96-676: Bendinat is a seaside village in the municipality of Calvià on the west coast of the island of Majorca , part of the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands . It is located at the foot of the Serra de Na Burguesa . Much of Bendinat is a residential area, and it is situated next to the town of Portals Nous . Its major thoroughfare is the county road C-719. The population is approximately 521. There are two main theories surrounding Bendinat's naming origin. An ethnological one
192-401: A Christian king. As well as being a fine example of autobiography, the "Book of Deeds" expresses concepts of the power and purpose of monarchy, examples of loyalty and treachery in the feudal order, and medieval military tactics. More controversially, some historians have looked at these writings as a source of Catalan identity, separate from that of Occitania and Rome . James also wrote
288-567: A child, James was made a pawn in the power politics of Provence , where his father was engaged in struggles helping the Cathar heretics of Albi against the Albigensian Crusade led by Simon IV de Montfort , Earl of Leicester , who were trying to exterminate them. Peter endeavoured to placate the northern Crusaders by arranging a marriage between his two-year-old son James and Simon's daughter, Amicie de Montfort . He entrusted
384-459: A complex tectonic structure, forming a relief fold with many faults. The karst nature of the Tramuntana has led to the formation of numerous caves and sinkholes. The rest of the municipality is relatively flat, with broad valleys filled by quaternary and tertiary materials and small hills, with Mesozoic materials surfacing occasionally. This area contains a number of cavities divided between
480-404: A cross-bowman shot at me, and hit me beside the sun-hood, and the shot struck me on the head, the bolt lighting near the forehead. It was God's will it did not pass through the head, but the point of the arrow went half through it. In anger I struck the arrow so with my hand that I broke it: the blood came out down my face; I wiped it off with a mantle of "sendal" I had, and went away laughing, that
576-427: A dairy, ten grocery shops, three cafés, two haberdashers, five carpenter's shops, two blacksmiths, a bicycle shop, and one bus line. Its scant industry consisted of five master masons, various ventures in shipping and transport, two cement and plaster factories, a trader in nuts and dried fruit, a machine for shucking almonds , a flour mill, a carob crusher, a wood dealer, and an oil press . The first urban nuclei in
672-565: A debate in Barcelona between the Jewish rabbi Nahmanides and Pablo Christiani , a prominent converso . James was the first great sponsor and patron of vernacular Catalan literature. Indeed, he may himself be called "the first of the Catalan prose writers." James wrote or dictated at various stages a chronicle of his own life in Catalan, Llibre dels fets , the first autobiography by
768-418: A lesser extent, figs . There is also still some farming of cereals and grains. Although the area has a harsh climate with few natural resources it is also densely populated by humans and there are relatively few populations of wild animals. The most notable zones for fauna are the rocky shore and the islands of Cala Figuera (Figuera Cove), such as El Toro, the islet of Refeubetx and the group of islets known as
864-507: A paschal lamb holding a flag with a St George's Cross , capped by a crown. The coat of arms was approved on 25 June 1976 emblazoned with De azur y el cordero de plata que empuña en su mano derecha una bandera de aquel metal, cargada con cruz de gules. Al timbre corona real, cerrada. . Calvià first appears in history as a village 2,000 years BCE , although the area was first populated in the Neolithic Era . Later, sailors coming from
960-484: A protégée of James's father, upon her death in 1220 Guerau occupied the county and displaced Aurembiax, claiming that a woman could not inherit. James intervened on behalf of Aurembiax, to whom he owed protection. He bought Guerau off and allowed Aurembiax to reclaim her territory, which she did at Lleida , probably also becoming one of James' earliest mistresses. She surrendered Lleida to James and agreed to hold Urgell in fief for him. On her death in 1231, James exchanged
1056-588: A result, the dialect spoken today ( Mallorquí ) is an eastern Catalan dialect. Since 1248, Calvià has had its own parish church, Sante Ihoannes Caviano , dedicated to Saint John the Baptist . In 1285, during the reign of James II of Aragon , second son of James I, it gained the status of a villa . This meant it would have its own mayor, named by the king or governor. The mayor would execute orders from higher levels of government and would also maintain public order and administer justice. Nonetheless, he did not have
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#17327983954581152-682: A second similar bomb was discovered and successfully defused. Calvià is located in the western part of the island of Majorca, next to the Sierra de Tramontana, the main mountain of the Balearic Islands, and extends to the Sierra de Na Burguesa , a mountain located in Calvia. Calvià has an area of about 145.02 km . Of a total of 14,372 hectares, 81% is protected rural land, 18% is developed urban land and 1% are soils with low protection. It
