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24-689: The Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company was founded on 18 October 1843 in Elberfeld (today a city district of Wuppertal ). Since the Cologne-Minden Railway Company had decided to build its route via Duisburg rather than through the valley of the Wupper river, the Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company ( German : Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , BME) determined to build its own line through

48-647: A mosque. The cemeteries are mostly Catholic but there is also a Jewish cemetery. The Kunstverein Arnsberg operates in Arnsberg. Founded in 1987 and devoted to contemporary art , Kunstverein Arnsberg has presented solo exhibitions by artists including Georg Baselitz , Thomas Ruff , Karin Sander , Dan Perjovschi , Boris Mikhailov , Gregor Schneider , Erwin Wurm , the Turner Prize winner Susan Philipsz and

72-589: A pastor, Daniel Schleyermacher, founded a Philadelphian Society . They later moved to Ronsdorf in the Duchy of Berg , becoming the Zionites , a fringe sect. In 1826 Friedrich Harkort , a famous German industrialist and politician, had a type of suspension railway built as a trial and ran it on the grounds of what is today the tax office at Elberfeld. In fact the railway, the Schwebebahn Wuppertal ,

96-628: A plaque in the Propsteikirche. In 1816, Arnsberg came under Prussian rule and was made a local administrative centre. Neheim and Hüsten were merged in 1941. During the Second World War , Arnsberg first suffered widespread destruction and catastrophic loss of lives when RAF Lancasters breached the dam of the Möhne Reservoir in the night of the 16 to 17 May 1943 ( Operation Chastise ). The nearby Abbey Himmelpforten

120-706: A takeover would have allowed the BME to develop a connection via Hamm to a German seaport via Rheine . Major expansion began in 1859 with the construction of the 106 km long Ruhr–Sieg from Hagen to Siegen and its mines. The line opened on 6 August 1861 and cost 12.9 million thalers . In 1858 it started to build its Witten–Duisburg trunk line through the Ruhr. The first section was opened between Duisburg and Hochfeld for freight trains only on 19 August 1859. The 52 km line from Bochum -Langendreer to Steele, Essen and Mülheim an der Ruhr, with connections to various coal mines,

144-632: Is the largest municipal subdivision of Wuppertal. 51°16′N 7°08′E  /  51.267°N 7.133°E  / 51.267; 7.133 Arnsberg Arnsberg ( German pronunciation: [ˈaʁnsbɛʁk] ; Westphalian : Arensperg ) is a town in the Hochsauerland county, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia . It is the location of the Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg administration and one of

168-582: The BME’s trunk line. The company’s development was characterised by the acquisitions of many smaller railway companies to round out its network. However, its energetic board of directors and its chairman Daniel von der Heydt (1802–1874, later a member of the Prussian House of Lords ), despite years of effort, were not able to take over the Prussian government-owned Royal Westphalian Railway Company . Such

192-971: The Wupper valley, to create a link between the highly industrialised area of the Bergisches Land with the east, particularly to connect with the Märkische coal fields, near Dortmund . The required concession for the railway was Granted by the Prussian government on 12 July 1844. A link to the Rhine in the west had already been completed in 1841 by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company , which had been founded in 1837. Its original, 56 km long main line ran from Elberfeld to Dortmund via Barmen (since 1929 part of Wuppertal), Schwelm , Hagen , Wetter and Witten and

216-553: The city and county to Kurköln as he had no heir. They built a castle there whose remains can still be visited and are occasionally used for public celebrations. In the 12th century, old Arnsberg became the seat of Westphalian jurisdiction (whose coat of arms is still used today by the Hochsauerlandkreis ). Later, the city lost its independence and was subject to the Archbishops of Cologne . Arnsberg Castle

240-486: The company had 768 locomotives and 21,607 wagons. Its rail network was 1,336 km long, including 720 km of double track railway. The purchase price was financed by government bonds worth 633,847,500 marks . The company was dissolved on 1 January 1886. Elberfeld Elberfeld is a municipal subdivision of the German city of Wuppertal ; it was an independent town until 1929. The first official mentioning of

264-720: The construction of several smaller routes followed up to 1876, an extension in an easterly direction, the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway to Arnsberg , Bestwig , Brilon -Wald and Warburg and Holzminden on the Weser river. Here it connected with the line to Kassel of the Frederick William Northern Railway Company , which it took over on 17 April 1868, with its 130-kilometer line from Gerstungen via Bebra and Kassel to Bad Karlshafen for eight million thalers. After 1870

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288-539: The east and (using the Federal Motorway 445 ) Werl in the west. It is also connected by several railroad stations, which provide a connection to the major city Dortmund and the Ruhrgebiet . There is also a regional airport , located in the city district of Vosswinkel, which is exclusively used for small private aircraft. The municipal territory spans a distance of up to 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from

