, and therefore, exited the country via Peshawar . It is possible that Genghis Khan, through his envoys, asked Iltutmish to not aid Jalal ad-Din: Iltutmish seems to have obliged. Meanwhile, Jalal ad-Din established himself in
6201-445: The God's Deputy") and Nasir Amir al-Mu'minin ("Auxiliary of the Commander of the Faithful"). On 18 February 1229, the embassy arrived in Delhi with a deed of investiture . Although the Caliphate's status as a pan-Islamic institution had been declining, the Caliph's recognition was seen as a religious and political legitimization of Iltutmish's status as an independent ruler rather than a Ghurid subordinate. The Caliph's recognition
6318-417: The Holy Mantle) in Istanbul 's Topkapı Palace . In addition to the sayyid title, descendants of Muhammad through the Twelve Imams in Arabic , Persian and Urdu may obtain the following surnames : al-Hashimi الهاشمي al-Hashimi الهاشمي Hassani حسنى Hassani حسنی Noshahi نوشاہی Ba 'Alawi ال باعلوي Also, El-Husseini, Al-Husseini, Husseini, and Hussaini. Those who use
6435-461: The Indus River on the night of 26 May 1228. Iltutmish then placed Multan and Uch under his own governors, and had his forces occupy several strategic forces, expand his authority up to Makran in the west. Malik Sinanuddin, the wāli (governor) of coastal Sindh, also recognized Iltutmish's authority, and thus Iltutmish's empire spread as far as the Arabian Sea. Qabacha's son and surviving followers also accepted Iltutmish's suzerainty. In 1220-,
6552-627: The Khwarazm prince Jalal ad-Din. These treaties probably involved Qabacha's recognition of Iltutmish's sovereignty, or promises to surrender some territories to the Delhi Sultan. Qabacha's failure to abide by these treaties may have prompted Iltutmish to wage a war against him. Iltutmish's forces captured Tabarhinda , Kuhram , Sarsati (or Sursuti), and Lahore from Qabacha. Iltutmish appointed Nasir al-Din Aytemur al-Baha'i as his provincial governor ( muqta ) of Lahore. He then sent Nasir al-Din to capture Multan, while he himself invaded Uch . Nasir al-Din captured Lahore, and Iltutmish captured Uch after
6669-399: The Khwarazmian invasion, expresses hope that his patron Qabacha will soon conquer the whole of Hindustan. Aufi also mentions that Ahmad Jamaji, who was Iltutmish's governor of Bahraich , defected to Qabacha in 1220. The Khwarazmshahs , who had taken over the western part of the former Ghurid Empire, suffered a Mongol invasion in 1220. After being defeated at the Battle of Indus in 1221,
6786-415: The Khwarazmian ruler Jalal-ad-Din in Iraq, while Other local commanders - including Hasan Qarluq - surrendered to Iltutmish. Qarluq later changed his allegiance to the Mongols. During his last days, in 1235–1236, Iltutmish is known to have aborted a campaign in the Binban area: this campaign was probably directed against Qarluq . Hammira-mada-mardana , a Sanskrit play by Jayasimha Suri, mentions that
6903-410: The Khwarazmshah Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu escaped to the Punjab region. He entered into a matrimonial alliance with the local Khokhar chief Rai Khokhar Sankin, and defeated other regional rulers, including Qabacha. The Mongol leader Genghis Khan briefly considered returning to Mongolia through a shorter route which involved crossing the Himalayan foothills. He sent envoys to Iltutmish, asking for
7020-405: The Lingam) stolen during the invasion. By 1229–1230, the north-western boundary of Iltutmish's kingdom appears to have extended up to the Jhelum River , as Nasawi states that he controlled the area "up to the neighbourhood of the gates of Kashmir". During this period, Iltutmish invaded the territories controlled by the Khwarazmian subordinate Ozbeg-bei, in present-day Pakistan. Ozbeg-bei fled to
7137-407: The Mughal Emperor, Akbar II (r. 1806–1837) made a vow to offer a chadar and flower pankha at the Dargah and a pankha at the Yogmaya Temple , also at Mehrauli, if her son Mirza Jehangir, who, after inviting the wrath of Sir Archibald Seton, the then British Resident of the Red Fort, was exiled to Allahabad, returned safely. And as the legend goes, he did, and so began the tradition. The festival
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#17327651881197254-421: The Naqshbandi order is named, and who was a descendant, in the 11th generation of the 11th Shia imam al-Hasan al-Askari. Although Shiite historians generally reject the claim that Hasan al-Askari fathered children other than Muhammad al-Mahdi, Bab Mawlid Abi Muhammad al-Hasan writes, in the Shiite hadith book Usul al-Kafi : When the caliph got news of Hasan 'Askari's illness, he instructed his agents to keep
