112-618: Block Lane is a locality in the town of Chadderton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham , Greater Manchester . It is located on Chadderton's eastern border with Oldham , contiguous with the Freehold area of that town, and with Cowhill and Butler Green . A hamlet at Block Lane, known as Black Ridings, lay on the ancient road of Block Lane as it followed the Oldham boundary southwards towards Butler Green. The hamlet lay at
224-419: A mill town around these factories and a network of newly created roads, canals and railways. The Chadderton landscape was "dominated by mill chimneys, many with the mill name picked out in white brick". Neighbouring Oldham (which by the 1870s had emerged as the largest and most productive mill town in the world) encroached upon Chadderton's eastern boundary, urbanising the town and surrounds, and forming
336-524: A sixth form college for 16- to 19-year-olds. The Radclyffe School, which has specialist Technology College status, was modernised in 2008 by way of a £30 million new school complex opened by Sir Alex Ferguson on 8 July 2008. The Blessed John Henry Newman RC College opened in 2011 on the Broadway site previously occupied by The Radclyffe School. Chadderton had no medieval church of its own, and until 1541, for ecclesiastical purposes, lay within
448-714: A tumulus in Chadderton Fold date from the Early Middle Ages, probably from the early period of Anglo-Saxon England , when Angles settled in the area and Chadderton emerged as a manor of the hundred of Salford . Chadderton is not recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. Its first appearance in a written record is in a legal document from around 1220, which states that Robert, Rector of Prestwich, gave land to Richard, son of Gilbert, in exchange for an annual fee of one silver penny. Following
560-426: A "relatively prosperous town ... which makes it a popular residential area". Chadderton Mall is a shopping precinct located in the town centre, and is one of Chadderton's main concentrations of retailing. It was constructed in 1974, and opened in 1975. It included at the time an Asda superstore which originally anchored the precinct, or district centre as the shopping precinct was originally known as, but moved to
672-516: A 100 to 95.4 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 27.2 per cent were single (never married) 44.5 per cent married, and 8.5 per cent divorced. Chadderton's 13,698 households included 28.8 per cent one-person, 38.7 per cent married couples living together, 8.9 per cent co-habiting couples, and 10.3 per cent single parents with their children. Of those aged 16–74, 35.6 per cent had no academic qualifications . At
784-579: A First Manchester licence. In June 2012, it was announced that the FirstGroup were looking at selling off some of its operations, which included First Manchester's Wigan depot. On 2 December 2012, Stagecoach Manchester purchased the Wigan operation. The transaction saw 300 employees, 120 vehicles (although 20 were owned by TfGM) and the Wigan depot purchased by Stagecoach, with these being operated under
896-420: A bowling green and a football ground at the back of the old Black Ridings hamlet. At one time this was known as 'The Track', a venue for foot races, wrestling, football and rugby. In the late 19th century the ground was used by Werneth Rugby Club, who in 1890 were suspended from league rugby for 'professionalism'. The club disbanded in 1905. St John's Church, Werneth (closed in 1982) was the parish church for
1008-648: A common type of housing stock throughout the town; narrow streets pass through these older housing areas. Chadderton is contiguous with other settlements on all sides, including a shared boundary with the city of Manchester to the southwest. Localities within Chadderton include Baretrees , Block Lane , Busk , Butler Green , Chadderton Fold , Chadderton Park , Coalshaw Green , Cowhill , Greengate , Firwood Park , Foxdenton , Healds Green , Middleton Junction , Mills Hill , Nimble Nook , Nordens , Stock Brook , Whitegate and White Moss . Chadderton Fold,
1120-544: A continuous urban cotton-spinning district with Royton , Lees and Shaw and Crompton —the Oldham parliamentary constituency—which at its peak was responsible for 13 per cent of the world's cotton production. These Victorian era developments shifted the commercial focus away from Chadderton Fold to the major arterial Middleton Road, by Chadderton's eastern boundary with Oldham. Sixty cotton mills were constructed in Chadderton between 1778 and 1926, and 6,000 people,
1232-562: A court case, in 1713 it was agreed that 20 acres (8 ha) of Northmoor be within Chadderton with the rest belonging to Oldham. Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 , Chadderton formed part of the Oldham Poor Law Union , an inter-parish unit established to provide social security. Chadderton's first local authority was a local board of health established in 1873; Chadderton Local Board of Health
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#17328009812671344-728: A densely populated, industrial landscape of factories and rows of terraced housing, typical of mill towns in Northern England . There is a mixture of high-density urban areas , suburbs and semi-rural locations in Chadderton, but overwhelmingly the land use in the town is urban. The soils of Chadderton are sand based, with subsoils of clay and gravel. Chadderton's built environment is distinguished by its former textile factories: "The huge flat-topped brick mills with their square towers and their tall circular chimneys dwarf all other buildings." Rows of early-20th century terraced housing built to house Chadderton's factory workers are
1456-573: A detached area or exclave of Chadderton. Lying under Copster Hill in Oldham and including the area now known as Garden Suburb , its area was absorbed into neighbouring Oldham in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics , at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001 , Chadderton (urban-core and sub-area) had a total resident population of 33,001. The population density was 8,669 inhabitants per square mile (3,347/km ), with
1568-485: A frequency of either every 30 minutes or every hour from midnight to 3:30am and offered a flat fare ticketing system. Until December 2012, First Greater Manchester also operated the Nightbus network in Wigan town centre, providing a number of late night services to various areas across Wigan, as well as the 598 service to Leigh, which allowed connection with the 39 service to and from Manchester. From 2 December 2012,
