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69-572: Branxholme is a hamlet in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland , overlooking the River Teviot , 3 miles (5 kilometres) southwest of Hawick , on the A7 road to Langholm . Nearby are Ale Water , Alemoor Loch , Burnfoot , Borthwick Water , Colterscleugh Monument , Roberton , Stobs Castle , Teviothead and Wilton The novelist Sir Walter Scott , a close friend and relative of

138-534: A 9.9% change from its 2011 population of 60,555. With a land area of 51.79 km (20.00 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,285.4/km (3,329.3/sq mi) in 2016. The permanent population of the Fort McMurray urban service area according to the RM of Wood Buffalo's 2021 municipal census is 72,917, a change of 1.2% from its 2018 municipal census permanent population of 72,056. In addition,

207-547: A boomtown . Housing prices and rents are far higher in Fort McMurray than most such remote areas, and in 2006, Fort McMurray had the highest prices in Alberta. The Alberta government has promised to release more Crown land for residential construction, particularly in Timberlea on the north side. There are several airports in the area , with Fort McMurray International Airport being the largest in northern Alberta . It

276-578: A buurtschap officially is a part of another place (e.g. Bartlehiem , part of Wyns ). In Pakistan, a hamlet is called a gaaon گاؤں or mauza موضع in Urdu , giraaan گراں or pind پنڈ in Punjabi , and kalay کلې in Pashto . It is almost synonymous to 'village'. In Poland, the law recognises a number of different kinds of rural settlement . Przysiółek (which can be translated as "hamlet") refers to

345-404: A dorp (village), no infrastructure (i.e. no inn, no school, no store) and contains often only one street, bearing the same name. The houses and farms of a gehucht or a buurtschap can be scattered. Though there are strong similarities between a gehucht and buurtschap , the words are not interchangeable. A gehucht officially counts as an independent place of residence (e.g. Wateren ), while

414-426: A cluster of farms. Osada (which is typically translated as "settlement" but also can be translated as "hamlet") includes smaller settlements especially differing by type of buildings or inhabited by population connected with some place or workplace (like mill settlements, forest settlements, fishing settlements, railway settlements, former State Agricultural Farm settlements). They can be an independent settlement, or

483-559: A decade, until another slump in oil prices which began in December 2014 and deepened in 2015 resulted in layoffs and postponement of projects. In June 2013, heavy rains caused the Hangingstone River to flood, causing a six-day state of emergency , a bridge collapse, the closure of highways 63 and 881 , and the evacuation of 150 people. On May 3, 2016, a large wildfire burning southwest of Fort McMurray resulted in

552-459: A distinction was often that selo has a church and derevnia has not. The once common Russian word хутор ( khutor ) for the smallest type of rural settlement (arguably closest in nature to the English hamlet) is now mostly obsolete. The state of USSR wanted to have some form of basic infrastructure and central authority at each and every settlement. Obviously, this is the opposite of a hamlet -

621-455: A few houses in the rural outskirts of a village. In Ukraine, a very small village such as a hamlet usually is called a selyshche or khutir . There also existed such places like volia , sloboda , huta , buda , and others. In England , the word hamlet (having the French origin given at the top of this article) means (in current usage) simply a small settlement, maybe of

690-414: A few houses or farms, smaller than a village. However, traditionally and legally, it means a village or a town without a church, although hamlets are recognised as part of land use planning policies and administration. Historically, it may refer to a secondary settlement in a civil parish , after the main settlement (if any); such an example is the hamlet of Chipping being the secondary settlement within

759-910: A hamlet is called a "bigha" . In state of Karnataka , a hamlet is known by different names like Palya , Hadi (Haadi), Keri , and Padi (Paadi). In olden days, the human population of hamlet was less than Halli (Village) or Ooru (Uru). But in the 20th century with tremendous increase in population, some of these hamlets have become villages, towns, cities or merged with them. All over Indonesia , hamlets are translated as "small village", desa or kampung . They are known as dusun in Central Java and East Java, banjar in Bali, jorong or kampuang in West Sumatra . The Dutch words for hamlet are gehucht or buurtschap . A gehucht or buurtschap has, compared to

