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66-665: Bilse was born in Liegnitz (present-day Legnica) in the Prussian Silesia Province . As a teenager, he had an apprenticeship with Scholz alongside 11 other boys. Through this apprenticeship, Bilse was able to accustom himself with all instruments commonly found in a choir as well as gain conducting experience conducting the town pipers. Later on, he obtained a rich musical education at the Vienna Conservatory under violinist Joseph Böhm , and played in

132-578: A diversion to occupy northern European forces which might come to Hungary's aid. Orda's forces devastated northern Poland and the southwestern border of Lithuania . Baidar and Kadan ravaged the southern part of Poland: first they sacked Sandomierz in order to draw the Northern European armies away from Hungary; then on 3 March they defeated a Polish army in the battle of Tursko ; then on 18 March they defeated another Polish army at Chmielnik ; on 24 March they seized and burned Kraków , and

198-428: A detachment (no less than one and no more than two tumens ) from the army of Subutai , demonstrated the advantages of the tactical mobility and speed of mounted archery . The Mongol tactics were essentially a long series of feigned attacks and faked withdrawals from widely dispersed groups, which were designed to inflict a constant slow drain by ranged fire, disrupt the enemy formation and draw larger numbers away from

264-653: A diversion, they stayed to keep the Bohemian forces tied up, avoiding confrontation with the larger army while splitting up into bands and sacking minor towns and villages. Eventually, they turned away from Bohemia and Poland and headed southward to join Batu and Subutai, who had defeated the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohi . Larger invasions of Poland, devoted primarily to looting, would be launched later. Led by Burundai ,

330-646: A few days later they tried unsuccessfully to capture the Silesian capital of Wrocław . While deciding whether or not to besiege Wrocław, Baidar and Kadan received reports that King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia was two days away with an army over twice the size of Henry's. The Mongols turned from Wrocław to intercept Henry's forces before the European armies could meet. The Mongols caught up with Henry near Legnica at Legnickie Pole (Polish for "Field of Legnica"), also known as Wahlstatt. The Mongol diversionary force,

396-455: A film set for the following films as a result of its well preserved Old Town, proximity to Germany and low costs: Legnica tends to be a left -of- center town with a considerable influence of workers' unions . The Municipal Council of Legnica ( Rada miejska miasta Legnica ) is the legislative branch of the local government and is composed of 25 members elected in local elections every five years. The mayor or town president ( Prezydent miasta )

462-575: A huge fire. The fire decreased the number of inhabitants in the city and halted any significant further development for many decades. Legnica, along with other Silesian duchies, became a vassal of the Kingdom of Bohemia during the 14th century and was included within the multi-ethnic Holy Roman Empire , however remained ruled by local dukes of the Polish Piast dynasty . In 1454, a local rebellion prevented Legnica from falling under direct rule of

528-492: A military unit formed almost exclusively out of Polish soldiers. The census of 1910 gave Liegnitz's population as 95.86% German , 0.15% German and Polish, 1.27% Polish , 2.26% Wendish , and 0.19% Czech . On 1 April 1937 parts of the Landkreis of Liegnitz communities of Alt Beckern (Piekary), Groß Beckern (Piekary Wielkie), Hummel, Liegnitzer Vorwerke, Pfaffendorf (Piątnica) und Prinkendorf (Przybków) were incorporated into

594-424: A part of national road no 3 . The express road S3 building has been planned nearby. In the city there are 20 regular bus lines, 1 belt-line , 2 night lines and 3 suburban. The town has an airport (airport code EPLE) with a 1600-metre runway, the remains of a former Soviet air base, but it is (as of 2007 ) in a poor state and not used for commercial flights. In recent years Legnica has been frequently used as

660-549: A postal milestone of King Augustus II the Strong from 1725 in Legnica. In the 1950s and 1960s, the local copper and nickel industries became a major factor in the economic development of the area. Legnica houses industrial plants belonging to KGHM Polska Miedź , one of the largest producers of copper and silver in the world. The company owns a large copper mill on the western outskirts of town. Legnica Special Economic Zone

726-592: Is a city in southwestern Poland, in the central part of Lower Silesia , on the Kaczawa River and the Czarna Woda . As well as being the seat of the county, since 1992 the city has been the seat of the Diocese of Legnica . As of 2023, Legnica had a population of 97,300 inhabitants. The city was first referenced in chronicles dating from the year 1004, although previous settlements could be traced back to

