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39-443: King wrote the song while attending school, and recalled the tune during a recording session with Longhair arranged by Wardell Quezergue . Longhair originally wanted to record the song with a small ensemble, but Quezergue, King, and Smokey Johnson (who also played on the session) convinced him to include an eleven- or fifteen-piece horn ensemble on the 1964 recording. The song refers to Mardi Gras Indian groups; an important part of

78-452: A /12 if the prongs have rectangular cross-section of width a along the direction of motion. Tuning forks have traditionally been used to tune musical instruments , though electronic tuners have largely replaced them. Forks can be driven electrically by placing electronic oscillator -driven electromagnets close to the prongs. A number of keyboard musical instruments use principles similar to tuning forks. The most popular of these

117-654: A 360- hertz steel tuning fork as its timekeeper, powered by electromagnets attached to a battery-powered transistor oscillator circuit. The fork provided greater accuracy than conventional balance wheel watches. The humming sound of the tuning fork was audible when the watch was held to the ear. Alternatives to the common A=440 standard include philosophical or scientific pitch with standard pitch of C=512. According to Rayleigh , physicists and acoustic instrument makers used this pitch. The tuning fork John Shore gave to George Frideric Handel produces C=512. Tuning forks, usually C512, are used by medical practitioners to assess

156-456: A New Orleans funk standard. Robert Parker 's " Barefootin' " from the label reached number two on the R&;B chart . Other artists on the label included Eddie Bo and Willie Tee . Later he signed a production deal with Malaco Records of Jackson, Mississippi , and recorded King Floyd 's " Groove Me " and Jean Knight 's " Mr. Big Stuff " in a single week. Both songs reached number one on

195-546: A classical composition titled A Creole Mass . The composition is a tribute to the fallen soldier who replaced Quezergue in combat decades earlier during the Korean War. In 2003 Quezergue produced an album for soul singer-songwriter Will Porter. The album, titled Happy , was recognized as best produced CD of the year by the New York Blues & Jazz Society. The album featured Billy Preston , Leo Nocentelli and

234-463: A frequency of 32,768 Hz in the ultrasonic range (above the range of human hearing). It is made to vibrate by small oscillating voltages applied by an electronic oscillator circuit to metal electrodes plated on the surface of the crystal. Quartz is piezoelectric , so the voltage causes the tines to bend rapidly back and forth. The Accutron , an electromechanical watch developed by Max Hetzel and manufactured by Bulova beginning in 1960, used

273-453: A patient's hearing. This is most commonly done with two exams called the Weber test and Rinne test , respectively. Lower-pitched ones, usually at C128, are also used to check vibration sense as part of the examination of the peripheral nervous system. Orthopedic surgeons have explored using a tuning fork (lowest frequency C=128) to assess injuries where bone fracture is suspected. They hold

312-470: A real fracture while wondering if a response means a sprain. A systematic review published in 2014 in BMJ Open suggests that this technique is not reliable or accurate enough for clinical use. Tuning forks also play a role in several alternative therapy practices, such as sonopuncture and polarity therapy . A radar gun that measures the speed of cars or a ball in sports is usually calibrated with

351-406: A solid sheet is slid in between the prongs of a vibrating fork, the apparent volume actually increases , as this cancellation is reduced, just as a loudspeaker requires a baffle in order to radiate efficiently. Commercial tuning forks are tuned to the correct pitch at the factory, and the pitch and frequency in hertz is stamped on them. They can be retuned by filing material off the prongs. Filing

390-436: A standard temperature. The standard temperature is now 20 °C (68 °F), but 15 °C (59 °F) is an older standard. The pitch of other instruments is also subject to variation with temperature change. The frequency of a tuning fork depends on its dimensions and what it is made from: where The ratio I / A in the equation above can be rewritten as r /4 if the prongs are cylindrical with radius r , and

