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90-549: Bardera is an important agricultural centre living up to its name Bar meaning “palm tree”, and Dhere meaning “tall” a reference to the ubiquitous palm trees that have grown expansively in the area. The river banks are lined by beautiful palm trees and so are the farms of this town that lies at an intersection of all major roads that links Somalia to Elwak and Mandera in Kenya, Kismayo, Baidoa, Barawe and Dinsoor within Somalia. During

180-464: A centre for Islamic scholarship, it also had roads that connected the Benadir ports built by Ajuran. Bardhere provided many goods to the coastal provinces and many merchants across the region came to Bardera for trade. Bardera continued its agricultural and commercial legacy under Geledi Sultanate rule where it was surrounded by a citadel and with increased link between the coast and interior, both

270-533: A coalition and marched towards Bardera. The citadel was besieged and then burned to the ground, solidifying Sultan Yusuf's paramount authority in southern Somalia following his Conquest of Bardera . Following the defeat of the Bardera recovered and remained relatively quiet until the eventual end of the Geledi Sultanate and subsequent incorporation into Italian Somaliland . After independence in 1960,

360-510: A flourishing trade with foreign nations. The southeastern city-states of Kilwa , Mombasa , Malindi , Pate and Lamu were all systematically sacked and plundered by the Portuguese. Tristão da Cunha then set his eyes on Ajuran territory, where the Battle of Barawa was fought. After a long period of engagement, the Portuguese soldiers burned the city and looted it. Fierce resistance by

450-480: A major producer of livestock and profit-making animal byproducts such as butter, skins and hide. This was evident during the central government rule from independence in 1960 to the overthrow of Somali central government in 1991. Duplication of services will not take place between Bardera District Veterinary Center and volunteer services by Jubba Valley Veterinary Institute from Bardera Polytechnic School of Veterinary Medicine. The needs of herders for veterinary services

540-472: A rented facility inside the city of Bardera. Bardera Polytechnic's policy is give vocational training, real marketable skills for 16 to 60 age population. Over the years, there have been a few health and language training schools in Bardera . None offered a structured curriculum. Bardera Polytechnic offers one- to three-year study programs. Certificate and diplomas are granted at Bardera Polytechnic. Ever since

630-483: A section containing Bardera's famous onion product. Since the start of the civil war in Somalia, produce from Bardera to large urban centers like Mogadishu, Kismayo, or Baidoa were diverted to Kenyan markets such as Wajir, Garissa, Mombasa, and Nairobi. Sorghum, corn or maize, different types of onions, beans, sesame, tobacco, and fruits such as bananas, watermelon, oranges, papayas, and mangoes, from Bardera farms reach markets as far as Djibouti, about 3,000 km away to

720-762: A skillful combination of warfare , trade linkages and alliances . In the fifteenth century, for example, the Ajuran Empire was the only hydraulic empire in Africa at the time. As a water dynasty, the Ajuran state monopolized the water resources of the Shebelle and Jubba rivers . Through hydraulic engineering , it constructed many of the limestone wells and cisterns of the state that remain in use til today. The rulers developed new systems for agriculture and taxation, which continued to be used in parts of

810-421: Is a non-profit tertiary polytechnic education centre located in Bardera , Somalia . The college's full name is Bardera Polytechnic College (BPC). Bardera Polytechnic is the first post-secondary institution in Bardera and the larger Gedo region. Bardera Polytechnic is the first post-civil war vocational training school in southern Somalia . For ages, Bardera was a center of higher learning. Bardera city

900-464: Is always greater than the services these two institutions will be offering to herders who are always on the move between grasslands on the Jubba River and in the interior of Jubba Valley regions. Observations of disease presence in animals, inoculations, veterinary medicine with minimal fees and advice to herders are some of the services Bardera Polytechnic offers to herders in the region. The school

990-625: Is characterized by warm weather and high humidity, having a hot arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ) despite receiving around 380 millimetres or 15 inches of annual rainfall, owing to its extremely high potential evapotranspiration . Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed , Former Prime minister of Somalia. Sheikh Abukar Abdirahim , figh,hadith lecturer in maay dialect. Sheikh Abdilow isaagow , poet in maay dialect. Farah Hussein Sharmarke , Philosopher, Poet. Fatimo Isaak Bihi , First Somali female ambassador, Ambassador to Geneva, Director of

