Misplaced Pages

#361638

163-451: Big Apple Records was a record shop and label in Croydon, South London that opened in 1992 and closed in 2004, although the label continued to release music until 2007. It is known for pioneering the sound of dubstep in the early 2000s, with dubstep DJs and producers working in and frequently visiting the shop. The record label was the first to sign Skream and Benga . Big Apple Records

326-402: A MRK1 track, observing that listeners "have internalized the double-time rhythm" and the "track is so empty it makes [the listener] nervous, and you almost fill in the double time yourself, physically, to compensate". One characteristic of certain strands of dubstep is the wobble bass , often referred to as the "wub", where an extended bass note is manipulated rhythmically. This style of bass

489-680: A " poster boy " for the scene. In September 2011, a Spin Magazine EDM special referred to brostep as a "lurching and aggressive" variant of dubstep that has proven commercially successful in the United States. Unlike traditional dubstep production styles, which emphasise sub-bass content, brostep accentuates the middle register and features "robotic fluctuations and metal-esque aggression". According to Simon Reynolds , as dubstep gained larger audiences and moved from smaller club-based venues to larger outdoor events, sub-sonic content

652-542: A "creative partnership" with EDC organizers Insomniac Events in 2013 that would allow it to access its resources whilst remaining an independent company; Live Nation CEO Michael Rapino described EDM as the "[new] rock 'n' roll ". US radio conglomerate iHeartMedia, Inc. (formerly Clear Channel Media and Entertainment) also made efforts to align itself with EDM. In January 2014 It hired noted British DJ and BBC Radio 1 personality Pete Tong to produce programming for its "Evolution" dance radio brand, and announced

815-484: A YouTube channel brand was founded by Luke Hood which introduced Dubstep to many young generations internationally at the time. UKF Dubstep has exploded in popularity as the music genre has hit the mainstream. In November 2010 the channel had 100,000 subscribers, and as of November 2019 has over one million. "UKF features established and up and coming producers from around the world, featuring artists from Flux Pavilion / Knife Party to Friction / Hybrid Minds. We're sent

978-468: A boost in sales when garage became mainstream in the late 90s because of the popularity of garage crews such as So Solid . This led to Kennedy hiring DJ Hatcha to help run the shop. Hatcha, combined with many of Artwork's releases being available only from the shop, led to Big Apple's popularity with Jungle and Garage producers and DJs. Because Skream's older brother Hijak worked in the shop, Skream got into shop aged only 14. Skream has said that he went into

1141-522: A celebrity status. Other major acts that gained prominence, including Avicii and Swedish House Mafia , toured major venues such as arenas and stadiums rather than playing clubs; in December 2011, Swedish House Mafia became the first electronic music act to sell out New York City's Madison Square Garden . In 2011, Spin declared a "new rave generation" led by acts like David Guetta, Deadmau5 , and Skrillex . In January 2013, Billboard introduced

1304-399: A computer running a digital audio workstation (DAW), with various plug-ins installed such as software synthesizers and effects units, which are controlled with a MIDI controller such as a MIDI keyboard . This setup is generally sufficient to complete entire productions, which are then ready for mastering . A ghost producer is a hired music producer in a business arrangement who produces

1467-414: A crossover hit (in a similar manner to Skream's "Midnight Request Line") with the track "Night", which gained widespread play from DJs in a diverse range of genres. BBC Radio 1 DJ Gilles Peterson named it his record of 2007, and it was also a massive hit in the equally bassline-orientated, but decidedly more four-to-the-floor genre of bassline house , whilst Burial's late 2007 release Untrue (which

1630-582: A dark, clipped and minimal new direction in dubstep. At the end of 2003, running independently from the pioneering FWD night, an event called Filthy Dub, co promoted by Plastician , and partner David Carlisle started happening regularly. It was there that Skream, Benga, N Type, Walsh, Chef, Loefah, and Cyrus made their debuts as DJs. South London collective Digital Mystikz (Mala and Coki), along with labelmates and collaborators Loefah and MC Sgt Pokes soon came into their own, bringing sound system thinking, dub values, and appreciation of jungle bass weight to

1793-549: A distributor that supplied the shop. When Benny Ill started producing early dubstep (which he would show to Artwork and Hijak upstairs), Kennedy suggested that he give them to Joliffe. Joliffe had strong connections in the garage scene, being intimate with labels like Public Demand, Allstar, and Acetate; and so knowing distributors and pressing plants. This eventually led to Joliffe forming the label Tempa Recordings out of Ammunition, and Benny Ill to form Horsepower Productions . The ground floor would transition into garage leading to

SECTION 10

#1732787084362

1956-462: A drop for a dynamic peak – and in some instances do not feature a bass drop at all. Rewinds (or reloads) are another technique used by dubstep DJs. If a song seems to be especially popular then someone, most often the DJ, will rewind the record by hand without lifting the stylus and play the track again. Because the stylus has not been lifted (or, on electronic turntables , the channel has not been muted),

2119-529: A few headliner dudes that can play 3,000–4,000-capacity venues, but DJs play the same venues, they turn the crowd over two times, people buy drinks all night long at higher prices—it's a win-win." Electronic music festivals, such as Electric Daisy Carnival (EDC) in Las Vegas and Ultra Music Festival in Miami also grew in size, placing an increased emphasis on visual experiences, and DJs who had begun to attain

2282-481: A fistful of water". In the UK, "dance music" or "dance" are more common terms for EDM. What is widely perceived to be "club music" has changed over time; it now includes different genres and may not always encompass EDM. Similarly, "electronic dance music" can mean different things to different people. Both "club music" and "EDM" seem vague, but the terms are sometimes used to refer to distinct and unrelated genres (club music

2445-401: A genre standby." Benga and Coki's single "Night" still continued to be a popular track on the UK dance chart more than a year after its release in late 2007, still ranking in the top five at the start of April 2008 on Pete Tong 's BBC Radio 1 dance chart list. However, the year 2009 saw the dubstep sound gaining further worldwide recognition, often through the assimilation of elements of

2608-538: A home studio. Unlike in traditional recording studios, bedroom producers typically use low-cost, accessible software and equipment which can lead to music being created completely "in the box", with no external hardware. Afro-EDM depicts African electronic dance music genres and styles that blend elements of traditional African music with electronic dance music. It incorporates various African rhythms, instruments, and vocal styles, merging them with modern EDM production techniques. Afro EDM had existed for decades. However, it

2771-601: A huge amount of music so it's our job to pick the best to upload on the channel for our audience to listen to. In just over 3 years our channels now have more than 2m subscribers and 4 channels – UKF Dubstep, Drum & Bass, Music and Mixes. The audience is getting more and more International and younger." Luke said on the interview with SoSoActive. In a move foreshadowed by endorsements of the sound from R&B, hip-hop and recently, mainstream figures such as Rihanna , or The Bomb Squad 's Hank Shocklee, Snoop Dogg collaborated with dubstep producers Chase & Status , providing

2934-452: A large fruit and veg market, led to the shop being named 'Apple Records', shortly changed to 'Big Apple Records' after the Beatle's record label of the same name threatened to sue. Kennedy asked an artist to produce a range of possible logos, all of which were apples except the banana peel that ended up being used. Kennedy has said that this is because it stood out the most on the page. It

3097-410: A large influence. Purple sound later led to the development of future bass . The influence of dubstep on more commercial or popular genres can be identified as far back as 2007, with artists such as Britney Spears using dubstep sounds; critics observed a dubstep influence in the song "Freakshow", from the 2007 album Blackout , which Tom Ewing described as "built around the 'wobbler' effect that's

3260-691: A lot of people over here because it's a UK sound, but it's been someone with influences outside the original sound that has made it a lot bigger. The bad side of that is that a lot of people will just say 'dubstep equals Skrillex'. But in all honesty it genuinely doesn't bother me. I like the music he makes." Other North American artists that were initially associated with the brostep sound were Canadian producers Datsik and Excision . Their production style has been described by Mixmag as "a viciously harsh, yet brilliantly produced sound that appealed more to Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails fans than it did to lovers of UK garage". The brostep sound also attracted