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828-430: A hamlet lacks a compact core settlement and lacks a central building such as a church or inn. However, some hamlets ( Kirchwiler ) may have grown up as an unplanned settlement around a church. There is no population limit that defines a hamlet and some hamlets have a larger population than some of the smallest municipalities. Generally there are no street names in a hamlet; rather, addresses are given by hamlet name and

897-516: A larger entity (e.g. parish or municipality ). In Spain, the hamlet is one of the categories in the official gazetteer of population entities. In the Royal Order and Instruction of the 8 of March 1930, issued for the elaboration of the Annual gazetteer, the hamlet ( aldea ) is defined as the population entity with the smallest population and neighbourhood, usually more disseminated than

966-538: A larger municipality (similar to civil townships in the United States), such as many communities within the single-tier municipalities of Ontario , Alberta 's specialized and rural municipalities, and Saskatchewan 's rural municipalities. Canada's two largest hamlets— Fort McMurray (formerly incorporated as a city) and Sherwood Park —are located in Alberta. They each have populations, within their main urban area, in excess of 60,000—well in excess of

1035-507: A number. House numbers might start at one side of the hamlet and continue to the other side or may have no clear organization. A hamlet may form or have formed a Bürgergemeinde (legal place of citizenship regardless of where a person was born or currently lives) and may own common property for the Bürgergemeinde . In Turkey , a hamlet is known as a mezra and denotes a small satellite settlement usually consisting of

1104-461: A parent commune . In the Russian language, there are several words which mean "a hamlet", but all of them are approximately equivalent. The most common word is деревня ( derevnia , the word meant "an arable" in the past); the words село ( selo , from the Russian word селиться ( selit'tsa ), meaning "to settle") and посёлок ( posiolok ) are quite frequently used, too. Parallel to many other cultures,

1173-403: A part of another settlement, like a village. In Romania , hamlets are called cătune (singular: cătun ), and they represent villages that contain several houses at most. They are legally considered villages, and statistically, they are placed in the same category. Like villages, they do not have a separate administration, and thus are not an administrative division, but are part of

1242-464: A place without either for being too small to meaningfully support those. Even without state pressure, once one of the neighboring khutor s got a permanent shop, school, community center (known in Russia as дом культуры, "house of culture"), maybe a medical post, others would naturally relocate closer, drawing together into one village. Thus, the diminutive form деревенька ( derevenka , tiny derevnia )

1311-547: A specific service, such as water, sewer, or lighting to provide only that hamlet with services. A hamlet could be described as the rural or suburban equivalent of a neighborhood in a city or village. The area of a hamlet may not be exactly defined; it may be designated by the Census Bureau , or it may rely on some other form of border (such as a ZIP Code , school district or fire district for more urbanized areas; rural hamlets are typically only demarcated by speed zones on

1380-500: A town a year later. Fort McMurray was granted the status of new town so it could get more provincial funding. By 1966, the town's population was over 2,000. In 1967, the Great Canadian Oil Sands (now Suncor ) plant opened and Fort McMurray's growth soon took off. More oil sands plants were opened, especially after the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when serious political tensions and conflicts in

1449-474: A transportation stopover in the decades afterwards. The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway arrived in 1915 complementing existing steamboat service. The community has played a significant role in the history of the petroleum industry in Canada . Oil exploration is known to have occurred in the early 20th century, but Fort McMurray's population remained small, no more than a few hundred people. By 1921, there

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1518-462: A village. The term Lieu-dit is also applied to hamlets, but this can also refer to uninhabited localities. During the 18th century, it was fashionable for rich or noble people to create their own hameau in their gardens . This was a group of houses or farms with rustic appearance, but in fact very comfortable. The best known are the Hameau de la Reine built by the queen Marie-Antoinette in

1587-593: Is ferm toun , used in the specific case of a farm settlement, including outbuildings and agricultural workers' homes. The term hamlet was used in Wales to denote a geographical subdivision of a parish (which might or might not contain a settlement). Elsewhere, mostly in England, these subdivisions were called "townships" or "tithings". The Welsh word for "hamlet" is pentrefan (also pentrefyn ). Both these words are diminutives of pentref ("village") with

1656-520: Is also used for designating small groups of rural dwellings or farmhouses. A hamlet in Spain is a human settlement, usually located in rural areas, and typically smaller in size and population than a village (called in Spain, pueblo Spanish: [ˈpweβlo] ). The hamlet is a common territorial organisation in the North West of Spain ( Asturias , Cantabria and Galicia ) dependent on