1248-627: A treaty with Louis IX of France , he achieved the renunciation of any possible claim of French suzerainty over the County of Barcelona and the other Catalan counties , while he renounced northward expansion and taking back the once Catalan territories in Occitania and vassal counties loyal to the County of Barcelona, lands that were lost by his father Peter II of Aragon in the Battle of Muret during
1344-411: Is a 50 m (160 ft) long and 20 m (66 ft) beach which is surrounded by a pine grove and is reachable from the residential area by the street Calvo Sotelo. Calvi%C3%A0 Calvià ( Balearic Catalan: [kəlviˈa] ) is a municipality on the island of Majorca , part of the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands . It is located in the southwestern part of
1440-596: Is also a renowned meeting point for businessmen, celebrities, high society figures and members of the Spanish Royal Family during their summer stays in the Marivent Palace . Another of its main tourist areas is Peguera , where many residents spend their summer holidays, as well as a number of German tourists. Similarly, the urbanized residential areas of El Toro , which has a marina and a small beach, and Son Ferrer , are of note. The topography
1536-617: Is bordered on the north by the municipality of Puigpunyent and Estellencs , Palma de Mallorca (Palma), the island's capital to the east, Andratx to the west and to the south by the Mediterranean Sea . The highest point of the municipality is the Puig de Galatzó at 1,026 m (3,366 ft) above sea level . The second is 926 metres above sea level, the Mola del Esclop , an area which consists of many valleys and ravines, between
1632-416: Is influenced by two types of atmospheric circulation manifested in two distinct seasons: a hot, dry summer with little pressure gradient and occasional rainfall, as opposed to a cool, wet winter. The coldest month is January, with 15.1 / 3.5 °C and the hottest is August, with 31.0 / 18.2 °C. Rainfall averages 51 days a year and there are approximately 2,756 hours of sunshine. The average temperature in
1728-670: Is marked by the contrast between the mountains in the north and the rest of the municipality, where the features are flatter. The main mountain range is called the Serra de Na Burguesa , situated between Son Falconer and Son Vida in Palma. It is the southernmost range of the Serra de Tramuntana . It was formerly known as Portopí or d'en Bou. It has an average height of 500 meters and is covered by large formations of Mediterranean pine forest and scrubland. The hills are composed of Triassic and Jurassic materials, mainly limestone and dolomite , with marl and gypsum present as well. The hills have
1824-522: Is much appreciated for its singular flavor, and figures prominently in the local cuisine. The forest plants of the region can be divided into four groups: Most of the people are either Spaniards from the mainland—mainly from Andalusia —or their descendants, who reached the island in the early 1960s, or they are foreign immigrants. According to the 2008 census, the municipality has a population of 50,777 inhabitants, of whom 25,548 were males and 25,229 were women ( 50.31% versus 49.69%). The municipality has
1920-457: Is not only the longest of any Iberian monarch, but one of the longest monarchical reigns in history , ahead of Hirohito but remaining behind Queen Elizabeth II , Queen Victoria , and Ferdinand III of Naples and Sicily . King James I saw the expansion of the Crown of Aragon in three directions: Languedoc to the north, the Balearic Islands to the southeast, and Valencia to the south. By
2016-607: Is pumped annually for the water supply, but the current Balearic Hydrological Plan intends to reduce this to 4,100,000 cubic metres (5,400,000 cu yd). Because of the torrential rains in October and November, Mallorca has many ravines , narrow channels that bring the rainwater to the sea. Among these are the Torrente (ravine) des Gorg, which rises in Es Capdellà and enters the sea at Peguera. The Torrente Vial, rises on
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#17327983954582112-421: Is that after the 12 September 1229 battle for the conquest of Majorca , King James of Aragon , who was famished, came upon a tent with one of his lieutenants where a meal was being prepared. The host for that meal was Oliver de Termes , a Frenchman of Roussillon . After eating to their satisfaction, the king declared Ben dinat ( Catalan : "well dined"). The other naming theory is geographical in context as in
2208-593: Is used. Officially, the adjective to refer to inhabitants of Calvià is calvianenc or calvianenca . However, more widespread use in both Catalan and in its Castilian translation is calvianer / calvianera . This is used by agencies such as the Institut Calvianer d'Esports del Ajuntament de Calvià and the Asociación Calvianera. The municipality does not have a flag but has a distinctive coat of arms, defined as an azure blue shield with
2304-528: The Libre de la Saviesa or "Book of Wisdom." The book contains proverbs from various authors, reaching from the time of King Solomon to nearly his own time with Albertus Magnus . It even contains maxims from the medieval Arab philosophers and from the Apophthegmata Philosophorum of Honein ben Ishak , which was probably translated at Barcelona during his reign. A Hebrew translator by