3423-483: A main section (often incorporating a bass drop ), a midsection , a second main section similar to the first (often with another drop), and an outro . Many early dubstep tracks incorporate one or more "bass drops", a characteristic inherited from drum and bass. Typically, the percussion will pause, often reducing the track to silence, and then resume with more intensity, accompanied by a dominant sub-bass (often passing portamento through an entire octave or more, as in

SECTION 20

#1732787084362

3586-596: A name coined by British producer Jakes around 2012. The name comes from the Jamaican Patois term riddim , which refers to the instrumental of dub , reggae and dancehall music. Riddim is characterised by repetitive and minimalist sub-bass and triplet percussion arrangements, similar to original dubstep, with a sound described as "wonky". Riddim is looked upon as a subgenre of dubstep, similarly to other sub genres like brostep, drum-step, and wobble-step. It started gaining significant popularity around 2015. It

3749-464: A new EDM-focused Dance/Electronic Songs chart, tracking the top 50 electronic songs based on sales, radio airplay, club play, and online streaming . According to Eventbrite, EDM fans are more likely to use social media to discover and share events or gigs. They also discovered that 78% of fans say they are more likely to attend an event if their peers do, compared to 43% of fans in general. EDM has many young and social fans. By late 2011, Music Trades

3912-433: A number of women making headway into the scene in a variety of ways. Alongside Soulja of Ammunition Promotions and Mary Anne Hobbs, an influx of female producers, writers, photographers and DJs all have broken through in the up-til-then male orientated scene. With key 12" releases on Hyperdub , Immigrant and Hotflush Recordings, producers Vaccine , Subeena and Ikonika have introduced a palette of new sounds and influences to

4075-543: A partnership with SFX to co-produce live concerts and EDM-oriented original programming for its top 40 radio stations. iHeartMedia president John Sykes explained that he wanted his company's properties to be the "best destination [for EDM]". Major brands have also used the EDM phenomena as a means of targeting millennials and EDM songs and artists have increasingly been featured in television commercials and programs. Avicii's manager Ash Pournouri compared these practices to

4238-477: A performance instrument. They also foregrounded spatial effects such as reverb and delay by using auxiliary send routings creatively. The Roland Space Echo , manufactured by Roland Corporation , was widely used by dub producers in the 1970s to produce echo and delay effects. Despite the limited electronic equipment available to dub pioneers such as King Tubby and Lee "Scratch" Perry, their experiments in remix culture were musically cutting-edge. Ambient dub

4401-461: A plethora of trap remixes of popular EDM songs, and 1/3 dub (low-frequency focus and strong emphasis on repetitiveness throughout a song)". Some of the artists that popularized this genre, along with several others, are producers such as RL Grime with the tracks "Core" and "Scylla" released in 2014, Flosstradamus with their Hdynation Radio album released in 2015 and Carnage with his track "Turn Up" released in 2012. Trap music in this connotation

4564-618: A question about being credited with coining the term New Romantic Burgess has stated that: "Initially I was using three terms – Futurist, Electronic Dance Music (the Landscape singles have EDM printed on them) and New Romantic." Writing in The Guardian , journalist Simon Reynolds noted that the American music industry's adoption of the term EDM in the late 2000s was an attempt to re-brand US "rave culture" and differentiate it from

4727-542: A recording studio with specialized equipment such as samplers , synthesizers, effects units and MIDI controllers all set up to interact with one another using the MIDI protocol. In the genre's early days, hardware electronic musical instruments were used and the focus in production was mainly on manipulating MIDI data as opposed to manipulating audio signals. Since the late 1990s, the use of software has increased. A modern electronic music production studio generally consists of

4890-639: A simple and austere sound. After the breakthrough of Gary Numan in the UK Singles Chart in 1979, large numbers of artists began to enjoy success with a synthesizer-based sound in the early 1980s, including late-1970s debutants like Japan and Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark , and newcomers such as Depeche Mode and Eurythmics . In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestra's success opened the way for synth-pop bands such as P-Model , Plastics , and Hikashu . The development of inexpensive polyphonic synthesizers,

5053-488: A snare or high hat on the second, fourth, or eighth notes. In the mid-1980s house music thrived on the small Balearic Island of Ibiza, Spain . The Balearic sound was the spirit of the music emerging from the island at that time; the combination of old vinyl rock, pop, reggae, and disco records paired with an "anything goes" attitude made Ibiza a hub of drug-induced musical experimentation. A club called Amnesia, whose resident DJ, Alfredo Fiorito , pioneered Balearic house ,

Big Apple Records - Misplaced Pages Continue

5216-441: A solo artist. Such non-disclosure agreements are often noted as predatory because ghost producers, especially teenage producers, do not have an understanding of the music industry. London producer Mat Zo has alleged that DJs who hire ghost producers "have pretended to make their own music and [left] us actual producers to struggle". A bedroom producer is an independent musician who creates electronic music on their laptop or in

5379-432: A song for another DJ/artist that releases it as their own, typically under a contract which prevents them from identifying themselves as a personnel of the song. Ghost producers receive a simple fee or royalty payments for their work and are often able to work in their preference of not having the intense pressure of fame and the lifestyle of an internationally recognized DJ. A ghost producer may increase their notability in

5542-416: A specific EDM brand, the acronym remains in use as an umbrella term for multiple genres, including dance-pop , house , techno , electro and trance , as well as their respective subgenres, which all predate the acronym. Various EDM genres have evolved over the last 40 years, for example; house , techno , drum and bass , dance-pop etc. Stylistic variation within an established EDM genre can lead to

5705-414: A traditional verse/chorus structure. Structured vocal form in trance music forms the basis of the vocal trance subgenre, which has been described as "grand, soaring, and operatic" and "ethereal female leads floating amongst the synths". Trance music is broken into a number of subgenres including acid trance , classic trance, hard trance , progressive trance, and uplifting trance . Uplifting trance

5868-401: A variety of outside influences, from dub-influenced techno such as Basic Channel to classical music or heavy metal . Dubstep rhythms are usually syncopated , and often shuffled or incorporating tuplets . The tempo is nearly always in the range of 132–142 beats per minute , with a clap or snare usually inserted every third beat in a bar. With a large majority of releases at 140bpm,

6031-488: A vocal for their "underground anthem", "Eastern Jam". The 2011 Britney Spears track " Hold It Against Me " was also responsible for promoting dubstep tropes within pop music. Rihanna's Rated R album released such content the very year dubstep saw a spike, containing three dubstep tracks. Such events propelled the genre into the biggest radio markets overnight, with considerable airplay. Other hip-hop artists like Xzibit added their vocals to dubstep instrumental tracks for

6194-443: A way ... It's like someone screaming in your face ... you don't want that." According to a BBC review of his 2012 album Songs , the record was a muddled attempt by Rusko to realign his music with a "Jamaican inheritance" and distance it from the "belching, aggressive, resolutely macho" dubstep produced by his contemporaries. Commenting on the success of American producers such as Skrillex, Skream stated: "I think it hurts

6357-480: A whirring noise is produced. Rewinds are also an important live element in many of dubstep's precursors; the technique originates in dub reggae soundsystems , is widely employed by pirate radio stations and is also used at UK garage and jungle nights. Taking direct cues from Jamaica 's lyrically sparse deejay and toasting mic styles in the vein of reggae pioneers like U-Roy , the MC's role in dubstep's live experience

6520-516: A wide range of subgenres. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving , pirate radio , Party crews , underground festivals and an upsurge of interest in club culture , EDM achieved mainstream popularity in Europe. However, rave culture was not as broadly popular in the United States; it was not typically seen outside of the regional scenes in New York City, Florida,

6683-420: A young Loefah regularly visited the shop as well. The shop and its record label have since closed. All throughout 2003, DJ Hatcha pioneered a new direction for dubstep on Rinse FM and through his sets at Forward>>. Playing sets cut to 10" one-off reggae-style dubplates , he drew exclusively from a pool of new South London producers—first Benga and Skream, then also Digital Mystikz and Loefah—to begin

