75-404: Be Here Now may refer to: Be Here Now (book) , a 1971 book on spirituality by Ram Dass Be Here Now , a 2015 documentary film about actor Andy Whitfield having cancer Be Here Now , a 2017 dance work choreographed by Trey McIntyre Albums [ edit ] Be Here Now (album) or the title song, by Oasis, 1997 Be Here Now , by
150-712: A M.S. in psychology at the Washington State College in Pullman , where he studied under educational psychologist Lee Cronbach . His M.S. thesis was on clinical applications of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale . In 1947, Marianne gave birth to their first child, Susan. Their son, Jack, arrived two years later. In 1950, Leary received a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of California, Berkeley . In
225-671: A "brave neuronaut ". President Richard Nixon called him "the most dangerous man in America". During the 1960s and 1970s, at the height of the counterculture movement , Leary was arrested 36 times. As a clinical psychologist at Harvard University , Leary founded the Harvard Psilocybin Project after a revealing experience with magic mushrooms he had in Mexico in 1960. He led the Project from 1960 to 1962, testing
300-466: A "countercultural bible" and "seminal" to the era. In addition to introducing its title phrase into common use, Be Here Now has influenced numerous other writers and yoga practitioners, including the industrialist Steve Jobs , the self-help author Wayne Dyer , and the poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti . The first section of the book inspired the lyrics to George Harrison 's song " Be Here Now ", written in 1971 and released on his 1973 album Living in
375-534: A chemical key—it opens the mind, frees the nervous system of its ordinary patterns and structures. Leary married model Birgitte Caroline "Nena" von Schlebrügge in 1964 at Millbrook. Both Nena and her brother Bjorn were friends of the Hitchcocks. D. A. Pennebaker , also a Hitchcock friend, and cinematographer Nicholas Proferes documented the event in the short film You're Nobody Till Somebody Loves You . Charles Mingus played piano. The marriage lasted
450-410: A class that was required for graduation and colleagues felt they were abusing their power by pressuring graduate students to take hallucinogens in the experiments. Leary and Alpert also went against policy by giving psychedelics to undergraduate students and did not select participants through random sampling . It was also ethically questionable that the researchers sometimes took hallucinogens along with
525-481: A combination of psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy (inside the prison) along with a comprehensive post-release follow-up support program modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous . The Concord conclusions were contested in a follow-up study on the basis of time differences monitoring the study group vs. the control group and differences between subjects re-incarcerated for parole violations and those imprisoned for new crimes. The researchers concluded that statistically only
600-608: A higher level of consciousness. They began introducing psychedelics to intellectuals and artists including Jack Kerouac , Maynard Ferguson , Charles Mingus and Charles Olson . Leary argued that psychedelic substances —in proper doses, a stable setting, and under the guidance of psychologists—could benefit behavior in ways not easily obtained by regular therapy. He experimented in treating alcoholism and reforming criminals, and many of his subjects said they had profound mystical and spiritual experiences that permanently improved their lives. The Concord Prison Experiment evaluated
675-459: A new sequence of behavior that reflects your vision." Repeated FBI raids ended the Millbrook era. Leary told author and Prankster Paul Krassner of a 1966 raid by Liddy, "He was a government agent entering our bedroom at midnight. We had every right to shoot him. But I've never owned a weapon in my life. I have never had and never will have a gun around." In November 1967, Leary engaged in
750-519: A slight improvement could be attributed to psilocybin, in contrast to the significant improvement reported by Leary and his colleagues. Rick Doblin suggested that Leary had fallen prey to the Halo Effect , skewing the results and clinical conclusions. Doblin further accused Leary of lacking "a higher standard" or "highest ethical standards in order to regain the trust of regulators". Ralph Metzner rebuked Doblin for these assertions: "In my opinion,
825-660: A sprawling 64-room mansion on an estate in Millbrook, New York , where they continued their psychedelic sessions. Peggy directed the International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF)'s New York branch, and Billy rented the estate to IFIF. Peggy persuaded her brothers to let Leary rent a room at the mansion. Leary and Alpert set up a communal group with former Psilocybin Project members at the Hitchcock Estate (commonly known as "Millbrook"). One of