2400-542: The Llibre del Consolat de Mar , which governed maritime trade and helped establish Aragonese supremacy in the western Mediterranean . He was an important figure in the development of the Catalan language , sponsoring Catalan literature and writing a quasi-autobiographical chronicle of his reign: the Llibre dels fets . James was born at Montpellier as the only son of Peter II of Aragon and Marie of Montpellier . As
2496-702: The Albigensian Crusade and annexed by the Kingdom of France , and then decided to turn south. His great part in the Reconquista was similar in Mediterranean Spain to that of his contemporary Ferdinand III of Castile in Andalusia . One of the main reasons for this formal renunciation of most of the once Catalan territories in Languedoc and Occitania , and any expansion into them, is that he
2592-573: The Banco de Crédito Balear , came to control nearly all of the development of Santa Ponsa. By 1986, the municipality had 10,000 of the dwellings locally known as chalés (" chalets "). On 30 July 2009, around two in the afternoon, the Palmanova neighborhood suffered a bombing attack by ETA . Two members of the Civil Guard were killed by a bomb placed under a patrol car outside their barracks;
2688-549: The Cathedral of Lleida , which was constructed in a style transitional between Romanesque and Gothic with little influence from Moorish styles . James was a patron of the University of Montpellier , which owed much of its development to his impetus. He also founded a studium at Valencia in 1245 and received privileges for it from Pope Innocent IV , but it did not develop as splendidly. In 1263, James presided over
2784-478: The Conquest of Mallorca by King James I of Aragon , colonists brought the Catalan language and culture, which survive to the present time. In the division of the conquered territory, Calvià formed part of the medietas magnatum that the king granted to nobles Guillermo II de Montcada , Hugo de Ampurias , Nuño Sánchez and Berenguer de Palou , all of whom had participated in the conquest. Calvià in particular
2880-634: The Inquisition into his realm in 1233 to prevent any vernacular translation of the Bible . The favour James showed his illegitimate offspring led to protest from the nobles, and to conflicts between his legitimate and illegitimate sons. When one of the latter, Fernán Sánchez , who had behaved with gross ingratitude and treason toward his father, was slain by the legitimate son Peter , the old king recorded his grim satisfaction. In his will, James divided his states between his sons by Yolanda of Hungary :
2976-481: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and was making a demonstration of his military power in front of Acre. During the demonstration, Egyptian troops hidden in the bushes ambushed a returning Frankish force that had been in Galilee . James's sons, initially eager for a fight, changed their minds after this spectacle and returned home via Sicily , where Fernán Sánchez was knighted by Charles of Anjou . James built and consecrated
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3072-672: The Malgrats . This area has international recognition by the European Commission as a Special Protection Area for birds. In 2008, a diver in this reserve sighted and photographed a monk seal ( Monachus monachus ); it is believed that no more than 500 monk seals survive in the entire world. The Balearic government has studied the possibility of reintroducing monk seals to the islands. Local native plant species include holm oak ( Quercus ilex ) and various pine species. There are over 1,000 animal species; notable among them are
3168-489: The Mediterranean Sea . According to the 2008 census, the municipality had a population of 50,777 inhabitants, of whom 18,046 were foreigners. Today, it is the second most populated area of the entire archipelago Balearic after Palma, and also an area that has the largest number of tourists in the islands. Its population is scattered around the different urban centers created as a result of tourism development and twentieth century urbanization. The historical epic that marked
3264-569: The Puig de sa Morisca Archaeological Park , which conserves remains of what was a talaiot 9 metres (30 ft) in diameter. It is located on a small mountainous elevation in Calvià's Santa Ponsa district. The Roman era lasted from 123 BCE until the 4th century CE, but left no significant vestiges. Among the few archaeological remnants of this era are the remains of a Roman villa in Santa Ponça known as Sa Mesquida , which has an oven that
3360-603: The Second Spanish Republic , but were squashed during the Spanish Civil War . The first seed of the modern tourism-based economy came when steamboat service from Barcelona to Palma began in 1838. This made travel to Mallorca easier for travelers from the Iberian peninsula and beyond. Some came to visit the municipality's coves and beaches. At this time Mallorca drew visitors who were motivated by
3456-450: The Spanish Civil War , this idea was discarded. In 2009, it was considered one of the most important tourist areas of Majorca. It is bounded on the west by the busy town of Magaluf which contains the largest hotel and greatest infrastructural services of the municipality to accommodate the many tourists. Another of the localities, Santa Ponsa , has historical significance as the place that James I of Aragon landed. The town of Portals Nous
