32-598: Beacon Fell is a fell in the civil parish of Goosnargh in Lancashire , England. The high ground, which rises to 266 m (873 ft), has been a country park since 1970. It is situated within the south westerly part of the Forest of Bowland , an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty . Beacon Fell is an isolated hill 2 miles (3 km) south of the main range of hills in the Forest of Bowland . Although, at 266 metres (873 ft) above sea level, small compared with
64-637: A collective rather than a specific location or specific summit (the "s" in til fjells is an old genitive form remaining only in fixed expressions). According to Ivar Aasen, berg refers to cliffs, bedrock and notable elevations of the surface underpinned by bedrock; berg also refers to the substance of bedrock. For all practical purposes, fjell can be translated as "mountain" and the Norwegian language has no other commonly used word for mountain. In Sweden, fjäll generally refers to any mountain or upland high enough that forest will not naturally survive at
96-551: A section of the M6 motorway and West Coast Main Line . It is a flat, alluvial plain , parts of which have deposits of and were once dug for peat . The River Wyre meanders across the Fylde from Garstang on the eastern edge, westwards towards Poulton and then northwards to the sea at Fleetwood . The area north and east of the tidal Wyre, known as Over Wyre , is the more rural side of
128-472: A word limited to far-Northern dialects of Finnish and Karelian, is a loan from Sami , compare Proto-Sami *tuontër , South Sami doedtere , Northern Sami duottar , Inari Sami tuodâr "uplands, mountains, tundra", Kildin Sami tūndâr , which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract" and is cognate with Finnish tanner "hard ground". From this Sami word, the word " tundra " is borrowed, as well, through
160-633: Is cognate with Danish fjeld , Faroese fjall and fjøll , Icelandic fjall and fell , Norwegian fjell with dialects fjøll , fjødd , fjedd , fjedl , fjill , fil(l) , and fel , and Swedish fjäll , all referring to mountains rising above the alpine tree line . In northern England, especially in the Lake District and in the Pennine Dales , the word "fell" originally referred to an area of uncultivated high ground used as common grazing usually on common land and above
192-635: Is recognised between Preesall, Thornton and Hambleton . Of more recent origin are clays, silts, sands and gravels forming both modern river floodplains and river terraces , most of which are associated with the River Wyre and its tributaries. Also post-glacial in age are the clays and silts of the broad tidal flats around Fleetwood and the Morecambe Bay coast and the Ribble estuary. Large areas of blown sand forming dune systems characterise
224-541: Is the case with the Seathwaite Fell. In other cases the reverse is true; for instance, the name of Wetherlam , in the Coniston Fells , though understood to refer to the mountain as a whole, strictly speaking refers to the summit; the slopes have names such as Tilberthwaite High Fell, Low Fell and Above Beck Fells. The word "fell" is also used in the names of various breeds of livestock , bred for life on
256-588: The Russian language . Hills that are over 50 m high, but do not reach the tree line are referred to as vaara , while the general term for hills including hills of 50 m or less is mäki . In place names, however, tunturi , vaara and vuori are used inconsistently, e.g. Rukatunturi is technically a vaara , as it lacks alpine tundra. The term förfjäll (literally "fore-fell") is used in Sweden and Finland to denote mountainous zones lower and less dissected than
288-608: The Sherwood Sandstones which " subcrop " in the east. The slightly younger mudstones and siltstones of the Mercia Mudstone Group are found west of a line drawn roughly between Freckleton, St Michael's on Wyre and Preesall . The group is subdivided into formations and members ; one in particular is of note, the "Preesall Halite member", traditionally referred to as the Preesall Salt. It
320-499: The University of Bergen , Anders Lundeberg, has summed up the problem by stating, "There simply is no fixed and unambiguous definition of fjell ." Ivar Aasen defined fjell as a "tall berg ", primarily referring to a berg that reaches an altitude where trees do not grow, lower berg are referred to as "berg", ås (hill, ridge) or hei (moor, heathland). The fixed expression til fjells refers to mountains (or uplands) as
352-487: The otter . Eleven species of dragonflies and damselflies have been found around the fell's tarn . Charges were introduced in the car parks nearest to the visitor centre in 2011. The fell features a number of sculptures by local artist Thompson Dagnall , Black Tiger and Kissing Seat (2006), Walking Snake (1998), Spruced up Heron (1996) and Orme Sight (1996) however the Owl (2013) which replaced Hanging Bat (1998)
