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88-596: Since 1973, The Breakers has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Today, the hotel and grounds occupy 140 acres (57 ha) and employ over 2,300 people. The Breakers has also received high acclaim from organizations and media agencies such as the American Automobile Association , American Institute of Architects , Forbes Travel Guide , and the U.S. News & World Report . After experiencing success in

176-680: A New-York Tribune advertisement in December 1895 indicates that the hotel opened before then. Regardless, the Palm Beach Inn reached full occupancy for most of its first season. Unlike the Royal Poinciana Hotel, which sat along the Lake Worth Lagoon , the Palm Beach Inn was an oceanfront hotel, the first of its kind south of Daytona Beach . This led to the construction of a 1,000 foot (300 m)-pier at

264-503: A grain elevator , a gazebo and a bridge. Objects are usually artistic in nature, or small in scale compared to structures and buildings. Although objects may be movable, they are generally associated with a specific setting or environment. Examples of objects include monuments, sculptures and fountains. Sites are the locations of significant events, which can be prehistoric or historic in nature and represent activities or buildings (standing, ruined, or vanished). When sites are listed, it

352-495: A 1–0, 12-inning, one-hit night game victory. His mound opponent, Chet Brewer , struck out 19 men. That same year, he beat a younger Negro league star who was just bursting into superstardom, Satchel Paige , also by 1–0, in their only meeting against each other. Williams retired from baseball two years later. Although barred from the major leagues, Williams pitched many games against major league stars in postseason barnstorming exhibitions. He proved to be as tough against them as he

440-472: A National Register nomination, although historians and historic preservation consultants often are employed for this work. The nomination consists of a standard registration form (NPS 10-900) and contains basic information about a property's physical appearance and the type of significance embodied in the building, structure, object, site, or district. The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) receives National Register nominations and provides feedback to

528-555: A Palm Beach, Florida team for more than 20 years during his active career. Williams married Beatrice A. Johnson on March 22, 1922, in New York City. Upon retiring from baseball in the late 1930s, Williams became a bartender and continued this until his death from a heart ailment. Beatrice Williams survived him. Williams is interred at Lincoln Memorial Cemetery , a historic African American cemetery in Suitland, Maryland. He

616-533: A ball game outside of Palm Beach... (are) rooting hard for their favorite team. Twelve years after Flagler's death, The Breakers caught fire again on March 18, 1925, attributed to an electric curling iron that had been left on in a room occupied by the wife of Chicago mayor William Hale Thompson . The hotel had more than 400 guests at the time, including Titanic survivor Margaret Brown , actress Billie Burke , and General Foods owner Marjorie Merriweather Post , although The Palm Beach Post noted on

704-539: A casino, a saltwater bath, and the first 18-hole golf course in Florida. However, during the fourth expansion of The Breakers on June 9, 1903, fire broke out in the casino kitchen, which became visible as far away as Fort Pierce and Miami . Efforts by the East Coast and West Palm Beach fire departments proved futile, with the hotel, a cottage, the casino, and several nearby stores burning down. Dynamite used on

792-584: A classically trained New York City artist who taught at Cooper Union . The Breakers reopened on December 29, 1926, to considerable acclaim. This hotel influenced the Hotel Nacional in Havana , Cuba . In addition to the Florentine dining room, a new feature of the 1926 hotel, a second dining room opened two years later, known as The Circle, which The Palm Beach Post described in 1996 as "Perhaps

880-457: A designated building. NRHP listing imposes no such restrictions, but rather is "primarily an honor", although tax subsidies may be available for renovations. France had about 43,600 monuments in 2015. Cyclone Joe Williams Joseph Williams (April 6, 1886 – February 25, 1951), nicknamed " Cyclone Joe " and " Smokey Joe ", was an American right-handed pitcher in Negro league baseball . He

968-563: A historic district are united historically or aesthetically, either by choice or by the nature of their development. There are several other different types of historic preservation associated with the properties of the National Register of Historic Places that cannot be classified as either simple buildings or historic districts. Through the National Park Service, the National Register of Historic Places publishes