1680-414: A halt; cotton spinning reduced dramatically in the 1960s and 1970s and by 1997 only two mills were operational. In spite of efforts to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of its production, the last cotton was spun in the town in 1998. Many of the redundant mills have now been demolished. Non-textile based industries continued on throughout the 20th century and into the 21st century, particularly in
1792-404: A new site on land just behind the original store in 1994, and it also contains a variety of smaller shops. The Stationery Office has a base in Chadderton, as does 3M . In 2008, 3M was the centre of a high-profile robbery of over 3,000 British passports . Other major businesses include Costco and Shop Direct Group . The centre (formerly Elk Mill Retail Park), is a retail park located at
1904-684: A number of routes in the Tameside area to First Manchester. A new management team was put in place and First Manchester was relieved of its responsibility for the Potteries subsidiary. By September 2010, First Manchester had taken over the management of the Cheshire and Merseyside depots of First Potteries , with the Staffordshire depots transferring to the management of the new First Midlands division. The Cheshire and Merseyside depots fell to
2016-512: A period on lease to Diamond North West, were dispersed around the FirstGroup. Various other GM Buses North garages were closed shortly after the company was purchased by FirstBus. These included Atherton in 1998; Bolton and Rochdale in 2004, the former replaced by a new depot on Weston Street; Trafford Park in 2005 and Knowsley in 2008. Temporary depots have also been previously set up, with sites at Lowton and Bolton used to temporarily store buses acquired from other operators in 1998, while
2128-479: A period. Electric tramways to and from Middleton opened in 1902. Tram services ran along Middleton Road and terminated in Chadderton. The final tram ran in 1935. The Oldham Loop Line closed as a heavy rail line in 2009 and reopened in June 2012 as part of a new Manchester Metrolink light rail line from Manchester Victoria to Rochdale , via Oldham. South Chadderton , Freehold and Hollinwood were part of
2240-460: A quarter of Chadderton's population, worked in these factories by the beginning of the 20th century. Industries ancillary to cotton spinning, such as engineering, coal mining , bleaching and dyeing became established during this period, meaning the rest of Chadderton's population were otherwise involved in the sector. Philip Stott was a Chadderton-born architect, civil engineer and surveyor of cotton mills. Stott's mills in Chadderton were some of
2352-459: A result of urban renewal and modern suburban housing developments. During the 1970s and 1980s, redevelopment in the form of new shopping, health and leisure facilities contributed to the growth and renewal of Chadderton. In 1990, the new Firwood Park , on the west side of Chadderton, was said to be the largest private housing estate in Europe. Chadderton continued to be a regional hub for
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#17328009812672464-613: A royal proclamation forbidding the practice of drilling was posted in Manchester. On 16 August 1819, Chadderton (like its neighbours) sent a contingent of its townsfolk to Manchester to join the mass political demonstration now known as the Peterloo Massacre (owing to the 15 deaths and 400–700 injuries which followed). Two of the 15 deceased were from the area: John Ashton of Cowhill and Thomas Buckley of Baretrees . New markets in Europe and South America increased
2576-566: Is a bus operator in Greater Manchester . It is a subsidiary of the FirstGroup , operating franchised Bee Network bus services on contract to Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM). The operator was once dominant in the northern areas of Greater Manchester, competing against Stagecoach Manchester , which was dominant in southern areas of the county; however in recent years it has scaled back its operations, now primarily serving
2688-455: Is a square stair turret with a pyramidal top. First Greater Manchester operate bus service 81 to Manchester City Centre via Moston and Harpurhey and to Oldham with some evening and weekend services provided by Stagecoach Manchester extending to Derker . Stotts Tours (Oldham) operates bus service 159 to Oldham via Chadderton town centre and to Middleton via Hollinwood , Woodhouses, Failsworth and New Moston . Freehold tram stop at
2800-549: Is believed to be a combination of the Brythonic word Cader or Cater (modern Welsh : Caer ), indicating a fortified place amongst the hills, or the cadeir , "chair, throne", and the Old English suffix -ton meaning a settlement. The University of Nottingham 's Institute for Name-Studies has offered a similar suggestion, that the name Chadderton means "farm or settlement at the hill called Cadeir". This name
2912-556: Is believed to date from the 7th century, when Angles colonised the region following the Battle of Chester . It has been suggested that the Anglian settlers found a few Brythonic Celts already inhabiting what is now called Chadderton, and borrowed their name for the hill, "Chadder", adding their own word for a settlement to the end. Archaic spellings include Chaderthon, Chaderton, Chaterton and Chatherton. The first known written record of
3024-526: Is co-ordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM), a county-wide public body with direct operational responsibilities, such as supporting (and in some cases running) local bus services and managing integrated ticketing in Greater Manchester. Major A roads link Chadderton with other settlements, including the A663 road . Opened by Wilfrid William Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple in 1925,
3136-589: Is in the northeast part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area , the UK's third largest conurbation , on undulating land rising from 300 feet (91 m) above sea level in the west to 450 feet (137 m) in the east. Chadderton Heights, on the hillier northern edge of the town, is its highest point at 509 feet (155 m). The climate in the area, like most of northwest Europe, is maritime temperate , with significant precipitation throughout