1725-472: Is considered the heart of one of Alberta's (and Canada's) hubs of petroleum production, located near the Athabasca oil sands . Besides the oil sands , the economy also relies on natural gas and pipeline transport , forestry and tourism. Oil sands producers include Syncrude , Suncor Energy , Canadian Natural Resources , and CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC . Fort McMurray's growth is characteristic of

1794-509: Is in widespread, albeit unofficial, use to denote such settlements, which mostly possess the amenities of a village yet the size of hamlet. In Spain , a hamlet is called lugar , aldea or cortijada ( Spanish: [koɾtiˈxaða] ). The word comes from the Spanish term cortijo («estate»). In the South of Spain, the term caserío ( Spanish: [kaseˈɾi.o] )

1863-501: Is part of a larger municipality. In different states of India , there are different words for hamlet. In Haryana and Rajasthan , it is called " dhani " ( Hindi : ढाणी ḍhāṇī ) or "Thok" . In Gujarat , a hamlet is called a "nesada" , which are more prevalent in the Gir forest . In Maharashtra , it is called a "pada" . In southern Bihar, especially in the Magadh division ,

1932-432: Is serviced by Air Canada , Air Canada Express , McMurray Aviation , Northwestern Air , WestJet and WestJet Encore , with scheduled flights to Calgary , Edmonton , Fort Chipewyan , Fort Smith , Montreal and Toronto . The airport is also serviced by various oil companies with corporate and charter flights heading north to private airstrips at oil sands operations. Flights are frequently booked to capacity because of

2001-452: Is the only highway between Fort McMurray and Edmonton . Due to the industrial demands of the oilsands, Highway 63 boasts some of the highest tonnage per kilometre in Canada, and the largest and heaviest loads that trucks have ever carried. Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016. Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche . Canadian National Railway (CN) discontinued

2070-479: The 1979 Mississauga train derailment and the 1950 Red River flood . About one-fifth of homes in the community were reported to be destroyed in the fire. On April 27, 2020, massive ice jams along the Athabasca River resulted in a major flood. It devastated the downtown of Fort McMurray, submerging streets and ruining businesses, cars and houses. Approximately 13,000 people from Fort McMurray and

2139-477: The 2021 census , the Fort McMurray population centre recorded 68,002 residents living in 24,505 of its 28,670 total private dwellings, a change of 1.3% from its 2016 population of 67,123 . With a land area of 52.17 km (20.14 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,303.5/km (3,376.0/sq mi) in 2021. In the 2016 census , the Fort McMurray population centre recorded 66,573 residents living in 23,937 of its 28,567 total private dwellings,

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2208-610: The Advanced Placement program at one of their schools, being Westwood Community High School . On Abasand Drive, École Boréal is the only francophone school in the area and goes from pre-kindergarten to grade 12. Keyano College is a publicly funded college and vocational institute based in the area and plays a role in training workers for the oil sands. Known as the cultural hub of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, Keyano College contains both

2277-517: The Muskeg Mixed ( mixed train ) to Fort McMurray in 1989, and there has been no passenger rail service since. CN continues to operate freight service on its Lac La Biche subdivision and stations beyond. Canada Post identified Fort McMurray as "having a particularly high cost to serve" in January 2014, and planned to institute a surcharge of $ 5.00 for all parcels shipped to the area. However,

2346-540: The Natural Resources Canada (NRC) Plant Hardiness Zone 3a. The community lies at a lower elevation than most other parts of Alberta, so under the right conditions it can be a "hot spot" for Alberta. Temperatures range from an average of −17.2 °C (1.0 °F) in January, to 17.3 °C (63.1 °F) in July. The average annual precipitation is 404.6 mm (15.93 in) and falls mainly in

2415-645: The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada. It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage. Formerly a city, Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No. 143 on April 1, 1995, to create

2484-518: The Town of Hempstead , with a population of over 50,000, are more populous than some incorporated cities in the state. In Oregon , specifically in Clackamas County , a hamlet is a form of local government for small communities that allows the citizens therein to organize and co-ordinate community activities. Hamlets do not provide services, such as utilities or fire protection, and do not have

