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48-595: The official designation Amazônia Legal encompasses all seven brazilian states of the North Region ( Acre , Amapá , Amazonas , Pará , Rondônia , Roraima and Tocantins ), as well as most of Mato Grosso in the Center-West Region and the western part of Maranhão in the Northeast Region . Amazônia Legal is a 5,016,136.3 km region with around 24 million inhabitants; in other words 59% of

96-578: A diverse number of tribes and villages, from the pre-Columbian period until the arrival of the European people. The Spaniards, among them Francisco de Orellana , organized exploratory expeditions by the Amazon River to know the region. After long journeys alongside Francisco de Orellana , Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés wrote a letter addressed to Cardinal Pedro Bembo in Venice , extolling

144-618: A huge menu of fruits, such as the local açaí , pupunha, tucumã, cupuaçu , buriti, abiu, urucu, Malay apple , cumaru, guaraná , and ingá, among other fruits. The whole region has a rich variety of ingredients, but also foods based on cassava such as water flour, uarini flour, tapioca flour, tapioca gum, tucupi, among others. The population of northern Brazil is largely made up of Caboclos , descendants of Native Brazilians and Europeans - mostly Portuguese, French and Spanish. North of Brazil has received and continues to receive large migration of people from South and Southeast regions of

192-442: Is approximately 204,930.90 m². The fundamental principle of UFPA is the integration of teaching, research, and extension functions. It was listed 15th in the ranking of the largest institutions in the country in terms of enrollments. UFPA is a Federal Institution of higher education with didactic, scientific, disciplinary, administrative, financial and property management autonomy. It is a multiple-Campus university with operations in

240-611: Is centered in urban areas. Belém International Airport and Manaus International Airport connect the North Region with many Brazilian cities and also operate some international flights. The region is home to the Federal University of Amazonas and the Federal University of Pará , among others. The first inhabitants of the North Region, as in the rest of Brazil, were the Native Brazilians , who shared

288-500: Is made up of the brazilian states of: Pará, Maranhão, Amapá, Tocantins and, Mato Grosso. This is also formed by 20% of the cerrado biome and part of the pantanal . Its population is 12.4% of the national population (21,056,532 inhabitants). A total population of 24.7 million inhabitants lives in the area, including more than 300,000 indigenous people belonging to more than 170 ethnicities. Among these are many traditional extractive communities . Because of its remoteness, this region

336-735: Is officially accredited/recognised by the Brazilian Ministry of Education as a prominent, coeducational higher education institution. Some of its faculties, such as the Law School (founded in 1902), the Pharmacy School (founded in 1903), and the Medical School (founded in 1919), being among the oldest in Brazil and being absorbed by it. Its territorial area is approximately 3,328,655.80 m², while its built-up area

384-409: Is the highest on earth with some experts estimating that one square kilometre may contain over 75,000 types of trees and 150,000 species of higher plants . One square kilometre of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. This constitutes the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world. One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rainforests of

432-562: The Boa Vista International Bus Station to Venezuela and Guyana. Federal University of Par%C3%A1 The Federal University of Pará ( Portuguese : Universidade Federal do Pará , UFPA ) is one of the public universities maintained by the Brazilian federal government in the state of Pará . The university, with + 50,000 students enrolled in its courses, operates across multiple campuses in

480-683: The National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA) in 1952, the establishment of regional development agencies such as the Superintendency of Development for the Amazon (SUDAM) in 1966 and the Free Economic Zone of Manaus in 1967 began to contribute to the settlement of region and in the execution of projects focused on the region. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests and comprises

528-541: The Northeast Region , moved to the region. Also many Japanese families came to work in the agricultural colonies. During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, military governments implemented a major plan to integrate the region with other regions of Brazil, including the construction of several highways (such as the BR-010 ), the installation of industries and the creation of the Free Economic Zone of Manaus . The territorial division into countries does not necessarily coincide with

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576-444: The Amazon. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogue Some latitudes can create a region with hot and humid climates. The existence of heat and the enormous liquid mass favor evaporation and make the region a very humid area. Dominated by an equatorial climate , the region presents high temperatures throughout

624-659: The Amazonian states, causing rapidly falling temperature. The Amazonian heat provides an area of low latitude that attracts masses of polar air. Occurring in winter, the effect of "friagem" lasts a week or so. With its own folklore, the main attractions are the Parintins Folklore Festival , Círio de Nazaré in Belém , Rio Branco and Macapá ; Sairé Festival , in Santarém , Expo Acre (the largest in