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1056-646: A policy developed early in its history. The United States Supreme Court ruled in the 1971 case Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe that parklands could have the same protected status as " historic sites ". Listed properties are generally in one of five broad categories, although there are special considerations for other types of properties that in anyone, or into more specialized subcategories. The five general categories for National Register properties are: building, structure, site, district and object. In addition, historic districts consist of contributing and non-contributing properties. Buildings, as defined by

1144-607: A series of bulletins designed to aid in evaluating and applying the criteria for evaluation of different types of properties. Although the criteria are always the same, the manner they are applied may differ slightly, depending upon the type of property involved. The National Register bulletins describe the application of the criteria for aids to navigation, historic battlefields, archaeological sites, aviation properties, cemeteries and burial places, historic designed landscapes , mining sites, post offices, properties associated with significant persons, properties achieving significance within

1232-497: A serious fall at his residence, Whitehall . He spent the next few months at The Breakers' Nautilus Cottage, but succumbed to his injuries there on May 20. Since Flagler forbade motorized vehicles on the property, patrons were delivered between the two hotels in wheeled chairs powered by employees. In the winter of 1915–1916, the Breakers Hotel hired the services of Cyclone Joe Williams and many fellow team members of

1320-679: Is buried in a grave shared with his wife's mother and step-father. In 1950, there was a "Smokey Joe Williams Day" at the Polo Grounds . The following year, Williams died at age 64 in New York City . Considerable debate existed and still exists over whether Williams or Paige was the greatest of the Negro league pitchers. Most modern sources lean toward Paige, but in 1952, a poll taken by the Pittsburgh Courier named Williams

1408-557: Is considered one of the greatest pitchers of all-time and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999 . Williams was born in Seguin, Texas . One of his parents was African American , and the other was a Comanche Native American. Williams grew up to become an outstanding pitcher, but as his path to the major leagues was barred by the color line , he spent his entire 27-year career (1905–1932) pitching in

1496-536: Is only an exception to the criteria that shape listings within the National Register of Historic Places. Of the eight "exceptions" [or criteria considerations], Consideration G, for properties that have achieved significance within the past fifty years, is probably the best-known, yet also misunderstood preservation principle in America. The National Register evaluation procedures do not use the term "exclusions". The stricter National Historic Landmarks Criteria, upon which

1584-528: Is required to "take into account the effect of the undertaking" on the National Register property, as well as to afford the ACHP a reasonable opportunity to comment. While Section 106 does not mandate explicitly that any federal agency director accept the advice of the ACHP, their advice has a practical influence, especially given the statutory obligations of the NHPA that require federal agencies to "take into account

1672-462: Is the locations themselves that are of historical interest. They possess cultural or archaeological value regardless of the value of any structures that currently exist at the locations. Examples of types of sites include shipwrecks , battlefields , campsites , natural features and rock shelters . Historic districts possess a concentration, association, or continuity of the other four types of properties. Objects, structures, buildings and sites in

1760-596: The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) has the most significant role by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The section requires that the director of any federal agency with direct or indirect jurisdiction of a project that may affect a property listed or determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places must first report to the Advisory Council . The director of said agency

1848-579: The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), to confront adverse effects of federal activities on historic preservation. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior, with director George B. Hartzog Jr. , established an administrative division named the Federal Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (OAHP). Hartzog charged OAHP with creating

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1936-680: The Brooklyn Royal Giants for a season, then signed with the independent Homestead Grays , where, except for a brief turn with the Detroit Wolves in 1932, he spent the rest of his career in top-level black baseball. In 1929, playing for the Grays in the American Negro League at the age of 43, Williams won 12 games and lost seven. On August 2, 1930, at age 44, Williams struck out 27 Kansas City Monarchs in

2024-652: The Lincoln Giants of New York, helping that club become one of the premier African-American teams of the era. In 1913, he took part in a "Championship Series" that matched up them against the team considered the best of the West in the Chicago American Giants . From July 18 to August 13, the two teams played fourteen games with each other. He had a decision in Games 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, winning five of