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1080-754: Is conducting fundraising activities for money to buy one basic vehicle to transport technicians into the fields. Currently, herders in southern Somalia and those in North Eastern Province of Kenya are suffering greatly, especially with the droughts in the last few years (such as the major droughts of 2005 and 2008). Animals travel great distances to find water and lands suitable for grazing. Desperate herders cross international boundaries between Somalia and Kenya. Any herds carrying local diseases could have devastating effects on host animals. It's essential to have joint efforts for information sharing and awareness between institutes and centers dealing with

1170-460: Is famously associated with the study of Islamic jurisprudence, Arabic grammar and syntax. Bardera Islamic centers are famous and students seeking knowledge as well as moalims (teachers) seeking employment used to come here from across Somalia. For centuries, Sufi students traveled from far distances and from all points on the Horn as a whole. Every Somali who came of age before the 1950s knows

1260-683: Is no functioning ministry of education in Somalia, Bardera Polytechnic administration and supporters created regional curicullum office to further the standards and operations for schools currently in operation in the region from Balad Hawo to Bardera. The first general meeting for all concerned will be held on September 22, 2010. Expected participants include administrators, principals and school board members from HIRDA, SEHO, University of Gedo and Markabley Educational Foundation. Also invited are individual educators, governmental agencies and all other interested parties from Gedo and surrounding regions. Gedo Education Committee (GEC) leader Ahmed Abdirahman Kaynan

1350-415: Is on the western side of Bardera city on the road to El Wak. The center functions under directorship of Bardera Polytechnic and its School of Veterinary Medicine. Before the collapse of the central government in Somalia, herders had an army of helping hands from the central government Ministry of Livestock and Forestry Management. Mashruuca Gosha iyo Gendiga was a Somali central government project which

1440-754: Is planned to play a role in the education and economic development of Gedo region's largest district. Skills requiring one to two-year schooling will further enhance the economic opportunities of this farming community. Top three most needed skills in Bardera region are related in the areas of health (including veterinary), agriculture and construction. Bardera District has sizable farming population. There are over 90 towns and villages in Bardera District. Only Bardera, Sarinley, Dar and Fafahdhun have any schooling as of 2007. Aside from agricultural and livestock management courses, Bardera Polytechnic will train students in other programs where short-term skills training

1530-399: Is the goal. There are internship programs in the following fields which range in training period from 6 months to one year: Initial enrollment was limited to 80 students who have either completed high school in previous years and or those who are mature adults who have had work experience relating to their interested fields of study. Some 30 students for continuing education were registered at

1620-575: The Arabs and Swahilis under Portuguese rule and sent an envoy to the Turkish corsair Mir Ali Bey for a joint expedition against the Portuguese. He agreed and was joined by a Somali fleet in order to attack the Portuguese colonies in Southeast Africa . The Somali-Ottoman offensive managed to drive out the Portuguese from several important cities such as Pate , Mombasa and Kilwa . However,

1710-488: The Horn of Africa as late as the 19th century. The rule of the later Ajuran rulers caused multiple rebellions to break out within the empire, and at the end of the 17th century, Ajuran disintegrated into several successor states, the most notable being the Geledi Sultanate . Bardera Polytechnic Bardera Polytechnic ( Somali : Kuliyada Farsamada Baardheere , Arabic : كلية لعلوم التطبيقية بارطيرآ )

1800-494: The Horn of Africa was among the largest in the region. At the height of its reach, the empire covered most of southern Somalia as well as eastern Ethiopia , with its domain at one point extending from Hafun in the north to Kismayo in the south, and Qelafo in the west. The European Age of Discovery brought Europe's then superpower the Portuguese Empire to the coast of East Africa, which enjoyed

1890-809: The Muzaffar clients in Mogadishu and other coastal cities by the Abgaal imam who then established the Hiraab Imamate taking residence in Mogadishu was a significant setback, and the defeat of the Silis Kingdom by a former Ajuran general in the interior of the state, Ibrahim Adeer , who established the Gobroon dynasty . Taxation and the practice of primae noctis were the main catalysts for