3552-585: The plague that decimated the population elsewhere, although other nearby municipalities such as Andratx suffered the scourge of the epidemic. Still, the population suffered other epidemics associated with the era and their way of life, particularly malaria which only a few escaped, such as the priest or the few artisans who did not work in Ses Rotes . The daily wage of a farm laborer was between four and six sous (a dozen eggs cost one-and-a-half sous ). In that era there were also Arab slaves , although not in
3648-537: The "Khan of Tartary" (actually the Ilkhan ), corresponded with James in early 1267, inviting him to join forces with the Mongols and go on crusade . James sent an ambassador to Abaqa in the person of Jayme Alaric de Perpignan , who returned with a Mongol embassy in 1269. Pope Clement IV tried to dissuade James from crusading, regarding his moral character as sub-par, and Alfonso X did the same. Nonetheless, James, who
3744-657: The 13th century, an old Islamic farmhouse in the area was named Bendinex. Historically, the area is notable as the place where King James camped in 1229 after a bloody battle against the Moors . From the early sixteenth century, Francesc Burgués, the Solicitor-General of the Spanish Crown owned the Bendinat farm which is now the Bendinat residential zone. In 1590 event, Burgués married Elizabeth who had been
3840-471: The Balearic Islands for Urgell with her widower, Peter of Portugal . From 1230 to 1232, James negotiated with Sancho VII of Navarre , who desired his help against his nephew and closest living male relative, Theobald IV of Champagne . James and Sancho negotiated a treaty whereby James would inherit Navarre on the old Sancho's death, but when this occurred in 1234, the Navarrese nobles elevated Theobald to
3936-759: The Byzantine domination and established their own hegemony. Until 903, the island was part of the Umayyad Caliphate . In 903, the Almoravid general Isam al-Jawlani conquered the island on behalf of Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi , Emir of Córdoba . The city of Palma passed from the Almoravids to the Almohads , eventually becoming part of one of the taifas . Calviá was part of the administrative division Juz' d' Ahwaz al-Madina . In 1229, after
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4032-464: The Conqueror ( Catalan / Valencian : Jaume I or Jaume el Conqueridor ; Aragonese : Chaime I o Conqueridor ; Spanish : Jaime I de Aragón or Jaime I el Conquistador ; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon , Count of Barcelona , and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and King of Valencia from 1238 to 1276. His long reign of 62 years
4128-462: The Malgrats and El Toro, having been designated as marine reserves and a special protection area for birds. The municipality contains eighteen settlements. The most important are the resorts. Palma Nova was one of the first tourist resorts to be built on the island within the grounds of an old farm called Ses Planes and began as a project intended to build a residential type Garden City, but due to
4224-579: The aforementioned Peter received the Hispanic possessions on the mainland and James received the Kingdom of Majorca , which included the Balearic Islands, the counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya , and the Lordship of Montpellier. The division inevitably produced fratricidal conflicts. In 1276, the king fell very ill at Alzira and resigned his crown, intending to retire to the monastery of Poblet , but he died at Valencia on 27 July. His mummified body
4320-431: The area of Cas Català Ses Illetas . It is 54 km (34 mi) long and very rocky, but still has 34 beaches and coves. There is 35.5 kilometres of rocky shores, 4.5 kilometres of sandy beaches, 10 islets and 7,000 hectares of coast, with a maximum depth of 5 m (16 ft). Islets include El Sec , Sa Porrassa , D'en Sales , Ses Illetes , D'estenedor and Sa Caleta . The most important though, ecologically, are
4416-472: The area of Es Coll des Pastors and around the Puig Gros de Bendinat, Son Boronat, Benatiga Nou and Valldurgent. The Puig Gros de Bendinat depression contains abundant late Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments. Its coastline is composed of calcareous materials. Calvià has a mild Mediterranean climate with an average annual temperature of 19 °C and an average annual rainfall of 410 mm (16 in). It
4512-430: The army might not take alarm. James first married, in 1221, Eleanor , daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England . Though he later had the marriage annulled, his one son by her was declared legitimate: In 1235, James remarried to Yolanda , daughter of Andrew II of Hungary by his second wife Yolande de Courtenay. They had numerous children: James married thirdly Teresa Gil de Vidaure , but only by
4608-602: The boy to be educated in Montfort's care in 1211, but was soon forced to take up arms against him, dying at the Battle of Muret on 12 September 1213. Montfort would willingly have used James as a means of extending his own power had not the Aragonese appealed to Pope Innocent III , who insisted that Montfort surrender him. James was handed over to the papal legate Peter of Benevento at Carcassonne in May or June 1214. James