2112-548: The Lincoln Giants pre-Negro leagues baseball team to take on another pre-Negro leagues baseball team made up of Indianapolis ABCs players hosted by the Royal Poinciana Hotel. The games hosted Negro league baseball stars of the day, including Ben Taylor , C.I. Taylor , Candy Jim Taylor , John Donaldson , Ashby Dunbar , Jim Jeffries , Jimmie Lyons , Bill Francis , Blainey Hall , Dick Wallace , Louis Santop , and Spot Poles . One newspaper column claimed that "Astors, Vanderbilts, Morgans, and hundreds of others, who never see

2200-727: The National Historic Landmarks designated before the Register's creation, as well as any other historic sites in the National Park System. Approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. The 1966 act required those agencies to work in conjunction with the SHPO and an independent federal agency ,

2288-603: The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in 1966 established the National Register and the process for adding properties to it. Of the more than one and a half million properties on the National Register, 95,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts . For most of its history, the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service (NPS), an agency within

2376-563: The United States Army , who planned to use the building as a temporary hospital facility. The order also included The Breakers' pools and casino, but excluded the cottages and golf course. On November 8, 1943, the U.S. Army named the facility the Ream General Hospital as a tribute to Major William R. Ream, a flight surgeon who died during World War I as a result of a plane crash. The U.S. Army transformed

2464-569: The United States Department of the Interior . In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs. Jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate. He was described as a skilled administrator, who was sensitive to the need for the NPS to work with SHPOs, academia and local governments. Although not described in detail in

2552-467: The United States Department of the Interior . Its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation , and coordinate, identify and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties. Protection of

2640-863: The United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida on September 26, 1944, stated that Ream General Hospital would be returned to civilian use on December 10, with the Florida East Coast Hotel company receiving $ 800,000 in compensation. Thereafter, Palm Beach architect and engineer John Volk and two Miami firms quickly restored The Breakers, allowing some guests to check-in as early as December 24 but not fully re-opening until January 7, 1945. The Flagler System, owners and operators of The Breakers, announced in April ;1969

2728-624: The 1966 act, SHPOs eventually became integral to the process of listing properties on the National Register. The 1980 amendments of the 1966 law further defined the responsibilities of SHPOs concerning the National Register. Several 1992 amendments of the NHPA added a category to the National Register, known as Traditional Cultural Properties: those properties associated with Native American or Hawaiian groups. The National Register of Historic Places has grown considerably from its legislative origins in 1966. In 1986, citizens and groups nominated 3,623 separate properties, sites and districts for inclusion on

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2816-585: The NPS history programs affiliated with both the U.S. National Park system and the National Register were categorized formally into two "Assistant Directorates". Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation. From 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (HCRS) of

2904-686: The NRHP designation, workers demolished all cottages on the north side of the hotel to clear space for the Two Breakers Row condominiums in 1984. However, Preservation Foundation of Palm Beach chair Earl E. T. Smith prevented demolition of the Seagull Cottage, with the organization spending more than $ 500,000 to relocate the cottage to near the Royal Poinciana Chapel and render restoration work prior to re-opening it to

2992-643: The National Park Service, including National Historic Sites (NHS), National Historical Parks , National Military Parks /Battlefields, National Memorials and some National Monuments . There are also 35 listed sites in the three island countries with a Compact of Free Association with the United States, as well as one site in Morocco, the American Legation in Tangier . Listing in the National Register does not restrict private property owners from

3080-448: The National Register criteria are based, do specify exclusions, along with corresponding "exceptions to the exclusions", which are supposed to apply more narrowly. A multiple property submission (MPS) is a thematic group listing of the National Register of Historic Places that consists of related properties that share a common theme and can be submitted as a group. Multiple property submissions must satisfy certain basic criteria for