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1980-654: The Near East , East Asia , and the wider world. The Ajuran are believed to be the first Africans to have contact with China . The Ajuran Empire traces its name back to the Arabic word; إيجار (Ījārā), which means to rent or tax. A name well deserved for the exorbitant tributes paid to the Empire. The Ajuran is regarded as a successor to its more influential predecessor, the Adal Sultanate . The precise origins of

2070-606: The Ottoman Empire , and with the import of firearms through the Muzzaffar port of Mogadishu , the army began acquiring muskets and cannons . The Ottomans would also remain a key ally during the Ajuran-Portuguese wars . Horses used for military purposes were raised in the interior, and numerous stone fortifications were erected to provide shelter for the army in the coastal districts. In each province,

2160-469: The Shabelle river , large homes and stone fortifications along with the creation of large stone wells, many of which were still in use well into the 20th century. Notably, the Ajuran were the first to impose a regular system of tribute on the surrounding population. The empire fielded a powerful army, which may have employed firearms towards the end of its dominant period around 1650. As a 'water dynasty',

2250-558: The Somali National University or Jaamacada Ummada had great presence in Bardera. The university used to dispatch team of agricultural and veterinary scientists and their students to help farmers and herders to formulate better management ways. The base for this team was Markableey Hotel, near the Bardera Arc. The center will be established with the help of Bardera Polytechnic. The Gedo region has always been

2340-472: The Somali calendar . This irrigation system was supported by numerous dikes and dams. To determine the average size of a farm, a land measurement system was also invented with moos , taraab and guldeed being the terms used. The Ajuran State had a standing army with which the governors ruled and protected their subjects. The bulk of the army consisted of recruited soldiers who did not have any loyalties to

2430-571: The 16th and 17th centuries the Ajurans successively defied Portuguese hegemony on the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. The late 15th and 17th centuries saw the arrival of Muslim families from Arabia , Persia , India and Spain to the Ajuran realm of territories,

2520-699: The African Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Aden Ibrahim Aw Hirsi , Author, Somali Politician. Ahmed Warsame , Head of the Somali Military Academy. Mohamud Ali Magan , Somali Foreign Affairs, Consul General to United States Of America and Canada. Ali shire Warsame , Somali Politician Ajuran Empire The Ajuran Sultanate ( Somali : Saldanadda Ajuuraan , Arabic : سلطنة الأجورانية ), natively referred to as Ajuuraan , and often simply Ajuran ,

2610-720: The Ajuran Empire minted its own Ajuran currency . It also utilized the Mogadishan currency originally minted by the Sultanate of Mogadishu , which later became incorporated into the Ajuran Empire. Mogadishan coins have been found as far away as the present-day country of the United Arab Emirates in the Middle East . The urban centers of Merca , Mogadishu , Barawa , and their respective ports became profitable trade outlets for commodities originating from

2700-600: The Ajuran Empire sent ambassadors to China to establish diplomatic ties, creating the first ever recorded African community in China and the most notable Somali ambassador in medieval China was Sa'id of Mogadishu who was the first African man to set foot in China in medieval history. In return, Emperor Yongle, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), dispatched one of the largest fleets in history to trade with

2790-472: The Ajuran Empire successfully resisted Oromo invasions from the west and fought against Portuguese incursions from the east. The Ajuran were among the great centres of commerce in the contemporary African world. Trading routes dating from ancient and early medieval periods of Somali maritime enterprise were strengthened and re-established, foreign trade and commerce in the coastal provinces flourished with ships sailing to and from kingdoms and empires in

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2880-631: The Ajuran Empire. Its origin lies in the Garen Kingdom that during the 13th century ruled parts of the Somali Region of Ethiopia . With the migration of Somalis from the northern half of the Horn region southwards, new cultural and religious orders were introduced, influencing the administrative structure of the dynasty . A system of governance began to evolve into an Islamic government. Through their genealogical Baraka , which came from

2970-690: The Ajuran monopolized the Jubba and Shabelle rivers through hydraulic engineering. Historically, the Sultanate of Mogadishu was confined by the Adal Sultanate in the north. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Ajurans routinely aligned themselves politically with the Adalites. Described as one country by Ibn Battuta , a journey to Mogadishu from the town of Zeila took him eight weeks to complete. The Ajuran Empire's sphere of influence in