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792-563: Is a member of the Association of Polish Cities. Archaeological research conducted in eastern Legnica in the late 1970s, showed the existence of a bronze foundry and the graves of three metallurgists. The find indicates a time interval about year 1000 BC. A settlement of the Lusatian culture people existed in the 8th century B.C. After invasions of Celts beyond upper Danube basin, the area of Legnica and north foothills of Sudetes

858-633: Is an economic, cultural and academic centre in Lower Silesia , together with Wrocław . The city is renowned for its varied architecture , spanning from early medieval to modern period, and its preserved Old Town with the Piast Castle , one of the largest in Poland. According to the Foreign direct investment ranking (FDI) from 2016, Legnica is one of the most progressive high-income cities in

924-560: Is the executive branch of the local government and is directly elected in the same municipal elections. Members of Parliament ( Sejm ) elected from Legnica- Jelenia Gora constituency: Legnica is twinned with: Legnica and its then ruler Count Conrad figure prominently in the alternate history series The Crosstime Engineer , set in the period of 1230 to 1270, by Leo Frankowski . Battle of Legnica 2nd invasion (1259–60) 3rd invasion (1287–88) The Battle of Legnica ( Polish : bitwa pod Legnicą ), also known as

990-561: The Kristallnacht in 1938 the synagogue was burned down, and in 1939 the local Polish population was terrorized and persecuted. A Nazi court prison was operated in the city with a forced labour subcamp. During World War II , several members of the Polish resistance movement were imprisoned and sentenced to death there. The Germans also established two forced labour camps in the city, as well as two prisoner of war labor subcamps of

1056-530: The Battle of Liegnitz ( German : Schlacht von Liegnitz ) or Battle of Wahlstatt ( German : Schlacht bei Wahlstatt ), was fought between the Mongol Empire and combined European forces at the village of Legnickie Pole ( Wahlstatt ), approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of the city of Legnica in the Duchy of Silesia on 9 April 1241. A combined force of Poles and Moravians under

1122-591: The Battle of Tarczek . A contemporary European account, the Ystoria Mongalorum , supports these numbers, placing the Mongol force that invaded Poland at 10,000 horsemen. According to James Chambers , Henry's force numbered at most 25,000 troops, most likely less, and had a large number of untrained and poorly equipped men, sometimes with no weapons other than the tools of their trade. Lesser trained forces included an army from Opole under Duke Mieszko II

1188-579: The Cumans to have submitted to their authority, but the Cumans fled westward and sought asylum within the Kingdom of Hungary . After King Béla IV of Hungary rejected Batu Khan 's ultimatum to surrender the Cumans, Subutai began planning the Mongol invasion of Europe . Batu and Subutai were to lead two armies to attack Hungary itself, while a third under Baidar , Orda Khan and Kadan would attack Poland as

1254-704: The Kingdom of Prussia after King Frederick the Great's defeat of Austria in the War of the Austrian Succession . In 1760 during the Seven Years' War , Liegnitz was the site of the Battle of Liegnitz when Frederick's army defeated an Austrian army led by Laudon . During the Napoleonic Wars and Polish national liberation fights , in 1807 Polish uhlans were stationed in the city, and in 1813,

1320-753: The POW camp located in Żagań (then Sagan ), and one labor subcamp of the Stalag VIII-A POW camp in Zgorzelec (then Görlitz ). After the defeat of Nazi Germany during World War II , Liegnitz and all of Silesia east of the Neisse was preliminarily transferred to Poland following the Potsdam Conference in 1945. The majority of the German population was either expelled in accordance with

1386-593: The Potsdam Agreement or fled from the city. The city was repopulated with Poles, including expellees from pre-war eastern Poland after its annexation by the Soviet Union . Also Greeks , refugees of the Greek Civil War , settled in Legnica in 1950. As the medieval Polish name Lignica was considered archaic , the town was renamed Legnica. The transfer to Poland decided at Potsdam in 1945

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1452-469: The Silesian region. As of 31 December 2012 Legnica has 102,708 inhabitants and is the third largest city in the voivodeship (after Wrocław and Wałbrzych ) and 38th in Poland. It also constitutes the southernmost and the largest urban center of a copper deposit ( Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy ) with agglomeration of 448,617 inhabitants. Legnica is the largest city of the conurbation and

