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26-712: The origin of the Beuron Congregation begins with the Archabbey of St. Martin, Beuron , founded in 1863, the first declarations of which in 1866 already had in view an expansion to a congregation. After a further foundation, that of Maredsous Abbey in Belgium , the first constitutions of the Beuronese Congregation were ratified in Rome in 1873. Further foundations outside Germany followed during

52-493: A few monks. Two years later, Maurus over the management of St. Martin's to his brother Placidus. Between 1875 and 1887 because of political conditions during the " Kulturkampf " ("cultural struggle") the monks had to leave. Most relocated to Volders in Austria. Princess von Hohenzollern took care of the administration of the buildings and lands during their absence until the monks could return in 1887. The monks of Beuron used

78-696: A new congregation . Yet even before its inception, the international character of the Annunciation Congregation was nascent. Gerard van Caloen , founder of St. Andrew's Abbey, dreamed of reviving the missionary apostolate of such early Benedictines as Boniface , Apostle of the Germans. While acting as the Beuronese Congregation's procurator in Rome , Van Caloen saw that the Brazilian Congregation

104-872: A new foundation established by Gerleve Abbey in 1951. The congregation also continued to be active outside Germany, in among other places Belgium , Austria , Portugal , Brazil and Japan ; in 1906 the Abbey of the Dormition (or Assumption ) (now Hagia Maria Sion Abbey ) in Jerusalem was founded. The congregation's first nunnery was St. Gabriel's Priory , later elevated to St. Gabriel's Abbey , established at Smíchov in Prague in 1889, which relocated in 1919–20 to Schloss Bertholdstein in Pertlstein in Styria . This

130-575: A priest, Romano Guardini visited the Abbey on retreats. A major figure of the Liturgical Movement, Guardini became an oblate and celebrated his first Mass with a chalice and paten made at the Abbey. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Beuron Art School , with its emphasis on early Christian and Byzantine art , was influential on religious art of the period. One of the biggest exhibits of this type of art in

156-647: Is also affiliated with the Congregation of the Annunciation. After the monks returned from Erdington Abbey, they founded in 1922 St. Martin's Abbey, in Weingarten. The Birmingham parish was turned over to the Redemptorists ; the former abbey is now Highclare School . After repeated wartime internments of the monks, in 1951, Dormition Abbey was separated from the Beuron Congregation and placed under

182-590: The Abbey of St Matthias (Germany), Egmond Abbey (Netherlands), the Abbey of Our Lady of Exile (Trinidad and Tobago), and St Benedict's Abbey, Singeverga (Portugal) have contributed their mature monastic communities to the Congregation. In 1968, the monastery of Mont César , Louvain (Belgium) withdrew from the Congregation to join the Flemish Province of the Subiaco Congregation. Under

208-744: The Belgian Congo . The abbey would go on to create monastic foundations in China, India, Poland, the United States, and Zaire. Likewise, Maredsous established an Irish foundation in 1927, which in turn has expanded to Nigeria. The Polish community at Tyniec near Kraków has founded two additional houses in Poland, and one in Slovakia. Over the years, the Annunciation Congregation has also expanded by incorporating previously existing abbeys. Thus,

234-645: The Benedictine Order located at Beuron in the upper Danube valley in Baden-Württemberg in Germany . It was founded by the brothers Maurus and Placidus Wolter . In 1862, with the assistance and support of Princess Katharina of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst , they were able to purchase the former Augustinian monastery in Beuron, vacant since 1802. The foundation was coordinated with

260-479: The Codex Iuris Canonici of 1983 , the revised statutes of the congregation and the declarations for monasteries and nunneries were approved. The statutes identify as tasks of the congregation the furtherance of the observation of the rule in the member houses, mutual help and joint solutions to tasks and problems, as well as exchanges between monasteries and nunneries. The General Chapter, consisting of

286-650: The Pontifical Athenaeum of Saint Anselm , established in 1888, both located at Sant'Anselmo all'Aventino in Rome. At the request of Pope Leo XIII in 1895, they also assisted in the revival of the Brazilian Congregation . During World War II, a number of refugee monks of the Beuronese Congregation, established a temporary priory in Keyport, New Jersey with the help of St. Mary's Abbey in Morristown. It

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312-645: The Archbishop of Freiburg. While the settlement in Beuron was still being prepared, Maurus Wolter spent three months at the French Benedictine Abbey of Solesmes in the autumn of 1862. Abbot Prosper Guéranger 's approach to Gregorian Chant made a deep impression on Wolter. St. Martin's Abbey opened in 1863 as a daughter-house of the Abbey of St. Paul Outside the Walls , with Maurus Wolter as prior. In 1868 Beuron became an abbey and Maurus Wolter

338-572: The Congregation, while a further ten are affiliated with the Congregation. In 1920, the Belgian Congregation of the Annunciation was founded by three of the great abbeys of Belgium : St. Andrew's Abbey in Bruges , Keizersberg Abbey , and Maredsous Abbey . These monasteries shared descent from the Abbey of Beuron . Their respective abbots, Theodore Neve, Robert de Kerchove, and Columba Marmion , chose to unite their communities into