3248-541: Is marked by its status as a manorial township , with its own lords , who included the Asshetons , Chethams, Radclyffes and Traffords . Chadderton in the Middle Ages was chiefly distinguished by its two mansions, Foxdenton Hall and Chadderton Hall, and by the prestigious families who occupied them. Farming was the main industry of the area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in
3360-602: Is numerically one of the largest parishes in the Oldham West deanery of Manchester diocese with a population of about 15,000 in 2021. Christ Church is a grade II listed building. The church, in Gothic Revival style, is in stone and has a roof partly of slate and partly of copper with coped gables. It consists of a nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a chancel, and a southeast tower. The tower has four stages, angle buttresses, an embattled parapet, and there
3472-614: Is represented in the House of Commons by Jim McMahon , a member of the Labour Party . At 53°32′46″N 2°8′33″W / 53.54611°N 2.14250°W / 53.54611; -2.14250 (53.5462°, −2.1426°), and 165 miles (266 km) north-northwest of central London , Chadderton lies at the foothills of the Pennines , 2.7 miles (4.3 km) east-southeast of Middleton , and 1.1 miles (1.8 km) west of Oldham . It
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3584-559: The House of Lords , following objections from neighbouring councils. A twinning arrangement was made in 1966 by Chadderton Urban District Council with Geesthacht , West Germany . Under the Local Government Act 1972 , the Chadderton Urban District was abolished, and Chadderton has, since 1 April 1974, formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham , a local government district of
3696-530: The Lord of the Manor of Tottington in the 13th century. The de Chaddertons' involvement in regional and national affairs gave prestige to what was otherwise an obscure and rural township. William Chaderton was Bishop of Chester from 1579 to 1595 and held distinguished academic posts such as Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity . Laurence Chaderton was the first Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge and among
3808-669: The Norman conquest , Chadderton was made a constituent manor of the wider Royal Estate of Tottington , an extensive fee held by the Norman overlord, Roger de Montbegon . Taxation and governance continued on this basis throughout the Middle Ages, with the Barons Montbegon of Hornby Castle holding the estate, until it passed to the Barons Lacy of Clitheroe Castle , and then onto local families. In about 1235,
3920-830: The Second World War , 3,050 Avro Lancaster bombers were built at the Chadderton factory—over 40 per cent of the Royal Air Force 's fleet. Post World War Two the Avro Vulcan was designed and built, as well as the Avro Shackleton and Avro Lincoln . After the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977 , Avro became part of the nationalised British Aerospace (now BAE Systems ) and produced commercial aircraft for Boeing and Airbus . It closed in 2012. Chadderton has been described as
4032-605: The Trafford Centre via Moston, Cheetham Hill and Salford Quays . Citibus was a Chadderton-based commercial bus operator serving Greater Manchester, launched in 1986. It competed with the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive until 1995, when it was bought-out by GM Buses North , in what is now First Manchester. An old style grammar school at Healds Green in Chadderton was built and founded in 1789. As
4144-675: The domestic system . Chadderton's urbanisation and expansion coincided largely with developments in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era . A late-19th century factory-building boom transformed Chadderton from a rural township into a major mill town and the second most populous urban district in the United Kingdom. More than 50 cotton mills had been built in Chadderton by 1914. Although Chadderton's industries declined in
4256-481: The hundred of Salford for civil jurisdiction, but for manorial government, Chadderton was a constituent manor of the Fee of Tottington , whose overlords were the de Lacys , Barons of Clitheroe Castle . The de Chaddertons, Lords of the Manor of Chadderton, were accustomed to pay tax to the overlords until the division of Tottington. In 1507, two constables were appointed to uphold law and order in Chadderton. Following
4368-438: The metropolitan boroughs of Oldham and Rochdale . Before deregulation in 1986, buses in the Greater Manchester area were publicly funded and went under the name of Greater Manchester Transport. In 1986 Greater Manchester Transport became known as GM Buses , which was owned by the metropolitan borough and city councils of Greater Manchester , but were at arms' length from the local town halls. In December 1993, GM Buses
4480-547: The secondary sector of the economy into the 21st century through BAE Systems and Zetex Semiconductors , though BAE Chadderton closed in March 2012. Other major employers include the Stationery Office and Trinity Mirror . Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century , the boundaries of Chadderton have varied from time to time. Chadderton anciently formed part of
4592-405: The 1960s. The Hare And Hounds public house opened in 1855. The pub closed in late 2014 and has now been converted into a private residence. Blackridings Mill was a cotton waste mill on Block Lane dating to 1861. It was demolished in 1975. It occupied the site of the former Blackridings Colliery. The site was redeveloped in 1982 for Freehold Community School. The mill and former colliery lay on
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4704-549: The 2001 UK census, 81.1 per cent of Chadderton's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 3.2 per cent Muslim, 0.5 per cent Hindu, 0.1 per cent Buddhist, and 0.1 per cent Sikh. The census recorded 8.7 per cent as having no religion, 0.1 per cent had an alternative religion and 6.3 per cent did not state their religion. Chadderton's population has been described as broadly working class with pockets of lower middle class communities, particularly in
4816-466: The 20th century. Christ Church itself still meets in its original building on Block Lane well into the 21st century, but with the addition of a church centre alongside the church on the site of its former day school, and it has a voluntary aided primary school (also called Christ Church) just off Denton Lane on Crawley Way as well as its sister church of St Saviour's and a work on Crossley Estate known as Crossley Christian Centre, now closed. Christ Church