Big Apple Records - Misplaced Pages Continue

6846-505: Is Euro-trance , which has become a general term for a wide variety of highly commercialized European dance music. Several subgenres are crossovers with other major genres of electronic music. For instance, Tech trance is a mixture of trance and techno, and Vocal trance "combines [trance's] progressive elements with pop music". The dream trance genre originated in the mid-1990s, with its popularity then led by Robert Miles . AllMusic states on progressive trance: "the progressive wing of

7009-563: Is Nigerian Afro-EDM which emerged in the 2020s encompassing afrobeats, Nigerian afro-house and afroelectro. Gqom originated around 2009-2010 in Durban , through the pioneering efforts of local record producers. Gqom blends elements of techno, broken beats, and house music. Unlike traditional house music, gqom diverges by eschewing the typical four-on-the-floor rhythm. Gqom is categorized as both EDM and house music, characterized by diverse production techniques and variations. Initially,

7172-436: Is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres originally made for nightclubs , raves , and festivals . It is generally produced for playback by DJs who create seamless selections of tracks, called a DJ mix , by segueing from one recording to another. EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA . Since its inception EDM has expanded to include

7335-435: Is a form of house music characterized by a prominent bassline or kick drum and a tempo between 125 and 135 beats per minute, usually 128. Its origins were influenced by electro . The term has been used to describe the music of many DJ Mag Top 100 DJs , including Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike , Hardwell , Skrillex , and Steve Aoki . Italian DJ Benny Benassi , with his track " Satisfaction " released in 2002,

7498-535: Is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in South London in the late 1990s. It is generally characterized by sparse, syncopated rhythmic patterns with bass lines that contain prominent sub-bass frequencies. The style emerged as an offshoot of UK garage , drawing on a lineage of related styles such as 2-step , dub reggae , jungle , broken beat , and grime . In the United Kingdom,

7661-612: Is also known as "anthem trance", "epic trance", "commercial trance", "stadium trance", or "euphoric trance", and has been strongly influenced by classical music in the 1990s and 2000s by leading artists such as Ferry Corsten , Armin Van Buuren , Tiësto , Push , Rank 1 and at present with the development of the subgenre "orchestral uplifting trance" or "uplifting trance with symphonic orchestra" by such artists as Andy Blueman , Ciro Visone, Soundlift, Arctic Moon, Sergey Nevone&Simon O'Shine etc. Closely related to Uplifting Trance

7824-571: Is approximately 130 beats per minute . The breadth of styles that have come to be associated with the term post-dubstep preclude it from being a specific musical genre. Pitchfork writer Martin Clark has suggested that "well-meaning attempts to loosely define the ground we're covering here are somewhat futile and almost certainly flawed. This is not one genre. However, given the links, interaction, and free-flowing ideas ... you can't dismiss all these acts as unrelated" The production duo Mount Kimbie

7987-532: Is considered by The Verge an important location in the development of dubstep , being considered a key part of Croydon's, and South London's, heritage. The shop acted as a point for artists in the development of dubstep to meet and share music, allowing dubstep to emerge from 2-step garage . The shop was opened in November 1992 , a large fruit & veg market. The shop's location on Surrey Street in Croydon ,

8150-707: Is critically important to its impact. Notable mainstays in the live experience of the sound are MC Sgt Pokes and MC Crazy D from London, and Juakali from Trinidad. Production in a studio environment seems to lend itself to more experimentation. Kode9 collaborated extensively with the Spaceape , who MCed in a dread poet style. Kevin Martin 's experiments with the genre are almost exclusively collaborations with MCs such as Warrior Queen, Flowdan , and Tippa Irie . Skream has also featured Warrior Queen and grime artist JME on his debut album, Skream! . Plastician , who

8313-421: Is defined by what is popular, whereas EDM is distinguished by musical attributes). Though Billboard debuted a "dance" chart in 1974, the larger US music industry did not create music charts until the late 1990s. In July 1995, Nervous Records and Project X Magazine hosted the first awards ceremony, calling it the "Electronic Dance Music Awards". Electronic dance music is generally composed and produced in

SECTION 50

#1732787084362

8476-430: Is important to note when discussing the history of drum & bass that prior to jungle, rave music was getting faster and more experimental. By 1994, jungle had begun to gain mainstream popularity, and fans of the music (often referred to as junglists ) became a more recognisable part of youth subculture. The genre further developed, incorporating and fusing elements from a wide range of existing musical genres, including

8639-436: Is not a genre in its own right and is instead just a style of dubstep. Riddim producer Oolacile states "A lot of people who have been around a lot longer have a different idea of what riddim is. Older fans consider riddim to be the swampy, repetitive sound, and newer fans will associate riddim with the sound of the underground." Beginning in mid-2014, dubstep began to decline drastically in mainstream popularity, particularly in

8802-454: Is now Live Nation —re-launched SFX Entertainment as an EDM conglomerate, and announced his plan to invest $ 1 billion to acquire EDM businesses. His acquisitions included regional promoters and festivals (including ID&T , which organises Tomorrowland ), two nightclub operators in Miami, and Beatport , an online music store which focuses on electronic music. Live Nation also acquired Cream Holdings and Hard Events , and announced

8965-448: Is often associated with the origination of the term post-dubstep. English music producer Jamie xx released remixes which are considered post-dubstep, including We're New Here (2011), a Gil Scott-Heron remix album. In 2011, dubstep gained significant traction in the US market, by way of a post-dubstep style known as brostep , with the American producer Skrillex becoming something of

9128-470: Is said that those who enjoy this style of music describe it as the "dirtier, swaggier" side of dubstep, whereas those looking at this from the outside, claim that it is "repetitive and chaotic". Notable artists of the genre include Subfiltronik, Bukez Finezt, P0gman, Badklaat, 50 Carrot, Dubloadz and Coffi. Notable tracks of the genre include "Yasuo" by Bommer and Crowell, "Orgalorg" by Infekt, and "Jotaro" by Phiso. Some commentators have suggested that Riddim

9291-459: Is seen as the forerunner of electro-house who brought it to the mainstream. By the mid-2000s, electro-house saw an increase in popularity, with hits such as the Tom Neville remix of Studio B 's "I See Girls" in 2005 (UK #11). In November 2006, electroGq-house tracks " Put Your Hands Up for Detroit " by Fedde Le Grand and the D. Ramirez remix of " Yeah Yeah " by Bodyrox and Luciana held

9454-614: Is typically produced by using a low-frequency oscillator to manipulate certain parameters of a synthesiser such as volume , distortion or filter cutoff . The resulting sound is a timbre that is punctuated by rhythmic variations in volume, filter cutoff, or distortion. This style of bass is a driving factor in some variations of dubstep, particularly at the more club-friendly end of the spectrum. Wobble bass has been nicknamed Wobble-step. Originally, dubstep releases had some structural similarities to other genres like drum and bass and UK garage. Typically, this would comprise an intro ,

9617-464: The Independent on Sunday commented on "a whole new sound", at a time when both genres were becoming popular, stating that "grime" and "dubstep" were two names for the same style, which was also known as "sublow", "8-bar", and "eskibeat". In the summer of 2005, Forward>> brought grime DJs to the fore of the line up. Building on the success of Skream's grimey anthem "Midnight Request Line",

9780-669: The 2-step garage sound. These experiments often ended up on the B-side of a white label or commercial garage release. Dubstep is generally instrumental . Similar to a vocal garage hybrid – grime – the genre's feel is commonly dark; tracks frequently use a minor key or the Phrygian mode , and can feature dissonant harmonies such as the tritone interval within a riff. Compared to other styles of garage music, dubstep tends to be more minimalistic, focusing on prominent sub-bass frequencies. Some dubstep artists have also incorporated

9943-606: The BBC 's Maida Vale studios for a show called Generation Bass . The show was the evolution from her seminal BBC Radio 1 Dubstepwarz Show in 2006, and further documented another set of dubstep's producers. Silkie and Quest, along with Kromestar and Heny G would all come through the Anti-Social Entertainment crew, with a show on Rinse FM and later Flex FM . As the genre has spread to become an international rather than UK-centric scene, it has also seen