1518-658: The battle that took place at Legnickie Pole near the city on 9 April 1241 during the First Mongol invasion of Poland . The Christian army of the Polish duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia, supported by feudal nobility, which included in addition to Poles, Bavarian miners and military orders and Czech troops, was decisively defeated by the Mongols . The Mongols killed Henry and destroyed his forces, then turned south to rejoin

1584-492: The 10th century, until 1675 and the death of the last Piast duke George William . Legnica is one of the historical burial sites of Polish monarchs and consorts . Legnica became renowned for the fierce battle that took place at Legnickie Pole near the city on 9 April 1241 during the first Mongol invasion of Poland , which ended in the defeat of the Polish-led Christian coalition by the Mongols . Legnica

1650-514: The 7th century. The name "Legnica" was mentioned in 1149 under High Duke of Poland Bolesław IV the Curly . Legnica was most likely the seat of Bolesław and it became the residence of the dukes of Legnica from 1248 until 1675. Legnica is a city over which the Piast dynasty reigned the longest, for about 700 years, from the time of ruler Mieszko I of Poland after the creation of the Polish state in

1716-465: The Bohemian kings. In 1505, Duke Frederick II of Legnica met in Legnica with the duke of nearby Głogów , Sigismund I the Old , the future king of Poland. The Protestant Reformation was introduced in the duchy as early as 1522 and the population became Lutheran . In 1526, a Protestant university was established in Legnica, which, however, was closed in 1529. In 1528 the first printing house in Legnica

1782-537: The Fat ; Moravians led by Boleslav, son of the Margrave of Moravia Děpolt III ; conscripts from Greater Poland ; and volunteer Bavarian miners from not long before established town of Goldberg ( Złotoryja ). Henry's better trained troops were his own gathered in his Silesian realm , mercenaries, and very small contingents of French Knights Templar and other foreign volunteers. Historian Marek Cetwiński estimates

1848-530: The Horned , who was buried there as the only monarch of Poland to be buried in Legnica. Already by 1300 there was a city council in Legnica. Duke Bolesław III the Generous granted new trade privileges in 1314 and 1318 and allowed the construction of a town hall, and in 1337 the first waterworks were built. In the years 1327–1380 a new Gothic church of Saint Peter (today's Cathedral) was erected in place of

1914-553: The Mongols successfully raided Poland in 1259–1260 . They raided again under the leadership of Tulabuga and Nogai Khan , accompanied by vassal troops from Ruthenia , but were unsuccessful in 1287 . Although the Mongols repeatedly expressed a desire to conquer central Europe in ultimatums up to the 1270s, Poland and Hungary stayed outside of the Golden Horde 's sphere of influence. The Russian lands to their east remained under

1980-403: The Mongols endured sufficient casualties to dissuade them from attacking the Bohemian army. The Mongols cut the right ear off each fallen European in order to count the dead; supposedly they filled nine sackfuls, though this has as much validity as European accounts of the numbers of Mongols. Henry was struck down and beheaded while attempting to flee the battlefield with three bodyguards, and

2046-467: The Mongols paraded his head on a spear before the town of Legnica. Wenceslaus I of Bohemia , who had been a day's march away, fell back to gather reinforcements from Thuringia and Saxony upon learning of the defeat. He was overtaken by the Mongol vanguard at Kłodzko . However, his force was far larger and more powerful than the host at Legnica, and the Mongol detachment was routed by the Bohemian cavalry. As Baidar and Kadan's orders had been to serve as

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2112-475: The Polish infantry. Although the mangudai fled, Mongol light cavalry flanked the Polish forces. A smokescreen was used to hide the Mongol movements and confuse the Europeans. While the Mongol light cavalry attacked from the flanks and the heavy cavalry attacked from the front, Mongol archers peppered the Polish forces with arrows. Erik Hildinger indicates that the levies of Boleslav led the attack, instead of

2178-476: The Polish knights detached from the main body of allied forces in pursuit of the fleeing Mongols, the invaders were able to separate the knights from the infantry and defeat them one by one. The Annals of Jan Długosz also describes the battle, although it was written in the 15th century, not when it actually occurred. The army of Henry II was almost destroyed—Henry and Boleslav of Moravia were killed and estimates of casualties range from 2,000 to 40,000, essentially