3060-411: The Ajuran vary as they are rooted in traditional Somali folklore. It was in the 13th century the Ajuran first appeared and began gaining power. For several centuries they exerted strong political influence on the inland pastoralists, while also embracing coastal trade and infrastructure. The sultanate functioned for approximately three centuries. The House of Garen was the ruling hereditary dynasty of

3150-537: The Bale Sultanate not being directly under Ajuran rule, the two kingdoms were deeply connected and Bale was heavily influenced by Ajuran. His tomb lies in the town of Sheikh Hussein in what is considered the most sacred place in the country for Ethiopian Muslims, in particular those of Oromo ethnic descent. In the mid-17th century, the Oromo people collectively began expanding from their homeland towards

3240-566: The Benadir ports and Bardera flourished with the city serving as the key ivory hub in the southern part of the Horn . In the 1830s, a new militant extremist group rose in the citadel of Bardera, overlooking the Jubba River , and began imposing their interpretation of Islam on the surrounding regions, including the coastal city of Barawa , which they subdued and captured in 1840. In response, Sultan Yusuf Mahamud gathered his armies into

3330-530: The Empire were Mogadishu and Barawa . The state religion was Islam , and thus law was based on Sharia . Through their control of the region's wells, the Garen rulers effectively held a monopoly over their nomadic subjects as they were the only hydraulic empire in Africa during their reign. Large wells made out of limestone were constructed throughout the state, which attracted Somali and Oromo nomads with their livestock. The centralized regulations of

3420-406: The Garen rulers by the coastal sultans of the state. A political device that was implemented by the Garen rulers in their realm was a form of ius primae noctis , which enabled them to create marriages that enforced their hegemonic rule over all the important groups of the empire. The rulers would also claim a large portion of the bride's wealth, which at the time was 100 camels. For trade,

3510-413: The Horn as a whole. Every Somali who came of age before the 1950s, knows the importance of Bardera as a religious education center. Later generations found different kind of class spaces at Somali National University (SNU), Lafole, Lafole Agricultural College and Sidam management training school. Bardera is situated 2-3 degrees latitude north of the equator and at a longitude of 42-43 degrees. Bardera

3600-499: The Indian Ocean , and commercial enterprise as far as East Asia . The Ajuran Empire also minted its own Ajuran currency . Many medieval bronze coins inscribed with the names of Ajuran Sultans have been found in the coastal Benadir province , in addition to pieces from Muslim rulers of Southern Arabia and Persia . Through the use of commercial vessels, compasses, multiple port cities, light houses and other technology,

3690-514: The Middle Ages, Bardera and its surrounding area was part of the Ajuran Empire that governed much of southern Somalia and eastern Ethiopia , with its domain extending from Hobyo in the north, to Qelafo in the west, to Kismayo in the south. Bardera was one of the most important cities in the Jubba river during the Ajuran period. It was an agricultural and commercial center. Known as

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3780-512: The Portuguese governor sent envoys to Portuguese India requesting a large Portuguese fleet. This request was answered and it reversed the previous offensive of the Muslims into one of defense. The Portuguese armada managed to re-take most of the lost cities and began punishing their leaders, but they refrained from attacking Mogadishu, securing the city's autonomy in the Indian Ocean. The Ottoman Empire would remain an economic partner. Throughout

3870-441: The Portuguese who sent a punitive expedition under João de Sepúlveda, where he bombarded Mogadishu and captured Turkish vessels, compelling its ruler to sign a peace deal with the Portuguese. Barawa would also sign peace with the Portuguese after being sacked. The Ottoman-Somali cooperation against the Portuguese on the Indian Ocean reached a high point in the 1580s when Ajuran clients of the coastal cities began to cooperate with

3960-559: The Somali coast in exchange for grain and wood. Trading relations were established with Malacca in the 15th century, with cloth, ambergris and porcelain being the main commodities of the trade. In addition, giraffes, zebras and incense were exported to the Ming Empire of China. Hindu merchants from Surat and Southeast African merchants from Pate seeking to bypass both the Portuguese blockade and Omani interference used

