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27-506: The papyrus was studied initially by Heinrich Karl Brugsch , but was translated and published by Walter Wreszinski in 1909. Only a German translation is available. The papyrus contains twenty-four pages of writing. Much of it is parallel to the Ebers Papyrus . Some of the contents deals with contraception and fertility tests. Some historians believe that this papyrus was used by Galen in his writings. This article about

54-434: A papyrus or papyrology is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This history of medicine article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Heinrich Karl Brugsch Heinrich Karl Brugsch (also Brugsch-Pasha ) (18 February 1827 – 9 September 1894) was a German Egyptologist . He was associated with Auguste Mariette in his excavations at Memphis . He became director of

81-691: A warm panegyric upon British rule in Egypt. Brugsch's services to Egyptology are most important, particularly in the decipherment of Demotic and the making of a vast Hieroglyphic -Demotic dictionary (1867–1882). He was buried in Berlin- Charlottenburg . His tombstone is a reused lid of an Egyptian sarcophagus of the Old Kingdom . Brugsch brought some biblical manuscripts from Sinai to Berlin ( Minuscule 257 , Minuscule 653 and Minuscule 654 ). The Brugsch Papyrus , also known as

108-531: The 1st Guards Infantry Division from 19 February to 18 September 1857, but resigned after encountering significant opposition to his approach on training. In 1859, he published the study On French Tactics , which highlighted the decisiveness of troop morale. In 1860, the Prince published a military book, titled, "Eine militärische Denkschrift von P. F. K." , which contained a series of reform proposals. As commander of III Army Corps from 1 July 1860 to 17 July 1870,

135-733: The Battle of Mars-la-Tour , overseeing the defeat of the Army of the Rhine at the Siege of Metz in 1870. Friedrich Karl was born at the Royal Palace in Berlin on 20 March 1828, as the only son of Prince Charles of Prussia , the brother of future German emperor William I . From 1842 to 1846, Frederick Charles was under the military tutelage of then Major Albrecht von Roon . In 1845, the Prince joined

162-758: The Bulaq Museum in 1883. He had been made a pasha by the khedive in 1881. He afterwards resided principally in Germany until his death in 1894, but frequently visited Egypt, took part in two more official missions to Persia in 1883 (with Prince Frederick Charles ) and 1885. He organized an Egyptian exhibit at the Philadelphia Exposition in 1876. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1869. He published his autobiography in 1894, concluding with

189-645: The Pour le Mérite . He shifted to the cavalry branch in October 1848 and was promoted to major in June 1849. He partook in a campaign in the Baden Revolution of 1849, during which he was wounded twice while leading a Guards Hussar squadron at the battle of Wiesenthal against Baden rebels. He continued to lead his squadron up till 1852. In 1851, the Prince wrote a radical field manual for light troops, underlining

216-692: The Second Army at Jičín but to capture Prague on his own. Before the Battle of Königgrätz , the troops of the prince were at Kamenitz . By his command the First Army was the first to arrive at Königgrätz. Along with the Army of the Elbe , the First Army held the numerically superior Austrians at bay for seven hours from 08:00 to 15:00, inflicting such massive casualties on the Austrians that it took

243-489: The Army of the Rhine at the Siege of Metz . After the fall of Metz on 27 October, his army was sent to the Loire to clear the area around Orléans , where French armies, first under Aurelle de Paladines , then under Chanzy , were trying to march north to relieve Paris . He won battles at Orléans on 2 December and Le Mans from 10–12 January 1871. For his services he was promoted to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall . After

270-699: The Austro-Prussian allied army and conquered Jutland . He served with distinction in the Austro-Prussian War where he commanded the First Army , consisting of the II , III , IV , and Cavalry corps. At the start of the war the prince's army marched to the East. This caused a gap between the First Army and the Second Army , however enabled it to link up with the Army of the Elbe . On June 28,

297-662: The East Prussian constituency of Labiau - Wehlau . At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War , the Prince was given command of the Second Army, and defeated the French Army of the Rhine at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour on 16 August 1870, cutting off its escape route to the west. The battle was followed by another victory at Gravelotte-St.Privat on 18 August and the encirclement and annihilation of

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324-692: The Greater Berlin Papyrus, in the Berlin Museum (Pap. Berl. 3038), an important ancient Egyptian medical papyrus, bears the name of Heinrich Karl Brugsch. It was studied originally by him. Brugsch has been described in the context of the Curse of the pharaohs , as was his brother, through his delusional belief he held the post of Lepsius at the University of Berlin while the latter was still alive and though he had never been offered

351-464: The Prince and Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld attacked the Austrian Army at Munchengratz . They gained a victory in that battle and caused the Austrians to retreat to Jičín . On 29 June 1866, the prince ordered August von Werder , commanding the 3rd Division , to fight against the Austrians at Jičín. The 3rd Division was victorious in the resulting Battle of Gitschin but the campaign