2244-410: The Polish throne, however, in the 1669 Polish–Lithuanian royal election he wasn't chosen as King. In 1676, Legnica passed to direct Habsburg rule after the death of the last Silesian Piast duke and the last Piast duke overall, George William (son of Duke Christian), despite the earlier inheritance pact by Brandenburg and Silesia, by which it was to go to Brandenburg. The last Piast duke was buried in

2310-781: The Prussians, under Field Marshal Blücher , defeated the French forces of MacDonald in the Battle of Katzbach (Kaczawa) nearby. After the administrative reorganization of the Prussian state following the Congress of Vienna , Liegnitz and the surrounding territory ( Landkreis Liegnitz ) were incorporated into the Regierungsbezirk (administrative district) of Liegnitz, within the Province of Silesia on 1 May 1816. Along with

2376-474: The Silesians, Moravians, and Templars. According to Chambers' description of the battle, the Silesian cavalry initiated combat with the vanguard ( mangudai ) of the Mongol army. After the Silesians were repelled, the cavalry of Greater Poland, led by Sulisław, and the cavalry of Opole then attacked the Mongols. The Mongol vanguard retreated, inducing the allied cavalry to pursue, thereby separating them from

2442-463: The Silesians. He adds that after the Polish cavalry began their pursuit during the Mongols' feigned retreat, a rider shouted "Run! Run!" (in Polish) to the Polish forces, confusing Mieszko, who ordered his Opole contingent to retreat from the battle. This withdrawal led Henry to order his own reserves and cavalry into the fight. The Mongols had much success in the battle by feigning their retreat. After

2508-598: The St. John's church in Legnica in 1676. Silesian aristocracy was trained at the Liegnitz Ritter-Akademie , established in the early 18th century. One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the city in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland traveled that route many times. The postal milestone of King Augustus II comes from that period. In 1742 most of Silesia, including Liegnitz, became part of

2574-519: The Templar Master of France, Ponce d'Aubon , mention them. Peter Jackson further points out that the only military order that fought at Legnica was the Templars. The Templar contribution was very small, estimated around 68–88 well-trained, well-armed soldiers; their letter to the king of France gives their losses as three brother knights, two sergeants and 500 'men'—according to their use of

2640-441: The actual course of the battle are lacking and sometimes contradictory. The general historical view is that it was a crushing defeat for the Polish and Moravian forces where they suffered heavy casualties. One of the Mongol leaders, Kadan , was frequently confused with Ögedei's grandson Kaidu by medieval chroniclers, and thus Kaidu has often been mistakenly listed as leading the Mongol forces at Legnica. The Mongols considered

2706-483: The allied force to have been 2,000 strong, while Gerard Labuda estimates 7,000–8,000 soldiers in the Christian army. A contingent of Teutonic Knights of indeterminate number is traditionally believed to have joined the allied army. However, recent analysis of the 15th-century Annals of Jan Długosz by Labuda suggests that the German crusaders may have been added to the text after chronicler Długosz had completed

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2772-649: The capital of the Duchy of Legnica at the beginning of the 14th century, Legnica was one of the most important cities of Central Europe, having a population of nearly 16,000 residents. The city began to expand quickly after the discovery of gold in the Kaczawa River between Legnica and Złotoryja (Goldberg) . Unfortunately, such a growth rate can not be maintained long. Shortly after the city reached its maximum population increase, wooden buildings which had been erected during this period of rapid growth were devastated by

2838-620: The city limits. After the Treaty of Versailles following World War I , Liegnitz was part of the newly created Province of Lower Silesia from 1919 to 1938, then of the Province of Silesia from 1938 to 1941, and again of the Province of Lower Silesia from 1941 to 1945. After the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, as early as 1933, a boycott of local Jewish premises was ordered, during

2904-411: The command of Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia , supported by feudal nobility and a few knights from military orders sent by Pope Gregory IX , attempted to halt the Mongol invasion of Poland . The battle took place two days before the Mongol victory over the Hungarians at the much larger Battle of Mohi . As with many historical battles, the exact details of force composition, tactics, and