672-512: The Catholic missionaries came to the region, in order to catechize the natives. The natives were assembled by missionaries in villages, called missions, many of which gave birth to several cities, such as Borba and Óbidos . Some of the Region's oldest towns: Bragança , Xapuri , Tefé , Natividade and Amapá . In order to work on rubber extraction, Brazilians from other states, mainly from

720-707: The Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Belém in 1954. These educational institutions were the forerunners of UFPA. The University of Pará was officially created on July 2, 1957, by decree no. 3,191, sanctioned by the then president Juscelino Kubitschek , after five years of legislative process. It brought together the seven federal, state, and private colleges existing in Belém: Law, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Medicine and Surgery, Civil Engineering, Economic, Accounting and Actuarial Sciences, and Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters. More than 18 months after its creation,

768-874: The North region) and typical dances, Marujada, Carimbó , Brazilian Calypso , Tecno brega and Cirandas such as Samba lelê and others. In the region, there are some of the most beautiful theaters and palaces in Brazil: The Amazon Theatre , located in Manaus , Palácio Rio Branco , in Rio Branco, Palácio Senador Hélio Campos , in Boa Vista, Teatro das Bacabeiras , in Macapá and the Peace Theatre , located in Belém . The gastronomic culture of

816-800: The Rector, during which Decree No. 65,880, dated December 16, 1969, approved the new restructuring plan of the Federal University of Pará. One of the essential elements of this plan was the creation of Centers, with the extinction of existing Faculties, and the definition of the Departments' functions. On September 2, 1970, the Federal Council of Education approved the General Regulations of the Federal University of Pará through Ordinance No. 1,307/70. A regimental revision

864-557: The State of Pará ) and manganese, at Navio Mountain Range (in the State of Amapá ). Small-scale Buffalo creation and the Free Economic Zone of Manaus are also important to the local economy. Vehicles : 1,746,501 (March/2007); Telephones : 1,805,000 (April/2007); Cities : 449 (2007). Portuguese language is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. However, English and Spanish are also part of

912-568: The University of Pará was solemnly installed in a session chaired by President Kubitschek at the Teatro da Paz , on January 31, 1959. Its installation was a merely symbolic act, as Decree no. 42,427 had already approved, on October 12, 1957, the first Statute of the University, which defined the orientation of the institution's educational policy, and since November 28 of the same year, the first rector, Mário Braga Henriques (Nov. 1957 to Dec. 1960),

960-428: The aim of promoting regional development and also improving the institution's core activities. A new restructuring of the University was attempted in 1968, with a plan presented to the Federal Council of Education. From late 1968 to early 1969, a series of legal diplomas, notably Laws no. 5,539 and 5,540/68, established new criteria for the operation of Universities. From July 1969 to June 1973, Aloysio Chaves served as

1008-568: The beginning of the country's redemocratization. Amazon Brazil Latin America World The Museum of the Federal University of Pará (MUFPA) was established in 1983 to house collections of the university from both Brazil and its North Region . It is located in the Augusto Montenegro Mansion , the former residence of Governor Augusto Montenegro . — Jean Hébette  : Professor Hébbete

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1056-410: The cities of Belém , Abaetetuba , Altamira , Ananindeua , Bragança , Castanhal , Cametá , Capanema , Breves , Tucuruí and Soure . Among UFPA research teams, there are many nationally recognized groups, particularly in the fields of genetics , parasitology , tropical diseases and geosciences . The Federal University of Pará is the largest institution in both the North region of Brazil and

1104-585: The city of Belém, organized as free colleges. The oldest of these is the Law School , established on March 31, 1902, followed by the establishment of the School of Pharmacy of Pará in 1903, the Free School of Dentistry in 1914, the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of Pará on January 9, 1919, the School of Engineering of Pará in 1931, the Faculty of Economic, Accounting and Actuarial Sciences in 1953, and

1152-405: The country, and accounts for a minor percentage of the national GDP . The region is slightly larger than India and slightly smaller than the whole European Union . It comprises the states of Acre , Amapá , Amazonas , Pará , Rondônia , Roraima , and Tocantins . It has the lowest population density out of all the regions of Brazil, with only 4.5 inhabitants per km . Most of the population

