86-779: The flag of Bangsamoro is the flag which represents the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao , an autonomous region of the Philippines . Under the Bangsamoro Organic Law , the charter of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) which succeeded the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is entitled to have its own regional flag and emblem. The ARMM also had its own flag. Prior to
172-709: A common lineage with Sayyid Capt. Kalingalan “Apuh Inggal” Caluang, both tracing their ancestry back to the Sultans of Sulu. This shared heritage fostered a close bond between the two leaders, promoting goodwill and cooperation between their respective territories. With Tun Mustapha's support, the first cadre of MNLF fighters, including figures like Al Hussein Caluang, received training in Sabah after their time in Luuk, Sulu (now known as Kalingalan Caluang). While Datu Udtog Matalam's MIM
258-565: A country with a presidential system of government, no judicial ruling was made against the organic law and consequently a two-part plebiscite was held: one by ARMM citizens determining whether to dissolve the ARMM and immediately replace it with the Bangsamoro and, following the approval on the first part, a second part taken by neighboring municipalities and barangays in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Cotabato regarding their cession to
344-494: A golden yellow crescent and seven-pointed star as well as a white kris . The flag's standard dimensions is at 3 by 5.5 feet (0.91 m × 1.68 m), or with an aspect ratio of 6:11. The flag's four colors are defined by law according to their HEX values . The greens symbolizes the majority Muslim population of the region, white represents purity, and red represents the Bangsamoro struggle . The crescent represents
430-623: A huge presence in several areas in the proposed Bangsamoro and surrounding areas, notably in Basilan, Cotabato City, the Cotabato region, Zamboanga City, Zamboanga provinces, and Lanao del Norte. Various cities and municipalities, notably Isabela City in Basilan and Zamboanga City have rejected their inclusion in the Bangsamoro region. The Philippine Constitution Association believes that the Bangsamoro Organic Law will lead to
516-651: A large portion of the region's population. The Maguindanaons are the primary population in the Bangsamoro's Special Geographic Area in the Soccsksargen region province of Cotabato . The Tausūg , Yakan and Sama peoples are the main groups in the Sulu archipelago . There are two other main minority groups which lives in the region among the Moros; the Lumad and the settler communities. There are five main groups under
602-581: A loss in prestige as they could no longer control the Muslim lands. These politicians lost much of the capabilities they had possessed initially to manage the Muslim populace. In March 1968, fishermen in Manila Bay rescued a Muslim man named Jibin Arula from the waters. They discovered that he had suffered from gunshot wounds, and he later recounted that he was the lone survivor of what would later be termed
688-661: A part of the Spanish regime except for the islands occupied by the Muslims in the southern Philippines. The three-century rule of the Spaniards did not result in the full conquest of the archipelago due to the resistance of the Moros. The violence and brutality of the Spaniards in their attempts to suppress the Moro groups have resulted in killing numerous families and setting villages on fire. The United States' Insular Government of
774-516: A post in his cabinet, but many of its members broke away and became the main force of the MNLF. On September 23, 1972, Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines, including Muslim Mindanao, under martial law . During this tumultuous period, relationships and alliances played a critical role in shaping the events. Tun Mustapha, then Chief Minister of Sabah, shared
860-539: A result, the proportion of indigenous peoples in Mindanao to shrink from majority in 1913 to minority by 1976. The best lands in Mindanao were given to settlers and owners of corporate agriculture, while most development investments and government services were offered to the Christian population. This caused the Muslim population to be backward and rank among the poorest in their own country. The resettlement programme
946-693: A revised version of the BBL, known as the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region Law (Senate Bill No. 2894 ), was presented on August 11, 2015 after lengthy deliberations on the BBL in the Committee on Local Government, and was due for interpellation on August 17, 2015. Due to the length and complexity of the bill, however, the Senate temporarily deferred the period of interpellation for the bill. The 16th Congress went on recess without passing
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#17327726054531032-463: A testing ground for the wider debate on constitutional reform and federalism in the Philippines . On September 9, 2024, the Supreme Court of the Philippines , voting unanimously, mostly upheld the constitutionality of the Bangsamoro Organic Law but declared the province of Sulu to not be part of the autonomous region because of its simple majority vote against its inclusion therein during