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#1732791542726900-549: A statement his guide, Bhagavan Das , made during Ram Dass's journeys in India. The cover features a mandala incorporating the title, a chair, radial lines, and the word "Remember" repeated four times. Be Here Now has been described by multiple reviewers as "seminal", and helped popularize Eastern spirituality and yoga with the baby boomer generation in the West. The book is divided into four sections: The first section
975-638: A student) was its circulation manager. Leary's and Alpert's research attracted so much attention that many who wanted to participate in the experiments had to be turned away. To satisfy the curiosity of those who were turned away, a black market for psychedelics sprang up near the Harvard campus. Other professors in the Harvard Center for Research in Personality raised concerns about the experiments' legitimacy and safety. Leary and Alpert taught
1050-805: A televised debate on drug use with MIT professor Jerry Lettvin . At the end of 1967, Leary moved to Laguna Beach, California , and made many friends in Hollywood. "When he married his third wife, Rosemary Woodruff, in 1967, the event was directed by Ted Markland of Bonanza . All the guests were on acid." In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Leary formulated what became his eight-circuit model of consciousness in collaboration with writer Brian Barritt . The essay "The Seven Tongues of God" claimed that human brains have seven circuits producing seven levels of consciousness. This later became seven circuits in Leary's 1973 monograph Neurologic , which he wrote while he
1125-410: A trip to Mexico and told Leary about it. In August 1960, Leary traveled to Cuernavaca , Mexico, with Russo and consumed psilocybin mushrooms for the first time, an experience that drastically altered the course of his life. In 1965, Leary said that he had "learned more about ... [his] brain and its possibilities ... [and] more about psychology in the five hours after taking these mushrooms than ... in
1200-723: A tsunami. The IFIF was reconstituted as the Castalia Foundation after the intellectual colony in Hermann Hesse 's 1943 novel The Glass Bead Game . The Castalia group's journal was the Psychedelic Review . The core group at Millbrook wanted to cultivate the divinity within each person and regularly joined LSD sessions facilitated by Leary. The Castalia Foundation also hosted non-drug weekend retreats for meditation, yoga , and group therapy. Leary later wrote: We saw ourselves as anthropologists from
1275-561: A well-known figure of the counterculture of the 1960s . He popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy, such as " turn on, tune in, drop out ", " set and setting ", and " think for yourself and question authority ". He also wrote and spoke frequently about transhumanism , human space migration , intelligence increase, and life extension (SMI²LE). Leary was born in Springfield, Massachusetts , an only child in an Irish Catholic household. His father, Timothy "Tote" Leary,
1350-423: A wide variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms, including Psilocybe mexicana . Psilocybin was produced in a process developed by Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals , who was famous for synthesizing LSD. Beat poet Allen Ginsberg heard about the Harvard research project and asked to join. Leary was inspired by Ginsberg's enthusiasm, and the two shared an optimism that psychedelics could help people discover
1425-517: A year before von Schlebrügge divorced Leary in 1965. She married Indo-Tibetan Buddhist scholar and ex-monk Robert Thurman in 1967 and gave birth to Ganden Thurman that same year. Actress Uma Thurman , her second child, was born in 1970. Leary met Rosemary Woodruff in 1965 at a New York City art exhibit, and invited her to Millbrook. After moving in, she co-edited the manuscript for Leary's 1966 book Psychedelic Prayers: And Other Meditations with Ralph Metzner and Michael Horowitz . The poems in
1500-623: Is a manual for starting on a spiritual path, and includes various techniques for yoga , pranayama , and meditation, as well as quotations from respected teachers of many spiritual traditions. The last section, "Painted Cakes Do Not Satisfy Hunger" (a Zen commentary on liturgy ), contains a list of recommended books on religion, spirituality, and consciousness. The book lists are divided into "Books to hang out with", "Books to visit with now & then", and "Books it's useful to have met". The book has remained in print since its initial publication in 1971, with more than two million copies sold. The work
1575-452: Is a short autobiography, describing Alpert's successes as a psychologist, his research with Timothy Leary into psychedelics at Harvard , and his subsequent anxiety when this research did not resolve his spiritual questions. He then describes his first journey to India and his initiation into a Guru-chela relationship with Neem Karoli Baba , and spiritual renaming as "Baba Ram Dass" ("servant of Râm ", or "servant of god"). Ram Dass closes