3168-686: The National Register program mandated by the 1966 law. Ernest Connally was the Office's first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register. The division administered several existing programs, including the Historic Sites Survey and the Historic American Buildings Survey , as well as the new National Register and Historic Preservation Fund . The first official Keeper of

3256-569: The National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks (NHL), National Historic Sites (NHS), National Historical Parks , National Military Parks , National Memorials , and some National Monuments . On October 15, 1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPO). The National Register initially consisted of

3344-601: The National Register, a total of 75,000 separate properties. Of the more than one and a half million properties on the National Register, 95,000 are listed individually. Others are listed as contributing members within historic districts . It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States Government that special effort should be made to preserve the natural beauty of the countryside and public park and recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, and historic sites. Any individual can prepare

3432-530: The National Register, are distinguished in the traditional sense. Examples include a house, barn, hotel, church, or similar construction. They are created primarily to shelter human activity. The term building, as in outbuilding, can be used to refer to historically and functionally related units, such as a courthouse and a jail or a barn and a house. Structures differ from buildings in that they are functional constructions meant to be used for purposes other than sheltering human activity. Examples include an aircraft,

3520-460: The National Register. After the nomination is recommended for listing in the National Register by the SHPO, the nomination is sent to the National Park Service, which approves or denies the nomination. If approved, the property is entered officially by the Keeper of the National Register into the National Register of Historic Places. Property owners are notified of the nomination during the review by

3608-526: The National Register: religious properties (e.g., churches); buildings that have been moved; birthplaces or graves of important persons; cemeteries; reconstructed properties; commemorative properties (e.g., statues); and "properties that have achieved significance within the last fifty years". However, if they meet particular "Criteria Considerations" for their category in addition to the overall criteria, they are, in fact, eligible. Hence, despite

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3696-695: The Negro leagues, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Williams entered professional baseball in 1907 with the San Antonio Black Bronchos and was an immediate star, posting records of 28-4, 15-9, 20-8, 20-2, and 32-8. After that, the Chicago Giants , a team higher in the pecking order of black baseball, acquired him. In 1910, the Giants owner Frank Leland pronounced him the best pitcher in baseball, in any league. In 1911, Williams joined

3784-548: The Register was William J. Murtagh , an architectural historian . During the Register's earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed and underfunded. However, funds were still being supplied for the Historic Preservation Fund to provide matching grants-in-aid to listed property owners, first for house museums and institutional buildings, but later for commercial structures as well. In 1979,

3872-426: The Register, as well as those located in and contributing to the period of significance of National Register Historic Districts, became eligible for the federal tax benefits. Owners of income-producing properties listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places or of properties that are contributing resources within a National Register Historic District may be eligible for a 20% investment tax credit for

3960-527: The SHPO and state's historic review commission. If an owner objects to a nomination of private property, or in the case of a historic district, a majority of owners, then the property cannot be listed in the National Register of Historic Places. For a property to be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, it must meet at least one of its four main criteria. Information about architectural styles , association with various aspects of social history and commerce and ownership are all integral parts of

4048-665: The USA & Florida Forbes Travel Guide: The Breakers Palm Beach, Four-Stars & The Spa at The Breakers, Five-Stars In June 2024, Americas Great Resorts added the hotel to its Top Picks as a landmark property. National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) is the United States federal government 's official list of sites, buildings, structures, districts , and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic value". The enactment of

4136-645: The addition of the new Breakers West Golf Club along Okeechobee Boulevard and State Road 7 , approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of the hotel. The Flagler System sold some of the land to the Mayacoo Lakes Country Club Inc. in 1972. Around the mid-1980s, homes began being constructed within the Breakers West Golf Club. A 2008 profile of the Breakers West Golf Club in The Palm Beach Post indicated

4224-649: The ballroom into a recreation hall, the Coconut Grove room into a dental clinic, the south loggia into an officers' lounge, and the mezzanine section into operating rooms, while also creating a maternity ward, where more than a dozen babies were born. At its peak, the Ream General Hospital included 400 staffers and approximately 750 patients, many of whom suffered injuries during the North African campaign . An agreement filed with