429-631: A tribute to the Native American tribes in the area who took in runaway slaves in the pre–Civil War era. Mardi Gras Indians wear elaborate, hand made costumes which feature massive feather headdresses and intricate bead work. The song is sampled in the song "Knock 'Em Out" from Alright, Still , the debut album from Lily Allen . This 1960s song-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Wardell Quezergue Wardell Joseph Quezergue ( / k ə ˈ z ɛər / kə- ZAIR ; March 12, 1930 – September 6, 2011)

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468-420: A tuning fork is specifically used in the Weber and Rinne tests for hearing in order to bypass the middle ear . If just held in open air, the sound of a tuning fork is very faint due to the acoustic impedance mismatch between the steel and air. Moreover, since the feeble sound waves emanating from each prong are 180° out of phase , those two opposite waves interfere , largely cancelling each other. Thus when

507-445: A tuning fork. Instead of the frequency, these forks are labeled with the calibration speed and radar band (e.g., X-band or K-band) they are calibrated for. Doubled and H-type tuning forks are used for tactical-grade Vibrating Structure Gyroscopes and various types of microelectromechanical systems . Tuning fork forms the sensing part of vibrating point level sensors . The tuning fork is kept vibrating at its resonant frequency by

546-413: A very pure tone , with most of the vibrational energy at the fundamental frequency . The reason for this is that the frequency of the first overtone is about ⁠ 5 / 2 ⁠ = ⁠ 25 / 4 ⁠ = 6 + 1 ⁄ 4 times the fundamental (about 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 octaves above it). By comparison, the first overtone of a vibrating string or metal bar is one octave above (twice)

585-806: Is a classical composition based on the religious theme of resurrection. It was composed over a two-year period. In August 2011 Quezergue approved final mixes of Will Porter's album Tick Tock Tick . The album featured Dr. John, Bettye LaVette , bassist Jimmy Haslip , guitarist Leo Nocentelli, drummer Bernard "Bunchy" Johnson and the Louisiana Philharmonic Strings. Quezergue died on September 6, 2011, in New Orleans at age 81. His wife of 60 years, Yoshi Tamaki, predeceased him in May 2011. The couple are survived by eight daughters and five sons, including bassist Brian Quezergue. Quezergue

624-429: Is partly converted into audible sound in air which involves a much greater motion ( particle velocity ) at a relatively low pressure (thus low acoustic impedance). The pitch of a tuning fork can also be heard directly through bone conduction , by pressing the tuning fork against the bone just behind the ear, or even by holding the stem of the fork in one's teeth, conveniently leaving both hands free. Bone conduction using

663-422: Is still a tiny motion induced in the handle in its longitudinal direction (thus at right angles to the oscillation of the prongs) which can be made audible using any sort of sound board . Thus by pressing the tuning fork's base against a sound board such as a wooden box, table top, or bridge of a musical instrument, this small motion, but which is at a high acoustic pressure (thus a very high acoustic impedance ),

702-473: Is the Rhodes piano , in which hammers hit metal tines that vibrate in the magnetic field of a pickup , creating a signal that drives electric amplification. The earlier, un-amplified dulcitone , which used tuning forks directly, suffered from low volume. The quartz crystal that serves as the timekeeping element in modern quartz clocks and watches is in the form of a tiny tuning fork. It usually vibrates at

741-498: The New Orleans Negro Musicians Union . Quezergue did not have a signature musical style. He approached each composition and each project individually. He avoided listening to hit songs on the radio because he thought it would bias his creativity. In the absence of a piano he would use a tuning fork to establish the pitch . In arranging, his first consideration was the bassline . He associated

780-551: The Pop chart . By this time Quezergue was so integrated in the New Orleans music scene that he declined a liberal offer to join Atlantic Records . As a result of his success, Quezergue's skills and Malaco studio were in demand in the 1970s and were used by artists as diverse as Paul Simon , Willie Nelson and B.B. King . In 1975 he arranged Dorothy Moore 's " Misty Blue " which crossed over and reached number three on