312-498: The geographic area on the banks of today's Wupper River as " elverfelde " was in a document of 1161. Etymologically, elver is derived from the old Low German word for "river." (See etymology of the name of the German Elbe River; cf. North Germanic älv .) Therefore, the original meaning of "elverfelde" can be understood as "field on the river." Elverfelde received its town charter in 1610. In 1726, Elias Eller and

336-617: The goal of connecting with Belgium and Netherlands through the purchase of the Aachen-Düsseldorf-Ruhrort Railway Company ’s lines for seven million thalers. In 1870, it completed the Hamm railway bridge across the Rhine in Düsseldorf-Hamm and opened the line from Dusseldorf to Neuss . This created a second connection between its networks on the east and west banks of the Rhine. In addition

360-456: The nationalisation of the Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company was promulgated on 28 March 1882. At that time, the Prussian government held 64 percent of the share capital of the Company. The Prussian state railways 's Royal directorate of railways at Elberfeld (German: Königliche Eisenbahn-Direction zu Elberfeld ) took over its management with effect from 1 January 1882. At its nationalisation

384-560: The network was extended on the west bank of the Rhine with the 66 km long line from Rheydt-Odenkirchen to Aue and Düren . During the nationalisation of the company in 1880 the company took over the 78 km railway network of the Dutch-Westphalian Railway Company from Gelsenkirchen -Bismarck to Dorsten , Borken to Winterswijk in the Netherlands, with a branch from Borken to Bocholt . The act for

408-535: The southern to the northern limits. After the local government reforms of 1975 Arnsberg consists of 15 boroughs ( Ortsteile ): Arnsberg was first mentioned in 789 in the Carolingian records ( Urbar ) as belonging to the abbey of Werden . Arnsberg was the seat of the Counts of Arnsberg from around 1070 and received city rights in 1238. In 1368 the last of the Counts of Arnsberg, Count Gottfried IV, handed over

432-527: The three local administration offices of the Hochsauerlandkreis district . Arnsberg is located in the north-east of the Sauerland in the Ruhr river valley. The river Ruhr meanders around the south of the old town of Arnsberg. The town is nearly completely encircled by forest, and the nature park Arnsberger Wald lies to the north". Arnsberg is connected by Federal Motorway 46 (Autobahn 46) Brilon in

456-501: The two main urban areas, while the other parts are mainly rural areas. Arnsberg's population is mostly Roman Catholic . Arnsberg belongs to the Archdiocese of Paderborn . Catholic churches include the "Propsteikirche" or the "Heilig-Kreuz Kirche" and the "Auferstehungskirche", which is a Protestant church . There is also a New Apostolic congregation. In recent years Arnsberg's Muslim minority grew considerably. The town has

480-461: Was completed in 1849. In the following years the company built other main and branch lines in the Ruhr along the Hellweg an ancient highway and the Ruhr and Rhine rivers. In 1862 it opened a profitable east-west trunk line between Dortmund and Witten through Bochum - Langendreer , Essen , Mülheim an der Ruhr to Duisburg. The development of the Ruhr valley was largely a result of the opening of

504-648: Was completed on 1 May 1862. At Steele it also connected with the northern end of the Steele–Vohwinkel railway , which had been rebuilt in 1847 from the Prince William Railway (opened as the first horse-powered railway in Germany in 1831) and acquired by the BME in 1854 for 1.3 million thalers. Logically, then its next step in 1866 was to cross the Rhine via the Ruhrort–Homberg train ferry with

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528-506: Was completely washed away. Later, dozens of Arnsberg's citizens were killed in several British air raids aimed at destroying the railway viaduct . The targets were finally destroyed on 19 March 1945 using a 'Grand Slam' bomb . The current city of Arnsberg was created in 1975 by merging 12 surrounding municipalities (Bachum, Breitenbruch, Herdringen, Holzen, Müschede, Niedereimer, Oeventrop, Rumbeck, Uentrop, Voßwinkel and Wennigloh) into one city. Old Arnsberg itself and Neheim-Hüsten are

552-480: Was eventually built between Oberbarmen and Vohwinkel and runs through Elberfeld. In 1888 the district of Sonnborn was incorporated into Elberfeld. In 1929 the towns of Barmen , Elberfeld, Vohwinkel, Cronenberg and Ronsdorf became a municipal entity officially called "Barmen-Elberfeld;" in the same year, the unified city administration through a vote of its council members decided to rename the newly incorporated city "Wuppertal." This took place in 1930. Today Elberfeld

576-659: Was reconstructed by Johann Conrad Schlaun as a residential palace and hunting lodge for Elector Clemens August of Bavaria . It was destroyed in the Seven Years' War in 1769. In 1794 the French attacked Cologne, so parts of the treasure of the Cologne Cathedral were brought to safety in Arnsberg, along with the relics of the Biblical Magi . In 1804, the treasure was returned to Cologne, as commemorated by

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