4312-413: The building. The hotel remained opened throughout the entire year for the first time in 1971, averaging approximately 50 guests per day that summer. The Breakers Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places NRHP in 1973. The 105-acre (42 ha) listed area included 15 contributing buildings – the hotel and its 14 cottages – and one other contributing object. Despite

4400-615: The company's intentions of rebuilding The Breakers, with plans to abandon the wooden construction for fireproof concrete . The architectural firm hired by the Flagler heirs, Schultze and Weaver , modeled the 550-room replacement building after the Villa Medici in Rome , Italy. The firm worked with New York-based Turner Construction Company , hired on December 4, and a well-known local Palm Beach contractor, Eugene Hammond, who built

4488-538: The effect of the undertaking". In cases where the ACHP determines federal action will have an "adverse effect" on historic properties, mitigation is sought. Typically, a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) is created by which the involved parties agree to a particular plan. Many states have laws similar to Section 106. In contrast to conditions relating to a federally designated historic district, municipal ordinances governing local historic districts often restrict certain kinds of changes to properties. Thus, they may protect

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4576-677: The eight appearances as the Lincoln Giants won eight of fourteen games in the Series. In Game 5, he hit a home run. When manager John Henry Lloyd departed in 1914, Williams took over as player-manager, a post he held through the 1923 season. After the Lincolns finished an ignominious fifth (out of six teams) in the Eastern Colored League 's inaugural season, Williams was released in the spring of 1924. Williams joined

4664-492: The existence of 548 homes spread across "670 acres [270 ha] with tall pines and old Florida vegetation.", along with two golf courses and country clubs. During the same announcement in April 1969, Flagler System also stated their plans to add 174 rooms to the hotel and create The Breakers Beach Club on the former site of the casino, which closed in 1968. In 1970, The Breakers added an air conditioning system throughout

4752-564: The first few years of operation of the nearby Royal Poinciana Hotel , business tycoon Henry Flagler sought to accommodate more travelers on his Florida East Coast Railway and began construction on a second hotel in Palm Beach in 1895. This hotel, originally known as the Wayside Inn and later the Palm Beach Inn, was a Georgian Revival -style building. While some sources indicate that the Palm Beach Inn opened on January 16, 1896,

4840-558: The first theater in West Palm Beach and worked on the Palm Beach estate built for Rodman Wanamaker by Addison Mizner (which would become a Kennedy winter retreat in 1933). In January 1926, construction began on the new Breakers hotel, which required over 1,200 workers. Overall, rebuilding the hotel cost approximately $ 7 million. The lobby ceiling was painted by 72 artisans, including Alexander Bonanno,

4928-490: The flames burn buildings in Palm Beach. Although the fire departments of Fort Lauderdale , Fort Pierce , Lake Worth , Miami , Palm Beach , and West Palm Beach arrived at the scene, efforts to save The Breakers from burning down failed again. As with the 1903 fire, flames spread well beyond the hotel. Four cottages at The Breakers burned down. Additionally, embers blowing across the island ignited fires at many other buildings, destroying Edward R. Bradley 's beach club,

5016-473: The following day that "more than 1,000 guests and servants were rendered homeless." People staying at the hotel tossed their expensive possessions out the window, but most of these items were stolen or lost. The attempts at looting resulted in the deployment of militiamen and the arrests of 25 people. In turn, some newspapers reported that Palm Beach declared martial law , which police chief Joseph Borman denied. Approximately 10,000 spectators watched

5104-523: The forbidding language, these kinds of places are not actually excluded as a rule. For example, the Register lists thousands of churches. There is a misconception that there is a strict rule that a property must be at least 50 years old to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In reality, there is no hard rule. John H. Sprinkle Jr., deputy director of the Federal Preservation Institute, stated: [T]his "rule"