1118-494: Is the case for Cebuano because of the mass arrival of Cebuano settlers to Mindanao. Tausug are at ease in speaking Cebuano, because both Tausug and Cebuano are Visayan languages . Chabacano may be the lingua franca of the natives in Sulu Archipelago, along with Tagalog, but it is the main lingua franca in Basilan. Many locals and barter traders in Sulu Archipelago can also speak Sabah Malay . See also: Malay language in
1204-562: The 2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite . The recently coined term Bangsamoro is derived from the Old Malay word bangsa (" race " or "nation") and Moro (the collective term for the various predominantly Muslim ethnic groups in the Philippines, from Spanish moro , " Moor " ). For the most part of Philippines' history, the region and most of Mindanao have been a separate territory, which enabled it to develop its own culture and identity. The westernmost and west-central areas have been
1290-491: The 63 barangays in Cotabato which are part of Bangsamoro. The golden yellow of both elements situated in the center of the flag's white section signifies "bright future" for the region. The kris is to be displayed in the center of the bottom red portion of the flag. The width of the sword is 60 percent of the flag's width. It signifies the region's protection and resistance against "tyranny, oppression, and injustice". Under
1376-520: The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). The signing came at the end of peace talks held in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia from October 2–6. These talks were the last of 32 peace talks between the two parties, which spanned a period of nine years. The Framework Agreement was later fleshed out by four Annexes and an addendum: On March 27, 2014, a final peace agreement fully fleshing out
1462-483: The Bangsamoro Basic Law ( BBL ), and officially designated as Republic Act No. 11054 , is a Philippine law that provided for the establishment of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). Legislative efforts for the establishment of a Bangsamoro autonomous region was first proposed and deliberated upon by the 16th Congress of the Philippines but failed to pass into law. The issue
1548-627: The Bangsamoro Organic Law , the Bangsamoro regional flag should be displayed alongside the Philippine national flag . As per law all public offices, schools, colleges, and universities, government-owned and controlled corporations and other government bodies under the Bangsamoro region are mandated to display the Bangsamoro flag. The flag could also be used in ceremonial and symbolic activities when necessary. Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ^ Two-part plebiscite held in two dates. The first part held on January 21, 2019,
1634-506: The Special Geographic Area (SGA), despite North Cotabato and their respective parent municipalities not being under the administrative jurisdiction of the autonomous region. The barangays were reconstituted into eight municipalities following a plebiscite on April 13, 2024 . Additionally Sulu province was de facto part of Bangsamoro from 2019 to 2024. † 63 barangays of Cotabato province are part of
1720-509: The Supreme Court ruled against the constitutionality of the inclusion of Sulu in BARMM due to the simple majority of residents voting against the province's inclusion in the region during the 2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite . The status of which administrative region Sulu belongs to is unclear although the Commission on Elections en banc had the consensus that Sulu should revert to
1806-549: The Zamboanga Peninsula , the region it belonged to prior its inclusion in the ARMM back in 1989. Bangsamoro consists of five provinces, three component cities , 116 municipalities , and 2,490 barangays . The city of Isabela , despite being part of Basilan , is not under the administrative jurisdiction of the autonomous region. Likewise, 63 barangays in North Cotabato also are part of Bangsamoro as
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#17327726054531892-569: The third State of the Nation Address (SONA) by President Duterte, with the Senate ratified the bicameral conference committee report on the morning of July 23, 2018, but the House, under the speakership of Pantaleon Alvarez , failed to ratify the bicameral conference committee report before SONA. While the Palace was dismayed by the delayed ratification of the report by the House, Alvarez
1978-619: The " Jabidah Massacre ." According to Jibin Arula's account, the Marcos administration had gathered a group of Tausūg recruits for an operation called "Project Merdeka" ( merdeka being the Malay "freedom"). The military began training them on the island of Corregidor to form a secret commando unit called Jabidah , which would destabilize and take over Sabah . The trainees eventually rejected their mission, for reasons that are still debated by historians today. Jibin Arula said that whatever
2064-434: The "principles which guided the Bangsamoro who struggled for self-determination " and the seven points of the star represents the component local governments of the region at the time of its creation in 2019; the provinces of Basilan , Lanao del Sur , Maguindanao (now divided into Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur in 2022), Sulu (formerly part of the region until 2024) and Tawi Tawi , Cotabato City and