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#17327915427261650-439: Is but a vehicle for sharing with you the true message ... the living faith in what is possible. --OM-- The second section, the largest, is a free-form collection of metaphysical , spiritual, and religious reflections accompanied by illustrations. The narrative flow, in the form of a continuous free-verse poem, addresses the reader directly, with Dass's insights gained through different spiritual traditions. The third section
1725-511: Is currently published by Three Rivers Press , an imprint of Random House . Ram Dass wrote two sequels to Be Here Now . The first was Still Here: Embracing Aging, Changing, and Dying (2000), and the second was Be Love Now: The Path of the Heart (2010). Be Here Now is one of the first guides for those not born Hindu to becoming a yogi . For its influence on the hippie movement and subsequent spiritual movements, it has been described as
1800-475: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Be Here Now (book) Be Here Now , or Remember, Be Here Now , is a 1971 book on spirituality , yoga , and meditation by the American yogi and spiritual teacher Ram Dass (born Richard Alpert). The core book was first printed in 1970 as From Bindu to Ojas and its title since 1971 comes from
1875-654: The Bay Area as an assistant clinical professor of medical psychology at the University of California, San Francisco ; concurrently, he co-founded Kaiser Hospital's psychology department in Oakland, California , and maintained a private consultancy. In 1952, the Leary family spent a year in Spain, living on a research grant. According to Berkeley colleague Marv Freedman, "Something had been stirred in him in terms of breaking out of being another cog in society." Leary's marriage
1950-770: The Kaiser Family Foundation . In 1957, he published The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality , which the Annual Review of Psychology called the "most important book on psychotherapy of the year". In 1958, the National Institute of Mental Health terminated Leary's research grant after he failed to meet with a NIMH investigator. Leary and his children relocated to Europe, where he attempted to write his next book while subsisting on small grants and insurance policies. His stay in Florence
2025-680: The New York Public Library include complete records of the IFIF, the Castalia Foundation, and the League for Spiritual Discovery. In late 1966 and early 1967, Leary toured college campuses presenting a multimedia performance called "The Death of the Mind", attempting an artistic replication of the LSD experience. He said that the League for Spiritual Discovery was limited to 360 members and
2100-514: The 21st century inhabiting a time module set somewhere in the dark ages of the 1960s. On this space colony we were attempting to create a new paganism and a new dedication to life as art. Lucy Sante of The New York Times later described the Millbrook estate as: the headquarters of Leary and gang for the better part of five years, a period filled with endless parties, epiphanies and breakdowns, emotional dramas of all sizes, and numerous raids and arrests, many of them on flimsy charges concocted by
2175-675: The Book "The Psychedelic Experience. A Manual Based on the Tibetan...". On September 19, 1966, Leary reorganized the IFIF/Castalia Foundation under the name the League for Spiritual Discovery , a religion with LSD as its holy sacrament , in part as an unsuccessful attempt to maintain legal status for the use of LSD and other psychedelics for the religion's adherents, based on a "freedom of religion" argument. Leary incorporated
2250-490: The Harvard Psilocybin Project and conducted experiments in conjunction with assistant professor Richard Alpert . In 1963, Leary was terminated for failing to attend scheduled class lectures, though he maintained that he had met his teaching obligations. The decision to dismiss him may have been influenced by his promotion of psychedelic drug use among Harvard students and faculty. The drugs were legal at
2325-437: The Harvard scandal. Leary believed that LSD showed potential for therapeutic use in psychiatry . He developed an eight-circuit model of consciousness in his 1977 book Exo-Psychology and gave lectures, occasionally calling himself a "performing philosopher". He also developed a philosophy of mind expansion and personal truth through LSD. After leaving Harvard, he continued to publicly promote psychedelic drugs and became
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2400-415: The IFIF's founding board members, Paul Lee , a Harvard theologian, a participant at Marsh Chapel and a member of the Leary circle, said of the group's formation: There was a big discussion about whether to go underground with it and make it a kind of secret initiation issue, or go public. But Leary was an Irish revolutionary and he wanted to shout it from the rooftops. So it went that way. It simply became