SECTION 60

#1732787084362

10106-656: The Balearic party vibe associated with Ibiza's DJ Alfredo was transported to London, when Danny Rampling and Paul Oakenfold opened the clubs Shoom and Spectrum, respectively. Both places became synonymous with acid house, and it was during this period that MDMA gained prominence as a party drug. Other important UK clubs included Back to Basics in Leeds , Sheffield's Leadmill and Music Factory, and The Haçienda in Manchester, where Mike Pickering and Graeme Park's spot, Nude,

10269-491: The Deep Medi Musik label, using 1970s funk and soul reference points, a departure from the familiar strains of dub and UK garage. The sound also continued to interest the mainstream press with key articles in magazines like Interview , New York , and The Wire , which featured producer Kode9 on its May 2009 cover. XLR8R put Joker on the cover of its December 2009 issue. In April 2009, UKF Dubstep ,

10432-491: The Mudd Club and clear the floor". By the late 1980s interest in house, acid house and techno escalated in the club scene and MDMA-fueled club-goers, who were faced with a 2 a.m. closing time in the UK, started to seek after-hours refuge at all-night warehouse parties. Within a year, in summer 1989, up to 25,000 people at a time were attending commercially organised underground parties called raves. Trance emerged from

10595-489: The Village People helped define the late 1970s disco sound. Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte produced " I Feel Love " for Donna Summer in 1977. It became the first well-known disco hit to have a completely synthesized backing track. Other disco producers, most famously American producer Tom Moulton , grabbed ideas and techniques from dub music (which came with the increased Jamaican migration to New York City in

10758-447: The raggamuffin sound, dancehall , MC chants, dub basslines, and increasingly complex, heavily edited breakbeat percussion. Despite the affiliation with the ecstasy-fuelled rave scene, Jungle also inherited some associations with violence and criminal activity, both from the gang culture that had affected the UK's hip-hop scene and as a consequence of jungle's often aggressive or menacing sound and themes of violence (usually reflected in

10921-603: The rave scene in the United Kingdom in the late 1980s and developed further during the early 1990s in Germany before spreading throughout the rest of Europe, as a more melodic offshoot from techno and house. At the same time trance music was developing in Europe, the genre was also gathering a following in the Indian state of Goa . Trance is mostly instrumental , although vocals can be mixed in: typically they are performed by mezzo-soprano to soprano female soloists, often without

11084-414: The "Forward" night (sometimes stylised as FWD>>), which went on to be considered influential to the development of dubstep. The term "dubstep" in reference to a genre of music began to be used around 2002 by labels such as Big Apple, Ammunition, and Tempa, by which time stylistic trends used in creating these remixes started to become more noticeable and distinct from 2-step and grime . Electro house

11247-421: The (perhaps misnamed) Grime and Grime 2 . The first featured Plasticman, Mark One and Slaughter Mob, with Kode9, Loefah, and Digital Mystikz appearing on the second. These compilations helped to raise awareness of dubstep at a time when the grime sound was drawing more attention, and Digital Mystikz and Loefah's presence on the second release contributed to the success of their DMZ club night. Soon afterwards,

11410-428: The 1970s) to provide alternatives to the four-on-the-floor style that dominated. During the early 1980s, the popularity of disco music sharply declined in the United States, abandoned by major US record labels and producers. Euro disco continued evolving within the broad mainstream pop music scene. Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop ; also called techno-pop ) is a music genre that first became prominent in

11573-455: The 1970s. Inspired by Jamaican sound system culture Jamaican-American DJ Kool Herc introduced large bass heavy speaker rigs to the Bronx . His parties are credited with having kick-started the New York City hip-hop movement in 1973. A technique developed by DJ Kool Herc that became popular in hip hop culture was playing two copies of the same record on two turntables, in alternation, and at

11736-540: The 1980s was shaped by the development of several new electronic musical instruments , particularly those from the Japanese Roland Corporation . The Roland TR-808 (often abbreviated as the "808") notably played an important role in the evolution of dance music, after Afrika Bambaataa 's " Planet Rock " (1982), made it very popular on dancefloors. The track, which also featured the melody line from Riot In Lagos (1980) of Ryuichi Sakamoto, informed

11899-461: The 1980s, Detroit DJs Juan Atkins , Derrick May , and Kevin Saunderson laid the foundation for a new style of music which would dubbed techno. They fused Chicago house influenced electronic and Detroit (including Motown) influenced funk sounds with the mechanical vibes of the post-industrial city, creating the techno sound of four-on-the-floor beat driven by a kick drum on the quarter notes and

12062-436: The 1989—99 UK lineage: bleep 'n' bass, jungle, techstep , Photek -style neurofunk , speed garage , [and] 2 step." Reynolds comments that the traces of pre-existing styles "worked through their intrinsic sonic effects but also as signifiers, tokenings-back addressed to those who know ". Dubstep's early roots are in the more experimental releases of UK garage producers, seeking to incorporate elements of drum and bass into

12225-413: The 1990s rave scene. It has been described as an era of electronic music, being described in a MixMag article as being "the drop-heavy, stadium-filling, fist-pumping, chart-topping, massively commercial main stage sound that conquered America...possibly somewhere between electro and progressive house, directed by Michael Bay, and like many music genres, trying to pin it down exactly is like trying to grab

12388-415: The 2000s and into the early 2010s, the genre started to become more commercially successful in the UK, with more singles and remixes entering the music charts. Music journalists and critics also noticed a dubstep influence in several pop artists' work. Around this time, producers also began to fuse elements of the original dubstep sound with other influences, creating fusion genres including future garage and

12551-643: The Forward>;> sound as "b-lines to make your chest cavity shudder." Forward>> also ran a radio show on east London pirate station Rinse FM , hosted by Kode9 . The original Forward>> line ups included Hatcha , Youngsta, Kode 9, Zed Bias, Oris Jay, Slaughter Mob, Jay Da Flex, DJ Slimzee , and others, plus regular guests. The line up of residents has changed over the years to include Youngsta, Hatcha, Geeneus, and Plastician , with Crazy D as MC/host. Producers including D1, Skream and Benga make regular appearances. Another crucial element in

12714-461: The House " by Coldcut (1988) entered the pop charts. The electronic instrumentation and minimal arrangement of Charanjit Singh 's Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat (1982), an album of Indian ragas performed in a disco style, anticipated the sounds of acid house music, but it is not known to have had any influence on the genre prior to the album's rediscovery in the 21st century. In

12877-541: The Jamaican sound system party scene in the early 1980s. Dubstep is generally characterised by the use of syncopated rhythmic patterns , with prominent basslines , and a dark tone. In 2001, this underground sound and other strains of garage music began to be showcased and promoted at London's night club Plastic People, at the "Forward" night (sometimes stylised as FWD>>), and on the pirate radio station Rinse FM , which went on to be considerably influential to

13040-542: The Mass venue, a converted church) saw fans attending from places as far away as Sweden , the United States, and Australia, leading to a queue of 600 people at the event. This forced the club to move from its regular 400-capacity space to Mass' main room, an event cited as a pivotal moment in dubstep's history. Later Mala would also found the influential label Deep Medi Musik . In 2004, Richard James ' label, Rephlex , released two compilations that included dubstep tracks –

13203-509: The Midwest, and California. Although the pioneer genres of electro , Chicago house and Detroit techno were influential both in Europe and the United States, mainstream media outlets and the record industry in the United States remained openly hostile to it until the 1990s and beyond. There was also a perceived association between EDM and drug culture , which led governments at state and city levels to enact laws and policies intended to halt

13366-553: The Official UK Singles Chart. DJ Fresh and Nero both had number one singles in 2011 with " Louder " and " Promises ". Strong baselines imported from dubstep continued in popular music with the Taylor Swift song " I Knew You Were Trouble ", which made number 1 on Billboard's U.S. Mainstream Top 40 chart. In early 2011, the term "post-dubstep" (sometimes known as " UK bass " or simply "bass music")

13529-520: The Tempa Label. The sound's first North American ambassador, Baltimore DJ Joe Nice helped kickstart its spread into the continent. Regular Dubstep club nights started appearing in cities like New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Montreal, Houston, and Denver, while Mary Anne Hobbs curated a Dubstep showcase at 2007's Sónar festival in Barcelona. Non-British artists have also won praise within