7371-533: The Persian Sayyid Moinuddin Chishti has set the cornerstone. Thus Moinuddin Chishti is regarded as Sultan-i-Hindustan in Islamic Theology . The following saints and their descendants are most well known: The earliest migration of Sayyids from Afghanistan to North India took place in 1032 when Gazi Saiyyed Salar Sahu (general and brother-in-law of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni ) and his son Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud established their military headquarters at Satrikh (16 km (9.9 mi) from Zaidpur ) in
7488-416: The Shia Mahdi) and Sayyid Ali Akbar. According to the earliest reports as from official family tree documents and records , Imam Hasan al-Askari fathered seven children and was survived by six. The names of his biological children were: Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, Musa, Ja’far, Ibrahim, Fatima, Ayesha, and ‘Ali , sometimes referred to as Akbar, Asghar or Abdullah. Sayyid ‘Ali Akbar bin Imam Hasan al-Askari
7605-575: The abolition of the zamindari system, many Sayyid zamindars (e.g. that of Ghazipur ) had to leave their homes. The ancestor of the Bārha Sayyids , Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti, left his original home in Wasit , Iraq, with his twelve sons at the end of the 13th century and migrated to India, where he obtained four villages in Sirhind-Fategarh . By the 16th century Abu'l Farah's descendants had taken over Bārha villages in Muzaffarnagar . The Sayyeds of Abdullapur Meerut are descendants of great saint Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari . They had
7722-409: The authority in Bengal. Iltutmish invaded Bengal, and defeated him in 1230. He then appointed Malik Alauddin Jani as the governor of Bengal. Meanwhile, Mangal Deva, the Parihara chief of Gwalior in central India, had declared independence. In 1231, Iltutmish besieged the city, and captured it after 11 months of conflict, on 12 December 1232. After Mangal Deva fled, and Iltutmish left the fort under
7839-414: The beginning of the 8th century . The Bahrainis supported, Imam Ali in his wars in the Camel , Siffin and Nahrawan , and several Bahraini men emerged from the leaders of the Commander of the Faithful including the companion Zayd ibn Suhan al-Abdi who was killed in the Battle of the Camel when he was fighting alongside the Commander of Imam Ali . And the companion Sa'sa'a bin Sohan Al Abdi who
7956-423: The charge of his officers Majdul Mulk Ziyauddin. In 1233–1234, Iltutmish placed Gwalior under Malik Nusratuddin Taisi, who was also assigned the iqta's of Sultankot and Bayana , and made in-charge of the military contingents at Kannauj , Mehr, and Mahaban . Shortly after, Taisi attacked the Chandela fort of Kalinjar , and subsequently plundered the area for around 50 days. During this campaign, he acquired
8073-531: The city of Delhi during the reign of Iltutmish (r. 1211–1236) of the Delhi Sultanate . Many people started visiting him daily. He was called Kaki due to a Karamat (miracle) attributed to him in Delhi. It is said that he asked his wife not to take credit from the local baker despite their extreme poverty. Instead he told her to pick up Kak (a kind of bread) from a corner of their house whenever needed. After this, his wife found that Kak miraculously appeared in that corner whenever she required it. The baker, in
8190-427: The daughter of Prophet Muhammad . His mother, who herself was an educated lady, arranged for his education by Shaikh Abu Hafs. And his known descendants are in karachi Pakistan. ,Hazrat Sahabzada Syed Muhammad Mateen Ali chisti and his spiritually successor and Son Hazrat Sahabzada Syed Muhammad Nasir Ali Chisti Mateeni and Hazrat Sahabzada Syed Irshad Ali Chisti. Qutb al-Din Bakhtiyar Kaki took oath of allegiance at
8307-429: The early 1220s, Iltutmish had largely stayed away from the Indus Valley region, which was embroiled in conflicts between Qabacha, the Khwarazmian dynasty , and the Mongols . In 1228, he invaded the Indus Valley region, defeated Qabacha, and annexed large parts of Punjab and Sindh to his empire. Subsequently, the Abbasid caliph al-Mustansir recognized his authority in India. Over the next few years, Iltutmish suppressed