2475-559: The League for Spiritual Discovery as a religious organization in New York State , and its dogma was based on Leary's mantra: "drop out, turn on, tune in". ( The Brotherhood of Eternal Love later considered Leary its spiritual leader, but it did not develop out of the IFIF.) Nicholas Sand , the clandestine chemist for the Brotherhood of Eternal Love, followed Leary to Millbrook and joined the League for Spiritual Discovery. Sand
2550-487: The Material World . Timothy Leary Psychedelic film Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and author known for his strong advocacy of psychedelic drugs . Evaluations of Leary are polarized, ranging from "bold oracle" to "publicity hound". According to poet Allen Ginsberg , he was "a hero of American consciousness", and writer Tom Robbins called him
2625-667: The Mynabirds , 2017 Be Here Now , by Suzanne Little , 1995 Be Here Now: Solo Live , by Steve Forbert , 1994 Songs [ edit ] "Be Here Now" (Basement song) , 2018 "Be Here Now" (George Harrison song) , 1973 "Be Here Now", by As Tall as Lions from As Tall as Lions , 2006 "Be Here Now", by Hybrid from the Driveclub video game soundtrack, 2014 "Be Here Now", by Loop from A Gilded Eternity , 1990 "Be Here Now", by Mason Jennings from Boneclouds , 2006 "Be Here Now", by Ray LaMontagne from Till
2700-616: The Senate Naval Affairs Committee, who investigated personally. The Honor Committee quietly revised its position and announced that it would abide by the court-martial verdict. Leary then resigned and was honorably discharged by the Army. About 50 years later he said that it was "the only fair trial I've had in a court of law". To his family's chagrin, Leary transferred to the University of Alabama (UA) in late 1941 because it admitted him expeditiously. He enrolled in
2775-660: The Sun Turns Black , 2006 "Be Here Now", by Thessalonians from Soulcraft , 1993 See also [ edit ] Here Now (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Be Here Now . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Be_Here_Now&oldid=1220712374 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2850-548: The U.S. would face "another era of prohibition." Leary's testimony proved ineffective; on October 6, 1966, just months after the subcommittee hearings, LSD was banned in California, and by October 1968, it was banned nationwide by the Staggers-Dodd Bill. In 1966, Folkways Records recorded Leary reading from his book The Psychedelic Experience , and released the album The Psychedelic Experience: Readings from
2925-518: The book were inspired by the Tao Te Ching , and meant to be used as an aid to LSD trips. Woodruff helped Leary prepare weekend multimedia workshops simulating the psychedelic experience, which were presented around the East Coast. In September 1966, Leary said in a Playboy magazine interview that LSD could cure homosexuality. According to him, a lesbian became heterosexual after using
3000-487: The drug-use phenomenon, eventually with the intention of "stamping out" such usage by criminalizing it. Leary was one of several expert witnesses called to testify at these hearings. In his testimony, Leary said, "the challenge of the psychedelic chemicals is not just how to control them, but how to use them." He implored the subcommittee not to criminalize psychedelic drug use, which he felt would only serve to exponentially increase its usage among America's youth while removing
3075-435: The drug. Like most of the psychiatric field, he later decided that homosexuality was not an illness. By 1966, use of psychedelics by America's youth had reached such proportions that serious concern about the drugs and their effect on American culture was expressed in the national press and halls of government. In response to this concern, Senator Thomas Dodd convened Senate subcommittee hearings to try to better understand
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3150-438: The ego or identity. Such experiences of enlarged consciousness can occur in a variety of ways: sensory deprivation, yoga exercises, disciplined meditation, religious or aesthetic ecstasies, or spontaneously. Most recently they have become available to anyone through the ingestion of psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin , mescaline , DMT , etc. Of course, the drug does not produce the transcendent experience. It merely acts as
3225-568: The existing accepted standards of honesty and truthfulness are perfectly adequate. We have those standards, not to curry favor with regulators, but because it is the agreement within the scientific community that observations should be reported accurately and completely. There is no proof in any of this re-analysis that Leary unethically manipulated his data." Leary and Alpert founded the International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF) in 1962 in Cambridge, Massachusetts , to carry out studies in
3300-484: The first four that would be triggered at transition points as humans evolve further. These circuits, according to Leary, would equip humans to live in space and expand consciousness for further scientific and social progress. Leary suggested that some people might trigger these circuits sooner through meditation, yoga, or psychedelic drugs specific to each circuit. He suggested that the feelings of floating and uninhibited motion sometimes experienced with marijuana demonstrated