4050-545: The Somali nation. The fleet, under the leadership of the famed Hui Muslim Zheng He , arrived at Mogadishu while the city was at its peak in economic and social vibrancy. Along with gold , frankincense and fabrics , Zheng brought back the first ever African wildlife to China, which included hippos , giraffes and gazelles . The Ajurans developed a very rich culture combining various forms of Somali culture with Islamic architecture , astronomy , and art. Society evolved and flourished during this period. The majority of

4140-645: The Somali ruling elite and commoners. The most famous Somali scholar of Islam from the Ajuraan period is Sheikh Hussein , who was born in Merca , one of the power jurisdiction and cultural centers of the Ajuran Empire. He is credited with converting the Sidamo people living in the area of what is now the Bale Province, Ethiopia to Islam . He is also credited with establishing the Sultanate of Bale . Despite

4230-463: The academic settings of an ordinary university or college. Sound Islamic studies are the goals desired by community educators in Bardera and in the region as a whole. BPC was founded in July 2008. This college was established to cover the higher education needs of the Bardera area community, which has been growing since the start of the 1990s. BPC was in the plans for two years before it was established on

4320-833: The beginning of 2008–2009 school year as well. Bardera Polytechnic intends to fill the great need for educated citizens in the Jubba Regions and beyond. Similarly, Bardera Polytechnic plans to include its student body fast numbers of girls, as women have taken many leading roles at community services which have supported the betterment of the Somali people ever since the collapse of the central government. Women run many businesses and organizations in Somalia. Hospitals in Hargeisa, Bardera, Mogadishu, Kismayo, Belet Weyn and other large cities in Somalia currently employ mostly or exclusively female nurses, pharmacists, administrators and medical technicians as there are no trained doctors present in

4410-546: The cities and towns were abandoned or destroyed: The Ajuran Empire relied on agriculture and trade for most of its income. Major agricultural towns were located on the Shebelle and Jubba rivers , including Kismayo and Afgooye . Situated at the junction of some of the busiest medieval trade routes, the Ajuran and its clients were active participants in the East African gold trade , the Silk Road commerce , trade in

4500-545: The city was made the center of the official Bardera District . Bardera became the first place in Somalia were onions were grown commercially. This production began to increase rapidly but eventually fell off in the 1980s due to failed agricultural policies of the Somali government. The actual quality soil is in a narrow strip on either side of the river where pumps can feed private farms. Other produce such as sorghum can be found in Markabley/Hayranta although still in

4590-407: The city. Nevertheless, Tristão opted to storm and attempt to conquer the city, although every officer and soldier in his army opposed this, fearing certain defeat if they were to engage their opponents in battle. Tristão heeded their advice and sailed for Socotra instead. Over the next decades tensions remained high and the increased contact between Somali sailors and Ottoman corsairs worried

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4680-551: The coastal markets, which generated enormous wealth for the merchants. Mogadishu, the center of a thriving weaving industry known as toob benadir (specialized for the markets in Egypt and Syria ), together with Merca and Barawa also served as transit stops for Swahili merchants from Mombasa and Malindi and for the gold trade from Kilwa . There were Jewish merchants from the Hormuz who brought their Indian textile and fruits to

4770-551: The collapse of the education system of Somalia , HIRDA , an NGO based in Bardera and Widsom College of Languages , a private language training school have nurtured the student population of Bardera. During the 1980s, the Somali National University ( SNU ) and its campuses around Mogadishu had over 15,000 students in its student body. Since the collapse of the central education system in Somalia, newly established regional colleges and universities have taken up

4860-439: The community. Institutes and centers initiated during the first phase are: Jubba Valley Veterinary Institute (JVVI) will work closely with Bardera District Veterinary Center, a district-level authority on animal welfare services. The Bardera District Agricultural Institute will develop mechanisms to help the individual farming persons and farming associations. Bardera Polytechnic's founding of Jubba Valley Veterinary Institute

4950-547: The country. Somali female doctors and nurses are increasingly taking leadership roles at health centers throughout Somalia whether in the north, central or south. Dr. Hawa Abdi Dhiblawe is famous for simply being there for the greatly suffering people of Mogadishu. Another example is work done by a former nurse, Edna Adan , who established Edna Adan Maternity Hospital and with great success. A third such example brings us back to Bardera, two successive administrators of East Bardera Hospital were women. Nurse Lul Abdullahi Barre and