4704-472: The case of Navarre, he declined to launch into perilous adventures. By the Treaty of Corbeil , signed in May 1258, he ended his conflict with Louis IX of France , securing the renunciation of any historical French claims to sovereignty over Catalonia , including the County of Barcelona. After his false start at uniting Aragon with the Kingdom of Navarre through a scheme of mutual adoption, James turned to
4800-568: The continuator of William of Tyre , he returned via Montpellier por l'amor de sa dame Berenguiere ("for the love of his lady Berengaria") and abandoned any further effort at a crusade. James's sons Pedro Fernández and Fernán Sánchez , who had been given command of part of the fleet, did continue on their way to Acre , where they arrived in December. They found that Baibars , the Mameluke Sultan of Egypt , had broken his truce with
4896-504: The decisive Battle of the Puig , where the Aragonese commander, Bernat Guillem I d'Entença , who was also the king's cousin, died from wounds received in action. Chroniclers say James used gunpowder in the siege of Museros castle. During his remaining two decades after Corbeil, James warred with the Moors in Murcia , on behalf of his son-in-law Alfonso X of Castile . On 26 March 1244,
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#17327983954584992-414: The desire for adventure, an interest in exploring a different world and society than the one they knew, but also those who came to the island for therapeutic reasons. Among this last group was the composer Frédéric Chopin . Works published by travelers, learned people, artists and geographers increasingly promoted Mallorca as a preferred destination. In 1962, Calvià had four butcher shops, three bakeries,
5088-616: The east stopped in the Balearics on their way to the Iberian Peninsula , where they sought metals. They came from Italy, from other Mediterranean islands, and from the Near East , and constructed small settlements along the coast. Historians call this period the "Cave Culture", because caves were frequently used as habitations and burial areas. Some vestiges of this area have been catalogued in an archaeological excavation called
5184-466: The extermination or expulsion of the greater part of the prior local populace, there were not enough laborers to cultivate the land. In 1230 a set of privileges called the Franquezas de Mallorca were granted in order to attract new settlers to cultivate the countryside. Most of these new settlers of Mallorca came from Catalonia, more specifically the northeast and, within the east, from Ampurdán . As
5280-455: The family was large, and they gave permission to eat meat during Lent , and many people who didn't have the money to buy meat ate herbs, and they told me that some people had gone more than a fortnight eating only boiled herbs, and the poor people and workers were so thin that they couldn't work for lack of food. The economic system rooted in latifundia underlay the Caciquism that made moot
5376-414: The hills of Puig Batiat and Penya Blanca . The peninsula on which the municipality is located is marked by the presence of wetlands to the east and west, at Magaluf, Palmanova and Santa Ponça, that lead to a narrowing similar to an isthmus to the north. The urban area has expanded around its coastline, converting into several villages on the main beaches. The coast extends from Cape Andritxol, until
5472-399: The island of Majorca, between the Serra de Tramuntana and the Serra de Na Burguesa . The municipal seat is the town of Calvià Vila . Calvià has an approximate area of 145 km (56 sq mi). It is bordered on the north by the municipalities of Puigpunyent and Estellencs , Palma de Mallorca (Palma), the island's capital to the east, Andratx to the west and to the south by
5568-459: The king, the conquest of Majorca was mainly a Catalan undertaking, and Catalans would later make up the majority of Majorca's settlers. James conquered Majorca on 31 December 1229, and Menorca (1232) and Ibiza (1235) were later acquired during the reconquest. Valencia capitulated to Aragonese rule on 28 September 1238, following an extensive campaign that included the Siege of Burriana and
5664-400: The land. This was, in turn, divided into four parts, three of which were granted to the rector of the parish and the fourth to the parish priest or vicar . James II of Majorca reigned over the islands for more than two decades and made great efforts to guarantee the viability of his kingdom. He undertook a broad policy of agrarian colonization, with the creation of rural nuclei; increased
5760-636: The late spring, warming occurs, raising the temperature one degree each week. During the summer, a 25 cm deep water layer reaches temperatures above 25 °C.(something of a thermocline ). According to the Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), the area receives 4,900,000 cubic metres (6,400,000 cu yd) of rain per year, plus 100,000 cubic metres (130,000 cu yd) runoff from irrigation and 200,000 cubic metres (260,000 cu yd) infiltration of treated waste-water. 6,700,000 cubic metres (8,800,000 cu yd)
