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21-518: Also known as Bjeloj Ijus, Bieloi Yious, Khakas : Ах-Ӱӱс , romanized:  Ax-Üüs , lit.   'White River'. An analysis of the toponymy of the Khakass-Minusinsk basin and the areas adjacent to it indicates that, along with the stratified Turkic toponyms of a later origin, toponyms clarified from the Ugric and Samoyedic languages dominated here. The inhabitants of

42-574: A Russian translation, was prepared by Radloff's student Katanov, who was a Sagay himself, and contains further Khakas materials. The Khakas literary language, which was developed only after the Russian Revolution of 1917 , is based on the central dialects Sagay and Kacha; the Beltir dialect has largely been assimilated by Sagay, and the Koybal dialect by Kacha. In 1924, a Cyrillic alphabet

63-411: A treatise on the Koybal dialect, and recorded an epic. Wilhelm Radloff traveled the southern Siberian region extensively between 1859 and 1870. The result of his research was, among others, published in his four-volume dictionary, and in his ten-volume series of Turkic texts. The second volume contains his Khakas materials, which were provided with a German translation. The ninth volume, provided with

84-495: A word-initial palatal stop (in all of these languages from an earlier palatal approximant *j ) develops into an alveolar nasal /n/ or a palatal nasal /ɲ/ , when followed by another word-internal nasal consonant . Latin alphabet (1929–1939): Cyrillic alphabet (1939–present): Standard Khakas has 10 grammatical cases. от от grass от тың grass- GEN от тың grass-GEN of (the) grass от ха grass- DAT от ха grass-DAT to

105-867: The Fuyu Kyrgyz language originated in the Yenisei region of Siberia but were relocated into the Dzungar Khanate by the Dzungars , and then the Qing moved them from Dzungaria to northeastern China in 1761, and the name may be due to the survival of a common tribal name. The Yenisei Kirghiz were made to pay tribute in a treaty concluded between the Dzungars and Russians in 1635. Sibe Bannermen were stationed in Dzungaria while Northeastern China (Manchuria)

126-584: The Yenisei Kyrgyz . It is now spoken in northeastern China's Heilongjiang province, in and around Fuyu County , Qiqihar (300 km northwest of Harbin ) by a small number of passive speakers who are classified as Kyrgyz nationality. The first major recordings of the Khakas language originate from the middle of the 19th century. The Finnish linguist Matthias Castrén , who travelled through northern and Central Asia between 1845 and 1849, wrote

147-563: The stone women ( Russian : каменные бабы) of the southern Russian steppes. Khakas language Khakas , also known as Xakas , is a Turkic language spoken by the Khakas , who mainly live in the southwestern Siberian Republic of Khakassia , in Russia . The Khakas number 73,000, of whom 42,000 speak the Khakas language. Most Khakas speakers are bilingual in Russian . Traditionally,

168-441: The Khakas language is divided into several closely related dialects, which take their names from the different tribes: Sagay  [ ru ] , Kacha  [ ru ] , Koybal , Beltir , and Kyzyl . In fact, these names represent former administrative units rather than tribal or linguistic groups. The people speaking all these dialects simply referred to themselves as Тадар (Tadar, i.e. Tatar ). The people who speak

189-620: The Turkic-speaking Yugurs of Gansu and the Fuyu Kyrgyz language of a small group of people in Manchuria also share some similarities with languages of this subgroup. The Khakas language has also been part of a wider language area covering the Southern Samoyedic languages Kamassian and Mator . A distinctive feature that these languages share with Khakas and Shor is a process of nasal assimilation, whereby

210-744: The Urals call the rivers flowing to the West White rivers; those that flow to the East or to Siberia, in Black rivers. The Bely Iyus has its sources on the eastern slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau , at an elevation of 712 metres (2,336 ft),The sources are small mountain lake in a spur of the Kuznetsk Alatau, in the high Karlykhan Range (up to 6000 feet). Source of Bely Iyus is mainly snow. In

231-650: The White Iyus River. In the area of the villages of Efremkino and Malaya Syya, on an area of 40-50 thousand hectares, there are exotic rock outcrops, caves : Pandora's Box, Archaeological, etc. historical monuments (an ancient human settlement, rock paintings). The Iyussky Reserve located on the eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau , in the basin of the middle course of the Bely Iyus River, Shirinsky District, Khakassia. The Iyussky Reserve has been established to protect cave complexes, biocenoses of