378-584: The Prince implemented his reforms and turned his corps into a leader in Prussian military innovation. Promoted to General der Kavallerie , the Prince took part in the Second Schleswig War of 1864 against Denmark , where he held command over the Prussian troops in the Austro-Prussian expeditionary force and defeated the Danes at the Battle of Dybbøl . In May 1864, he became supreme commander of

405-485: The School of Egyptology at Cairo , producing numerous very valuable works and pioneering the decipherment of Demotic , the simplified script of the later Egyptian periods. Heinrich Karl Brugsch was born in Berlin in 1827. He was the son of a Prussian cavalry officer, and was born in the barracks at Berlin. He early manifested a great inclination to Egyptian studies, in which he was almost entirely self-taught. At

432-446: The age of 16, he applied himself with success to the decipherment of Demotic , which had been neglected since the death of Champollion in 1832. Brugsch's work, Scriptura Ægyptiorum Demotica (Berlin, 1848), containing the results of his studies, appeared while he was a student at the gymnasium . It was followed by his Numerorum Demoticorum Doctrina (1849), and his Sammlung demotischer Urkunden (1850). His 1848 work brought him to

459-583: The army and was sent to an infantry company. Roon accompanied the Prince to the University of Bonn in 1846. He was the first Hohenzollern prince to study in a university. He became a member of the Corps Borussia Bonn in 1847 and was awarded Prussia's Lifesaving Medal for rescuing a child from the Rhine the same year. After his studies, the Prince went back to his regiment in 1848, where he

486-718: The arrival of just one division from the Second Army, the latter commanded by his cousin the Crown Prince Frederick William , to complete the victory and cause the Austrians to order a general withdrawal at 15:00. The First Army then marched on Vienna . After the war, he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Pour le Mérite . He was elected to the North German Reichstag in the February 1867 North German federal election , representing

513-464: The attention of Alexander von Humboldt and Prussian King Frederick William IV . After completing his university course, support from the king enabled him to complete his studies with visits to foreign museums at Paris , London , Turin , and Leyden . In 1853, he was sent to Egypt by the Prussian government in 1853, and contracted an intimate friendship with Mariette, whom he assisted in his work. After this he returned to Berlin, where, in 1854, he

540-499: The importance of training individual soldiers to take the initiative and not wait for orders. During the following peace years he was promoted to colonel in 1852 and granted the command of the Guards Dragoon Regiment, where he introduced realistic field exercises and insisted on combat readiness. He became major general and commander of the 1st Guards Cavalry Brigade in 1854 and lieutenant general in 1856. He commanded

567-537: The position. He was the brother of Egyptologist Émile Brugsch who was responsible for the poorly documented evacuation of the royal mummies at Deir el-Bahari . Among the most important of his works besides those mentioned are: Attribution: Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (1828%E2%80%931885) Prince Friedrich Karl Nikolaus of Prussia (20 March 1828 – 15 June 1885) was the son of Prince Charles of Prussia (1801–1883) and his wife, Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877). Prince Friedrich Karl

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594-473: The war, the Prince was made Inspector-General and was given the rank of Field Marshal of Russia by his cousin Alexander II of Russia . He died of a heart attack at Jagdschloss Glienicke on 15 June 1885. He became the namesake of SMS Friedrich Carl . On 29 November 1854 at Dessau he married Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau (1837–1906), daughter of Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt . He had met her at

621-529: Was a grandson of King Frederick William III of Prussia and a nephew of Frederick William IV and William I . As a military commander, the Prince had a major influence on the Royal Prussian Army 's advances in training and tactics in the 1850s and 1860s. He commanded one of the armies which defeated the Austrian army at the Battle of Königgrätz in 1866 and the French Army of the Rhine at

648-544: Was appointed privatdocent in the university , and, in 1855, assistant in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin . He visited Egypt again in 1857. In 1860 he was sent to Persia on a special mission under Baron Minutoli , travelled over the country, and after Minutoli's death discharged the functions of ambassador. In 1863, he founded the Egyptological journal, Zeitschrift für Aegyptische Sprache . In 1864 he

675-465: Was consul at Cairo, in 1868 professor at Göttingen , and in 1870 director of the school of Egyptology, founded at Cairo by the khedive . He was soon raised to the rank of bey (1873); from this post, he was unceremoniously dismissed in 1879 by the European controllers of the public revenues, determined to economize at all hazards; and French influence prevented his succeeding his friend Mariette at

702-470: Was ill regarded by the headquarters as it was outside of the strategic plans of King William of Prussia . Friedrich Karl was disappointed by the German General Staff in return. Meanwhile the combined operation of the two armies strained the supply lines and both Armies were starving. Chief of Staff Helmuth von Moltke inferred that the operational aim of Friedrich Karl was not to unite with

729-472: Was promoted to captain. His company was issued the breech-loading Dreyse needle gun and the Prince produced an article on its probable future impact, writing that the troops could be prevented from firing off all their ammunition through good training and discipline. He served on Friedrich Graf von Wrangel 's staff during the First Schleswig War of 1848. During the war Friedrich Karl received

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