819-660: The African American Mardi Gras tradition. The "Indian Nation" of Mardi Gras Indian "gangs" in New Orleans includes the Wild Magnolias , the Golden Eagles, and several others. Mardi Gras Indian gangs have existed since the early 20th Century. Each gang performs its own original songs and dances on Mardi Gras Day, on "Super Sunday" (the Sunday before St. Patrick's Day) and at other functions in

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858-628: The Dixie Cups. By then a veteran arranger in his later years, Quezergue showed his longevity by conducting the concert. Also in 2009 he released an album titled Music for Children Ages 3 to 103 . The twelve-track album was funded by the Jazz Foundation of America . In 2010 Quezergue was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame . In 2011 he finished two works: The Passion , and an album by Will Porter. The Passion

897-621: The Gateway School of Music. He started to get work by rearranging popular hits for the local music market. He emerged as a bandleader in his own right in the mid-1950s with his band the Royal Dukes of Rhythm, and later with Wardell and the Sultans in the late 1950s. He taught music and arranged for well-known acts. His bands backed a variety of artists including Otis Redding . He was the recording secretary and lifelong member of

936-455: The Louisiana Philharmonic Strings. In 2005, by then legally blind, Quezergue lost his belongings and musical scores in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina . The following year benefit concerts were held on his behalf, led by Dr. John with support from other leading musicians including REM 's Mike Mills . In 2009 Quezergue received an honorary doctorate in music from Loyola University New Orleans for his commitment to public service and

975-537: The New Orleans music scene and the recipient of an honorary doctorate in music. Quezergue was born in the Seventh Ward of New Orleans into a musical family of creole descent. His father Sidney Quezergue Sr. played guitar and his mother Violetta Guimont played clarinet. His older brothers, Sidney Jr. and Leo, were jazz musicians. Sidney played the trumpet and Leo played the drums. The family played together on Sundays. Quezergue had no formal music training. He

1014-775: The Pop chart. He also worked with G.C. Cameron , former lead singer of the Spinners , the Pointer Sisters and many more. A twenty-track compilation album of Quezergue's lesser-known works from this era, titled Strung Out , was released in 2004. In 1980s Quezergue worked with the Neville Brothers . In 1992 he produced and arranged Dr. John 's Grammy Award–winning album Goin' Back to New Orleans . In late 1990s he produced horn arrangements for two big band albums by Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown . In 2000 he released

1053-659: The R&;B chart. Initially major labels, including Stax and Atlantic , had rejected the songs as uncommercial, so Malaco released "Groove Me" on its own label, Chimneyville Records. The song became King Floyd's biggest hit. It has been covered by artists as diverse as Etta James and Tom Petty . Stax eventually released "Mr. Big Stuff" and it became the biggest-selling release of the label reaching double platinum, outselling Otis Redding , Sam and Dave and other Stax acts. He also arranged two songs for The Dixie Cups , " Iko Iko " and " Chapel of Love " which reached number one on

1092-482: The arts. He was known for enhancing the careers of others, dedication to teaching, and the development of New Orleans' distinct horn sound. The same year a tribute to him was staged at Lincoln Center 's Alice Tully Hall . The concept of the show started with 'Dr. Ike' Padnos and the Ponderosa Stomp crew. A nine-piece band was assembled from New Orleans to accompany Dr. John, Robert Parker, Jean Knight and

1131-620: The community. The "Big Chief", the "Spy Boy", the "Flag Boy" and several other roles or offices are important to the Mardi Gras Indian tradition of "masking" (parading through the street in full costume). These characters are mentioned in Earl King's song, as well as many other songs which have come out of New Orleans. According to tradition, the African Americans in New Orleans who first formed "Indian gangs" did so as