13692-402: The United States, where many formerly successful dubstep artists became popular. Artists such as Skrillex, for instance, moved on to producing tracks for trap and pop artists, while artists such as Mount Kimbie and James Blake shifted their sounds from post-dubstep into more experimental or soulful electronic influenced music. Pioneers of dubstep such as Skream and Loefah moved away from

13855-476: The aggression and impact of brostep with the rich tonality and musicality of melodic dubstep, drawing on the best elements of both sides and fusing tonality with mid-range bass sound design. Artists like 501, Subscape, and Gemini have experimented upon this style of production in the earlier 2010s. English dubstep producer Chime coined the term " colour bass " describing this style of dubstep due to its focus on vibrant, bright and colourful production, and founded

14018-428: The attention of metal bands. Nu metal band Korn 's 2011 album The Path of Totality features several collaborations with electronic music producers, including Skrillex and Excision. This style of dubstep is sometimes known as metalstep . In the early 2010s, UK artists began to play with a style of dubstep reminiscent of a resurgence or continuation of original British dubstep styles. This became known as Riddim ,

14181-475: The audio example). It is very common for the bass to drop at or very close to 55 seconds into the song, because 55 seconds is just over 32 measures at the common tempo of 140 bpm. However, this (or the existence of a bass drop in general) is by no means a completely rigid characteristic, rather a trope; a large portion of seminal tunes from producers like Kode9 and Horsepower Productions have more experimental song structures which do not rely on

14344-724: The birth of electro. As the electronic sound developed, instruments such as the bass guitar and drums were replaced by synthesizers and most notably by iconic drum machines , particularly the Roland TR-808 and the Yamaha DX7 . Early uses of the TR-808 include several Yellow Magic Orchestra tracks in 1980–1981, the 1982 track " Planet Rock " by Afrika Bambaataa , and the 1982 song " Sexual Healing " by Marvin Gaye . In 1982, producer Arthur Baker , with Afrika Bambaataa , released

14507-503: The choice of samples). However, this developed in tandem with the often positive reputation of the music as part of the wider rave scene and dance hall-based Jamaican music culture prevalent in London. By 1995, whether as a reaction to, or independently of this cultural schism, some jungle producers began to move away from the ragga-influenced style and create what would become collectively labelled, for convenience, as drum and bass. Dubstep

14670-654: The commercialization of hip-hop in the early 2000s. Heineken has a marketing relationship with the Ultra Music Festival, and has incorporated Dutch producers Armin van Buuren and Tiësto into its ad campaigns. Anheuser-Busch has a similar relationship as beer sponsor of SFX Entertainment events. In 2014, 7 Up launched "7x7Up"—a multi-platform EDM-based campaign that included digital content, advertising featuring producers, and branded stages at both Ultra and Electric Daisy Carnival. Wireless carrier T-Mobile US entered into an agreement with SFX to become

14833-487: The common tropes of the genre. The early sounds of proto-dubstep originally came out of productions during 1999–2000 by producers such as Oris Jay, El-B , Steve Gurley and Zed Bias . Neil Jolliffe of Tempa Recordings coined the term "dubstep" in 2002. Ammunition Promotions, who run the influential club night Forward>> and have managed many proto-dubstep record labels (including Tempa, Soulja, Road, Vehicle, Shelflife, Texture, Lifestyle and Bingo), began to use

14996-476: The definition of MIDI and the use of dance beats, led to a more commercial and accessible sound for synth-pop. This, its adoption by the style-conscious acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV , led to success for large numbers of British synth-pop acts (including Duran Duran and Spandau Ballet ) in the United States. The use of digital sampling and looping in popular music

15159-414: The development of dubstep. The term "dubstep" in reference to a genre of music began to be used by around 2002 by labels such as Big Apple , Ammunition , and Tempa , by which time stylistic trends used in these remixes became more noticeable and distinct from 2-step and grime . A very early supporter of the sound was BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel , who started playing it from 2003 onwards. In 2004,

15322-467: The development of electronic dance music, and subgenres including Miami bass and Detroit techno , and popularized the 808 as a "fundamental element of futuristic sound". According to Slate , "Planet Rock" "didn't so much put the 808 on the map so much as reorient an entire world of post-disco dance music around it". The Roland TR-909 , TB-303 and Juno-60 similarly influenced electronic dance music such as techno , house and acid . During

15485-634: The dubstep scene. Digital Mystikz brought an expanded palette of sounds and influences to the genre, most prominently reggae and dub, as well as orchestral melodies. After releasing 12-inch singles on Big Apple, they founded DMZ Records, which has released fourteen 12"s to date. They also began their night DMZ, held every two months in Brixton , a part of London already strongly associated with reggae. DMZ has showcased new dubstep artists such as Skream, Kode 9, Benga, Pinch , DJ Youngsta, Hijak, Joe Nice , and Vex'd. DMZ's first anniversary event (at

15648-501: The early development of dubstep was the Big Apple Records record shop in Croydon . Key artists such as Hatcha and later Skream worked in the shop (which initially sold early UK Hardcore / Rave, Techno and House and later, garage and drum and bass, but evolved with the emerging dubstep scene in the area), while Digital Mystikz were frequent visitors. El-B, Zed Bias, Horsepower Productions , Plastician, N Type, Walsh and

15811-644: The early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808 ) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61 ) synthesizer . "On and On" is sometimes cited as the 'first house record', though other examples from around that time, such as J.M. Silk 's " Music is the Key " (1985), have also been cited. House music quickly spread to American cities including New York City, and Newark , and Detroit—all of which developed their own regional scenes. In

15974-405: The emergence of what is called a subgenre . Hybridization, where elements of two or more genres are combined, can lead to the emergence of an entirely new genre of EDM. In the late 1960s bands such as Silver Apples created electronic music intended for dancing. Other early examples of music that influenced later electronic dance music include Jamaican dub music during the late 1960s to 1970s,

16137-403: The first Detroit productions to receive wider attention was Derrick May's " Strings of Life " (1987), which, together with May's previous release, "Nude Photo" (1987), helped raise techno's profile in Europe, especially the UK and Germany, during the 1987–1988 house music boom (see Second Summer of Love ). It became May's best-known track, which, according to Frankie Knuckles, "just exploded. It

16300-615: The first-ever Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart. By 2005, the prominence of dance music in North American popular culture had markedly increased. According to Spin , Daft Punk 's performance at Coachella in 2006 was the "tipping point" for EDM—it introduced the duo to a new generation of "rock kids". As noted by Entertainment Weekly , Justin Timberlake 's " SexyBack " helped introduce EDM sounds to top 40 radio , as it brought together variations of electronic dance music with

16463-403: The genre (as well as others, including grime) is sometimes referred to as "140". In its early stages, dubstep was often more percussive, with more influences from two‑step drum patterns. Many producers were also experimenting with tribal drum samples, such as Loefah's early release "Truly Dread" and Mala's "Anti-War Dub". In an Invisible Jukebox interview with The Wire , Kode9 commented on

16626-459: The genre was receiving extensive coverage in music magazines such as The Wire and online publications such as Pitchfork , with a regular feature entitled The Month In: Grime/Dubstep . Interest in dubstep grew significantly after BBC Radio 1 DJ Mary Anne Hobbs started championing the genre, beginning with a show devoted to it (entitled "Dubstep Warz") in January 2006. Towards the end of

16789-460: The genre, moving on to other genres instead. Loefah stopped playing and producing dubstep and moved on to UK bass, founding his record label Swamp81 in the process. Skream shifted away from dubstep, choosing to instead produce and play house and techno music in his DJ sets and releasing various techno songs on Alan Fitzpatrick's record label We Are The Brave. Around the early to mid 2010s, a niche development of dubstep began to emerge which combines

16952-402: The genre, such as double-time bass drums, 8-bit video game samples , hand percussion and lushly arranged strings. Mary Anne Hobbs commented that, unlike "Grime and drum 'n' bass raves, the mood at dubstep nights is less aggressive, or more meditative, leading to a larger female attendance at events than with the genre's precursors. You see the female-to-male ratio constantly going up – it's got

