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21-635: The Centre is housed in the original building used as the western terminus of the British Empire's worldwide undersea cable called the All Red Line . Originally the site of the Pacific Cable Board (PCB) Cable Station, which served as the eastern terminus of the trans-Pacific telegraph cable linking Canada to Fanning Island (1,600 kilometres south of Hawaii ). The telegraph cable operated from 1901 to 1959. From 1969 to 1980,

42-642: A midpoint power regeneration / relay station between Western Canada and Australia on the trans-Pacific Ocean branch of the system. Fanning Island was annexed to the British Empire in 1888. The Committee on Imperial Defence reported in 1911 that the All Red Line was complete. The network had so many redundancies that 49 cuts would be needed to isolate the United Kingdom; 15 for Canada; and 5 for South Africa. Many colonies such as South Africa and India also had many land lines. Britain also possessed

63-607: A treaty with clearer financial divisions, responsibilities, and governance was established that would eventually replace the Pacific Cable Board. A treaty Commonwealth Telegraph Agreement was signed between Commonwealth nations in London, 1948 that formed the Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation . Bamfield, British Columbia Bamfield is a community that is surrounded by Crown Land , First Nation Lands belonging to

84-534: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . All Red Line The All Red Line was a system of electrical telegraphs that linked much of the British Empire . It was inaugurated on 31 October 1902. The informal name derives from the common practice of colouring the territory of the British Empire red or pink on political maps. The first transatlantic cable connected Ireland and Newfoundland in 1858, although it later failed. In 1866,

105-650: The 1894 Colonial Conference in Ottawa which was called specifically on the topic of the cable project. The "Pacific Cable Committee" was formed in 1896 to consider the proposal and in 1901 the Pacific Cable Board was formed with eight members: Three from Britain, two from Canada, two from Australia and one from New Zealand. Funding for the project was shared between the British, Canadian, New Zealand, New South Wales, Victorian and Queensland governments. In 1902

126-692: The Colonia , a newly-built cable vessel, began laying the 8,000 tonnes of cable needed to complete the Bamfield, British Columbia , to Fanning Island section of the cable. The final cost was around £2 million. Originally, the British government felt the All Red system should have sea-landings only on British-controlled soil for security purposes. Due to this, Britain actively sought to acquire Fanning Island (now Tabuaeran in Kiribati ) to use for

147-511: The First World War , while Britain quickly succeeded in cutting Germany's worldwide network. The Pacific Cable Board laid a duplicate cable between Canada and New Zealand between 1923 and 1926, using the cable-laying ships Dominia and Faraday . Atlantic Ocean stations Pacific Ocean stations Indian Ocean stations In the final years of the British Empire, with a number of states federated or close to independence,

168-1077: The Huu-ay-aht First Nations partnered with the Hakai Institute to launch a drone. The drone took a series of photos, which were then used to map portions of the Barkley Sound area. On July 1, 2018, Dr. Sean Rogers, a biology instructor at the University of Calgary, was named director of the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre for a five-year term. Rogers has taught university courses at the Centre, and had been named acting director in 2016. 48°50′07″N 125°08′08″W  /  48.835262°N 125.135500°W  / 48.835262; -125.135500 This article about an organization in Canada

189-688: The Huu-ay-aht Nations , and portions of the Pacific Rim National Park , located on Barkley Sound , Vancouver Island in British Columbia , Canada. The community, with a population of 179 as of 2016, is divided by Bamfield Inlet. Bamfield was populated by Huu-ay-aht of the Nuu-chah-nulth , the local Indigenous people. Europeans founded a small fishing community sometime in the late 1800s. Most of

210-516: The SS ; Great Eastern laid out a lasting link from Waterville, County Kerry and nearby Valentia Island , in Ireland, to Heart's Content, Newfoundland . By 1870, Suez was linked to Bombay , and from there to Madras , Penang , and Singapore . Australia was linked to British telegraph cables directly in 1871, by extending a line from Singapore to Port Darwin , although it ran through