5192-401: The future. Thus, additions to an MPS can occur over time. The nomination of individual properties in an MPS is accomplished in the same manner as other nominations. The name of the "thematic group" denotes the historical theme of the properties. It is considered the "multiple property listing". Once an individual property or a group of properties is nominated and listed in the National Register,

5280-449: The greatest pitcher in Negro league history. In 1999, after extensive research on the early years of black baseball revealed his outstanding record, Williams was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame . In the 2001 book The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract , writer Bill James ranked Williams as the 52nd greatest player in baseball history, behind Sandy Koufax and ahead of Roy Campanella . This would rank Williams as

5368-543: The group of properties to be included in the National Register. The process begins with the multiple property documentation form which acts as a cover document rather than the nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. The purpose of the documentation form is to establish the basis of eligibility for related properties. The information of the multiple property documentation form can be used to nominate and register related historic properties simultaneously, or to establish criteria for properties that may be nominated in

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5456-402: The hotel and the opening of the original Port of Palm Beach, which allowed guests to travel to Havana , Nassau , and Key West via steamboat. The Palm Beach Inn underwent an expansion in 1901, at which time Flagler renamed it The Breakers due to guests requesting rooms "over by the breakers ". By the early 1900s, the hotel property also included accommodations for 600 guests, cottages,

5544-478: The hotel. Other notable guests arriving in subsequent years included Andrew Carnegie , William Thomas Grant , William Randolph Hearst , J. P. Morgan , J. C. Penney , and members of the Astor , Rockefeller , and Vanderbilt families. Seagull Cottage, the oldest home in Palm Beach, was moved to the north side of The Breakers in 1913 and became one of the hotel's cottages. In January of the same year, Flagler suffered

5632-429: The hotel. This new structure was a four-story, wood frame, Colonial-style building containing 425 rooms and suites. The Breakers re-opened on February 1, 1904. Rooms started at $ 4 per night, including three meals a day (in 2018, rooms started at $ 1,050 per night). Beriah Wilkins , an editor for The Washington Post , and Mary Caroline Blair , Duchess of Sutherland , became among the first guests to register at

5720-480: The last fifty years, rural historic landscapes, traditional cultural properties and vessels and shipwrecks. Properties are not protected in any strict sense by the Federal listing. States and local zoning bodies may or may not choose to protect listed historic places. Indirect protection is possible, by state and local regulations on the development of National Register properties and by tax incentives. By contrast,

5808-548: The most breathtaking room at The Breakers". In September 1928, the Okeechobee hurricane ravaged the Australian pine walkway linking The Breakers and the Royal Poinciana Hotel. The former lost most of its roof, windows, and the pier, while the north and south wings suffered water damage. Additionally, The Miami News reported 4 feet (1.2 m) of standing water inside the building and sand being deposited as high as

5896-415: The multiple property documentation form, combined with the individual National Register of Historic Places nomination forms, constitute a multiple property submission. Examples of MPS include the Lee County Multiple Property Submission , the Warehouses in Omaha , the Boundary Markers of the Original District of Columbia and the Illinois Carnegie Libraries . Before the term "Multiple Property Submission"

5984-490: The nine buildings included in the University of Connecticut Historic District in Storrs, Connecticut (listed in 1989, demolished in 2017), and the Terrell Jacobs Circus Winter Quarters in Peru, Indiana (listed in 2012, demolished in 2021). In France , designation of monument historique is similar to NRHP listing. In the French program, however, permanent restrictions are imposed upon designated monuments, for example requiring advance approval for any renovation of

6072-409: The nominating individual or group. After preliminary review, the SHPO sends each nomination to the state's historic review commission, which then recommends whether the State Historic Preservation Officer should send the nomination to the Keeper of the National Register . For any non-Federally owned property, only the State Historic Preservation Officer may officially nominate a property for inclusion in

6160-639: The nomination. Each nomination contains a narrative section that provides a detailed physical description of the property and justifies why it is significant historically with regard either to local, state, or national history. The four National Register of Historic Places criteria are the following: The criteria are applied differently for different types of properties; for instance, maritime properties have application guidelines different from those of buildings. The National Park Service names seven categories of properties that "are not usually considered for" and "ordinarily ... shall not be considered eligible for"