1170-486: The end of the vibrating fork on the skin above the suspected fracture, progressively closer to the suspected fracture. If there is a fracture, the periosteum of the bone vibrates and fires nociceptors (pain receptors), causing a local sharp pain. This can indicate a fracture, which the practitioner refers for medical X-ray. The sharp pain of a local sprain can give a false positive. Established practice, however, requires an X-ray regardless, because it's better than missing

1209-577: The ends of the prongs raises the pitch, while filing the inside of the base of the prongs lowers it. Currently, the most common tuning fork sounds the note of A = 440 Hz , the standard concert pitch that many orchestras use. That A is the pitch of the violin's second-highest string, the highest string of the viola, and an octave above the highest string of the cello. Orchestras between 1750 and 1820 mostly used A = 423.5 Hz, though there were many forks and many slightly different pitches. Standard tuning forks are available that vibrate at all

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1248-408: The fork shape is that it can then be held at the base without damping the oscillation. That is because its principal mode of vibration is symmetric, with the two prongs always moving in opposite directions, so that at the base where the two prongs meet there is a node (point of no vibratory motion) which can therefore be handled without removing energy from the oscillation (damping). However, there

1287-404: The fundamental, so when the string is plucked or the bar is struck, its vibrations tend to mix the fundamental and overtone frequencies. When the tuning fork is struck, little of the energy goes into the overtone modes; they also die out correspondingly faster, leaving a pure sine wave at the fundamental frequency. It is easier to tune other instruments with this pure tone. Another reason for using

1326-455: The length and mass of the two prongs. They are traditional sources of standard pitch for tuning musical instruments. The tuning fork was invented in 1711 by British musician John Shore , sergeant trumpeter and lutenist to the royal court. A tuning fork is a fork-shaped acoustic resonator used in many applications to produce a fixed tone. The main reason for using the fork shape is that, unlike many other types of resonators, it produces

1365-706: The melody of the bassline with groove and energy. He particularly specialized in arranging horn charts. In describing his role as an arranger, he said he applied New Orleans jazz to other styles of music. In the early 1960s Quezergue arranged for bandleader Dave Bartholomew at Imperial Records . He worked on releases by Fats Domino , Earl King and others, including King's signature song "Trick Bag" and Professor Longhair 's carnival standard " Big Chief ". He did several stage arrangements for Motown acts including Stevie Wonder . In 1962 Quezergue formed Nola Records . In 1964 he co-wrote drummer Smokey Johnson 's " It Ain't My Fault ", an instrumental track which became

1404-487: The pitches within the central octave of the piano, and also other pitches. Tuning fork pitch varies slightly with temperature, due mainly to a slight decrease in the modulus of elasticity of steel with increasing temperature. A change in frequency of 48 parts per million per °F (86 ppm per °C) is typical for a steel tuning fork. The frequency decreases (becomes flat ) with increasing temperature. Tuning forks are manufactured to have their correct pitch at

1443-432: Was Catholic . Tuning fork A tuning fork is an acoustic resonator in the form of a two-pronged fork with the prongs ( tines ) formed from a U-shaped bar of elastic metal (usually steel ). It resonates at a specific constant pitch when set vibrating by striking it against a surface or with an object, and emits a pure musical tone once the high overtones fade out. A tuning fork's pitch depends on

1482-401: Was an American composer, arranger, record producer and bandleader, known among New Orleans musicians as the "Creole Beethoven". Steeped in jazz , he was an influential musician whose work shaped the sound of New Orleans rhythm and blues , funk and pop music. His role as an arranger and producer kept him out of the spotlight and enabled him to enhance the careers of many. He was a staple of

1521-679: Was influenced by Louis Armstrong , Harry James and Dizzy Gillespie . As a teenager he played the trumpet professionally and started to compose. In late 1940s Quezergue played in Dave Bartholomew 's band. In 1951 he was drafted into the army and served as an army musician stationed in Japan during the Korean War . He credits the army and the army musicians with his professional education. He met and married his wife Yoshi Tamaki in Japan. After returning to New Orleans he studied at

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