8424-514: The east. They are predominantly Sunni Muslims , although there are some, including in Bamiyan Province, who belong to Shia Islam. These individuals are often referred to as Sadat (from [سادات] Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |trans= ( help ) , the plural of Sayyid ), a term traditionally used to denote the descendants of Hasan and Hussein , the first Shia martyrs and sons of Ali, who are grandsons of Muhammad, particularly in
8541-609: The family conquered and settled in Bilgram. A notable Sufi that belonged to a Sayyid family was Syed Salar Masud, from whom many of the Sayyid families of Awadh claim their lineage. Sayyids of Salon ( Raebareli ), Jarwal (Bahraich), Kintoor ( Barabanki ), and Zaidpur (Barabanki) were well-known Taluqadars (feudal lords) of Awadh province. Sadaat also found in Kannauj trace their lineage from Husayn through Ali al-Hadi ,
8658-508: The family of Sadr-i Jahan treated Iltutmish well, and later sold him to a merchant called Bukhara Haji. Iltutmish was subsequently sold to a merchant called Jamaluddin Muhammad Chust Qaba, who brought him to Ghazni . The arrival of a handsome and intelligent slave in the town was reported to the Ghurid king Mu'izz ad-Din , who offered 1,000 gold coins for Iltutmish and another slave named Tamghaj Aibak. When Jamaluddin refused
8775-694: The famous shrine, as did his previous Mughal predecessors. Unfortunately, he was exiled to Burma where he died. Talks of bringing back his remains here have been raised in the past, from time to time. Honorary titles given to Qutb al-Din Bakhtiyar include: Sayyid Others In terms of Ihsan : Sayyid ( UK : / s aɪ ɪ d , ˈ s eɪ j ɪ d / , US : / ˈ s ɑː j ɪ d / ; Arabic : سيد [ˈsæjjɪd] ; Persian: [sejˈjed] ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: سادة sādah ; feminine: سيدة sayyidah ; Persian: [sejˈjede] )
8892-440: The former Ghurid dominions of India ( Mamalik-i-Hindustan ) had been divided into four parts, centred at: Several Muslim officers, who administered Delhi's dependencies during Aibak's reign, did not recognize Iltutmish's authority. According to Minhaj , Iltutmish re-asserted Delhi's control over Badaun , Awadh , Banaras , and Siwalik in a series of campaigns. For example, Iltutmish captured Banaras after defeating Qaymaz, who
9009-748: The government, which they had shunned in the past (following the Hidden imam doctrine). Common Sayyid family surnames in Iran are Husseini , Mousavi , Kazemi , Razavi, Eshtehardian, Tabatabaei , Hashemi , Hassani , Jafari , Emami, Ahmadi, Zaidi , Imamzadeh , Sherazi, Kermani (kirmani), Shahidi , and Mahdavi . In Bahrain Sayyids are used to refer to great-grandchildren of Muhammed. Sayyids are found every where and in vast populations although number contradict. Sayyids started living in Bahrain since
9126-572: The iqta' of Badaun , which according to Minhaj, was the most important one in the Delhi Sultanate . In 1205–1206, Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din summoned Qutb al-Din's forces for his campaign against the Khokhar rebels. During this campaign, Iltutmish's Badaun contingent forced the Khokhars into the middle of the Jhelum river , and killed them there. Mu'izz ad-Din noticed Iltutmish, and made inquiries about him. The Sultan subsequently presented Iltutmish with
9243-551: The kingdom" in Turkic. Since vowel marks are generally omitted in the historical Persian language manuscripts, different 19th-20th century writers read Iltutmish's name variously as "Altamish", "Altamsh", "Iyaltimish", and "Iletmish". However, several verses by contemporary poets, in which the Sultan's name occurs, rhyme properly only if the name is pronounced "Iltutmish". Moreover, a 1425-1426 ( AH 829) Tajul-Ma'asir manuscript shows
9360-592: The kingdom. However, the nobles in other parts of the Sultanate opposed this decision, and proposed Iltutmish as an alternative, because Aibak used to call him a son, and because he had a distinguished record of service. These nobles, led by the military justiciar ( Amir-i Dad ) Ali-yi Ismail, invited him to occupy the throne. Iltutmish marched to Delhi, where he seized the power, and later defeated Aram Shah's forces. Some nobles rebelled against his seizure of power, but Iltutmish subjugated them, and had many of them beheaded. Minhaj-i-Siraj states that after Aibak's death,