2970-417: The entire army. Ponce d'Aubon reported to King Louis IX of France that the military order lost 500 people, both in Legnica and subsequent raids on three Templar villages and two "towers" among them nine brothers, three knights, and two sergeants. This number likely included civilians of the villages. Mongol casualties are unknown; a perfect execution of their standard tactics would have minimized losses, but

3036-634: The largest anti-Soviet demonstrations in Lower Silesia took place in Legnica. The last Soviet units left the city in 1993. Between 1 June 1975 and 31 December 1998 Legnica was the capital of the Legnica Voivodeship . In 1992 the Roman Catholic Diocese of Legnica was established, Tadeusz Rybak became the first bishop of Legnica. New local newspapers and a radio station were founded in the 1990s. In 1997, Legnica

3102-641: The latter closed to the public. These were first established in July 1945, when the Soviets forcibly ejected newly arrived Polish inhabitants from the parts of the city they wanted for their own use. The ejection was perceived by some as a particularly brutal action, and rumours circulated exaggerating its severity, though no evidence of anyone being killed in the course of it has come to light. In April 1946 city officials estimated that there were 16,700 Poles, 12,800 Germans, and 60,000 Soviets in Legnica. In October 1956,

3168-432: The main body into ambush and flank attacks. These were standard Mongol tactics used in virtually all of their major battles; they were made possible by continual training and superb battlefield communication, which used a system of flags. The Mongol commander found the highest ground at the battle site, seized it and used it to communicate to his noyans and lesser commanders their orders for troop movement. The Mongol system

3234-816: The music scene in Berlin through this method, the effects of which are still felt today. This concept of a laid-back experience aimed at the middle class also spread across the Atlantic where it inspired Promenade Concerts in Boston, Massachusetts . Bilse toured Europe and gave guest concerts in Saint Petersburg , Riga , Warsaw , Amsterdam , Vienna , as well as at the 1867 Exposition Universelle in Paris, where his band performed The Blue Danube together with Johann Strauss II . In 1873 Richard Wagner conducted

3300-454: The old one, and is one of Legnica's landmarks since. Also by the 14th century the city walls were erected. In 1345 the first coins were produced in the local mint. In 1374, the potters' guild was founded, as one of the oldest in Silesia. Queen consort of Poland Hedwig of Sagan died in Legnica in 1390 and was buried in the local collegiate church, which has not survived to this day. As

3366-721: The orchestra in the presence of Emperor Wilhelm I . After a fierce quarrel with Bilse about another fourth-class concert trip to Warsaw, around 50 musicians in 1882 split to form the "Former Bilse's Band" under conductor Ludwig von Brenner . Shortly afterwards, it was renamed to Berlin Philharmonic , which is now one of the world's leading orchestras. Bilse retired a few years later and returned to Liegnitz where he also died. Legnica Legnica ( Polish: [lɛɡˈɲit͡sa] ; German : Liegnitz , pronounced [ˈliːɡnɪts] ; Silesian : Ligńica ; Czech : Lehnice ; Latin : Lignitium )

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3432-506: The orchestra of Johann Strauss I . He returned to Liegnitz and became municipal Kapellmeister in 1842. From 1867 he regularly performed with the "Bilse's Band" ( Bilse'sche Kapelle ) at the Concerthaus on Leipziger Straße in Berlin. Although initially facing trouble gaining traction, the orchestra became increasingly popular by targeting the middle class as its audience through offering food and drink during concerts. Bilse ignited

3498-546: The preserved old town with its town houses were demolished, the historical layout was abolished, and the city was rebuilt in modern form. From 1945 to 1990, during the Cold War , the headquarters of the Soviet forces in Poland, the so-called Northern Group of Forces , was located in the city. This fact had a strong influence on the life of the city. For much of the period, the city was divided into Polish and Soviet areas, with

3564-459: The reign of Mieszko I of Poland , a new fortified settlement was built here in a style typical of the early Piast dynasty . It is mentioned in 1149 when High Duke Bolesław IV the Curly funded a chapel at the St. Benedict monastery. Legnica was the most likely place of residence for Bolesław and it became the residence of the high dukes of Poland in 1163 and was the seat of a principality ruled from 1248 until 1675. Legnica became famous for