1200-522: The country. In the 20th century, also received great migration from the Northeast , who were working in the rubber plantations of Amazonas and Acre . The economy of the North Region is essentially based on the vegetal plantation and extraction, such as latex , açaí , woods and Brazil nuts ; and mineral extraction of gold , precious stones, cassiterite and tin (metal); as well as mining exploitation, mainly iron , at Carajás Mountain Range (in

1248-488: The entire Amazon by enrollment and is a reference in the areas of Biomedical Sciences and Biology research, this last one mainly because of the Amazon Rainforest . Also, it is widely regarded as the best university in the northern region of Brazil and throughout the Amazon biome. It was founded in 1957, as a non-profit public higher education institution located in the large city of Belém, Pará. The university

1296-670: The fauna and flora existing in the region at the time of the expedition. The 17th century marked the arrival of the Portuguese people , where they built military strongholds to defend the region against the invasion of other peoples, in 1616, causing in the foundation of Belém do Pará . The richness of the Amazon Rainforest has also become interesting for the Portuguese Crown . With the Portuguese explorers,

1344-465: The fields of parasitology, tropical diseases and geosciences. UFPA is a reference in the areas of biomedical sciences and biology research, the latter due to the city's location as a gateway to the Amazon river and house to the Amazon rainforest. The university main campus is located in the Pará's capital city, Belém , a city with a tropical climate. It is very humid and moist, with no dry season. This gives

1392-573: The geographic territory of Brazil is part of Amazônia Legal, but only 12.34% of the Brazilian population lives there. The administrative unit was initially established by Federal Law No. 5.173 (Art. 2). Although called Amazônia Legal, the region overlaps three different biomes : all of Brazil's Amazon biome , 37% of the Cerrado biome, and 40% of the Pantanal biome. The main characteristic of

1440-403: The indigenous occupation of the geographical space; in many cases, there are people living on both sides of international borders, which were created long after they were already in the region. From the beginning of the colonization from the 17th century to the present day, the inhabitants of Amazônia dedicated themselves to extractive and mercantilist activities, inserting between 1840 and 1910

1488-572: The largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world . Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome , and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia . As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity . More than 1/3 of all species in

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1536-676: The many river tours that are conducted on a regular basis. One can also drop by the Mercado Ver-o-Peso , the largest free fair in South America, as well as the Mangrove of Herons Garden, a contemporary-styled park in the Cidade Velha area of Belém. The current administrative model of UFPA emerged from the need to centralize a higher education institution for the eastern Amazon, as there were previously some colleges in

1584-620: The monopoly of rubber , mainly in Amazonas and Acre . All this process of colonization has brought about changes such as the reduction of the indigenous population, the increase of the Caboclo identity , the mixing of whites, blacks and indigenous people, the reduction of species of plants and animals and other consequences. After World War II , the Brazilian Amazon became part of the national development process. The creation of

1632-485: The northern region of Brazil is quite rich, has Indigenous , African and Portuguese roots, in addition to other influences from both within Brazil and other cultures outside the country, the strong Amazonian indigenous influence in its main dishes is remarkable, among the main highlights are delicacies such as duck in tucupi sauce, maniçoba, tacacá and a menu of a wide variety of species of Amazonian fish, such as pirarucu, tambaqui , jaú, piramutaba, among other species;

1680-791: The official high school curriculum. There are only a few highways in the North region. The most important ones are the BR-364 , the Interoceanic Highway , running through Acre into Peru , the BR-010 connecting Belém to Southern Brazil, and BR-174 connecting Manaus to Venezuela . Most of the transportation in the region is done by boat or airplane. There are two major airports in the region: Belém International Airport , serving Belém , and Eduardo Gomes International Airport , serving Manaus . The Rio Branco International Bus Station offers services to destinations in Peru and Bolivia,

1728-482: The region is the abundant and tropical vegetation , including large sections of rainforest . The Legal Amazon is divided into two parts: Western Amazon (Amazônia Ocidental, in portuguese) and Eastern Amazon (Amazônia Oriental, in portuguese). Amazônia Ocidental comprises the states of: Acre, Amazonas, Roraima and, Rondônia. Amazônia Oriental comprises the states of: Pará, Maranhão, Amapá, Tocantins and, Mato Grosso. The western region corresponding to 42.97% of