3375-521: The first section of the book with this passage: Now, though I am a beginner on the path, I have returned to the West for a time to work out karma or unfulfilled commitment. Part of this commitment is to share what I have learned with those of you who are on a similar journey. One can share a message through telling "our-story" as I have just done, or through the teaching methods of yoga, or singing, or making love. Each of us finds his unique vehicle for sharing with others his bit of wisdom. For me, this story
3450-583: The group, Leary coined the famous phrase " Turn on, tune in, drop out ". In a 1988 interview with Neil Strauss , he said the slogan was "given to him" by Marshall McLuhan when the two had lunch in New York City, adding, "Marshall was very much interested in ideas and marketing, and he started singing something like, 'Psychedelics hit the spot / Five hundred micrograms, that's a lot,' to the tune of [the well-known Pepsi 1950s singing commercial]. Then he started going, 'Tune in, turn on, and drop out.'" Though
3525-482: The local assistant district attorney, G. Gordon Liddy . Others contest the characterization of Millbrook as a party house. In The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test , Tom Wolfe portrays Leary as using psychedelics only for research, not recreation. When Ken Kesey 's Merry Pranksters visited the estate, they received a frosty reception. Leary had the flu and did not play host. After a private meeting with Kesey and Ken Babbs in his room, he promised to remain an ally in
3600-410: The more popular "turn on, tune in, drop out" became synonymous with Leary, his actual definition with the League for Spiritual Discovery was: " Drop Out —detach yourself from the external social drama which is as dehydrated and ersatz as TV. Turn On —find a sacrament which returns you to the temple of God, your own body. Go out of your mind. Get high. Tune In —be reborn. Drop back in to express it. Start
3675-624: The non-commissioned officer track while enrolled in the psychology subsection of the Army Specialized Training Program , including three months of study at Georgetown University and six months at Ohio State University . With limited need for officers late in the war, Leary was briefly assigned as a private first class to the Pacific War -bound 2d Combat Cargo Group (which he later characterized as "a suicide command ... whose main mission, as far as I could see,
3750-431: The postwar era, Leary was galvanized by the objectivity of modern physics ; his doctoral dissertation ( The Social Dimensions of Personality: Group Process and Structure ) approached group therapy as a "psychlotron" from which behavioral characteristics could be derived and quantified in a manner analogous to the periodic table , foreshadowing his later development of the interpersonal circumplex . Leary stayed on in
3825-408: The preceding 15 years of studying and doing research". Back at Harvard, Leary and his associates (notably Alpert) began a research program known as the Harvard Psilocybin Project . The goal was to analyze the effects of psilocybin on human subjects (first prisoners, and later Andover Newton Theological Seminary students) from a synthesized version of the drug, one of two active compounds found in
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#17327915427263900-417: The purpose of the higher four circuits. The function of the fifth circuit was to accustom humans to life at a zero gravity environment. Leary did not specify the location of the eight circuits in any brain structures, neural organization, or chemical pathways. He wrote that a higher intelligence "located in interstellar nuclear-gravitational-quantum structures" gave humans the eight circuits. A "U.F.O. message"
3975-537: The religious use of psychedelic drugs. This was run by Lisa Bieberman (now known as Licia Kuenning), a friend of Leary. The Harvard Crimson called her a "disciple" who ran a Psychedelic Information Center out of her home and published a national LSD newspaper. That publication was actually Leary and Alpert's journal Psychedelic Review and Bieberman (a graduate of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, who had volunteered for Leary as
4050-1165: The remainder of the war. While stationed in Butler, Leary courted Marianne Busch; they married in April 1945. Leary was discharged at the rank of sergeant in January 1946, having earned such standard decorations as the Good Conduct Medal , the American Defense Service Medal , the American Campaign Medal , and the World War II Victory Medal . As the war concluded, Leary was reinstated at UA and received credit for his Ohio State psychology coursework. He completed his degree via correspondence courses and graduated in August 1945. After receiving his undergraduate degree, Leary pursued an academic career. In 1946, he received