5040-435: The district. German Explorer Carl Von Der Decken was killed at this same site in 1860, remnants of his wrecked ship still remain. The economy of Bardera is largely agriculture-based. Animal husbandry also figures prominently, with livestock kept for meat, milk and butter. Agriculture There are two types of farming which exist in Bardera area: Irrigated farming and seasonal farming. Many medium- and small-scale farms near

5130-435: The following Departments and Schools with varying degrees of development. Second phase initiative include the establishment of the following programs and/or centers at the earliest feasible time. Currently, the initial phase programs at BPU include: In addition, the school has two collaborating centers dealing with Adult Continuing Education Centre and Public (government) Services Training Center. Bardera Polytechnic College

5220-548: The importance of Bardera as a religious education center. Later generations found different kinds of class spaces at Somali National University (SNU), Lafole , Lafole Agricultural College and Sidam , a management training school. Taking note of the history of Bardera city, Bardera Polytechnic foresees a way of combining the old methods of study in Halaqa Learning in Circles with the new ways of thought forming in

5310-414: The inhabitants were ethnic Somali but there were also Yemeni , Persian , and Turkish minorities. The vast majority of the population adhered to Sunni Islam with a Shia minority. The Somali language was the most commonly spoken language while Arabic was prominently used for commercial and religious purposes. The traditional martial art Istunka , also known as Dabshid , was born during

5400-458: The interior of the State. The farming communities of the hinterland brought their products to the coastal cities, where they were sold to local merchants who maintained a lucrative foreign commerce with ships sailing to and coming from Arabia , India , Venice , Persia , Egypt , Portugal , and as far away as China . Vasco da Gama , who passed by Mogadishu in the 15th century noted that it

5490-521: The landscapes of southern Somalia today are attributed to the Ajuran Empire's engineers, including a number of the pillar tomb fields, necropolises and ruined cities built in that era. During the Ajuran period, many regions and people in the southern part of the Horn of Africa converted to Islam because of the theocratic nature of the government. The royal family , the House of Garen, expanded its territories and established its hegemonic rule through

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5580-417: The last two decades, caused BPC to design the current pharmacy program and the objective being to return the community and hospital pharmacies, the good position they used to be. All other medical programs at Bardera Polytechnic emphasize the importance of ethics in all aspects of business activities, whether dealing with private entities or non-for-profit institutions that carry out public services. As there

5670-515: The local populace and soldiers resulted in the failure of the Portuguese to permanently occupy the city, and the inhabitants who had fled to the interior eventually returned and rebuilt the city. After Barawa , Tristão set sail for Mogadishu , the richest city on the East African coast. Word had spread of what had happened in Barawa, and a large troop mobilization took place. Many horsemen, soldiers and battleships in defense positions were guarding

5760-540: The longest time, and now the college system is formulating joint collaborations between farming associations and the Bardera Polytechnic Agricultural Department in the field of Agricultural Science. Juba Valley Agricultural Institute ( Italian : Juba Valle Istituto Agrario) is part of the college system and the focus is developing the economic sectors of the district and region which was neglected for close to two decades. To show

5850-522: The majority of whom settled in the coastal provinces. Some migrated because of the instability in their respective regions, as was the case with the Hadhrami families from Yemen and the Muslims from Spain fleeing the Inquisition . Others came to conduct business or for religious purposes. Due to their strong tradition in religious learning, the new Muslim communities also enjoyed high status among

5940-566: The medieval period. With the centralized supervision of the Ajuran, farms in Afgooye , Kismayo and other areas in the Jubba and Shabelle valleys increased their productivity. A system of irrigation ditches known locally as Kelliyo fed directly from the Shebelle and Jubba rivers into the plantations where sorghum , maize , beans, grain and cotton were grown during the gu ( Spring in Somali) and xagaa ( Summer in Somali) seasons of

6030-584: The merchants of the Ajuran Empire did brisk business with traders from the following states: With their maritime pursuits, the Ajuran Empire established trading and diplomatic ties across the old world, especially in Asia, from being close allies of the grand power of the Ottomans to having cordial ties with the mighty Ming Dynasty , paving the way for merchants from Ajuran to embark on great maritime expeditions, as far away as Java and Vietnam . The ruler of