9477-580: The local laws of the variously divided Arab countries. In the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , the Sayyid have been recognized as an ethnic group. On March 15, 2019, President Ashraf Ghani decreed the inclusion of the "Sadat tribe" in the electronically registered national identity documents (Tazkira). The majority of Sayyids live in Balkh and Kunduz in the north, as well as in Nangarhar in
9594-726: The market. Iltutmish lost the money on the way to the market, and started crying fearing punishment from his master. A dervish ( Sufi religious leader) noticed him, and bought the grapes for him in exchange for a promise that he would treat religious devotees and ascetics well upon becoming powerful. The writings of Isami and some other sources suggest that Iltutmish also spent some time in Baghdad , where he met noted Sufi mystics such as Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi and Auhaduddin Kermani . Minhaj states that
9711-549: The meantime, had become worried whether the Khwaja had stopped taking credit due to being perchance angry with him. Accordingly, when the baker's wife asked the reason from the Khwaja's wife, she told her about the miracle of Kak. Although the Kak stopped appearing after this, from that day the people started referring to him as Kaki. Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki, like other Chisti saints, did not formulate any formal doctrine. He used to hold
9828-659: The northern Hejaz region and British India. The Sayyid families in Iraq are so numerous that there are books written especially to list the families and connect their trees. Some of these families are: the Alyassiri, Al Aqeeqi, Al-Nasrullah, Al-Wahab, Al-Hashimi , Al-Barznji, Al- Quraishi , Al-Marashi , Al-Witry, Al-Obaidi , Al-Samarai, Al-Zaidi , Al-A'araji, Al-Baka, Al- Hasani , Al- Hussaini , Al- Shahristani , Al-Qazwini Al- Qadri , Tabatabaei , Al- Alawi, Al-Ghawalib (Al-Ghalibi), Al-Musawi , Al-Awadi (not to be confused with
9945-718: The offer, the king banned the sale of these slaves in Ghazni. A year later, Jamaluddin went to Bukhara, and stayed there for three years with the slaves. Subsequently, Iltutmish's master Jamaluddin returned to Ghazni, where Mu'izz ad-Din's slave-commander Qutb al-Din Aibak noticed Iltutmish. Qutb al-Din, who had just returned from a campaign in Gujarat (c. 1197), sought Mu'izz ad-Din's permission to purchase Iltutmish and Tamghaj. Since their sale had been banned in Ghazni, Mu'izz ad-Din directed them to be taken to Delhi . In Delhi, Jamaluddin sold Iltutmish and Tamghaj to Qutb al-Din for 100,000 jitals (silver or copper coins). Tamghaj rose to
10062-636: The people. He continued the policy of non-involvement with the government of the day. This was the traditional way of saints of the Chisti order in South Asia, as they felt that their linkage with rulers and the government would turn their mind towards worldly matters. During the lifetime of the Khwaja he was held in great esteem by the Delhi Sultan, Iltutmish. It is contended that the Qutb Minar ,
10179-503: The poet Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami sang the following verses: Those who are slain by the dagger of surrender; Receive every moment a new life from the unseen. Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki was so overcome and enraptured by these verses that he fainted away. He died four days later while still in that state of ecstasy. His dargah (shrine) is adjacent to the Zafar Mahal , near Qutb Minar complex, in Mehrauli , Delhi. After his death his will
10296-624: The politics of the Indus valley region to avoid a potential conflict with the Mongols. Iltutmish's predecessor Aibak had appointed Ali Mardan Khalji as the governor of Sultanate's territories in eastern India. After Aibak's death, the region became independent, with Lakhnauti as its capital, and Ali Mardan's successor Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah (alias Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji) styled himself as
10413-572: The position of the muqta (provincial governor) of Tabarhinda (possibly modern Bathinda ), while Iltutmish became the sar-jandar (head of bodyguard). Iltutmish rose rapidly in Qutb al-Din's service, attaining the rank of Amir-i Shikar (superintendent of the hunt). After the Ghurid conquest of Gwalior in 1200, he was appointed the Amir of the town, and later, he was granted the iqta' of Baran . His efficient governance prompted Qutb al-Din to grant him