4928-426: The 21st century; it also planted Emmanuel Church just off Drury Lane which has now closed and been demolished, the congregation now meeting at its daughter church, St George's building on Broadway; and it began a work at St Gabriel's, Middleton Junction which became a parish in its own right and is still a going concern. In addition it planted mission churches at Butler Green and at Cowhill which ceased to exist in
5040-405: The 4.5 miles (7.2 km) North West Guided busway between Leigh and Ellenbrook . A fleet of 25 Wright Gemini 3 bodied Volvo B5LH hybrid buses equipped with guidewheels were operated by First on the service, branded in a dark purple Vantage livery. First's operation of Vantage services transferred to Go North West upon commencement of Tranche 1 of Bee Network franchised services, with
5152-583: The Block Lane area from 1845 until 1870 when the new Christ Church was built by a group of laypeople who were unhappy with the increasing ritualism at St John's. They appealed for funds in February 1870 to build a new church on the lower side of the Freehold adjoining Suffolk St at its junction with Oxford St and Block Lane' a church which they planned to 'secure a permanent Evangelical ministry, and to meet
5264-629: The Chadderton Local Board of Health in 1873, whose purpose was to ensure social security and maintain hygiene and sanitation in the locality following the crisis. Despite a brief economic depression, the urban growth of Chadderton accelerated after the famine. The profitability of factory based cotton spinning meant that much of Chadderton's plentiful cheap open land, used for farming since antiquity, vanished under distinctive rectangular multi-storey brick-built factories—35 by 1891. Chadderton's former villages and hamlets agglomerated as
5376-501: The Evangelist . Services were initially held in the stables of Chadderton Hall, and then in a temporary wooden structure opened in 1848. The Church of St Matthew was opened for the parish in 1857 by the then Bishop of Manchester , James Prince Lee . A steeple was added in 1881. Following the construction of this church, four followed. There are now several Anglican parishes, and within them daughter and mission churches, serving
5488-479: The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham. It is a licensed venue for marriage ceremonies, and holds records of births, marriages and deaths which have taken place in what is now the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham from 1837 to the present. Foxdenton Hall is a two-storey Georgian mansion and former manor house , with an English garden wall bond exterior and its own private gardens. The original Hall
5600-485: The Middle Ages comprised a small community of retainers , most of whom were occupied in farming, either growing and milling of grain and cereal or raising cattle, sheep, pigs and domestic fowl. Workers supplemented their incomes by hand-loom spinning and weaving of wool at home . The community was ravaged by an outbreak of the Black Death in 1646. Until the mid-18th century, the region in and around Chadderton
5712-726: The North Chadderton area, Rosso operate service 412 to Middeton via Mills Hill and Boarshaw and to Oldham via Royton while First Bus operate service 149 from Park Estate to North Manchester General Hospital via Oldham, Hollinwood and Blackley. In the Greengate area of the town Stagecoach Manchester provides the following bus services. 112/113 – to Middleton via Middleton Junction and to Manchester city centre via Moston and Collyhurst . 114 – to Middleton via Alkrington and Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst. 294 offers two early morning one way services to
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#17328009812675824-661: The St George's building on Broadway, was originally part of Christ Church parish. Also within this deanery is the Parish Church of St Mark, built in the early 1960s. It is a blue brick building with a graduated slate pitched roof, and a rectangular brick steeple with a high gabled roof. It was granted Grade II listed building status in 1998. In addition to the Church of England , a variety of other Reformed denominations have been practised in Chadderton. Nonconformism
5936-659: The Vantage brand being withdrawn in favour of standard Bee Network yellow livery. In the years following the purchase of GM Buses North, First Manchester were routinely criticised for operating an outdated and poorly maintained fleet of buses, many of which were either inherited from the GM Buses era or transferred in from across the FirstGroup; this fleet stood in comparison to more modern fleets operated by competitor Stagecoach Manchester. First Manchester's final ' GM Standard ' Leyland Atlantean double-decker buses , dating back to
6048-536: The Wigan Nightbus network passed to Stagecoach Manchester with the sale of First's Wigan operations. In January 2015, First withdrew six night bus journeys which served Rochdale, Bury and Eccles, including service 135, as part of wide-ranging cuts to its bus network. In Spring 2016, First's remaining night bus services were withdrawn on services 8, 36 and 39 due to low passenger numbers. On 3 April 2016, First Greater Manchester commenced operating services on
6160-408: The ancient paths to these churches is preserved in the modern layout of some of the town's roads. Chadderton's first established church was St Margaret of Antioch which was consecrated in 1769 at Hollinwood, however late 19th century boundary changes means it now lies within neighbouring Oldham. The New Parishes Act 1844 allowed for the creation of a parish for Chadderton, dedicated to St Matthew
6272-494: The appeal of political Radicalism in the region. The Manchester Patriotic Union, a group agitating for parliamentary reform, began to organise a mass public demonstration in Manchester to demand the reform of parliamentary representation. Organised preparations took place, and a spy reported that in neighbouring Thornham , "seven hundred men drilled ... as well as any army regiment would". A few days later, on 3 August,