17115-489: The ground floor and Jungle on the first floor. After Hughes and Robertson had left. Artwork was invited by Kennedy to turn the second floor into his studio, and the first floor (which now stocked Drum & Bass ) was replaced with listening booths. At some point Hijak joined Artwork in the upstairs studio. DJ Chef was known to come to the shop and park his moped with attached sound system outside, so that customers could listen to their records. Neil Joliffe worked as

17278-539: The hype around the DMZ night and support from online forums (notably dubstepforum.com) and media, the scene gained prominence after Radio 1 DJ Mary Anne Hobbs gathered top figures from the scene for one show, entitled "Dubstep Warz", (later releasing the compilation album Warrior Dubz ). The show created a new global audience for the scene, after years of exclusively UK underground buzz. Burial 's self-titled album appearing in many critics' "Best of ..." lists for

17441-528: The innovative techniques of electronic dance music onto the American pop charts" By the mid-2000s, Dutch producer Tiësto was bringing worldwide popular attention to EDM after providing a soundtrack to the entry of athletes during the opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics — an event which The Guardian deemed as one of the 50 most important events in dance music. In 2003, the influence of dance music on American radio resulted in Billboard creating

17604-727: The larger Dubstep community. The dynamic dubstep scene in Japan is growing quickly despite its cultural and geographical distance from the West. Such DJ/producers as Goth-Trad , Hyaku-mado, Ena and Doppelganger are major figures in the Tokyo scene. Joe Nice has played at DMZ, while the fifth instalment of Tempa's "Dubstep Allstars" mix series (released in 2007) included tracks by Finnish producer Tes La Rok and Americans JuJu and Matty G. Techno artists and DJs began assimilating dubstep into their sets and productions. Shackleton's "Blood on My Hands"

17767-521: The last year of his show, a listeners vote included songs by Distance , Digital Mystikz , and Plastician as the top 50 for the year. Dubstep started to enter mainstream British popular culture when it spread beyond small local scenes in late 2005 and early 2006; many websites devoted to the genre appeared on the Internet and aided the growth of the scene, such as dubstepforum, the download site Barefiles and blogs such as gutterbreakz. Simultaneously,

17930-551: The late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock , electronic , art rock , disco . Early synth-pop pioneers included Japanese group Yellow Magic Orchestra , and British bands Ultravox , the Human League and Berlin Blondes . The Human League used monophonic synthesizers to produce music with

18093-548: The margins of the US industry . In 1998, Madonna 's album Ray of Light —heavily influenced by club music trends and produced with British producer William Orbit —brought dance music to the attention of popular music listeners. In the late 1990s, despite US media interest in dance music re-branded as electronica, American house and techno producers continued to travel abroad to establish their careers as DJs and producers. According to New York Times journalist Kelefa Sanneh, Aaliyah 's 2000 single " Try Again " "helped smuggle

18256-567: The market, and the first in their influential Technics series of turntables. The most influential turntable was the Technics SL-1200 , which was developed in 1971 by a team led by Shuichi Obata at Matsushita, which then released it onto the market in 1972. In the 1980s and 1990s hip-hop DJs used turntables as musical instruments in their own right and virtuosic use developed into a creative practice called turntablism. In 1974, George McCrae 's early disco hit " Rock Your Baby "

18419-578: The mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Chicago House experienced some commercial success in Europe with releases such as "House Nation" by House Master Boyz and the Rude Boy of House (1987). Following this, a number of house inspired releases such as " Pump Up The Volume " by M|A|R|R|S (1987), " Theme from S'Express " by S'Express (1988), and " Doctorin'

18582-401: The mixtape project Mr Grustle & Tha Russian Dubstep LA Embrace The Renaissance Vol. 1 Mixed by Plastician . In summer 2009, rapper and actress Eve used Benga's "E Trips"; adding her own verses over the beat to create a new tune called "Me N My"; the first single from her unreleased album Flirt . The track was co-produced by Benga and hip hop producer Salaam Remi . Throughout 2010,

18745-592: The music industry by acquainting with established "big name" DJs and producers. Producers like Martin Garrix and Porter Robinson are often noted for their ghost production work for other producers while David Guetta and Steve Aoki are noted for their usage of ghost producers in their songs whereas DJs like Tiësto have been openly crediting their producers in an attempt to avoid censure and for transparency. Many ghost producers sign agreements that prevent them from working for anyone else or establishing themselves as

18908-689: The number one and number two spots, respectively, on the UK top 40 singles chart. Since then, electro-house producers such as Feed Me , Knife Party , The M Machine , Porter Robinson , Yasutaka Nakata and Dada Life have emerged. Trap music originated from techno , dub, and Dutch house , but also from the original off-shoot of Southern hip hop in the late 2000s and early 2010s. This form of trap music can be simplified by these three features: "1/3 hip hop (tempo and song structure are similar, most tracks are usually between 70 and 110 bpm) – with vocals sometimes being pitched down, 1/3 dance music – high-pitched Dutch synth work, hardstyle sampling, as well as

19071-427: The official wireless sponsor of its events, and partnered with Above & Beyond to sponsor its 2015 tour. In August 2015, SFX began to experience declines in its value, and a failed bid by CEO Sillerman to take the company private. The company began looking into strategic alternatives that could have resulted in the sale of the company. In October 2015, Forbes declared the possibility of an EDM " bubble ", in

19234-606: The origins of the genre can be traced back to the growth of the Jamaican sound system party scene in the early 1980s. The earliest known dubstep releases date back to 1998, and were usually featured as B-sides of 2-step garage single releases. These tracks were darker, more experimental remixes with less emphasis on vocals, and attempted to incorporate elements of breakbeat and drum and bass into 2-step. In 2001, this and other strains of dark garage music began to be showcased and promoted at London's nightclub Plastic People, at

19397-454: The point where a track featured a break . This technique was further used to manually loop a purely percussive break, leading to what was later called a break beat . Turntablism has origins in the invention of the direct-drive turntable , by Shuichi Obata, an engineer at Matsushita (now Panasonic ). In 1969, Matsushita released it as the SP-10 , the first direct-drive turntable on

19560-621: The popularization of electronic dance music was associated with European rave and club culture and it achieved limited popular exposure in the United States. By the mid-to-late 1990s this began to change as the American music industry made efforts to market a range of dance genres as " electronica ". At the time, a wave of electronic music bands from the United Kingdom, including The Prodigy , The Chemical Brothers , Fatboy Slim and Underworld , had been prematurely associated with an "American electronica revolution". But rather than finding mainstream success, many established EDM acts were relegated to

19723-559: The post-disco era include dance-pop , boogie , electro , Hi-NRG , Italo disco , house , and techno . In the early 1980s, electro (short for "electro-funk") emerged as a fusion of synth-pop , funk , and boogie . Also called electro-funk or electro-boogie, but later shortened to electro, cited pioneers include Ryuichi Sakamoto , Afrika Bambaataa , Zapp , D.Train , and Sinnamon . Early hip hop and rap combined white European electropop influences such as Giorgio Moroder, Dan Lacksman (Telex) and Yellow Magic Orchestra inspired

19886-670: The post-disco era that followed the backlash against " disco " which began in the mid to late 1979, which in the United States lead to civil unrest and a riot in Chicago known as the Disco Demolition Night , an underground movement of "stripped-down" disco inspired music featuring "radically different sounds" started to emerge on the East Coast . This new scene was seen primarily in the New York metropolitan area and

20049-473: The potential to be 40:60". Purple sound emerged in Bristol in late 2008 out of the splintering dubstep scene and took inspiration from wonky , which it is sometimes considered a part of. It incorporates synth-funk from the 1980s and G-funk production from the 1990s into dubstep, while also introducing many aspects of grime and 8-bit music. Several prominent purple sound artists cite video game music as

20212-400: The presence of dubstep in the pop charts was notable, with " I Need Air " by Magnetic Man reaching number 10 in the UK singles chart. This presented a turning point in the popularity of mainstream dubstep amongst UK listeners as it was placed on rotation on BBC Radio 1 . " Katy on a Mission " by Katy B (produced by Benga) followed, debuting at number 5 in the UK singles chart, and stayed in