1776-523: The state of Pará. Featuring 154 undergraduate courses, 35 specialization courses, 100 master's programs, 55 doctoral programs, 25 institutes and centers, reaching 82 municipalities, 3 schools, 3 university hospitals, 28 medical residencies, 12 campuses, 1,021 research groups, 622 extension programs and projects, 2,458 technicians, 50,374 students, and 2,997 professors, it establishes itself as a center of excellence, where teaching, research, and extension converge to promote comprehensive education and contribute to

1824-525: The sustainable development of the region and the country as a whole. The university offers bachelor's degrees in the fields of arts and humanities, business and social sciences, language and culture, medicine and health, engineering and science and technology. Postgraduate degrees ( master 's and doctorate ) are offered in all of the above-mentioned areas, except medicine and health and language and culture (doctorate degree). Among UFPA research teams, there are many nationally recognised groups, particularly in

1872-534: The territorial extension of the Legal Amazon (60% of the Amazon Forest ), most preserved part. It is made up of the brazilian states of: Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia and, Roraima. The economy of region is based on: agroindustry, fish farming, livestock farming, food industry, plant and mineral extraction, agriculture and ecotourism, in which economy and sustainability go hand in hand. The western region

1920-584: The tropical rainforest vegetation the ideal amount of moisture in which to thrive. The Amazon is home to an astounding variety of species; both plant and animal. This area is known for being home to portions of the Amazon River and its jungle, as well as for its abundant rubber and timber plantations. Some of the most popular attractions include Estacao das Docas (Station of the Docks), Teatro da Paz (Peace Theatre) – dating back as far as 1869 and taking one of

1968-469: The university complex: The first rector of the Federal University of Pará was Professor Mário Braga Henriques, from the Law School, and the one who remained for the shortest period, only three years, in the rectory. Professor Coelho de Souza (1981-1985) was the last rector of the Military Regime, and Professor José Seixas Lourenço (1985-1989) was the first elected by the academic community, at

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2016-465: The world live in the Amazon Rainforest. The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants , and some 2000 birds and mammals species. To date, at least 40,000 plant species , 3,000 fish, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species in Brazil alone. The diversity of plant species

2064-595: The year (averages from 24 °C to 26 °C), a low thermal amplitude, with the exception of some areas of the states of Amazonas , Rondônia and Acre , where the phenomenon of "friagem" occurs, due to La Niña 's activity, allowing cold air masses coming from the South Atlantic Ocean to penetrate the states of the South Region of the country, pass through the Central-West region and reach

2112-608: The year 1985, the Rectorate's regulations were reformulated after the approval of Resolution No. 549 by the University Council on December 9, 1985, and have been in effect to the present date. José Seixas Lourenço held the rectorship from July 1985 to June 1989, followed by Nilson Pinto de Oliveira from July 1989 to June 1993, Marcos Ximenes Ponte from July 1993 to June 1997, and Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz from July 1997 to June 2001. The following units are part of

2160-483: Was an economist and one of the greatest references in research involving Amazon's social conditions. — Luiz Carlos de Lima Silveira  : Luiz Silveira was a pioneer in the development of Neuroscience at UFPa. He is a respected neuroscientist in Brazil and had a Ph.D. in Neurophysiology from Oxford University . — Maria Paula Cruz Schneider  : One of the greatest Brazilian's geneticist. Dr. Schneider

2208-559: Was carried out in 1976/1977, aiming to comply with subsequent legal provisions, which led to a new Regulation approved by the Federal Council of Education through Opinion No. 1,854/77 and published in the Official Gazette on July 18, 1978. Clóvis Cunha da Gama Malcher took office in July 1973 (Jul. 1973 to Jun. 1977), followed by Aracy Amazonas Barretto (Jul. 1977 to Jun. 1981) and Daniel Coelho de Souza (Jul. 1981 to Jun. 1985). In

2256-544: Was in office. On December 19, 1960, José Rodrigues da Silveira Netto took office, holding the Rectorate for eight and a half years (Dec. 1960 to July 1969). The first statutory reform of the University took place in September 1963, when the new Statute was published in the Official Gazette. Two months after the statutory reform, the University was restructured by Law no. 4,283, of November 18, 1963. During this period, new courses and new basic activities were implemented, with

2304-400: Was the last to be colonized by Brazilians of European descent. It still has a very low population density . North Region, Brazil The North Region of Brazil ( Portuguese : Região Norte do Brasil [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w ˈnɔʁtʃi du bɾaˈziw] ) is the largest region of Brazil , accounting for 45.27% of the national territory. It has the second-lowest population of any region in

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