6384-522: The area had become a centre of industrial activity with four coal pits and two sandstone quarries in close proximity. The expansion of Werneth in the Freehold area from the 1860s onwards saw housing developments reach the administrative edge of the town of Oldham at Block Lane, effectively absorbing the Black Ridings area into that district. Suburban housing now covers the area occupied by the early 18th century cottages which had been demolished by
6496-564: The arterial A663, named Broadway, bisects Chadderton from north to south and was "a major factor in the unification and modernisation of the town". The A669 road , routed through Chadderton, connects Oldham with Middleton. At its eastern end is Chadderton's town centre. The M62 motorway runs to the north of the area and is accessed via Broadway at junction 21 and junction 20 via the A627(M) motorway , which terminates close to Chadderton's north-eastern boundary with Royton. The M60 motorway skirts
6608-605: The company down to only three garages across Greater Manchester. In February 2019, it was announced that the Queens Road depot in Cheetham Hill had been purchased by the Go-Ahead Group to form Go North West , which commenced operations on 2 June 2019, having acquired 25 bus routes and a fleet of over 160 buses from First. First's Bolton depot was then purchased by Rotala on 11 August 2019, expanding
6720-474: The condition of the building, Foxdenton Hall was restored in 1965. Chadderton War Memorial is located outside Chadderton Town Hall, and was originally erected "in honour of the men of Chadderton who made the supreme sacrifice and in grateful remembrance of all who served their county" during the First World War , but later, the Second World War . It is a granite obelisk fronted by three steps. At
6832-787: The conversion to Metrolink. Proposals to extend the Metrolink system through Chadderton were announced in January 2016; the proposed link would add a spur between Westwood tram stop and Middleton with the line continuing to the Bury line near Bowker Vale . The majority of the bus services in Chadderton are operated by First Greater Manchester , who run services 24, 58, 59, 181 and 182, which provide frequent services from Chadderton town centre to Middleton , Oldham and Shaw , with other services running to Manchester, Royton and Rochdale. Manchester Community Transport run services 159 and 419 linking
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#17328009812676944-617: The country". The Radclyffes moved out of Foxdenton Hall in the late 18th century, favouring properties they had purchased in Dorset , although they still maintained ownership. Foxdenton Hall and the adjoining Foxdenton Park were leased to Chadderton Council by the Radclyffes in 1922, when they opened to the public. In 1960 the council took over ownership of the Hall, by which time it was in a state of disrepair. Following protest about funding and
7056-621: The demand for Britain's cheap cotton goods. Supplies of raw cotton were exported from plantations in the United States to Manchester. From the markets in Manchester, mill owners from Chadderton and neighbouring towns bought their cotton to be processed into yarn and cloth. Supplies were cut during the Lancashire Cotton Famine of 1861–65 as a result of the American Civil War , leading to the formation of
7168-416: The east side of Block Lane in Oldham, although some early 19th century records speak of the colliery lying within Chadderton. The United Mill was a cotton mill on Block Lane. Built in 1874, it ceased production in 1959 and was demolished in 1962. A small ancillary building to the mill remains in use as a mosque. 1870 saw the opening of Christ Church, a grade II listed building. By the 1890s, Block Lane had
7280-637: The first translators of the King James Version of the Bible . Tottington was dissolved in the mid-15th century and there came a succession of distinguished families, each headed by an esquire with links to the monarchs of England . The Radclyffe, Assheton, and Horton families provided six High Sheriffs of Lancashire and a Governor of the Isle of Man . Apart from the dignitaries who lived in Chadderton's manor houses , Chadderton's population during
7392-694: The fleet of 41 buses, most of which were retained within the EYMS Group. The deal was approved on 27 January 2014, with First taking over Finglands services under a joint ticketing scheme on 9 February 2014. The FirstGroup began scaling back its operations in Greater Manchester in an attempt to stem financial losses across the group in 2017, closing its Bury , Dukinfield and Tameside depots, with buses and operations transferring to its remaining four garages in Bolton , Queens Road, Oldham and Rusholme. Rusholme depot would later close in January 2019, bringing
7504-523: The following March for not improving their service reliability. As of March 2024, the First Greater Manchester fleet consisted of over 65 buses, over half of which are operated on franchsised Bee Network services. Prior to the sale of the Bolton and Queens Road depots in 2019, First Greater Manchester operated a fleet of 583 buses, consisting mainly of Wrightbus -bodied Volvos and Alexander Dennis Enviro400s . Up to 160 buses at Queens Road were sold to Go North West and 125 buses based at Bolton, following
7616-441: The form of aircraft and chemical manufacture at plants in south Chadderton and Foxdenton respectively. During the second half of the 20th century, Chadderton experienced accelerated deindustrialisation along with economic decline. Large areas of Victorian and Edwardian era terraced housing were identified as unsuited for modern needs, and were subsequently demolished. However, the town's population continued to grow as
7728-475: The form of public buildings; a town hall, public baths and library. The few surviving cotton mills are now occupied by warehousing and distribution companies, or used as space for light industry. British aircraft manufacturer Avro built a factory in south Chadderton in 1938–39, later known as BAE Chadderton . It was one of the largest employers in the area, producing a variety of aircraft models including Ansons , Manchesters and Bristol Blenheims . During
7840-449: The former A Mayne & Son legal entity. On 1 August 2013, the FirstGroup announced that subject to regulatory approval by the Office of Fair Trading , it had agreed to purchase the bus operations of south Manchester based company Finglands Coachways from its parent, the EYMS Group . The purchase included the lease of Finglands's depot in Rusholme , South Manchester routes and approximately 100 members of staff, but did not include