3630-490: The rest of Prussia, the town became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany . On 1 January 1874 Liegnitz became the third city in Lower Silesia (after Breslau and Görlitz ) to be raised to an urban district , although the district administrator of the surrounding Landkreis of Liegnitz continued to have his seat in the city. Its military garrison was home to Königsgrenadier-Regiment Nr. 7

3696-522: The rest of the Mongol armies, which were massing at the Plain of Mohi in Hungary via Moravia against a coalition of King Bela IV and his armies, and Bela's Kipchak allies. After the war, nonetheless, the city was developing rapidly. In 1258 at the church of St. Peter, a parish school was established, probably the first of its kind in Poland. Around 1278 a Dominican monastery was founded by Bolesław II

3762-420: The term, probably peasants working their estates and thus neither better armed or trained than the rest of the army's infantry. Henry divided his forces into four sections: the Bavarian miners led by Boleslav of Moravia; the conscripts from Greater Poland along with some Cracovians led by Sulisław, the brother of the killed palatine of Kraków; the army of Opole under Mieszko; and, under Henry's personal command,

3828-415: The weaknesses of 13th-century Mongol logistical support in Western Eurasia. Current estimates suggest the Mongol force numbered, at most, 25,000 cavalry. The Historia Tatarorum by the Franciscan C. de Bridia Monachi suggests a Mongol force of 10,000 troops, which would have been reduced to around 8,000 after casualties suffered earlier in the campaign, at the Battle of Chmielnik , Battle of Tursko , and

3894-413: The work. A legend that the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order , Poppo von Osterna , was killed during the battle is false, as he died at Legnica years later while visiting his wife's nunnery. The Hospitallers have also been said to have participated in this battle, but this too seems to be a fabrication added in later accounts; neither Jan Długosz's accounts nor the letter sent to the King of France from

3960-468: Was officially recognized by East Germany in 1950, by West Germany under Chancellor Willy Brandt in the 1970 Treaty of Warsaw , and finally by the reunited Germany by the Two Plus Four Agreement in 1990. By 1990 only a handful of Polonized Germans, prewar citizens of Liegnitz, remained of the pre-1945 German population. In 2010 the city celebrated the 65th anniversary of the return of Legnica to Poland and its liberation from Nazi Germany. The city

4026-432: Was a stark contrast to the European systems, in which knights advanced with basically no communication with supporting forces. The numbers involved are difficult to judge. European accounts vary as to Mongol numbers—some suggest more than 100,000 at Legnica alone. These are gross overestimates, given that this number is far larger than the entire Mongol force in all of Europe at the time, as well as not taking into account

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4092-401: Was established in 1997. Legnica is a regional academic center with seven universities enrolling approximately 16,000 students. Legnica is noted for its parks and gardens, and has seven hundred hectares of green space, mostly along the banks of the Kaczawa ; the Tarninow district is particularly attractive. To the south of Legnica is the A4 motorway . Legnica has also a district, which is

4158-430: Was established. After the death of King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia at Mohács in 1526, Legnica became a fief of the Habsburg monarchy of Austria. The first map of Silesia was made by native son Martin Helwig . The city suffered during the Thirty Years' War . In 1633 a plague epidemic broke out, and in 1634 the Austrian army destroyed the suburbs. In 1668 Duke of Legnica Christian presented his candidacy to

4224-463: Was infiltrated by Celtic settlers and traders. Tacitus and Ptolemy recorded the ancient nation of Lugii (Lygii) in the area, and mentioned their town of Lugidunum, which has been attributed to both Legnica and Głogów . Slavic Lechitic tribes moved into the area in the 8th century. The city was first officially mentioned in chronicles from 1004, although settlement dates to the 7th century. Dendrochronological research proves that during

4290-419: Was only partly damaged in World War II. In June 1945 Legnica was briefly the capital of the Lower Silesian (Wrocław) Voivodship, after the administration was moved there from Trzebnica and before it was finally moved to Wrocław . In 1947, the Municipal Library was opened, in 1948 a piano factory was founded, and in the years 1951-1959 Poland's first copper smelter was built in Legnica. After 1965 most parts of

4356-420: Was visited by Pope John Paul II . The city suffered in the 1997 Central European flood . Legnica has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb ). Legnica is a city with rich historical architecture, ranging from Romanesque and Gothic through the Renaissance and Baroque to Historicist styles. Among the landmarks of Legnica are: There is also a monument of Pope John Paul II and

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