6120-424: The north of Somalia. Bardera for ages was a center of higher learning, The city is famously associated with the study of Islamic jurisprudence. Bardera's Islamic centers attracted students seeking knowledge and teachers seeking employment used to come from across Somalia. Bardera has 20 elementary schools, seventeen primary and secondary schools. Bardera polytechnic college was founded in July 2008. This college

6210-425: The oldest on the continent, with Masjid Fakhr al-Din being one of the oldest mosques in Africa. Artistic carving was considered the craft of men similar to how the Somali textile industry was mainly a women's business. Amongst the nomads , carving, especially woodwork , was widespread and could be found on the most basic objects such as spoons, combs and bowls, but it also included more complex structures such as

6300-402: The portable nomadic tent, the aqal . In the Merca area, various pillar tombs still exist, which local tradition holds were built in the 16th century, when the Ajuran Empire's naa'ibs governed the district. The empire left an extensive architectural legacy , being one of the major medieval Somali powers engaged in castle and fortress building. Many of the ruined fortifications dotting

6390-482: The ports of Merca and Barawa (which were out of the two powers' jurisdiction) to conduct their trade in safety. The Ajuran Empire was an influential Somali kingdom that held sway over several cities and towns in central and southern Somalia during the Middle Ages. With the fall of the Sultanate, a number of these settlements continued to prosper, eventually becoming major cities in present-day Somalia. A few of

6480-409: The reign of Ajuran. An annual tournament is still held every year for it in Afgooye . Carving, known in Somali as Qoris , was practiced in the coastal cities of the state. Many wealthy urbanites in the medieval period regularly employed the finest wood and marble carvers in Somalia to work on their interiors and houses. The carvings on the mihrabs and pillars of ancient Somali mosques are some of

6570-551: The revolts against Ajuran rulers. The loss of port cities and fertile farms meant that much needed sources of revenue were lost to the rebels. Somali maritime enterprise significantly declined after the collapse of the Ajuran Empire. However, other polities such as the Isaaq Sultanate , Geledi Sultanate , Majeerteen Sultanate , Sultanate of Hobyo , and the Dervish state in a way ensured its continuity. By 1700, there

6660-432: The river use water pumping machines. These motors irrigate the land with canals, and farmers plant crops. The majority of farmers use a low-tech farming method of farming during the two rainy seasons . Small operation farms are found throughout Jubaland , far away from the river banks where families plant sorghum, maize, and beans on any land that is suitable for farming. Mogadishu's fruit and vegetable market used to have

6750-495: The saint Balad (who was known to have come from outside the Kingdom). The Ajuran gradually became a notable and respected empire. Around 1500, they rose to dominance in the interior of Banaadir region, after which they maintained a hegemony for approximately 150 years. The introduction of a great variety of technological innovations to the Somali territories are attributed to the empire, such as systems of dykes and dams on

6840-451: The soldiers were under the supervision of a military commander known as an emir . The coastal areas and the lucrative Indian Ocean trade were protected by a navy . The State collected tribute from the farmers in the form of harvested products like durra , sorghum and bun, and from the nomads, cattle, camels and goats. The collecting of tribute was done by a wazir . Luxury goods imported from foreign lands were also presented as gifts to

6930-445: The southern Jubaland . Juba Valley Veterinary Institute is a veterinary institute in Bardera, Somalia . The institute is part of Bardera Polytechnic specialized schools and institutes within the college system. Both Juba Valley Agricultural Institute and Jubba Valley Veterinary institute were part of the second phase of development at Bardera Polytechnic. For centuries, students traveled from far distances and from all points on

7020-572: The southern Somali coast at a time when the Ajurans were at the height of their power. The Garen rulers conducted several military expeditions known as the Gaal Madow Wars on the Oromo invaders, converting those that were captured to Islam . The Ajuran Empire slowly declined in power at the end of the 17th century. In this period the rulers of the empire abandoned Sharia , became oppressive and enacted heavy taxation. The dethronement of

7110-431: The strength of the farming sector in Bardera, 95% of Bardera households are able to buy their food stuff [2] . This indicates little technical help will yield even greater results of economic empowerment for the larger community. The Dean (Hormuud) of Bardera Polytechnic University, Mohamed Abdullahi Barre, is also the head of this department until suitable person is found. School year for 2008–2009, Bardera Polytechnic has