5856-552: The long coast, people turned their backs to the sea, deriving their living from the dry and none-too-fertile land. Agriculture was based on latifundia —large estates—from the 14th century into the 20th. Most of the land was owned by a small number of nobles. In 1863, continuing a longstanding pattern 66.3% of the land was owned by four proprietors. At a slightly earlier date, Pedro Caro, 3rd Marquis of la Romana owned 2,516 hectares (6,220 acres), including all of Bendinat , Peguera , as well as an additional 990 hectares (2,400 acres) in
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#17327983954585952-492: The maritime zones, where they were seen as liable to escape or to collaborate with pirates. In the 18th century a severe drought and bad cereal harvest led to a long period of famine . On 28 November 1715, Philip V of Spain abolished the fueros and privileges of the Balearics, as the Nueva Planta decrees extended the administrative organization of the Kingdom of Castile , prohibited the Catalan language, and required
6048-420: The most important local culture and traditions regarding the rest of Mallorca is the landing in Santa Ponça on 10 September 1229 of King James I of Aragon , and the subsequent conquering of Muslims who had invaded in the year 903. Since 1248, Calvià has had its own parochial church, Sante Ihoannes Caviano. Despite the popularity and use of the official shield locally, the municipality has no flag. The origin of
6144-419: The municipality began development in 1920, built on failed agricultural land sold well below its potential value. By 1960, changes in ownership had been so fundamental as to facilitate immediate development. Three quarters of the coast was rapidly developed, including all of the most desirable areas. Through their real estate affiliates, some of the last large landowners, such as Miguel Nigorra Oliver, president of
6240-487: The municipality of Andratx . The Marquis of Bellpuig owned 4,376 hectares (10,810 acres) in Santa Ponça, the largest latifundium in Mallorca at the beginning of the 19th century. On the other hand, there was a small group of peasants known as els roters , to whom the nobility had ceded land near the sea. These roters cultivated cereals, and lived in miserable conditions. In the 16th century, Calvià itself largely escaped
6336-482: The name of Jehuda was employed at James's court during this period. Though James was himself a prose writer and sponsored mostly prose works, he had an appreciation of verse. In consequence of the Albigensian Crusade , many troubadours were forced to flee southern France and many found refuge in Aragon. Notwithstanding his early patronage of poetry, by the influence of his confessor Ramon de Penyafort , James brought
6432-529: The outskirts of the village of Vial and runs to the Cala (cove) de Santa Ponsa; it receives the water of hundreds of smaller ravines, among which are the Barranco des Cobaix and the Barranco des Pas de la Mula. Among the longest is the Torrente de Galatzó, running 23 kilometres (14 mi) and draining a basin of 72 square kilometres (28 sq mi). It begins on the west slope of the Puig de Galatzó and reaches
6528-473: The place name is subject to conjecture but is believed to be from the patronymic Latin calvianum , derived from the personal name of Calvius . According to the philologist Antoni Maria Alcover , it comes from the word Caluus , meaning "burn" or "be hot", testament to the arid land that contains no vegetation. The official name is Calvià (with a grave accent), but in Castilian , Calviá (with an acute accent)
6624-488: The power to administer the villa , which fell within the purview of the jurados de prohombre , (a medieval office that was essentially a district overseer). In the Middle Ages, various watchtowers were built to defend against Mediterranean piracy. To sustain the parish and its clerics, the king and the tenured landowners of the jurisdiction ceded one fourth of the diezmos paid to them by those who cultivated
6720-617: The rights accrued to the Bishopric, which held them until 1834 when the Spanish Church lost many of its feudal properties. The conquerors came, in various proportions from a variety of places. Thus, and according to the Llibre del Repartiment ("Book of Distribution"), the conquered lands were distributed among people from Catalonia (39.71%), Occitania (24.26%), Italy (16.19%), Aragon (7.35%), Navarra (5.88%), France (4.42%), Castile (1.47%) and Flanders (0.73%). Owing to
6816-682: The royal revenue; favored the creation of consulates in North Africa and in the kingdom of Granada ; created a new monetary system for the kingdom; promoted the creation of textile industries; increased royal power relative to that of the nobility and Church; and promoted the construction of palaces and castles such as the Royal Palace of La Almudaina , the La Seu Cathedral in Palma, and the Bellver Castle . The opening of
6912-461: The sea at the Bay of Santa Ponsa ( Santa Ponça ). More than 49% of Calvià's 14,552 hectares (35,960 acres) consists of woods and garrigues (low, soft-leaved scrubland ), with pines as the dominant trees, although there has been some deforestation in recent decades. Cultivable land amounts to about 32% of the municipality; the main crops are almonds , carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ), olives and, to