4125-648: The safeguards that controlled "set and setting" provided. When subcommittee member Ted Kennedy asked Leary whether LSD usage was "extremely dangerous", Leary replied, "Sir, the motorcar is dangerous if used improperly...Human stupidity and ignorance is the only danger human beings face in this world." To conclude his testimony, Leary suggested that legislation be enacted that would require LSD users to be adults who were competently trained and licensed, so that such individuals could use LSD "for serious purposes, such as spiritual growth, pursuit of knowledge, or their own personal development." He argued that without such licensing,
4200-535: The subjects they were studying. These concerns were printed in The Harvard Crimson , leading the university to halt the experiments. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health launched an investigation that was later dropped but the university eventually fired Leary and Alpert. According to Andrew Weil , Leary (who held an untenured teaching appointment) was fired for missing his scheduled lectures, while Alpert (a tenure-track assistant professor)
4275-713: The therapeutic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin , which were legal in the U.S., in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment . Other Harvard faculty questioned his research's scientific legitimacy and ethics because he took psychedelics himself along with his subjects and allegedly pressured students to join in. Harvard fired Leary and his colleague Richard Alpert (later known as Ram Dass) in May 1963. Many people only learned of psychedelics after
4350-623: The time. Leary's work in academic psychology expanded on the research of Harry Stack Sullivan and Karen Horney , which sought to better understand interpersonal processes to help diagnose disorders . Leary's dissertation developed the interpersonal circumplex model, later published in The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality . The book demonstrated how psychologists could use Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores to predict how respondents might react to various interpersonal situations. Leary's research
4425-591: The university's ROTC program, maintained top grades, and began to cultivate academic interests in psychology (under the aegis of the Middlebury and Harvard-educated Donald Ramsdell) and biology . Leary was expelled a year later for spending a night in the female dormitory and lost his student deferment in the midst of World War II . Leary was drafted into the United States Army and received basic training at Fort Eustis in 1943. He remained in
4500-475: The use of psilocybin and psychotherapy in the rehabilitation of released prisoners. Thirty-six prisoners were reported to have repented and sworn off criminality after Leary and his associates guided them through the psychedelic experience. The overall recidivism rate for American prisoners was 60%, whereas the rate for those in Leary's project reportedly dropped to 20%. The experimenters concluded that long-term reduction in criminal recidivism could be effected with
4575-404: The worst failing of the book is the omission of any kind of proof for the validity and reliability of the diagnostic system," Eysenck wrote. "It is simply not enough to say" that the accuracy of the system "can be checked by the reader" in clinical practice. In 1965, Leary co-edited The Psychedelic Reader . Penn State psychology researcher Jerome E. Singer reviewed the book and singled out Leary as
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#17327915427264650-512: The years ahead. In 1964, Leary, Alpert, and Ralph Metzner coauthored The Psychedelic Experience , based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead . In it, they wrote: A psychedelic experience is a journey to new realms of consciousness. The scope and content of the experience is limitless, but its characteristic features are the transcendence of verbal concepts, of spacetime dimensions, and of
4725-913: Was a dentist who left his wife Abigail Ferris when Timothy was 14. He graduated from Classical High School in Springfield. Leary attended the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts , from 1938 to 1940. He received a Jesuit education there, and was required to learn Latin, rhetoric, and Greek. Under pressure from his father, he left to become a cadet in the United States Military Academy . In his first months at West Point, he received numerous demerits for rule infractions and then got into serious trouble for failing to report rule breaking by cadets he supervised. He
4800-468: Was already at its membership limit, but encouraged others to form their own psychedelic religions. He published a pamphlet in 1967 called Start Your Own Religion to encourage people to do so. Leary was invited to attend the January 14, 1967 Human Be-In by Michael Bowen , the primary organizer of the event, a gathering of 30,000 hippies in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park . In speaking to