7952-589: The former centrepoint of Chadderton, lies on the banks of the River Irk , 1.3 miles (2 km) north-northwest of Chadderton's modern commercial centre. Hollinwood , in pre-industrial times, was a moor or common of Chadderton, but was largely incorporated into neighbouring Oldham following a court case in 1713. In the mid-18th century a village emerged at Hollinwood along the common border of Oldham and Chadderton, and there were further exchanges of land at Hollinwood between Oldham Borough and Chadderton township in 1880. "Chadderton (Detached)" was, as its name implies,
8064-653: The franchise to operate Bee Network services in Rochdale , based from Transdev Blazefield subsidiary Rosso 's former depot, which was sold to TfGM some months prior. These changes, taking effect from 24 March 2024, reduced First Manchester's fleet to over 65 buses. First Greater Manchester previously operated the three Metroshuttle services that operate around Manchester city centre. These services were free for passengers, and were operated using Optare Versas based from Queens Road garage. The Metroshuttle service and buses transferred to Go North West when Queens Road garage
8176-625: The front on a short plinth stands a bronze figure of an ordinary soldier, holding a rifle in his right hand. It was designed by Taylor and Simister and sculpted by Albert Toft . Chadderton War Memorial was commissioned by the Chadderton War Memorial Committee and unveiled on 8 October 1921 by Councillor Ernest Kempsey. Chadderton Hall Park is a public park by the River Irk in the north of Chadderton, spanning an area of over 15 acres (6 ha), in what were once
8288-434: The gardens of the manorial Chadderton Hall. At the end of the 19th century they were leased to Joseph Ball, who transformed the hall and grounds into a pleasure garden, complete with a boating lake and a menagerie . The hall was demolished in 1939. The park is now owned by Oldham Council, the local authority , and was opened to the public in 1956. It was awarded Green Flag status in 2006. Public transport in Chadderton
8400-691: The largest to be built in the United Kingdom, multiplying the town's industrial capacity and in turn increasing its population and productivity. The boomtown of Chadderton reached its industrial zenith in the 1910s, with over 50 cotton mills within the town limits. A social consequence of this industrial growth was a densely populated metropolitan landscape, home to an extensive and enlarged working class community living in an urban sprawl of low quality terraced houses . However, Chadderton developed an abundance of civic institutions including public street lighting, Carnegie library , public swimming baths and council with its own town hall. The development of
8512-470: The late 1970s and early 1980s, were withdrawn on 5 January 2002, and investment between 2002 and 2004 saw 278 new low-floor buses introduced to the fleet. In February 2012, the company were warned by the Department for Transport 's North West traffic commissioner after a performance survey found an average of 26% of First Manchester services were not running on time. The company were fined £285,000
8624-470: The metropolitan county of Greater Manchester . Chadderton has three of the twenty wards of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham: Chadderton North, Chadderton Central and Chadderton South., with some small peripheral areas lying in the neighbouring wards of Royton North, Coldhurst, Hollinwood, Werneth and Failsworth East. In terms of parliamentary representation, Chadderton after the Reform Act 1832
8736-413: The mid-20th century, the town continued to grow as a result of suburbanisation and urban renewal . The legacy of the town's industrial past remains visible in its landscape of red-brick cotton mills, now used as warehouses or distribution centres. Some of these are listed buildings because of their architectural, historical and cultural significance. The name Chadderton derives from Caderton , which
8848-470: The name Chadderton is in a legal document relating to land tenure, in about 1220. The study of place names in Chadderton suggests that the ancient Britons once inhabited the area. Remains of Roman roads have been discovered running through the town, and the local road name Streetbridge suggests that the Romans once marched along it on a path which may have led to Blackstone Edge . Relics found at
8960-483: The neighbouring Municipal Borough of Middleton and City of Manchester. Chadderton was the second most populous urban district in the United Kingdom by the 1930s, and the district council took initial steps to obtain municipal borough status, but this was not achieved. In 1926 and 1931, two Oldham Extension Bills for the County Borough of Oldham to amalgamate with Chadderton Urban District were rejected by
9072-405: The northeast of the town, near the border with Royton . Up until the 18th century, the inhabitants of Chadderton raised domestic farm animals, supplementing their incomes by the spinning and weaving wool in the domestic system . Primitive coal mining was established by the 17th century, and the factory system adopted in the late-18th century. During the Victorian era , Chadderton's economy
9184-400: The northern end of Block Lane between the present-day Christ Church and Freehold tram stop. A notable large residence, known simply as 'Block Lane' was described by the local historian James Butterworth as the abode of a Rev. Gee from 1747 onwards. Both the Black Ridings hamlet and the adjacent Block Lane house are shown on the early Ordnance Survey maps of the area. By the mid 19th century
9296-543: The northern end of Block Lane provides direct tram links to Manchester and beyond and to Rochdale Railway Station and town centre. Chadderton Chadderton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham , Greater Manchester , England, on the River Irk and Rochdale Canal . It is located in the foothills of the Pennines , 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Oldham , 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Rochdale and 6 miles (9.7 km) north-east of Manchester . Historically part of Lancashire , Chadderton's early history