2553-401: The lugar , though its buildings can be also organised in streets and plazas. In the four national languages, hamlets are known as Weiler (German), hameaux (French), frazioni (Italian) and fracziun ( Romansh ). A hamlet is always part of a larger municipality or may be shared between two municipalities. The difference between a hamlet and a village is that typically

2622-493: The 10,000-person threshold that can choose to incorporate as a city in Alberta. As such, these two hamlets have been further designated by the Province of Alberta as urban service areas . An urban service area is recognized as equivalent to a city for the purposes of provincial and federal program delivery and grant eligibility. A hamlet, French: hameau , is a group of rural dwellings, usually too small to be considered

2691-404: The 2021 municipal census counted a shadow population of 3,089 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 76,006, while the 2018 municipal census counted 3,559 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 75,615. Fort McMurray is an increasingly multicultural community. The 2021 census published by the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo found roughly 6,700 people moved to

2760-635: The 4th Duke of Buccleuch , chose Branxholme as the setting for his book The Lay of the Last Minstrel . The castle had been the hereditary seat of the Scotts of Buccleuch since the 15th century, and it was the centre of power in Upper Teviotdale , on one of the main historic routes south towards England. The original tower house was burned in 1532 by the Earl of Northumberland , and it

2829-529: The City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No. 143 were amalgamated to form the Municipality of Wood Buffalo. The new municipality was subsequently renamed the Regional Municipality (RM) of Wood Buffalo on August 14, 1996. As a result, Fort McMurray was no longer officially designated a city. Instead, it was designated an urban service area within a specialized municipality . The amalgamation resulted in

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2898-612: The European demand for this commodity at the time was strong. Pond explored the region farther south along the Athabasca River and the Clearwater River , but chose to set up a trading post much farther north by the Athabasca River near Lake Athabasca . However, his post closed in 1788 in favour of Fort Chipewyan , now the oldest continuous settlement in Alberta . In 1790, the explorer Alexander MacKenzie made

2967-478: The Fort McMurray area. The Athabasca oil sands were known to the locals and the surface deposits were used to waterproof their canoes. During the fur trade , the location of Fort McMurray, west of Methye Portage , was an important junction on the fur trade route from eastern Canada to the Athabasca Country . In 1778, the first European explorer, Peter Pond , came to the region in search of furs, as

3036-543: The Middle East triggered oil price spikes. The population of the town reached 6,847 by 1971 and climbed to 31,000 by 1981, a year after its incorporation as a city. The population peaked at almost 37,000 in 1985, then declined to under 34,000 by 1989. Low oil prices since the oil price collapse in 1986 slowed the oil sands production greatly, as oil extraction from the oil sands is a very expensive process and lower world prices made this uneconomical. On April 1, 1995,

3105-460: The Municipality of Wood Buffalo (renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14, 1996). Despite its current official designation of urban service area, many locals, politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city. Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962. Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century, the Cree were the dominant First Nations people in

3174-487: The authority to levy taxes or fees. There are four hamlets in Oregon: Beavercreek , Mulino , Molalla Prairie , and Stafford . In Vietnam , a hamlet ( xóm , ấp ) is the smallest unofficial administrative unit. It is a subdivision of a commune or township ( xã ). Fort McMurray Fort McMurray ( / m ə k ˈ m ʌr i / mək- MURR -ee ) is an urban service area in

3243-525: The civil parish of Buckland . Hamlets may have been formed around a single source of economic activity such as a farm, mill, mine or harbour that employed its working population. Some hamlets may be the result of the depopulation of a village ; examples of such a hamlet are Graby and Shapwick . Because of the hilly topography of the parish, the village of Clent , situated on the Clent Hills , consists of five distinct hamlets. In Northern Ireland ,

3312-572: The common Irish place name element baile is sometimes considered equivalent to the term hamlet in English, although baile would actually have referred to what is known in English today as a townland : that is to say, a geographical locality rather than a small village. In the Scottish Highlands , the term clachan , of Gaelic derivation, may be preferred to the term hamlet . Also found in Scotland more generally

3381-596: The confluence of the Athabasca River , the Clearwater River , the Hangingstone River, and the Horse River. It sits at 370 m (1,210 ft) above sea level. Fort McMurray is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo. White spruce , trembling aspen , balsam poplar and white birch are the most prominent native trees in and around town. Black spruce and tamarack occur in poorly drained areas and jack pine may be seen on