20375-444: The record label Rushdown in 2016 to promote it. Despite the overall declining popularity of dubstep in mainstream culture, colour bass has been promoted by veteran electronic labels like Monstercat around the early 2020s, with artists like Skybreak, Ace Aura , and Chime himself finding success in producing colour bass music. Electronic dance music Electronic dance music ( EDM ), also referred to as club music ,

20538-1023: The same year. The early 1980s were electro's mainstream peak. According to author Steve Taylor, Afrika Bambaataa's Planet Rock serves as a "template for all interesting dance music since". In the early 1980s, Chicago radio jocks The Hot Mix 5 and club DJs Ron Hardy and Frankie Knuckles played various styles of dance music, including older disco records (mostly Philly disco and Salsoul tracks), Italo Disco, electro funk tracks by artists such as Afrika Bambaataa , newer Italo disco , B-Boy hip hop music by Man Parrish , Jellybean Benitez , Arthur Baker , and John Robie , and electronic pop music by Giorgio Moroder and Yellow Magic Orchestra . Some made and played their own edits of their favorite songs on reel-to-reel tape, and sometimes mixed in effects, drum machines, and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation. The hypnotic electronic dance song "On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence , had elements that became staples of

20701-413: The seminal " Planet Rock ", which was influenced by Yellow Magic Orchestra (Ryuichi Sakamoto - Riot In Lagos 1980) and had drum beats supplied by the TR-808. Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, " Nunk " by Warp 9 . In 1983, Hashim created an electro-funk sound with "Al-Naafyish (The Soul)" that influenced Herbie Hancock , resulting in his hit single " Rockit "

20864-408: The shop most days. Hatcha started working in the shop when he was young, and was noted for his salesmanship and ability on the decks , but his lack of work ethic caused some tension between him and Kennedy. Coki was introduced to the shop by Mala, who told him that the music he was producing matched the style of the shop. The shop closed in November 2004, 12 years to the day after it opened. This

21027-406: The shop. Dubstep Dubstep is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in South London in the early 2000s. The style emerged as a UK garage offshoot that blended 2-step rhythms and sparse dub production, as well as incorporating elements of broken beat , grime , and drum and bass . In the United Kingdom, the origins of the genre can be traced back to the growth of

21190-431: The singer's R&B sounds. In 2009, French house musician David Guetta began to gain prominence in mainstream pop music thanks to several crossover hits on Top 40 charts such as " When Love Takes Over " with Kelly Rowland , as well as his collaborations with US pop and hip hop acts such as Akon (" Sexy Bitch ") and The Black Eyed Peas (" I Gotta Feeling "). The music sharing website SoundCloud , as well as

21353-535: The slower and more experimental post-dubstep . The harsher electro-house and heavy metal -influenced variant brostep , led by American producers such as Skrillex , greatly contributed to dubstep's popularity in the United States. The music website AllMusic has described dubstep's overall sound as "tightly coiled productions with overwhelming bass lines and reverberant drum patterns, clipped samples, and occasional vocals." According to Simon Reynolds , dubstep's constituents originally came from "different points in

21516-484: The sound into other genres, in a manner similar to drum and bass before it. At the start of the year, UK electronic duo La Roux put their single " In for the Kill " in the remix hands of Skream . They then gave remix duties of " I'm Not Your Toy " to Nero and then again with their single " Bulletproof " being remixed by Zinc . The same year, London producer Silkie released an influential album, City Limits Vol. 1 , on

21679-427: The soundtrack to much of the second series of Dubplate Drama , which aired on Channel 4 with a soundtrack CD later released on Rinse Recordings . A track by Skream also featured in the second series of the teen drama Skins , which also aired on Channel 4 in early 2008. In the summer of 2008, Mary Anne Hobbs invited Cyrus, Starkey, Oneman , DJ Chef , Silkie , Quest, Joker , Nomad, Kulture and MC Sgt Pokes to

21842-402: The spread of rave culture. Subsequently, in the new millennium, the popularity of EDM increased globally, particularly in the United States and Australia. By the early 2010s, the term "electronic dance music" and the initialism "EDM" was being pushed by the American music industry and music press in an effort to rebrand American rave culture. Despite the industry's attempt to create

22005-569: The synthesizer-based disco music of Italian producer Giorgio Moroder in the late 1970s, and the electropop of Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra in the mid-to-late 1970s. Author Michael Veal considers dub music , a Jamaican music stemming from roots reggae and sound system culture that flourished between 1968 and 1985, to be one of the important precursors to contemporary electronic dance music. Dub productions were remixed reggae tracks that emphasized rhythm, fragmented lyrical and melodic elements, and reverberant textures. The music

22168-524: The term "dubstep" to describe this style of music in around 2002. The term's use in a 2002 XLR8R cover story (featuring Horsepower Productions on the cover) contributed to it becoming established as the name of the genre. Forward>> was originally held at the Velvet Rooms in London's Soho and later moved to Plastic People in Shoreditch , east London. Founded in 2001, Forward>>

22331-560: The top 10 for five more weeks. Also, in 2010, American producer Skrillex had achieved moderate commercial success in North America with a dubstep-influenced sound. By 2011, his EP Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites had peaked at number three on the U.S. Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart. In February 2011, Chase & Status 's second album No More Idols reached No. 2 in the UK album chart. On 1 May 2011, Nero 's third single " Guilt " from their album reached number 8 in

22494-488: The trance crowd led directly to a more commercial, chart-oriented sound since trance had never enjoyed much chart action in the first place. Emphasizing the smoother sound of Eurodance or house (and occasionally more reminiscent of Jean-Michel Jarre than Basement Jaxx ), Progressive Trance became the sound of the world's dance floors by the end of the millennium. Critics ridiculed its focus on predictable breakdowns and relative lack of skill to beat-mix, but progressive trance

22657-455: The use of digital sampling in popular music, as the first album consisting of mostly samples and loops . The album was produced using Toshiba-EMI 's LMD-649 digital PCM sampler , which engineer Kenji Murata custom-built for YMO. The LMD-649 was also used for sampling by other Japanese synthpop artists in the early 1980s, including YMO-associated acts such as Chiemi Manabe and Logic System . The emergence of electronic dance music in

22820-496: The video sharing website YouTube, also helped fuel interest in electronic music. Dubstep producer Skrillex popularized a harsher sound dubbed " Brostep ", which had drawn comparisons to the aggression and tone of heavy metal . With the increasing popularity of electronic dance music, promoters and venues realized that DJs could generate larger profits than traditional musicians; Diplo explained that "a band plays [for] 45 minutes; DJs can play for four hours. Rock bands—there's

22983-468: The wake of the declines at SFX Entertainment, slowing growth in revenue, the increasing costs of organizing festivals and booking talent, as well as an oversaturation of festivals in the eastern and western United States. Insomniac CEO Pasquale Rotella felt that the industry would weather the financial uncertainty of the overall market by focusing on "innovation" and entering into new markets. Despite forecasts that interest in popular EDM would wane, in 2015 it

23146-407: The year, notably The Wire' s Best Album of 2006. The sound was also featured prominently in the soundtrack for the 2006 sci-fi film Children of Men , which included Digital Mystikz, Random Trio, Kode 9, Pressure and DJ Pinch. Ammunition also released the first retrospective compilation of the 2000–2004 era of dubstep called The Roots of Dubstep , co-compiled by Ammunition and Blackdown on

23309-512: Was an important proving ground for American underground dance music. The success of house and acid house paved the way for Detroit Techno , a style that was initially supported by a handful of house music clubs in Chicago, New York, and Northern England, with Detroit clubs catching up later. The term Techno first came into use after a release of a 10 Records/Virgin Records compilation titled Techno: The Dance Sound of Detroit in 1988. One of