10530-473: The reign of Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi around 1517. His Shia descendants are now known as Sayyids of Ghazipur. Sayyids of Syed nagli, or Said Nagli, or the Baquari Syeds had migrated from Termez (Present day Uzbekistan) during the Sultanate era. Sikandar Lodi was the ruler of Delhi when Mir Syed Mohammad al Hussain al Hussaini al Termezi Haji al Haramain came to India and settled at Syed Nagli . He
10647-461: The result. When an eminent disciple, Farid al-Din Ganjshakar, asked him about the legality of amulets ( ta'wiz ) which were controversial as they could lead to theological problems of semi-idolatory in Islam, he replied that the fulfilment of desires belonged to no one; the amulets contained God's name and His words and could be given to the people. He continued and extended the musical tradition of
10764-533: The silver tanka and the copper jital – the two basic coins of the Sultanate period, with a standard weight of 175 grains. He set up the Iqtadari system: division of empire into Iqtas, which were assigned to the nobles and officers in lieu of salary. He erected many buildings, including mosques , khanqahs (monasteries), dargahs (shrines or graves of influential people) and a reservoir ( hawz ) for pilgrims. The name "Iltutmish" literally means "maintainer of
10881-420: The sovereign title of Sultan, and controlled a vast territory that included coastal Sindh, Siwistan , Bhakkar, and Multan. Subsequently, Qabacha tried to conquer a greater part of Punjab: according to Firishta , he sought to extend his authority as far as Sirhind in the east. This prompted Iltutmish to march against him in 1217. Qabacha initially retreated, but Iltutmish's army chased him and defeated him at
10998-587: The term Sayyid for all descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib regard Allawis or Alavis as Sayyids. However, Allawis are not descendants of Muhammad, as they are descended from the children of Ali and the women he married after the death of Fatima, such as Umm ul-Banin (Fatima bint Hizam). Those who limit the term Sayyid to descendants of Muhammad through Fatima, Alawites are the same how Sayyids . Some Sayyids are Najeeb Al Tarfayn , meaning "Noble on both sides", which indicates that both of their parents are Sayyid. The existence of any descendant of Hasan al Askari
11115-646: The time of his ascension a few years later, an ulama deputation led by Qazi Wajihuddin Kashani waited to find if he had obtained a deed of manumission or not. After Mu'izz ad-Din's death in 1206, Qutb al-Din became the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, which evolved independent of the former Ghurid Empire. In 1210, when Qutb al-Din Aibak died unexpectedly in Lahore during a sport game, the local nobles appointed Aram Shah as his successor to prevent instability in
11232-647: The title Nasir Amir al-Mu'minin , but he did so unilaterally without the Caliph's sanction. The Caliph probably saw Iltutmish as an ally against his Khwarazmian rival, which may have prompted him to recognize Iltutmish's authority in India. After the Caliph's recognition, Iltutmish began inscribing the Caliph's name on his coins, including the new silver tanka introduced by him. In March–April 1229, Iltutmish's son Nasiruddin Mahmud , who had been governing Bengal since 1227, died unexpectedly. Taking advantage of this, Malik Balkha Khalji , an officer of Iltutmish, usurped
11349-458: The title Sayyid is unclear. In fact the title Sayyid as a unified reference for descendants of Muhammad did not exist, according to Morimoto Kazuo, until the Mongol conquests . This can be substantiated by historic records about Abdul Qadir Gilani and Bahauddin Naqshband , who did not refer to themselves with any title, despite their lineages to Muhammad . Sometimes the ruling community of
11466-583: The tomb of the great companion Sa'sa'a bin Sohan Al Abdi who is buried in Bahrain . In Oman , Sayyid is used solely as a royal title and not as a means of indicating descent from Muhammad . It is used by members of the ruling Al Said family who are not descended from Muhammad but instead from the Azd , a Qahtanite tribe. All male line descendants of Sultan Ahmad bin Said , the first ruler of Oman from
11583-491: The traditional ideas of universal brotherhood and charity within the Chisti order, a new dimension of Islam started opening up in India which had hitherto not been present. He forms an important part of the Sufi movement which attracted many people to Islam in India in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. People of every religion like Hindus , Christians , Sikhs , etc. visiting his Dargah every week. Qutb al-Din Bakhtiyar Kaki