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252-622: The banks of the White Iyus, there is the earliest settlement of Homo sapiens on the territory of Khakassia, the Paleolithic site of Malaya Syya (30-35 thousand years ago), where drilled jewelry processed with incisors was found Radlov Vasily Vasilievich (Friedrich Wilhelm Radloff) in his travel notes noted the statue that Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt found on the Ak-Iyus ( Khakas : Ах-Ӱӱс ), which, in appearance, quite corresponds to

273-457: The forest and subtaiga zone, habitats of ungulates, nesting sites of rare birds of prey, for organized cultural leisure of the population (ecological and tourist routes, visiting caves, etc.). In the upper reaches of the White Iyus, gold is mined (Kommunar, Berenzhak). With the development of the mining industry, the productivity of the fish stock in Bely Iyus has decreased significantly. There

294-463: The grass от ты grass- ACC от ты grass-ACC grass от та grass- LOC от та grass-LOC on/in the grass от таң grass- ABL от таң grass-ABL from the grass от сар grass- DIR / ALL от сар grass- DIR /ALL towards the grass от наң grass- INS / COM от наң grass-INS/COM with the grass от ча Zyryanskoye, Tomsk Oblast Zyryanskoye ( Russian : Зырянское )

315-640: The state water register of Russia, it belongs to the Upper Ob basin district, the water management section of the river is the Chulym from the city of Achinsk to the water metering station of the village of Zyryanskoye , the river sub-basin of the river is the Chulym. The river basin of the river - (Upper) Ob to the confluence of the Irtysh . In the vicinity of the village of Malaya Syya (Shirinsky district) on

336-593: The territory of and Shirinsky districts , Ust-Abakansky district , Sorsk , Ordzhonikidzevsky District . There are more than 10 settlements in the valley: Berenzhak, Mendol, Malaya Syya, Efremkino, Bely Balakhchin, Iyus, Solenoozernoye, etc. The rocks that accompany the Bely Iyus River from the peaks to the mouth of the Tarcha River are predominantly granite-syenites and limestones; below the mouth of this river, breccias, conglomerates, porphyrites, and then sandstones protrude. Clay-calcareous porphyry also appears on

357-518: The upper reaches (to the village of Efremkino) of the Bely Iyus it is called Pikhterek and has the character of a fast mountain river, but not deep and in summer there are fords everywhere. In the middle reaches it flows among the hilly steppe spaces of the western outskirts of the Chulym-Yenisei basin, strongly meandering channel , swampy valley. The density of the river network is 0.5–0.7 km/km. Drain module - 5-10 liters / (sec × km). At

378-502: The village of Maly Syutik it joins the Cherny Iyus (or Black Iyus ), the left source river of the Chulym . The Chulym together with the Bely Iyus is 2,023 kilometres (1,257 mi) long, and is thus one of Siberia's main rivers. The main tributaries of the first order: the left ones are Tyukhterek, Bolshaya Syya, Malaya Syya, Targa, Chernaya, etc.; right - Kharatas, Tunguzhul, Shablyk, Tyurim, etc. Floatable river. It flows through

399-653: Was devised, which was replaced by a Latin alphabet in 1929, and by a new Cyrillic alphabet in 1939. In 2012, an Enduring Voices expedition documented the Xyzyl language from the Republic of Khakassia. Officially considered a dialect of Khakas, its speakers regard Xyzyl as a separate language of its own. The Khakas language is part of the South Siberian subgroup of Turkic languages, along with Shor , Chulym , Tuvan , Tofa , and Northern Altai . The language of

420-734: Was not enough grayling , lenok , taimen, and nelma practically disappeared. 17 km: Kizilka river (left) 69 km: unnamed river (left) 88 km: Tyurim river (right) 125 km: Malaya Syya river (left) 131 km: river Bolshaya Syya (Right Syya) (left) 134 km: Aspad river (right) 138 km: river Yzykhchul (Izykchul) (lv) 138 km: Sarygchul river (left) 143 km: Shablyk river (right) 154 km: Tunguzhul river (right) 172 km: Berendzhak river (left) 172 km: Ipchul river (left) 172 km: Kharatas river (Karatash, Kara-Tas) (right) 179 km: Andat river (left) 182 km: Tyukhterek river (left) 192 km: Turalyg river (right) According to

441-551: Was where some of the remaining Öelet Oirats were deported to. The Nonni basin was where Oirat Öelet deportees were settled. The Yenisei Kirghiz were deported along with the Öelet. Chinese and Oirat replaced Oirat and Kirghiz during Manchukuo as the dual languages of the Nonni-based Yenisei Kirghiz. The present-day Kyrgyz people originally lived in the same area that the speakers of Fuyu Kyrgyz at first dwelled within modern-day Russia. These Kyrgyz were known as

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