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#1732790625230384-596: The Fulwood and Whittingham Water Act of 1882, water from the fell was collected in the existing Barnsfold Reservoirs, 1 mile (2 km) to the south-west, and from there piped to Fulwood and Whittingham Asylum via Horns Dam Reservoir in Goosnargh parish and a small covered reservoir in Haighton . Conifer woodland was planted on the fell to help manage drainage. From 1959, the fell was no longer required for water, and
416-421: The Fylde is rural, containing villages that include Freckleton , Warton , Wrea Green , Great Eccleston , Hambleton , Knott End and Pilling . The Fylde is underlain by sedimentary bedrock of Triassic age though it is everywhere concealed by a thick cover of superficial deposits (exceeding 30 metres (98 ft) thickness in places) laid down during the present Quaternary period. The older rocks are
448-760: The Kielder Forest is on the border between the Scottish Borders to the north and the English county of Northumberland to the south. In Norway, fjell , in common usage, is generally interpreted as simply a summit or area of greater altitude than a hill, which leads to a great deal of local variation in what is defined as a fjell . Fjell is mostly used about areas above the forest line . Distinct summits can be referred to as et fjell (a mountain). High plateaus ( vidde landscape) such as Hardangervidda are also regarded as fjell. Professor of geography at
480-451: The coastal zone north and east of Lytham St Annes whilst a thinner strip follows the north coast east from Fleetwood. Peat deposits are common in the shallow north–south valley occupied by Main Dyke just east of Blackpool and also forming the mosses in the northeast of the area. The Borough of Fylde is a local government area covering the south of the Fylde plain. The rest is covered by
512-478: The fell has been recorded as early as 1002. The fell formed part of a chain of beacons to warn of the approach of the Spanish Armada in 1588, and of French forces between 1795 and 1815. More recently, beacon chains have been lit in celebration of coronations and jubilees. In 1909, Fulwood Urban District Council bought the fell, which until then had been farmland, as a water supply. Under the provisions of
544-462: The fell proper. However, its more pronounced relief, its often higher amount of plateaux, and its coherent valley systems distinguishes the förfjäll also from the undulating hilly terrain ( bergkullsterräng ) and the plains with residual hills ( bergkullslätt ). Generally, the förfjäll do not surpass 1000 m ASL. As a geomorphic unit, the förfjäll extends across Sweden as a 650 km-long and 40 km to 80 km-broad belt from Dalarna in
576-558: The neighbouring fells, its position offers commanding views over the flat plain of the Fylde and Morecambe Bay to the west, as well as the Ribble valley to the south. From Beacon Fell there are extensive views On a clear day the Welsh hills, the Lake District hills and the Isle of Man may be visible. The high visibility of the fell made it an ideal location for a beacon. A beacon on
608-737: The old, highly eroded, gently shaped terrain without glaciers, as found in Finland. They are round inselbergs rising from the otherwise flat surroundings. The tree line can be at a rather low altitude, such as 600 m in Enontekiö, owing to the high latitude. The fells in Finnish Lapland form vestiges of the Karelides mountains, formed two billion years ago. The term tunturi is also generally used to refer to treeless plains at high altitudes in far north regions. The term tunturi , originally
640-491: The published method of production, may use this name. Fell A fell (from Old Norse fell , fjall , "mountain" ) is a high and barren landscape feature, such as a mountain or moor -covered hill. The term is most often employed in Fennoscandia , Iceland , the Isle of Man , parts of northern England , and Scotland . The English word "fell" comes from Old Norse fell and fjall (both forms existed). It
672-613: The rest of Great Britain as hillwalking . The word "fell" also enjoys limited use in Scotland; with, for example, the Campsie Fells in central Scotland, to the north-east of Glasgow. One of the most famous examples of the use of the word "fell" in Scotland is Goat Fell , the highest point on the Isle of Arran . Criffel and the nearby Long Fell in Galloway may be seen from the northern Lake District of England. Peel Fell in