11700-562: The two brothers Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Jan and Sayyid ul Sadaat Mir Sayyid Mahmud Agha , maternal descendants of Hasan al Askari; qadi Qozi Sayyid Bahodirxon ; and Sufi saints Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin and Pir Baba . In her book Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India , Dr. Annemarie Schimmel writes: Khwaja Mir Dard 's family, like many nobles, from Bukhara; led their pedigree back to Baha'uddin Naqshband, after whom
11817-534: The vowel "u" in the Sultan's name, which confirms that "Iltutmish" is the correct reading of the name. Iltutmish's inscriptions mention several of his grandiloquent titles, including: In Sanskrit language inscriptions of the Delhi Sultanate, he has been referred to as "Lititmisi" (a rendering of "Iltutmish"); Suritan Sri Samasadin or Samusdina (a rendering of his title "Sultan Shamsuddin"); or Turushkadhipamadaladan ("the Turushka Lord"). Iltutmish
11934-459: The world's tallest brick minaret, partially built by Iltumish, was named so after him. He was also the favorite saint of the Lodi dynasty which ruled over Delhi from 1451 to 1526. His importance continues to this day and can be gauged by the following historical fact. When Mahatma Gandhi launched his last fast-unto-death in Delhi in 1948, asking that all communal violence be ended once and for all, he
12051-1409: The young age of a year and a half. Khwaja Qutb al-Din's original name was Bakhtiyar and later on he was given the title Qutb al-Din. He was a Husayni Sayyid and his lineage is recorded as follows: He is Qutb al-Din Bakhtiyar bin Kamal al-Din Musa, bin Muhammad, bin Ahmad, bin Husam al-Din, bin Rashid al-Din, bin Radi al-Din, bin Hasan, bin Muhammad Ishaq, bin Muhammad, bin Ali, bin Ja'far, bin Ali al-Rida , bin Musa al-Kazim , bin Ja'far al-Sadiq , bin Muhammad al-Baqir , bin Ali Zayn al-Abidin , bin Husayn , bin Ali bin Abi Talib and Fatimah al-Zahra ,
12168-631: Was Saint Ishan (Eshon) Imlo of Bukhara. Ishan Imlo is called "saint of the last time" in Bukhara, as it is believed that after him there were no more saints – Asian Muslims generally revere him as the last of the saints. According to the source, Ishan Imlo died in 1162 AH (1748–1749); his mausoleum (mazar) is in a cemetery in Bukhara. Notable descendants of Sayyid Ali Akbar are Sufi saints like Bahauddin Naqshband , descendant after eleven generations; Khwaja Khawand Mahmud known as Hazrat Ishaan, descendant after eighteen generations;
12285-641: Was a Baquari Syed who drew his lineage from Muhammad al Baqir . Perhaps the most important figure in the history of the Sayyid in Uttar Pradesh was Sayyid Basrullah Shustari, who moved from Mashad in Iran in 1549 and joined the court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar . Akbar appointed Shustari as his chief justice, who used his position to strengthen the status of the various Sayyid families. They were preferred in administrative posts and formed
12402-468: Was a mere formality, but Iltutmish celebrated it in a big way, by decorating the city of Delhi and honouring his nobles, officers, and slaves. Iltutmish's own court poets eulogize the event, and the 14th century Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta describes him as the first independent ruler of Delhi. Iltutmish is the only ruler of India to have the Caliph's recognition. Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah , the ruler of Bengal defeated by Iltutmish's forces, had earlier assumed
12519-443: Was born here later migrated to Pakistan after partition, his famous books are Ghalib kaun hai, Asaas-i-Urdu, Ghalib-i-sad rang, Seerat-un-Nabi, Hindi-Urdu lughat, Mutal'a-i-Abdul Haq, Lisani maqalaat. The Sayyids of Bilgram are Hussaini Sayyids, who first migrated from Wasit, Iraq, in the 13th century. Their ancestor, Syed Mohammad Sughra, a Zaidi Sayyid of Iraq, arrived in India during the rule of Sultan Iltutmish . In 1217–18
12636-488: Was born in 569 A.H. (1173 C.E.) in the ancient city of Osh (alternatively Awsh or Ush) in the Fergana Valley (present Osh in southern Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan), part of historic Transoxiana ). According to his biography mentioned in, Ain-i-Akbari , written in the 16th century by Mughal Emperor Akbar ’s vizier, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak , he was the son of Sayyid Kamal al-Din Musa al-Husayni, whom he lost at