3450-399: The diminutive of Old French hamel meaning a little village. This, in turn, is a diminutive of Old French ham , possibly borrowed from ( West Germanic ) Franconian languages . It is related to the modern French hameau , Dutch heem , Frisian hiem , German Heim , Old English hām , and Modern English home . In Afghanistan , the counterpart of

3519-528: The driest sites. European aspen , blue spruce and sand cherry are among the exotic trees occasionally seen. With severe winters except during periods of warming chinook winds , mild to warm summers and only three months which average temperature is higher than 10.0 °C (50.0 °F), Fort McMurray has a borderline subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ), being just below the threshold of humid continental climate ( Dfb ), with May and September average temperature of 9.9 °C (49.8 °F). It falls into

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3588-455: The entire RM of Wood Buffalo being under a single government. Its municipal office is located in Fort McMurray, which accounts for the great majority of the RM's population; all but 5,000 of the RM's residents live in the Fort McMurray urban service area. The city continued to grow for a few years even after the oil bust caused by the 2003 collapse in world oil prices. Oil price increases since 2003 made oil extraction profitable again for around

3657-702: The first recorded description of the oil sands . By that time, trading between the explorers and the Cree was already occurring at the confluence of the Clearwater and Athabasca rivers. The Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company were in fierce competition in this region. Fort McMurray was established there as a Hudson's Bay Company post by 1870, named for the Chief Factor William McMurray. It continued to operate as

3726-636: The hamlet is the qala ( Dari : قلعه, Pashto : کلي) meaning "fort" or "hamlet". The Afghan qala is a fortified group of houses, generally with its own community building such as a mosque, but without its own marketplace. The qala is the smallest type of settlement in Afghan society, outsized by the village ( Dari / Pashto : ده), which is larger and includes a commercial area. In Canada's three territories , hamlets are officially designated municipalities . As of January 1, 2010: In Canada's provinces, hamlets are usually small unincorporated communities within

3795-582: The high transient worker population and workers who commute to Fort McMurray from other parts of Canada. Fort McMurray Transit operates in the community, with routes that extend to all subdivisions on the south side and subdivisions on the north side. Although the service concentrates on Fort McMurray it does operate to hamlets in the RM including Anzac , Janvier , Conklin and Fort McKay . Ebus and Red Arrow operate scheduled passenger bus services to Edmonton and other communities along Highway 63 , as well as other destinations farther south. Highway 63

3864-574: The loose meaning of "small village". In Mississippi , a 2009 state law (§ 17-27-5) set aside the term "municipal historical hamlet" to designate any former city, town, or village with a current population of less than 600 inhabitants that lost its charter before 1945. The first such designation was applied to Bogue Chitto, Lincoln County . In New York, hamlets are unincorporated settlements within towns . Hamlets are not legal entities and have no local government or official boundaries. Their approximate locations will often be noted on road signs, however,

3933-471: The mandatory evacuation of the community. Record-breaking temperatures, reaching 32.8 °C (91 °F), low relative humidity and strong winds contributed to the fire's rapid growth in forests affected by "an unusually dry and warm winter". Upwards of 88,000 people in the community and surrounding region were evacuated. It was Canada's largest recorded wildfire evacuation in history and third-largest recorded environmental disaster evacuation behind

4002-556: The mountains) or scattered (more often in the plains). In North West Germany, a group of scattered farms is called Bauerschaft . In a Weiler, there are no street names, the houses are just numbered. There is no legal definition of a hamlet in Germany. In Bavaria, like in Austria, a Weiler is defined as a settlement with 3 to 9 dwellings, from 10 houses it is called a village. A hamlet does not usually form its own administrative unit, but

4071-564: The oil sands through hot water extraction by the 1930s, but production was very low. Fort McMurray's processing output gradually grew to over 1,100 barrels/day by World War II , and Fort McMurray was set up by the US and Canadian forces as staging ground for the Canol Project . Fort McMurray and Waterways amalgamated as the village of McMurray (the "Fort" was dropped until 1962, when it was restored to reflect its heritage) by 1947, and became