4875-470: Was also accused of going on a drinking binge and failing to admit it, and was asked by the Honor Committee to resign. He refused and was shunned by fellow cadets. He was acquitted by a court-martial, but the silencing continued, as well as the onslaught of demerits for small rule infractions. In his sophomore year, his mother appealed to a family friend, United States Senator David I. Walsh , head of
4950-505: Was an important harbinger of transactional analysis , directly prefiguring the popular work of Eric Berne . On May 13, 1957, Life magazine published " Seeking the Magic Mushroom ", an article by R. Gordon Wasson about the use of psilocybin mushrooms in religious rites of the indigenous Mazatec people of Mexico. Anthony Russo, a colleague of Leary's, had experimented with psychedelic Psilocybe mexicana mushrooms on
5025-598: Was designated the "alchemist" of the new religion. At the end of 1966, Nina Graboi , a friend and colleague of Leary's who had spent time with him at Millbrook, became the director of the Center for the League of Spiritual Discovery in Greenwich Village . The Center opened in March 1967. Leary and Alpert gave free weekly talks there; other guest speakers included Ralph Metzner and Allen Ginsberg. Leary's papers at
5100-569: Was dismissed for allegedly giving an undergraduate psilocybin in an off-campus apartment. Harvard President Nathan Pusey released a statement on May 27, 1963, reporting that Leary had left campus without authorization and "failed to keep his classroom appointments". His salary was terminated on April 30, 1963. Leary's psychedelic experimentation attracted the attention of three heirs to the Mellon fortune, siblings Peggy, Billy, and Tommy Hitchcock. In 1963, they gave Leary and his associates access to
5175-479: Was encoded in human DNA. Many researchers believed that Leary provided little scientific evidence for his claims. Even before he began working on psychedelics, he was known as a theoretician rather than a data collector. His most ambitious pre-psychedelic work was Interpersonal Diagnosis Of Personality . The reviewer for The British Medical Journal , H. J. Eysenck, wrote that Leary created a confusing and overly broad rubric for testing psychiatric conditions. "Perhaps
5250-807: Was in prison. The eight-circuit idea was not exhaustively formulated until the publication of Exo-Psychology by Leary and Robert Anton Wilson 's Cosmic Trigger in 1977. Wilson contributed to the model after befriending Leary in the early 1970s, and used it as a framework for further exposition in his book Prometheus Rising , among other works. Leary believed that the first four of these circuits ("the Larval Circuits" or "Terrestrial Circuits") are naturally accessed by most people at transition points in life such as puberty. The second four circuits ("the Stellar Circuits" or "Extra-Terrestrial Circuits"), Leary wrote, were "evolutionary offshoots" of
5325-686: Was originally distributed in pamphlet form by the Lama Foundation , then published as a book in 1971. Its original title was From Bindu to Ojas , with illustrations by Lama community residents. In 1971, when Be Here Now was first published by the Lama Foundation in New Mexico, some preliminary copies were sent to India. That original edition underwent several revisions as noted later by Ram Dass in Be Love Now (2010) : "When it
5400-610: Was read to Maharaj-ji , he told me to change some of the parts about Baba Hari Dass , who had been my sadhana tutor..." Those changes, introduced after "Hari Dass was no longer involved in the intense physical work and management of the Nainital temples", were presented without a critical revision. In 1977, the Lama Foundation gave the copyright and half the proceeds from the book to the Hanuman Foundation in support of its spiritual and humanitarian projects. The book
5475-482: Was strained by infidelity and mutual alcohol abuse . Marianne eventually died by suicide in 1955, leaving him to raise their son and daughter alone. He described himself during this period as "an anonymous institutional employee who drove to work each morning in a long line of commuter cars and drove home each night and drank martinis ... like several million middle-class, liberal, intellectual robots". From 1954 or 1955 to 1958, Leary directed psychiatric research at
5550-670: Was to eliminate the entire civilian branch of American aviation from post-war rivalry") at Syracuse Army Air Base in Mattydale, New York . After a fateful reunion with Ramsdell (who was assigned to Deshon General Hospital in Butler, Pennsylvania , as chief psychologist) in Buffalo, New York , he was promoted to corporal and reassigned to his mentor's command as a staff psychometrician . He remained in Deshon's deaf rehabilitation clinic for
5625-471: Was unproductive and indigent, prompting a return to academia. In late 1959, Leary started as a lecturer in clinical psychology at Harvard University at the behest of Frank Barron (a colleague from Berkeley) and David McClelland . Leary and his children lived in Newton, Massachusetts . In addition to teaching, Leary was affiliated with the Harvard Center for Research in Personality under McClelland. He oversaw
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