7200-406: The task of re-organizing the higher education system in Somalia. Bardera Polytechnic is founded to fulfill the education and training needs of Gedo region's largest district. Supporting the main economic engines of Bardera District is the goal of everyone at Bardera Polytechnic. Keeping this in mind, it was an urgent need to set up institutes and specialised centers to further develop the skills of

7290-449: The traditional Somali clan system, thereby making them more reliable. The soldiers were recruited from the inter-riverine area; other recruits came from the surrounding nomadic region. Arab , Persian and Turkish mercenaries were at times employed as well. In the early period, the army's weapons consisted of traditional Somali weapons such as swords , daggers , spears , battle axes , and bows . The Empire received assistance from

7380-431: The welfare of these communities. Animals near Jubba River around Bardera, Dolow or Kismayo could reach far distances and go as far as Tana River , such areas as Garissa or vice versa . Another center aimed at developing the economy of the region and furthering the skills of the community is Juba Valley Agricultural Institute . Somali farmers have been going and growing without technical support from any government for

7470-409: The wells made it easier for the nomads to settle disputes by taking their queries to government officials who would act as mediators. Long distance caravan trade, a long-time practice in the Horn of Africa, continued unchanged in Ajuran times. Today, numerous ruined and abandoned towns throughout the interior of Somalia and the Horn of Africa are evidence of a once-booming inland trade network dating from

7560-659: The woman who succeeded her is Nurse Fardowsa Abdinur Hashi . Keeping this in mind, Bardera Polytechnic plans to recruit women and girls for all programs including administrative and training positions. Summer intake period which falls onto February–March will include 40 women out of 60 spaces available for various medical training programs. Bardera Polytechnic's Pharmacy Program offers three-year pharmacy degree. The pharmacy program has ethics training in its core curriculum. Private pharmacies in Somalia have been operating in an industry that lacked an important factor, self-discipline. Horror stories told by countless people in Somalia for

7650-468: Was a large city with houses of four or five storeys high and big palaces in its centre and many mosques with cylindrical minarets. In the 16th century, Duarte Barbosa noted that many ships from the Kingdom of Cambaya sailed to Mogadishu with cloths and spices for which they in return received gold , wax and ivory . Barbosa also highlighted the abundance of meat, wheat, barley, horses, and fruit on

7740-479: Was a medieval Muslim Empire in the Horn of Africa . Founded by Somali Sultans it ruled over large parts of the Horn of Africa during the Middle Ages via control over water. Its rise to prominence began during the 13th and 14th century. By the 15th century, the Ajuran were Africa's only ' Hydraulic empire'. Through a strong centralized administration and an aggressive military stance towards invaders,

7830-467: Was another major boost for the economic lifeline of Southern Somalia. Herders of the main three livestock types in Somalia, camel , cattle and ari (goats and sheep) will have some help in safeguarding the animals they lose each year to preventable and treatable diseases. All of Jubba Valley , and the Gedo region in particular, has some of the largest livestock headcount in southern Somalia. This new center

7920-521: Was effectively no trace of Ajuran polity left in Baanadir . The Ajuran nobility used many of the typical Somali aristocratic and court titles , with the Garen rulers styled Imam . These leaders were the empire's highest authority, and counted multiple Sultans , Emirs , and Kings as clients or vassals . The Garen rulers also had seasonal palaces in Mareeg , Qelafo and Merca , important cities in

8010-485: Was established to cover the higher education needs of the Bardera area community, which has been growing since the start of the 1990s. Bardera polytechnic college s policy is give vocational training, real marketable skills for 16 to 60 age population. Juba Valley Agricultural Institute is an academic institute within the Bardera Polytechnic College in Bardera, Somalia . It is situated within

8100-515: Was founded in the early 1970s and it focused on treating and preventing diseases caused by large flies which were infested in Jubba Valley forests. This area of grassing land is used during barbax season (dry season) by camel herders from all neighboring regions such as the two Jubba regions, Gedo , Lower Shabeelle and Bay region. The project was later expanded to all major grassing lands in Somalia. Veterinary and Agricultural departments of

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