2150-542: The ARMM to BARMM took place on February 26, 2019, which meant the full abolition of the former. The inauguration of BARMM and the inaugural session of the Bangsamoro Parliament took place on March 29, 2019. Murad Ebrahim took office as the region's first chief minister. In 2020, the Bangsamoro parliament requested that the BTA be extended for an additional three years past 2022, to allow further time for
2236-556: The Ansar El Islam (Helpers of Islam) along with Sayyid Sharif Capt. Kalingalan Caluang ,Rashid Lucman, Salipada Pendatun, Hamid Kamlian, Udtog Matalam, and Atty. Macapantun Abbas Jr. Accordingly, "it is a mass movement for the preservation and development of Islam in the Philippines". The advocacy of Ansar El Islam would, later on, inspire the creation of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and
2322-475: The BOL was "deemed ratified" on January 25, 2019. The provincial government of Sulu , where majority voted against inclusion, was also not in favor of the law, with its governor challenging the constitutionality of the law before the Supreme Court . Despite voting against inclusion, Sulu was still included in the Bangsamoro region due to rules stated in the BOL, sparking outrage from residents. In February 2019,
2408-615: The Bangsamoro Liberation Organization (BMLO), which later joined forces with the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). Cotabato governor Datu Udtog Matalam saw the anger of the Muslim people of Mindanao and established the Muslim Independence Movement (MIM), which openly called for the secession of the region to create a Muslim state. The MIM did not last long because Datu Udtog Matalam negotiated with Marcos and accepted
2494-566: The Bangsamoro by a sheer majority, with one town even voting for inclusion by 100%. A major camp of the MILF was within the Muslim areas of Lanao del Norte. With the ratification of the BOL following the plebiscite on January 21, 2019, the abolition process of the ARMM began, paving way for the setting up of the Bangsamoro autonomous region. Under the BOL, a transitional body, the Bangsamoro Transition Authority (BTA),
2580-399: The Bangsamoro region. As a result of the second part of the plebiscite, 63 barangays of Cotabato province were handed over to the Bangsamoro government, adding to the autonomous region's territory. The Bangsamoro took the place of the ARMM as the only Muslim-majority autonomous region in the Philippines. Currently in transition until 2025, the Bangsamoro government has been considered
2666-495: The Bangsamoros struggled with their economy, land, and ownership, and the persistence of hostile and unjust actions compared to the Christian communities in Mindanao. As an effect of the resettlement, traditional Muslim leaders (also referred as datu ) were also voted out during the polls as Christians, who made up a significant majority of the voters, preferred the Christian politicians over them. These local datus suffered
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2752-813: The Lumads, the largest of which are the Teduray . The settlers are primarily Christian which includes various ethnic groups such as the Tagalog , the Ilocanos , the Visayans , the Zamboangueños , and the Chinese . The Moro and Lumad speak their native languages. Non-native languages spoken are Ilocano , Chabacano , Hiligaynon , Cebuano , and Tagalog , of which the latter two serve as lingua francas . This
2838-403: The MILF. Then Lanao del Sur congressman Rashid Lucman called for Congress to begin proceedings to impeach President Marcos after the exposé implied that Marcos was ultimately responsible for the massacre. When his proposal didn't get enough congressional support, he became convinced that Muslims should rule themselves in Muslim Mindanao - a conviction which led him to eventually establish
2924-678: The Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain (MOA-AD). The agreement would be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court many weeks later. The deal would have led to the creation of the Bangsamoro Juridical Entity (BJE). Under the administration of President Benigno Aquino III , two deals were agreed upon between the national government and the MILF: the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro , which
3010-695: The Moro separatist movement. On December 23, 1976, the Tripoli Agreement was signed between the Philippine government and the MNLF with the deal brokered by then-Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi . Under a deal an autonomous region was to be created in Mindanao. Marcos would later implement the agreement by creating two regional autonomous governments, rather than one, in Regions 9 and 12, which cover ten (instead of thirteen) provinces. This led to
3096-627: The Peace Process has pointed out that the Bangsamoro region as an entity under the Philippine national government is authorized to have its own flag under the Flag and Heraldic Code (Republic Act No. 8491). In February 2019, the Bangsamoro Transition Authority launched a design competition for a new flag for Bangsamoro, along with competitions for a new hymn and seal of the region. The Bangsamoro Cabinet selected among
3182-599: The Philippine Islands had only been in existence for two years in 1903 when it initiated the "Homestead Program," which was meant to encourage migration of landless populations from non-Muslim areas of the country into the Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao. Lanao and Cotabato in particular saw an influx of migrants from Luzon and Visayas . This influx of migrants led to tensions about land ownership and disenfranchisement of Lumads and Muslims, because