23472-604: Was caned by the hottest DJ." By the early 1990s, a style of music developed within the rave scene that had an identity distinct from American house and techno. This music, much like hip-hop before it, combined sampled syncopated beats or breakbeats, other samples from a wide range of different musical genres, and, occasionally, samples of music, dialogue, and effects from films and television programmes. Relative to earlier styles of dance music such as house and techno, so-called 'rave music' tended to emphasise bass sounds and use faster tempos, or beats per minute (BPM). This subgenre

23635-418: Was caused in part to a decline in vinyl sales due to the rise of the internet. People ripping records and posting them on sites like The Dubstep Forums (DSF) was a major factor. As well as the artists like Skream and Hatcha that worked in the shop, others including Digital Mystikz were frequent visitors. El-B, Zed Bias , Horsepower Productions , Plastician , N Type, Walsh and Loefah also regularly visited

23798-492: Was characterized by "soulful synths, 808s, the pan flute, sharp snares and long, syrup-slurred vowels" which created dirty and aggressive beats resulting in "dark melodies". Trap is now mainly used to create remixes of already existing songs. In 1980 English producer Richard James Burgess , and his band Landscape , used the term on the sleeve of the single "European Man": "Electronic Dance Music... EDM; computer programmed to perfection for your listening pleasure." In response to

23961-445: Was critical to the development of dubstep, providing the first venue devoted to the sound and an environment in which dubstep producers could premier new music. Around this time, Forward>> was also incubating several other strains of dark garage hybrids, so much so that in the early days of the club the coming together of these strains was referred to as the "Forward>> sound". An online flyer from around this time encapsulated

24124-413: Was describing electronic dance music as the fastest-growing genre in the world. Elements of electronic music also became increasingly prominent in pop music. Radio and television also contributed to dance music's mainstream acceptance. Corporate consolidation in the EDM industry began in 2012—especially in terms of live events. In June 2012, media executive Robert F. X. Sillerman —founder of what

24287-455: Was founded in November 1992 by Gary Hughes, Steve Robertson, and John-Paul Kennedy. Hughes and Robertson were friends who brought on Kennedy only a few weeks before the shop opened as they required further investment. In 1996 Hughes and Robertson were bought out of the business to leave only Kennedy, as pressure from nearby record shops meant they could no longer sustain three partners. The shop initially stocked Progressive House and Techno on

24450-420: Was gradually replaced by distorted bass riffs that function roughly in the same register as the electric guitar in heavy metal . The term brostep has been used by some as a pejorative descriptor for a style of popular dubstep developed in the United States. The producer known as Rusko himself claimed in an interview on BBC Radio 1Xtra that "brostep is sort of my fault, but now I've started to hate it in

24613-535: Was initially led by the urban contemporary artists that were responding to the over-commercialization and subsequent demise of disco culture. The sound that emerged originated from P-Funk the electronic side of disco , dub music , and other genres. Much of the music produced during this time was, like disco, catering to a singles-driven market. At this time creative control started shifting to independent record companies, less established producers, and club DJs. Other dance styles that began to become popular during

24776-455: Was known as "hardcore" rave, but from as early as 1991, some musical tracks made up of these high-tempo breakbeats, with heavy basslines and samples of older Jamaican music, were referred to as "jungle techno ", a genre influenced by Jack Smooth and Basement Records, and later just "jungle", which became recognized as a separate musical genre popular at raves and on pirate radio in Britain. It

24939-416: Was like something you can't imagine, the kind of power and energy people got off that record when it was first heard. Mike Dunn says he has no idea how people can accept a record that doesn't have a bassline." According to British DJ Mark Moore , "Strings of Life" led London club-goers to accept house: "because most people hated house music and it was all rare groove and hip hop...I'd play 'Strings of Life' at

25102-518: Was nominated for the 2008 Nationwide Mercury Music Prize in the UK) incorporated extensive use of heavily manipulated, mostly female, 'girl next door' vocal samples. Burial has spoken at length regarding his intent to reincorporate elements of musical precursors such as 2-step garage and house into his sound. Much like drum and bass before it, dubstep started to become incorporated into other media. In 2007, Benga, Skream, and other dubstep producers provided

25265-457: Was one of the first DJ's to mix the sound of grime and dubstep together, has worked with notable grime setup Boy Better Know as well as renowned Grime MC's such as Wiley, Dizzee Rascal and Lethal Bizzle. He has also released tracks with a dubstep foundation and grime verses over the beats. Dubstep artist and label co-owner Sam Shackleton has moved toward productions which fall outside the usual dubstep tempo, and sometimes entirely lack most of

25428-805: Was one of the first records to use a drum machine , an early Roland rhythm machine. The use of drum machines in disco production was influenced by Sly and the Family Stone 's " Family Affair " (1971), with its rhythm echoed in McCrae's "Rock Your Baby", and Timmy Thomas ' " Why Can't We Live Together " (1972). Disco producer Biddu used synthesizers in several disco songs from 1976 to 1977, including "Bionic Boogie" from Rain Forest (1976), "Soul Coaxing" (1977), and Eastern Man and Futuristic Journey (recorded from 1976 to 1977). Acts like Donna Summer , Chic , Earth, Wind & Fire , Heatwave , and

25591-778: Was only with the advent of 21st-century technology that African EDM truly began to thrive. Popular contemporary millennium Afro-EDM genres and styles can be found within the gqom ( South Africa ) and Afrobeats ( Nigeria ) genres. Music scenes in other African countries exist such as in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (tekno kintueni). Pon Pon (also ADM or African Dance Music) emerged in Nigeria circa 2018 denoting EDM influences intermingled with Afrobeats, Nigerian Afropop, dancehall and highlife . A variant

25754-471: Was pioneered by Japanese electronic music band Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO). Their approach to sampling was a precursor to the contemporary approach of constructing music by cutting fragments of sounds and looping them using computer technology. " Computer Game/Firecracker " (1978) interpolated a Martin Denny melody, and sampled Space Invaders video game sounds . Technodelic (1981) introduced

25917-446: Was pioneered by King Tubby and other Jamaican sound artists, using DJ-inspired ambient electronics, complete with drop-outs, echo, equalization and psychedelic electronic effects. It featured layering techniques and incorporated elements of world music , deep bass lines and harmonic sounds. Techniques such as a long echo delay were also used. Hip hop music has had some influence in the development of electronic dance music since

26080-402: Was pioneered by studio engineers, such as Sylvan Morris, King Tubby , Errol Thompson , Lee "Scratch" Perry , and Scientist . Their productions included forms of tape editing and sound processing that Veal considers comparable to techniques used in musique concrète . Dub producers made improvised deconstructions of existing multi-track reggae mixes by using the studio mixing board as

26243-875: Was remixed by minimal techno producer Ricardo Villalobos (an act reciprocated when Villalobos included a Shackleton mix on his "Vasco" EP) and included on a mix CD by Panoramabar resident Cassy. Ellen Allien and Apparat 's 2006 song "Metric" (from the Orchestra of Bubbles album), Modeselektor 's "Godspeed" (from the 2007's Happy Birthday! album, among other tracks on that same album) and Roman Flugel's remix of Riton 's "Hammer of Thor" are other examples of dubstep-influenced techno. Berlin's Hard Wax record store (operated by influential dub techno artists Basic Channel) has also championed Shackleton's Skull Disco label, later broadening its focus to include other dubstep releases. The summer of 2007 saw dubstep's musical palette expand further, with Benga and Coki scoring

26406-611: Was the center of the scene. Amnesia became known across Europe and by the mid to late 1980s it was drawing people from all over the continent. By 1988, house music had become the most popular form of club music in Europe, with acid house developing as a notable trend in the United Kingdom and Germany in the same year. In the UK an established warehouse party subculture , centered on the British African-Caribbean sound system scene fueled underground after-parties that featured dance music exclusively. Also in 1988,

26569-555: Was used to describe club music that was influenced by certain aspects of dubstep. Such music often references earlier dubstep productions as well as UK garage , 2-step and other forms of underground electronic dance music . Artists producing music described as post-dubstep have also incorporated elements of ambient music and early R&B . The latter in particular is heavily sampled by three artists described as post-dubstep: Mount Kimbie , Fantastic Mr Fox and James Blake . The tempo of music typically characterised as post-dubstep

#361638