9408-666: The operation of Diamond North West with the acquisition 18 routes, reducing First Greater Manchester to only its Oldham depot; this depot was also planned to be sold by the FirstGroup, which would have seen the operator cease operations, however the depot was announced to have been retained in August 2019 after no offers were accepted to buy it. In June 2023, it was announced by Transport for Greater Manchester that as part of Tranche 2 of Bee Network bus franchising , First Manchester would lose its Oldham depot, staff and services to Stagecoach Manchester. However, First Manchester also acquired
9520-570: The parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham in the Diocese of Lichfield . The diocese was then divided, and Chadderton became part of the Diocese of Chester . This in turn was divided in 1847, when the present Diocese of Manchester was created. For ritual baptisms, marriages and burials, the people of Chadderton, a Christian community, had to travel to churches that lay outside of the township's boundaries, including Oldham St Mary's , Middleton St Leonard's , and Prestwich St Mary's . The route of some of
9632-483: The population of Chadderton grew during the 19th century, more schools were opened, each linked with a local church. Mills Hill School began as a voluntary aided school belonging to the local Baptist church. Further schoolrooms from this period were found at Cowhill Methodist Church and Washbrook Methodist Church, opened in 1855 and 1893 respectively. Chadderton Grammar School was the first new style co-educational grammar school opened by Lancashire County Council . It
9744-515: The region contributed to Chadderton adopting cotton spinning in the factory system , which became the dominant source of employment in the locality. The construction of multi-storey steam powered mills followed, which initiated a process of urbanisation and cultural transformation in the region; the population increasingly moved away from farming and domestic weaving in favour of the mechanised production of cotton goods. During this early period of change, Chadderton's parliamentary representation
9856-500: The south of Chadderton, near Hollinwood . The section of the M60 through Chadderton was opened in autumn 2000. Chadderton is served by two railway stations, just outside its western boundary: Mills Hill railway station , at its border with Middleton, and Moston railway station , at its border with New Moston, Manchester. The Middleton Junction and Oldham Branch Railway was routed through Chadderton. Middleton Junction railway station
9968-500: The spiritual needs of a rapidly-growing population.' The funds were so quickly forthcoming that the foundation stone was laid in May and the new church was completed and opened by December of that same year, and the first vicar, the Rev'd Thomas Chapman. took his inaugural service on Christmas Day 1870. Christ Church in time planted a new church on Denton Lane, St Saviour's, which still exists in
10080-402: The start of the A627(M) motorway . Chadderton Town Hall was the seat of Chadderton Urban District Council. It is Chadderton's second town hall , the first was the former Chadderton Lyceum building (demolished in 1975). The current town hall, Chadderton's first purpose built municipal building, was designed by Taylor and Simister of Oldham, and was opened in 1913 by Herbert Wolstencroft JP ,
10192-578: The sub-manor of Chadderton and Foxdenton passed from Richard de Trafford of Trafford Park to Geoffrey de Trafford, who adopted the surname of Chadderton, thus founding the Chadderton family. During the High Middle Ages, pieces of land in Chadderton were granted to religious orders and institutions, including Cockersand Abbey and the Knights Hospitaller . The manorial system was strong in Chadderton, and this lent distinction to
10304-611: The then chairman of Chadderton Urban District Council. The architectural style was intended to have "a broad and strong treatment of the English Renaissance ". It features "charming gardens and a beautifully renovated ballroom". English Heritage granted it Grade II listed status in July 2013. Since 2007, Chadderton Town Hall has housed the Oldham Register Office, the civil registration authority for
10416-471: The town centre with Oldham, Middleton, Hollinwood, Woodhouses, Failsworth, New Moston, Werneth and Ashton-under-Lyne . Service 415 links the Cowhill and Nimble Nook areas of Chadderton with Middleton and Oldham, while services 81 and 81a operate through South Chadderton providing services to Manchester via Moston and to Oldham, Holts and Derker. These services are operated by First Greater Manchester. In
10528-569: The town meant that the district council made initial steps to petition the Crown for honorific borough status for Chadderton in the 1930s. However, the Great Depression , and the First and Second World Wars each contributed to periods of economic decline. As imports of cheaper foreign yarns and textile goods increased during the mid-20th century, Chadderton's textile sector declined to
10640-648: The town. The parish of St Matthew united with the neighbouring parish of St Luke, and the United Benefice of St Matthew with St Luke now lies within the Oldham West Deanery of the Diocese of Manchester. The parish of Christ Church, founded in 1870, which also contains the church of St Saviour's and Crossley Christian Centre, is one of the largest numerically in the township and lies on the border with Werneth. The parish of Emmanuel, now meeting in
10752-438: The township, in a region which otherwise had weak local lordship. Throughout the Middle Ages, the manor of Chadderton constituted a township , centred on the hill by the banks of the River Irk , known as Chadderton Fold. The fold consisted of a cluster of cottages centred on Chadderton Hall manor house , and a water-powered corn mill . Chadderton Hall was owned and occupied by the de Chaddertons. Geoffrey de Chadderton became
10864-466: The weavers of Chadderton had been using spinning wheels in makeshift weavers' cottages to produce woollens . Primitive early 18th-century industrialisation developed slowly in Chadderton. However, as the demand for cotton goods increased and the technology of cotton-spinning machinery improved during the mid-18th century, the need for larger structures to house bigger, better, and more efficient equipment became apparent. A water-powered cotton mill
10976-407: The year, averaging 1047 mm annually. The average annual temperature is 9.7 °C. Chadderton's modern commercial centre lies close to the boundary with Oldham; the expansion of Oldham in the mid-19th century caused urbanisation along the eastern boundary of Chadderton, which spread outwards into the rest of the township. Continued growth in the late-19th and early-20th centuries gave rise to