3268-591: The Philippines Between the ratification of the BOL and the inauguration of its first permanent government in 2025, the BTA will head the region. After the ratification of the BOL, the Bangsamoro Transition Commission (BTC) begins to transition the ARMM into the BARMM. Bangsamoro Organic Law The Bangsamoro Organic Law ( BOL ; Filipino : Batayang Batas para sa Rehiyong Awtonomo ng Bangsamoro ), also known as
3354-456: The Philippines. Some Muslim groups turned to extortion and violence to protect their land and avoid being displaced. These activities prevented the Muslims from easily integrating with the rest of the country. The Philippine government did not immediately recognize Islamic laws which resulted in the system of education and the socioeconomic development of the Muslims. Children studying in public schools were forced to learn about Christianity while
3440-493: The area which led to the conversion of the native population to Islam . In 1457, the Sultanate of Sulu was founded, and not long after that, the sultanates of Maguindanao and Buayan were also established. At the time when most of the Philippines was under Spanish rule , these sultanates maintained their independence and regularly challenged Spanish domination of the Philippines by conducting raids on Spanish coastal towns in
3526-643: The basic structure of government for Bangsamoro, following the agreements set forth in the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro peace agreement signed between the government of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in 2014. A two-part plebiscite was held on January 21 (for ARMM areas) and February 6 (for Cotabato and the six municipalities in Lanao del Norte, including areas who petitioned to join
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3612-509: The bill on February 2, 2016. On Sunday, January 25, 2015, three platoons of the elite Special Action Force (SAF) under the Philippine National Police entered the guerrilla enclave of Tukanalipao, Mindanao , Philippines , with the goal of detaining two high-ranking Jemaah Islamiyah -affiliated, improvised-explosive-device experts, Zulkifli Abdhir (also known as Marwan) and Abdul Basit Usman . The SAF troops raided
3698-547: The bill. The passing of BBL will set a precedent for federalism as pushed by the administration. On October 15, 2012, a preliminary peace agreement was signed in the Malacañan Palace between the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Government of the Philippines . This was the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro , which called for the creation of an autonomous political entity named Bangsamoro , replacing
3784-410: The collapse of the peace pact and the resumption of hostilities between the MNLF and Philippine government forces . In signing the 1976 Tripoli Agreement, however, Misuari did not consult one of the MNLF's key commanders, Salamat Hashim . Salamat formed a splinter faction along with 57 other MNLF ground commanders, which then became the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). A year after Marcos
3870-524: The destruction and dismemberment of the Philippines. They also view the provision as unconstitutional saying that the constitution must be amended since it only consent to one autonomous region in Mindanao viewing the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region as a distinct political entity to the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . It also criticized the powers given to the Bangsamoro regional legislature which it says are originally reserved to
3956-677: The early stages of the Pacific War of the Second World War, troops of the Japanese Imperial Forces invaded and overran Mindanao, and the native Moro Muslims waged an insurgency against the Japanese . Three years later, in 1945, combined United States and Philippine Commonwealth Army troops liberated Mindanao, and with the help of local guerrilla units, ultimately defeated the Japanese forces occupying
4042-596: The feet of a SAF member then shooting the head twice while taking the video. Supposedly as a result of the negative media coverage arising from the Mamasapano incident, the March 2015 survey conducted by public opinions polling group Pulse Asia found that 44% of Filipinos were opposed to the Bangsamoro Basic Law's passage, with only 22% supporting its passage. Opposition to the law was strongest among
4128-451: The government would establish an autonomous Bangsamoro . Power sharing was a central point to the autonomy redesign. Numerous indigenous groups in the Bangsamoro region do not adhere to Catholicism nor Islam, making them vulnerable to exploitation in a proposed Muslim-controlled regional government. In 2015, various indigenous people groups rejected the formation of the Bangsamoro due to lack of consultation with all stakeholders, especially
4214-450: The hut where they believed Marwan was located, and the man they believed to be Marwan engaged them in a firefight and was killed. However, the shooting alerted armed forces in the area. What followed was a bloody encounter that left 44 SAF, 18 MILF, and 5 BIFF dead, where the 44 SAF members were trapped with little ammunition between the rogue BIFF and a group of MILF fighters. A video was released afterwards which showed MILF fighters shooting