364-530: The Constitutions of the Congregation of the Annunciation, canonical visitations of member houses are conducted four years. Likewise, the General Chapter convenes every four years. The General Chapter , organized at one of the Congregation's European abbeys, brings together a superior and an elected delegate from each of the Congregation's monasteries. The Abbot President of the Congregation of

390-774: The United States is at Conception Abbey in Missouri which was founded on principles established by Beuron. The abbey continues to be a centre of study. The library is the largest monastic library in Germany, with over 400,000 books. Since 1884 the abbey has published the Missale Romanum , a lay missal originally produced by Father Anselm Schott of Beuron. The abbey also houses the Vetus-Latina-Institut ( Ancient Latin Institute ), which has for its purpose

416-813: The collection and publication of all extant Old Latin translations of the Bible . Congregation of the Annunciation The Congregation of the Annunciation ( Congregatio Annuntiationis B.M.V. ), formerly known as the Belgian Congregation , is a congregation of monasteries within the Roman Catholic Benedictine Confederation . Founded in 1920, the Congregation includes fifteen independent male monasteries spread throughout ten countries. Additionally, two female monasteries are members of

442-663: The congregation were obliged to follow the customs, daily routine, service times and forms prescribed by Beuron. In 1936 the Archabbot system was replaced by that of the Presiding Abbot; the General Chapter, which as a rule assembles every six years, elects one of the officiating abbots of the congregation as Presiding Abbot until the time of the next chapter meeting. This makes the congregation more federalistic, and individual monasteries and nunneries are better able to develop an individual profile. In 1984, in accordance with

468-774: The direct supervision of the Abbot-Primate of the Benedictines in Rome. In 2007 the nuns of St. Gabriel's Priory left the Beuronese Congregation and joined the Federation of Sisters of St. Lioba. Beuron Archabbey Beuron Archabbey (in German Erzabtei Beuron , otherwise Erzabtei St. Martin ; in Latin Archiabbatia Sancti Martini Beuronensis ; Swabian : Erzabtei Beira ) is a major house of

494-473: The heads of each religious house, as well as elected representatives, is to meet every six years. Since 2003 the representatives of women's communities have had full voting rights. The foundations outside Germany and Austria later separated from the Beuronese Congregation, often for political reasons. In 1920, Maredsous Abbey became a founding member of the Congregation of the Annunciation . Maredret Abbey

520-609: The opportunity to found new communities elsewhere, such as Erdington Abbey in England. In 1880 the Beuron family took over Emmaus Monastery in Prague. In 1883 Seckau Abbey in Austria was resettled by the Benedictines from Beuron. After approval of the constitutions, in 1884 the Beuronese Congregation was founded. It is a member of the Benedictine Confederation . Beuron Abbey was reopened in 1887 and became

546-847: The period of "cultural struggle" ( Kulturkampf ) , when the community was driven out of Beuron. Most relocated to an old Servite monastery in Volders in the Austrian Tyrol. In 1876, some of the monks were given refuge in Erdington Abbey , Birmingham, England until after the First World War. After their return it was possible to found more monasteries inside Germany: Maria Laach Abbey (1893); Gerleve Abbey (1904); Neresheim Abbey (1920); Weingarten Abbey (1922); Neuburg Abbey (1926); and others. The last foundations were Tholey Abbey , resettled in 1949, and Nütschau Priory ,

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572-685: The seat of the Archabbot and the venue for the annual General Chapter of the Congregation. Beuron Abbey was a center of the 19th century Liturgical Movement , with Anselm Schott publishing a German translation of the Roman Missal since 1884. After the forced dissolution in the 1870s, Schott ultimately ended up in Maria Laach . The "Schott" German Missals and Prayers of the Faithful are still standard equipment in German parishes. Before becoming

598-465: Was closed in 1948. Initially, the congregation was under the management of the Abbot of Beuron, who acted as its Archabbot. The General Chapter, which took place at lengthy intervals and was attended by the congregation's officiating abbots, served the purpose of promoting general agreement among the communities and the regulation of outstanding questions. It was a strongly centralised system: all houses of

624-519: Was followed in 1893 by Maredret Abbey in Belgium, then in 1904 by St. Hildegard's Abbey, Eibingen and in 1924 St. Erentraud's Abbey, Kellenried . More recent foundations are Engelthal Abbey (1965) and Marienrode Priory (1988). Other nunneries were taken into the congregation as already existing communities. The Congregation generously help fund the College of Sant'Anselmo , founded in 1887, and

650-513: Was in need of assistance. Thus, in 1898, he facilitated the foundation of St. Andrew's Abbey as a procura for monastic restoration. Upon being raised to an abbey in 1901, St. Andrew's Abbey was incorporated into the Brazilian Congregation, but was detached from it in 1920 to form the Congregation of the Annunciation. Under Van Caloen's successor, Abbot Theodore Neve, the monks of St. Andrew's Abbey established mission stations in

676-520: Was ordained the first abbot. As St. Martin's Abbey began to distance itself from the motherhouse in Rome, it developed closer links with Abbot Prosper Guéranger and Solesmes . Wolter revived the ancient way of interpreting the Psalter , used it in contemporary form and utilized it in the training of novices. In 1872 St. Martin's was able to found a subsidiary monastery in Maredsous , Belgium, with

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