7008-541: The seabirds Cory's shearwater ( Calonectris diomedea ), various cormorants ( Phalacrocorax ), the common swift ( Apus apus ), and the Manx shearwater ( Puffinus puffinus ) as well as numerous reptiles, such as the endemic Lilford's wall lizard ( Podarcis lilfordi ) found on several of the islets of the archipelago. The islets are also home to one of Spain's few colonies of Hermann's tortoise ( Testudo hermanni ; other colonies are in Murcia and Almería ). Although
7104-454: The second highest population in the Balearic Islands, second only to the capital, Palma de Mallorca . In 2017 the population was 49,063, including 14,822 foreigners (non-Spanish) registered with the town hall. The total population reached above 50,000 in 2008 but in 2015 began decreasing; in 2016 it had 49,580 people, including 15,623 registered foreigners. Analysis of the population pyramid shows that: James I of Aragon James I
7200-427: The south and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . On 5 September 1229, the troops from Aragon, consisting of 155 ships, 1,500 horsemen and 15,000 soldiers, set sail from Tarragona, Salou, and Cambrils, in southern Catalonia, to conquer Majorca from Abu Yahya , the semi-independent Almohad governor of the island. Although a group of Aragonese knights took part in the campaign because of their obligations to
7296-556: The spouse of Bernat de Boixadors of Barcelona. In the seventeenth century, the estates passed from Burgués to Jerònim de Sales i de Verí who in 1666, won the lawsuit of Boixadors-Pacs along with the Burgués inheritance. The farmland held important agricultural production value, but only peasant houses and outbuildings stood on the property. The estate passed to Caro, Marquis de la Romana, when Pere Caro i Sales inherited it through his mother Dionísia de Sales i Boixadors. The property's status
7392-468: The summer is 27 °C, and 14 °C in winter. The driest month is July, at an average of 7.8 L / m , while the wettest is December with an average of 81.1 L / m . The area is sheltered from the Nordic Tramuntana wind by mountains that are over a thousand feet high. The thermal variation of the water has a range of around 15 °C. During the winter, it drops down to about 13 °C. In
7488-595: The theoretically democratic Spanish constitutions the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. In Restoration Spain the power of the dominant classes remained intact. Both major political parties of the time, the Conservative Party led by Canovas del Castillo and the Liberal Party led by Sagasta relied on a system where day laborers and smallholders beholden to the caciques and voted accordingly, producing an orderly alternation of
7584-454: The throne instead, and James disputed it. Pope Gregory IX was required to intervene. In the end, James accepted Theobald's succession. James endeavoured to form a state straddling the Pyrenees in order to counterbalance the power of France north of the river Loire . As with the much earlier Visigothic attempt, this policy was victim to physical, cultural, and political obstacles. As in
7680-618: The trials of the Knights Templar and the later suppression of the order allowed the Crown to take over their revenues in the islands. The health system consisted mainly of physicians of Jewish origins, so-called Xuetas , descendants of Mallorcan Jews who had converted to Christianity , but continued to form a largely endogamous community. The nearest hospital to Calvià was in Sant Elm , founded in 1303 by Jaime II. Fundamentally it
7776-437: The two monarchs signed the Treaty of Almizra to establish their zones of expansion into Andalusia so as to prevent squabbling between them. Specifically, it defined the borders of the newly created Kingdom of Valencia . James signed it on that date, but Alfonso did not affirm it until much later. According to the treaty, all lands south of a line from Biar to Villajoyosa through Busot were reserved for Castile. Abaqa ,
7872-597: The two parties in power, the turno pacífico . In the late 19th century, hunger and poverty sparked emigration to the Americas , especially to Cuba and Argentina , as well as to France and Algeria . Calvià at that time lacked industrial establishments, except for the manufacturing of cement and plaster . The latifundia system was largely an impoverished agrarian autarky . In 1923 the Federació Obrera Calvianera ("Federation of Calvian Workers")
7968-444: The use of Castilian Spanish in the islands. In 1748 the wretchedness of the municipality had become so severe that chronicler Pere Xamena Fiol described it as follows: Wheat became so expensive that one paid 25 Sous per barchilla (unit to measure cereals, approximately 13.75 litres or 14.53 US quarts), and fortunate was he who could find some. Hunger reached the point where each house got no more than two doblers of bread, even if
8064-478: The vegetation on the cliffs is sparse, it merits special interest as a habitat for endemic plant species such as the perennial herb Hippocrepis balearica , and Dianthus alpinus , whose Spanish-language names variously designate it as the "cliff carnation ", "forest carnation" or "Mediterranean carnation". The cliff also provides a habitat for birds, especially raptors such as Eleonora's falcon ( Falco eleonorae ) and osprey ( Pandion haliaetus ) as well as