4300-410: The interim body, Bangsamoro Transition Authority . Bangsamoro , officially the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM; Filipino : Rehiyong Awtonomo ng Bangsamoro sa Muslim Mindanao ; Arabic : منطقة باڠسامورو ذاتية الحكم في مينداناو المسلمة , Minṭaqah Banjisāmūrū dhātiyyah al-ḥukm ), is an autonomous region in the Philippines , located in the southwestern portion of
4386-497: The island of Mindanao . Replacing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), the BARMM was formed with the ratification of its basic law, the Bangsamoro Organic Law , following a two-part legally binding plebiscite in Western Mindanao held on January 21 and February 6, 2019. The ratification was confirmed a few days later on January 25 by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). The establishment of Bangsamoro
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#17327726054534472-400: The mostly-Christian migrants established claims on the land, whereas the native peoples of Mindanao didn't have a land titling system in place at the time. This US-led Homestead Program, which was later continued or copied by Philippine administrations after independence, is therefore often cited as one of the root-causes of what would later become the larger Moro conflict . In 1942, during
4558-407: The national government and the MILF in 2014. After continued negotiations and debates over certain provisions, the Congress of the Philippines created and ratified a basic law for the region, now referred to as the Bangsamoro Organic Law ; the bill was signed into law on July 26, 2018. Despite questions on the region's constitutionality, as it would have adopted a parliamentary system in an area of
4644-484: The non-Muslim indigenous people who form a huge minority in the proposed region, Meaning, they oppose the possible enforcement of the Sharia Law . On July 12, 2018, a bicameral conference committee approved the application of Shariah law to all Muslims in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region . The Islamic laws shall not apply on non-Muslims, but they "may volunteer to submit to the jurisdiction of Shari'ah courts." Roman Catholics and numerous Christian groups form
4730-415: The north and repulsing repeated Spanish incursions in their territory. It was not until the last quarter of the 19th century that the Sultanate of Sulu formally recognized Spanish suzerainty , but these areas remained loosely controlled by the Spanish as their sovereignty was limited to military stations and garrisons and pockets of civilian settlements in Zamboanga and Cotabato , until they had to abandon
4816-435: The only Muslim-majority provinces at the time. A plebiscite was held in 1989 for the ratification of the charter which created the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), with Zacaria Candao, a counsel of the MNLF as the first elected regional governor. On September 2, 1996, a final peace deal was signed between the MNLF and the Philippine government under President Fidel Ramos . MNLF leader and founder Nur Misuari
4902-401: The poor (45% in Class D, 43% in Class E) and among those living in Mindanao (62%). Awareness of the law was high, at 88%. With the collapse in popularity of the bill, House Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. acknowledged the prospect that the bill might be rejected by Congress in the face of stiff public opposition, and hoped that the government would produce a "Plan B". The passage of BBL
4988-473: The presidency of Aquino's successor, Rodrigo Duterte , a new draft for the BBL was made and became legislated into law as the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL) in 2018. A plebiscite to ratify the BOL was held on January 21, 2019, with a majority of ARMM voters deciding for the ratification of the law. Voters in Cotabato City voted to join the new autonomous region, while voters in Isabela City voted against inclusion. The Commission on Elections proclaimed that
5074-399: The proposed Bangsamoro Autonomous Region. Following the signing of the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro after talks between the government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) in 2012, the Bangsamoro Transition Commission (BTC) was instituted by President Benigno Aquino to create a draft for a Bangsamoro Basic Law. In March 2014, the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro
5160-415: The ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Law, there was opposition to then proposed Bangsamoro region to having its own flag. The Philippine Constitution Association and Buhay Partylist Representative Lito Atienza argued that a separate flag for the Bangsamoro region is unconstitutional. Atienza says that a separate flag for the region would hinder national unity. The Office of the Presidential Adviser on
5246-454: The reasons behind their objections, all of the recruits aside from him were killed, and he escaped only by pretending to be dead. Marcos loyalist Juan Ponce Enrile , who served as Justice Secretary and Defense Minister during the Marcos administration , claimed this was a hoax, which was reputed as fake news and an attempt "absolve him (Enrile) of his crimes as the architect of martial law". In Lanao del Sur, Domocao Alonto established
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#17327726054535332-424: The region as a consequence of their defeat in the Spanish–American War . The Moros had a history of resistance against Spanish, American, and Japanese rule for over 400 years. The violent armed struggle against the Japanese , Filipinos , Spanish , and Americans is considered by modern Moro Muslim leaders as part of the four centuries long "national liberation movement" of the Bangsamoro (Moro Nation), although