11088-554: Was a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation in the township. Following the Local Government Act 1894 , the area of the local board became the Chadderton Urban District , a local government district within the administrative county of Lancashire. The urban district council, comprising 18 members, would later be based out of Chadderton Town Hall, a purpose built municipal building opened in 1913. In 1933, there were exchanges of land with
11200-558: Was built at Chadderton's Stock Brook in 1776. The damp climate below the South Pennines provided ideal conditions for textile production to be carried out without the thread drying and breaking, and newly developed 19th-century mechanisation optimised cotton spinning for industrial-scale manufacture of yarn and fabric for the global market. As the Industrial Revolution advanced, socioeconomic conditions in
11312-591: Was dominated by dispersed agricultural settlements. During this period the population was fewer than 1,000, broadly consisting of farmers who were involved with pasture , but who supplemented their incomes by working in cottage industries , particularly fustian and silk weaving. A fulling mill at Chadderton by the River Irk was recorded during the Elizabethan era , and during the Early Modern period
11424-507: Was erected in the mid-15th century as a home for the Radclyffes, who had acquired the title of joint Lords of the Manor with the Asshetons of Chadderton, through marriage. This Foxdenton Hall was demolished to make way for a second Hall, built in 1620. The ground floor of that second Hall now forms the basement of the present Hall, built in 1700. The building is described as "a dignified early Georgian house, particularly rare in this part of
11536-471: Was heavily dependent on manufacturing industries, especially the spinning of cotton, but also the weaving of silk and production of hats. By the 20th century the landscape was covered with over 50 cotton mills . Industries ancillary to these sectors, including coal mining, brick making, mechanical engineering, and bleaching and dyeing were present. Chadderton developed an extensive coal mining sector auxiliary to Chadderton's cotton industry and workforce. Coal
11648-519: Was limited to two Members of Parliament for Lancashire . Nationally, the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 had resulted in periods of famine and unemployment for textile workers. Nevertheless, despite years of distress and unrest, major disturbances of machine-breaking did not occur until 1826. By the beginning of 1819 the pressure generated by poor economic conditions, coupled with the lack of suffrage in Northern England , had enhanced
11760-513: Was opened by David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford , on 18 October 1930. In 1959, it became the Girls' Grammar, when a separate school for boys was opened. The Girls' Grammar briefly became Mid-Chadderton School, and later The Radclyffe School , and the boys' school part of North Chadderton School . Radclyffe and North Chadderton are today the town's two co-educational, non-denominational, comprehensive secondary schools . North Chadderton School has
11872-438: Was popular in Chadderton, and places of worship for Methodism , Baptist and Congregationalism were built during the 19th and 20th centuries. Washbrook Methodist Church and School at Butler Green was built in 1868, but was demolished around 1970 to be replaced by South Chadderton Methodist Church formed from the amalgamation of five Methodist congregations. First Greater Manchester First Greater Manchester
11984-591: Was represented as part of the Oldham parliamentary borough constituency, of which the first Members of Parliaments (MPs) were the radicals William Cobbett and John Fielden . Winston Churchill was the MP between 1900 and 1906. Constituency boundaries changed during the 20th century, and Chadderton has lain within the constituencies of Middleton and Prestwich (1918–1950) and Oldham West (1950–1997). Since 1997, Chadderton has lain within Oldham West and Royton . It
12096-454: Was sold in June 2019. First Greater Manchester operated several night bus services across Greater Manchester on Friday and Saturday nights. The routes mainly operated the same routes as their daytime equivalents with some exceptions, such as service 67 not serving Shudehill on nights, with service 135, which did not normally serve Shudehill, taking its place. The Nightbus services, mainly originating from Piccadilly Gardens bus station , ran to
12208-483: Was sold to FirstBus for £47 million (equivalent to £111,432,942 in 2023) and rebranded First Manchester. After a period of experimentation with the livery, a deep orange livery featuring a blue stripe was adopted. First Manchester soon ended up managing two other FirstBus subsidiaries, First Potteries and First Pennine . Eventually the First Pennine and Manchester subsidiaries were merged, adding
12320-555: Was split in two companies: GM Buses North and GM Buses South. It was planned that the two companies would compete against one another, however they operated without doing so through to their respective buyouts. GM Buses North was eventually sold in March 1994 by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Authority to a management buyout team for £27.1 million (equivalent to £68,083,164 in 2023). In March 1996, GM Buses North
12432-524: Was transported out of the township via the Rochdale Canal . The amount of coal was overestimated however, and production began to decline even before that of the local spinning industry; Chadderton's last coal mine closed in 1920. Since the deindustrialisation of the region in the mid-20th century, these industries have been replaced by newer sectors and industries, although many of the civic developments that accompanied industrialisation remain in
12544-470: Was within the town limits. Opened on 31 March 1842, it closed in 1966. On 12 August 1914, Chadderton goods and coal depot was opened. The depot was at the end of a 1097 yards long branch which came off the Middleton Junction to Oldham line at Chadderton Junction. The line from Chadderton Junction to Oldham Werneth was closed on 7 January 1963, but Chadderton goods and coal depot remained open for
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