12753-579: Was born in an affluent family: his father Ilam Khan was a leader of the Ilbari Turkic tribe. According to Minhaj 's Tabaqat-i Nasiri , he was a handsome and intelligent boy, because of which his brothers grew jealous of him; these brothers sold him to a slave dealer at a horse show. Minhaj's narrative appears to be inspired by the Quranic story of Hazrat Yusuf ( Joseph ), who was sold into slavery by his jealous brothers. According to Minhaj, as
12870-453: Was controlled by Taj al-Din Yildiz , a former slave who claimed to be the rightful successor to the Ghurid emperor. After Iltutmish suppressed the rival claimants to the throne, Yildiz sent him a royal umbrella ( chatr ) and a baton ( durbash ): these gifts implied that Iltutmish was a subordinate ruler. Iltutmish did not want an immediate confrontation, and accepted these gifts. Iltutmish's earliest inscription, dated October 1211, styles him as
12987-568: Was finally led by Illtutmish as he was the only person who fulfilled and adhered to the contents of the will. Left of the Ajmeri Gate of the dargah at Mehrauli, lies Moti Masjid , a small mosque for private prayer built by Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I in 1709, an imitation of the much larger Moti Masjid built by his father, Aurangzeb , inside the Red Fort of Delhi. As a well-known saint, Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki exercised great sway over
13104-520: Was injured by an arrow and captured on the battlefield. Yildiz was later taken to Iltutmish's stronghold of Badaun , where he was killed. Iltutmish's success in this conflict reinforced the Delhi Sultanate's independent status. Iltutmish's victory over Yildiz did not result in any substantial increase in his territory. He did not immediately assert his control over the Punjab region, and Qabacha regained control of Lahore. By this time, Qabacha had assumed
13221-565: Was pressed by leaders of all denominations to end the fast. One of the six conditions that Gandhi put forward to end the fast was that Hindus and Sikhs as an act of atonement should repair the shrine of Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki which had been damaged during the communal riots. The darbaar shrine of Qutb al-Din Bakhtiyar Kaki has also been the venue of the annual Phoolwalon-ki-sair (a festival of flower-sellers) in autumn, which has now become an important inter-faith festival of Delhi. The festival has its origins in 1812, when Queen Mumtaz Mahal, wife of
13338-534: Was presumably a former officer of Aibak. By the time of Iltutmish's ascension, Delhi's hold over various Hindu chiefs had weakened, and some of them - such as those of Ranthambore and Jalor - had declared independence. During the first few years of his reign, Iltutmish other preoccupations appear to have prevented him from campaigning against these chiefs. Hasan Nizami refers to an undated expedition against Jalor, which may have taken place sometime after his victory over Aram Shah. The Ghurid capital of Ghazni
13455-457: Was read that emphasized that only the person who has done no haram and have never left the sunnah of Asr prayer may only lead his namaz-e-janaza (funeral prayer). This left to a brief lull as nearly everybody did not adhered to the contents of the will. Finally a teary eyed Illtutmish come out of the congregation saying that "I did not want to reveal my inner self to everybody but the will of Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki wants so". His Janaza prayer
13572-619: Was stopped by the British in 1942, but later revived by the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1961 to bridge the Hindu-Muslim gap, and inculcate secularist ideals. Incidentally, Akbar II is now buried nearby in a marble enclosure, along with other Mughals , Bahadur Shah I and Shah Alam II . An empty grave, also known as Sardgah , of the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar , can also be found here, as he had willed to be buried next to
13689-516: Was the ambassador of the Commander of the Faithful to Mu`awiyah , and he and Mu`awiyah have many stories that historians have transmitted to us. Historians have called them this title because they agreed on a Thursday that they would die for the sake of the Commander of the Faithful. The tomb of Zayd ibn Suhan is still visited in Bahrain and is called by Bahrainis as Prince Zaid, as well as
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