5418-446: The region), creating Bangsamoro and formally abolishing the ARMM. The various portions of BBL as proposed by the Bangsamoro Transition Commission which had been assigned to draft the bill include sections covering (but not limited to) Bangsamoro identity, Bangsamoro territory, Bangsamoro government, Bangsamoro justice system, Bangsamoro basic rights, Bangsamoro economic, financial, and fiscal framework and provisions relating transition to
5504-435: The region. As per the organic law, the people "at the advent of the Spanish colonization , were considered natives or original inhabitants of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago and its adjacent islands, shall have the right to identify themselves, their spouses and descendants" as part of the Bangsamoro people. The Moro people are an umbrella term for ethnic groups who are mainly Muslim. The Maranaos and Iranun form
5590-510: The region. Under pressure to resolve agrarian unrest in various parts of the country and noting that Mindanao was rich in mineral resources and weather favorable to agriculture, later Philippine presidents continued the promotion of migration which the American colonial government began in 1903. Massive arrivals of non-Muslim migrants happened particularly during the Commonwealth period under President Manuel Quezon and later under right-wing presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Ferdinand Marcos . As
5676-411: The same day, the flag was officially hoisted in front of the BARMM Executive Building . Provisionally, the flag of the former Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao had been used to represent the region prior to the adoption of the current flag. The approved design for the Bangsamoro regional flag as per Bangsamoro Autonomy Act No. 1 is a green, white, and red horizontal tricolor of equal height with
5762-469: The second round of the plebiscite was held in the province of Lanao del Norte and some towns in North Cotabato . The plebiscite resulted in the inclusion of 63 of 67 barangays in North Cotabato that participated. It also resulted in the rejection from the province of Lanao del Norte against the bid of six of its Muslim-majority towns to join the Bangsamoro, despite the six towns ( Baloi , Munai , Nunungan , Pantar , Tagoloan and Tangcal ) opting to join
5848-508: The submissions a design for the flag. Equal representation of Bangsamoro's ethnic groups and tribes were a priority in flag adoption process. The Bangsamoro Parliament passed Parliament Bill No. 7 which is also known as "An Act Adopting an Official Flag of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao". The measure was passed on its third and final reading on August 22, 2019 and was signed into law on August 28, 2019 by Chief Minister Murad Ebrahim as Bangsamoro Autonomy Act No. 1 . On
5934-420: The term is only used in mainland Mindanao as those in the Sulu archipelago had a much distinct culture. The 400-year-long resistance against the Japanese, Americans, and Spanish by the Moro Muslims persisted and morphed into a war for independence against the Philippine state. The Filipinos in the northern and central Philippines either volunteered or were forced to surrender the existing city-states to become
6020-418: The terms of the framework agreement and annexes, known as the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro (CAB) was signed between the two parties. Under the agreement, the Islamic separatists would turn over their firearms to a third party, which would be selected by the rebels and the Philippine government. The MILF had agreed to decommission its armed wing, the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF). In return,
6106-409: The traditional homeland of Muslim Filipinos since the 15th century, even before the arrival of the Spanish, who began to colonize most of the Philippines in 1565. Majority of Mindanao was the homeland of indigenous Lumad groups, who were neither Christians nor Muslims . Muslim merchant arrived in Tawi-Tawi in 1380 and started doing business while also preaching Islam teaching to the native of
6192-399: The transition. On October 28, 2021, Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11593, postponing BARMM's first regular parliamentary elections from 2022 to 2025. The law also extended the transition period of the Bangsamoro until 2025. Following a plebiscite on September 17, 2022 , Maguindanao was split into two provinces; Maguindanao del Sur and Maguindanao del Norte . On September 9, 2024,
6278-507: Was already defunct, one of its former members, Nur Misuari , established the MNLF a month after the declaration of Martial Law, on October 21, 1972. Proclamation 1081 dissolved the various political groups that had been previously established in the Moro provinces, and with the MIM having already been dissolved, Marcos' declaration of martial law effectively assured the MNLF, which was more radical than its predecessors, would come to dominate
6364-408: Was elected regional governor three days after the agreement. Another plebiscite was held in 2001 for the expansion of the region, with the city of Marawi and the province of Basilan (excluding Isabela ) joining the region. In 1996, peace talks between the Philippine government and MNLF's rival group, the MILF, began. The first deal between the national government and the MILF was made in 2008:
6450-537: Was for the ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Law , the charter legislation of the region while the second part was to determine the final possible expanded scope of the region's territory. January 21, 2019, is recognized as the "Bangsamoro Foundation Day" as per the Bangsamoro Administrative Code. ^ Effective dissolution of the predecessor autonomous region, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and turnover of governance to
6536-616: Was formulated but failed to gain traction to become law, owing in part to the Mamasapano clash that occurred in January 2015 that involved the murder of 44 mostly-Christian Special Action Force (SAF) personnel by allegedly combined forces of the MILF and the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) after an operation to kill Malaysian militant Zulkifli Abdhir , known by the alias "Marwan". Under
6622-410: Was not entirely peaceful as some settlers managed to obtain land from the native Muslims through harassment and other violent efforts which drove the Muslims out of their own lands. The Muslims felt alienated by the Philippine government and felt threatened by the migrants' economic and political domination in their own homeland, the same way the Lumads were displaced centuries ago when Islam arrived in
6708-521: Was not initially set to be tackled by the 17th Congress . After being pushed by President Rodrigo Duterte , the Congress began reading BBL for the first time in the House of Representatives (as House Bill No. 6475) and the Senate (as Senate Bill No. 1717) on October 3, 2017, and February 28, 2018, respectively. BBL passed the second and third readings in both the House and the Senate on May 30 and 31, 2018. Both bills were supposed to be enacted before
6794-510: Was organized pending the election of the new region's government officials in 2022. The second part of the plebiscite held on February 6, 2019, expanded the scope of the future Bangsamoro region to include 63 barangays in North Cotabato. The members of the BTA took their oaths on February 22, 2019, along with the ceremonial confirmation of the plebiscite results of both the January 21, and February 6, 2019, votes. The official turnover from
6880-563: Was ousted from power during the People Power Revolution , the government under President Corazon Aquino signed the 1987 Jeddah Accord in Saudi Arabia with the MNLF, agreeing to hold further discussions on the proposal for autonomy to the entirety of Mindanao and not just the thirteen provinces stated in the 1976 Tripoli Agreement. In 1989, however, an act establishing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
6966-542: Was ousted from the Speaker's seat and replaced by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo . As promised by Arroyo once she took the Speaker's seat, the report was ratified on July 24, 2018, paving the way for both Bills of the House and the Senate to be transmitted to the President for enactment. President Duterte signed the Bangsamoro Organic Law on July 26, 2018, after asking for 48 hours during his SONA to review
7052-411: Was passed. The MNLF demanded that the thirteen Tripoli Agreement provinces, majority of which were Christian provinces, be included in the ARMM, but the government refused; eight of those provinces were predominantly Christian . Shortly thereafter, the government held only four provinces as only Lanao del Sur , Maguindanao , Sulu and Tawi-tawi voted to be included in the ARMM. The four provinces were
7138-471: Was signed on October 15, 2012, and the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro , on March 27, 2014, which included plans regarding the establishment of a new autonomous region. In 2012, Aquino announced intentions to establish a new autonomous political entity to be named Bangsamoro to replace the ARMM , which he called a "failed experiment". Under his administration, a draft for a Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL)
7224-559: Was signed which would serve as basis for the BBL. In August, the BTC's second draft was handed over to President Aquino. The draft of the law was submitted by President Benigno Aquino III to Congress leaders on September 10, 2014. An ad hoc committee assigned to the bill by the House of Representatives passed its version of the bill, House Bill No. 5811, on May 20, 2015. In the Senate ,
7310-439: Was taken up once again in the 17th Congress . The legislation was ratified by both the Senate and the House of Representatives on July 23 and 24, 2018 respectively. The bill was finally signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 26, 2018. The provisions of the law became effective on August 10, 2018. As an organic act , the basic law abolished the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and provided for
7396-414: Was the culmination of several years of peace talks between the Philippine government and several autonomist groups; in particular the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), which rejected the validity of the ARMM and called for the creation of a region with more powers devolved from the national government. A framework agreement known as the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro was negotiated between
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