231-472: The West Coast Trail , a hiking trail built in 1907 along the west coast of Vancouver Island to help survivors of the area's many shipwrecks find their way back to civilization. The trail runs 77 kilometres (48 mi) along extremely rugged terrain. Today Bamfield is primarily a tourist destination, either for the West Coast Trail , ocean kayaking or sport fishing. The research activities at

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252-655: The Bamfield Marine Station was part of the British Columbia Shore Station Oceanographic Program , collecting coastal water temperature and salinity measurements for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans everyday for 11 years. The Centre also lends continued logistical support for Folger Passage and Barkley Sound with Ocean Networks Canada . In April 2016, Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre and

273-597: The Canadian Government arranged for a company of troops to be based there until the end of that conflict. A Marine and Fisheries lifesaving station on the Pacific coast was established at Bamfield in 1907. It was the first lifesaving station on Canada's Pacific Coast. In 1953 the cable was extended up the Alberni Inlet to Port Alberni and the local station was closed on June 20, 1959. Following

294-544: The Dutch territory of Java . By 1872, messages could be sent direct from London to Adelaide and Sydney . Australia was linked to New Zealand by cable in 1876. To complete the All Red Line, therefore, the final major cable laying project was the trans- Pacific section. A resolution supporting such a project was passed by the First Colonial Conference in 1887 and more detailed plans were approved at

315-584: The Indigenous people now live in the neighbouring village of Anacla about 5 kilometres from Bamfield. Bamfield was named after the first government agent of the area, William Eddy Banfield. The name "Bamfield" with an "m" is said to have occurred either because of how the Huu-ay-aht had pronounced the agent's name, or it was a mistake made by the postal organization. In 1902, the Bamfield cable station

336-634: The Pacific Coast. Although Victoria was the earlier winner, a feasibility study tendered in 1969 recommended Bamfield as the better location. The former cable station property was purchased in 1969 and a formal structure for the management and development of the station was created in 1970 when the five universities ratified a Constitution and joined the Western Canadian Universities Marine Biological Society. In 1971, development began to convert

357-491: The closure, only the large concrete building, two cable storage tanks and an adjacent building survived, as all the rest were demolished. In 1968, the National Research Council asked five western Canadian universities (University of British Columbia, University of Victoria, University of Calgary, University of Alberta and Simon Fraser University) to propose the best location for a marine biology station on

378-544: The majority of the world's underwater-telegraph deployment and repair equipment and expertise, and a monopoly of the gutta-percha insulation for underwater lines. The 1911 report stated that the Imperial Wireless Chain should only be a "valuable reserve" to the All Red Line, because enemies could interrupt or intercept radio messages. Despite its great cost, the telegraph network succeeded in its purpose: British communications remained uninterrupted during

399-502: The site into a research station. With most of the physical facilities completed, the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre began operations by the end of 1972. It became the largest employer in the community since. Commercial fishing was based in Bamfield up to the mid-1980s. Bamfield is now home to several sport fishing lodges, which pursue primarily salmon and halibut . Bamfield is also the northern terminus of

420-506: Was constructed as the western terminus of a worldwide undersea telegraph cable called the All Red Line by some, as it passed only through countries and territories controlled by the British Empire , which were coloured red on maps of the time. The cable initially went to Fanning Island , a tiny coral atoll in the mid-Pacific, and from there continued to Fiji , New Zealand , and Australia . On May 16, 1915, American newspapers reported that an enemy Demo team had tried to land at Bamfield but

441-451: Was scared off by the military guards. A second building, made of concrete, was built on the site in 1926 to replace the old wood structure. This building, designated a historic site in 1930, is now used by the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre . During the early years of World War II, Cable & Wireless' cable station was shelled by an Imperial Japanese Navy submarine from nearby Barkley Sound without any major damage being inflicted, however

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