4140-513: The park of the Château de Versailles , and the Hameau de Chantilly built by Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé in Chantilly, Oise . The German word for hamlet is Weiler ( German: [ˈva͡ɪlɐ] ). A Weiler has, compared to a Dorf (village), no infrastructure (i.e. no inn, no school, no store, no church). The houses and farms of a Weiler can be grouped (in the hills and

4209-788: The population of the region's First Nation reserves because they do not fall under municipal jurisdiction. First Nations people represent four percent of the municipality's population. Métis people represent 2.89 percent of the population, followed by Inuk (0.16 percent) and non-Status First Nation (0.13 percent). About 3.2 percent of people identified as African , followed by mixed ethnicities (2.44 percent), Black or African Canadian (2 percent), European (1.73 percent), Arab (1.41 percent), Hispanic or Latin American (1.08 percent), Caribbean (0.67 percent) and Oceanic (0.13 percent). 2.88 percent of respondents did not answer and 0.52 said they did not know their ethnicity. Fort McMurray

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4278-461: The population. The 2021 census found 61.5 percent of residents are white, compared to 64 percent in 2016. The second largest pan ethnic group is Indigenous (10 percent), South East Asian (9.2 percent), followed by South Asian (7 percent). People identifying as Chinese , Japanese or Korean represented 1.3 percent of the population. Indigenous peoples represented 7 percent, remaining consistent from 2018. The municipal survey did not count

4347-419: The postal service retracted this decision before the rate change went into effect. The Fort McMurray Public School District (FMPSD) and Catholic School District both serve the primary, elementary, and secondary education needs of students in Fort McMurray. Each school district offers diverse programs like French immersion , performing arts or a dedicated technology and science lab, however only FMPSD offers

4416-666: The region since the 2018 census. The top four provinces that sent people were other communities in Alberta (55 per cent), followed by Newfoundland and Labrador (13 percent), and British Columbia and Ontario (nine percent each). This is a drastic change from the 2012 municipal census, which was taken when Fort McMurray and the oil sands was undergoing a huge period of economic and population growth. That census reported people from Ontario represented 27.5 percent of Canadians coming to Fort McMurray, followed by British Columbia (26.3 percent) and Newfoundland and Labrador (17.5 percent). People from elsewhere in Alberta made up 3.1 per cent of

4485-431: The roads serving them). Others, such as Forestville, New York , will be the remnants of former villages, with borders coextant with the previously defined borders of the defunct or dissolved village. Some hamlets proximate to urban areas are sometimes continuous with their cities and appear to be neighborhoods, but they still are under the jurisdiction of the town. Some localities designated as hamlets, such as Levittown in

4554-617: The summer months. Average annual snowfall is 110.6 cm (43.5 in), with almost all of it falling between October and April. The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort McMurray was 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) on June 30, 2021. The lowest temperature ever recorded was −53.3 °C (−63.9 °F) on February 1, 1917 and December 31, 1933. Neighbourhoods in Fort McMurray include Abasand Heights, Beacon Hill, Dickinsfield, Eagle Ridge, Grayling Terrace, Gregoire, Lower Townsite, Parsons Creek, Prairie Creek, Saline Creek, Stone Creek, Thickwood Heights, Timberlea, and Waterways . In

4623-479: The surrounding area were evacuated. On 14 May 2024, a wildfire led to the evacuation of several neighborhoods in the urban service area. The evacuation displaced upwards of 6,000 people from their homes in these neighborhoods. Fort McMurray is 435 km (270 mi) northeast of Edmonton on Highway 63 , about 60 km (37 mi) west of the Saskatchewan border, nestled in the boreal forest at

4692-689: Was blown up in April 1570 by the Earl of Sussex . The Easter Loch lies 2 miles west of Branxholme, and its outlet is the Newmill Burn. This Scottish Borders location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hamlet (place) The word and concept of a hamlet can be traced back to Norman England , where the Old French hamelet came to apply to small human settlements. The word comes from Anglo-Norman hamelet , corresponding to Old French hamelet ,

4761-419: Was serious interest in developing a refining plant to separate the oil from the sands. Alcan Oil Company was the first outfit to begin bulk tests at Fort McMurray. The nearby community of Waterways was established to provide a southern terminus for waterborne transportation when the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway reached there in 1921. Abasands Oil was the first company to successfully extract oil from

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