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#1732790625230704-546: The river. The Fylde is roughly trisected by the M55 motorway and A586 road . The west coast is almost entirely urban, containing the towns of Fleetwood , Cleveleys , Blackpool , St Annes and Lytham ; with Thornton , Carleton and Poulton-le-Fylde not far inland. This area forms the Blackpool Urban Area . The central southern part of the Fylde includes the smaller towns of Kirkham and Wesham . The rest of
736-502: The site of a farmhouse a visitor centre was built. The park is popular with visitors. It has a network of well-maintained footpaths through largely coniferous woodland. The Bowland Visitor Centre provides information about the fell and the Forest of Bowland, and serves refreshments. Wildlife that may be observed on the fell includes rabbit , hare , roe deer , stoat , weasel , red fox , badger , hedgehog , mole , grey squirrel and
768-514: The south to Norrbotten in the north. The Fylde The Fylde ( / ˈ f aɪ l d / ) is a coastal plain in western Lancashire , England. It is roughly a 13-mile-long (21-kilometre) square -shaped peninsula , bounded by Morecambe Bay to the north, the Ribble estuary to the south, the Irish Sea to the west, and the foot of the Bowland hills to the east which approximates to
800-544: The summit – there are fine examples on Wild Boar Fell in Mallerstang Dale, Cumbria , and on Nine Standards Rigg just outside Kirkby Stephen , Cumbria. As the most mountainous region of England, the Lake District is the area most closely associated with the sport of fell running , which takes its name from the fells of the district. "Fellwalking" is also the term used locally for the activity known in
832-495: The timberline. Today, generally, "fell" refers to the mountains and hills of the Lake District and the Pennine Dales. Names that originally referred to grazing areas have been applied to these hilltops. This is the case with Seathwaite Fell , for example, which would be the common grazing land used by the farmers of Seathwaite . The fellgate marks the road from a settlement onto the fell (see photograph for example), as
864-685: The top, in effect a mountain tundra . Fjäll is primarily used to describe mountains in the Nordic countries, but also more generally to describe mountains shaped by massive ice sheets, primarily in Arctic and subarctic regions. There are however dialectal differences in usage, with comparatively low mountains or plateaus, sometimes tree-covered, in Bohuslän and Västergötland (e.g. Safjällets nationalpark [ sv ] and Kynnefjäll [ sv ] ) being referred to as "fjäll", similar to how
896-531: The uplands, such as Rough Fell sheep, Fell terriers and Fell ponies . It is also found in many place names across the north of England, often attached to the name of a community; thus the township of Cartmel Fell . In northern England, there is a Lord of the Fells – this ancient aristocratic title being associated with the Lords of Bowland . Groups of cairns are a common feature on many fells, often marking
928-488: The word is used in Norwegian In Finnish, the mountains characteristic of the region of Lapland are called tunturi (plural: tunturit ), i.e. "fell". A tunturi is a hill high enough that its top is above the tree line and has alpine tundra . In Finnish, the geographical term vuori is used for mountains recently uplifted and with jagged terrain featuring permanent glaciers, while tunturi refers to
960-548: Was left to fall into disrepair. The reservoirs at Barnsfold are now used for angling. Lancashire County Council acquired the site in 1969 and opened it, in October 1970, as one in the first tranche of country parks in the United Kingdom. A new road was built connecting the existing single-track roads on the fell to form a circular route around the fell, to be operated as a one-way system. Car parks were added, and on
992-581: Was not carved by Thompson Dagnall. Lancaster artist Richard Shilling is artist in residence who creates short-lasting sculptures from surrounding materials. Beacon Fell Traditional Lancashire Cheese , named after the Fell, and currently manufactured in Longridge and Garstang , has Protected Designation of Origin status. Only cheeses made with milk from the Fylde or the Preston area, and conforming to
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1024-597: Was the basis of former commercial operations in the area. Amongst others, boreholes sunk in connection with the former saltfield have provided much of the information on the bedrock of the area. The Mythop salt beds within the Mercia Mudstone succession are also conjectured to outcrop beneath the southwest corner of the Fylde. The Quaternary cover consists of glacial till deriving from the last ice age (Devensian) together with some scattered glaciofluvial deposits , mainly sand and gravel . A small drumlin field
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