8160-420: The world's only remaining insular cinereous vultures (black vulture, Aegypius monachus ). Also worthy of mention, if only for gastronomical reasons, are two species of snail , Cornu aspersum and Helix pomatia . Among the fungi , the autumn rains bring out the reproductive structures of the mushrooms . Of particular note is Lactarius sangifluus , known locally as esclata-sang . This Lactarius
8256-442: Was dedicated to merchants and sailors of the ships that were heading from Palma to Barcelona . They also used it as a refuge in bad weather. From the 13th century to the mid-20th century, the region was almost entirely agricultural. The first area to be cultivated was along the banks of the Bay of Santa Ponça; at the time, the area was referred to as the terme de Santa Ponça ; the expression terme de Calvià came far later. Despite
8352-599: Was founded as a member of the socialist Unión General de Trabajadores , followed by the Unió Agrària de Calvià (Calvian Agrarian Union) and La Fraternal . On 30 September 1923, Spain's socialist party, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party , inaugurated a Casa del pueblo (a cultural and service center), which represented an investment of half a million Spanish pesetas . The labor movement and socialism played an important part in politics during
8448-589: Was granted to Berenguer de Palou , Bishop of Barcelona, becoming part of the Barony of the Bishops of Barcelona. There were many tensions among the conquering nobles who were granted various feudal rights; these were resolved through a pariatge or condominium under which feudal rights were shared. Therefore, the surroundings of the municipality are also known as the comarca of the Pariatge . Ultimately, though,
8544-479: Was later exhumed in 1856, when the monastery was under repair. A photograph of the king was taken. The photograph of the head of the mummy clearly shows the wound in the left eyebrow that the king himself explained in a passage from his Llibre dels fets (Book of Deeds): As I was coming with the men, I happened to turn my head towards the town in order to look at the Saracens, who had come out in great force, when
8640-552: Was married to Eleanor , daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile . The next six years of his reign were full of rebellions on the part of the nobles. By the Peace of Alcalá of 31 March 1227, the nobles and the king came to terms. In 1228, James faced the sternest opposition yet from a vassal. Guerau IV de Cabrera occupied the County of Urgell in opposition to Aurembiax , the heiress of Ermengol VIII , who had died without sons in 1208. Although Aurembiax's mother, Elvira, had made herself
8736-697: Was raised by the Knights Templar Crusaders , who had defeated his father, who was fighting for the Pope alongside the French. It was thus effectively forbidden for him to try to maintain the traditional influence of the Count of Barcelona that previously existed in Occitania and Languedoc . As a legislator and organiser, he occupies a high place among the European kings . King James I compiled
8832-441: Was reviewed in 1850 by the Spanish writer and Majorcan chronicler, Joaquín María Bover i Roselló . The architect and town planner François Spoerry (1912 -1999) developed the community of Bendinat. Bendinat Castle was the idea of Pedro Caro, 3rd Marquis of la Romana . The work began after 1855, and was finished in 1867. It was built in 19th century Central European Gothic architecture style. The 2,800-acre (11 km) estate
8928-471: Was sold by the Marquis of la Romana in 1876 to Joana-Adelaida Dameto. It was later owned by the Count of Montenegro. While tourists can see the castle from a distance, it is privately owned and unavailable for tours. Royal Bendinat Golf Club ("Real Golf de Bendinat") opened in 1986 and was expanded a decade later. The honorary president of the exclusive golf club is King Juan Carlos of Spain . Cala Bendinat
9024-563: Was then campaigning in Murcia , made peace with Muhammad I , the Sultan of Granada , and set about collecting funds for a crusade. After organising the government for his absence and assembling a fleet at Barcelona in September 1269, he was ready to sail east. The troubadour Olivier lo Templier composed a song praising the voyage and hoping for its success. A storm, however, drove him off course, and he landed at Aigues-Mortes . According to
9120-475: Was then sent to Monzón , where he was entrusted to the care of Guillem de Montredó , the head of the Knights Templar in Aragon and Provence; the regency meanwhile fell to his great-uncle Sancho, Count of Roussillon , and his son, the king's cousin, Nuño . The kingdom was given over to confusion until, in 1217, the Templars and some of the more loyal nobles brought the young king to Zaragoza . In 1221, he
9216-598: Was used to make ceramics , the horse-shoe shaped Naveta Alemany and the Turó de Ses Abelles . In 425, the area was invaded by the Vandals , who ended up settling. Lack of remains or written record means little is known about this area other than the decline that began with the destruction of Pollença . The Byzantine general Flavius Belisarius ordered the conquest of the archipelago in 534, bringing an end to this era. The first Muslim arrivals were in 707. They quickly ended
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