6248-403: The now-defunct Save America's Treasures grants, which apply specifically to properties entered in the Register with national significance or designated as National Historic Landmarks . The NHPA did not distinguish between properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places and those designated as National Historic Landmarks concerning qualification for tax incentives or grants. This

6336-509: The original Palm Beach Hotel , and 11 shops near that hotel, and threatening several other structures near Main Street . The Royal Poinciana Hotel also appeared to be in danger, but a wind shift spared the building. Damage totals from the fire ranged from $ 2.5 million to as much as $ 7 million. Some newspapers reported multiple deaths as a direct result of the fire, but according to The Palm Beach Post , Breakers manager John Greene

6424-463: The preservation of income-producing historic properties. The National Park Service was given the responsibility to ensure that only rehabilitations that preserved the historic character of a building would qualify for federal tax incentives. A qualifying rehabilitation is one that the NPS deems consistent with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation. Properties and sites listed in

6512-792: The properties that were demolished or otherwise destroyed after their listing are the Jobbers Canyon Historic District in Omaha, Nebraska (listed in 1979, demolished in 1989), Pan-Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles, California (listed in 1978, destroyed in a fire in 1989), Palace Amusements in Asbury Park, New Jersey (listed in 2000, demolished in 2004), The Balinese Room in Galveston, Texas (listed in 1997, destroyed by Hurricane Ike in 2008), seven of

6600-475: The property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. The application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. A property listed in the National Register, or located within a National Register Historic District , may qualify for tax incentives derived from

6688-498: The property more than a National Register listing does. The Department of Transportation Act , passed on October 15, 1966, the same day as the National Historic Preservation Act, included provisions that addressed historic preservation. The DOT Act is much more general than Section 106 NHPA in that it refers to properties other than those listed in the Register. The more general language has allowed more properties and parklands to enjoy status as protected areas by this legislation,

6776-514: The public in late 1985. On April 18, 2012, the AIA 's Florida Chapter ranked the hotel seventh on its list of "Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places". Today, the hotel and grounds occupy 140 acres (57 hectares) beside the Atlantic Ocean . The Breakers is currently a AAA five diamond rated resort and has maintained this rating since 1996. U.S. News & World Report : Best Hotels in

6864-615: The rehabilitation of the historic structure. The rehabilitation may be of a commercial, industrial, or residential property, for rentals. The tax incentives program is operated by the Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives program, which is managed jointly by the National Park Service, individual State Historic Preservation Offices and the Internal Revenue Service . Some property owners may also qualify for grants, like

6952-413: The state of Colorado, for example, does not set any limits on owners of National Register properties. Until 1976, federal tax incentives were virtually non-existent for buildings on the National Register. Before 1976 the federal tax code favored new construction rather than the reuse of existing, sometimes historical, structures. In 1976, the tax code was altered to provide tax incentives that promote

7040-526: The third floor. However, The Breakers opened for business on December 10, earlier than the previous winter season by several days. During the summer of 1942, Florida East Coast Hotel company officials considered keeping The Breakers closed for the upcoming season due to blackout orders in response to World War II , before announcing that the hotel would open on December 24. However, on December 11, United States District Judge John W. Holland issued an order granting possession of The Breakers to

7128-514: The total value of expenses incurred in preserving the property. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts and multiple property submissions (MPS). The Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties: district, site, structure, building or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties. Some properties are added automatically to

7216-418: The use of their property. Some states and municipalities, however, may have laws that become effective when a property is listed in the National Register. If federal money or a federal permitting process is involved, Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 is invoked. Section 106 requires the federal agency involved to assess the effect of its actions on historic resources. Statutorily,

7304-463: The verandas on the northside of the hotel prevented the fire from spreading much farther, while the Gretna Breeze noted that the Royal Poinciana Hotel "caught [fire] in half a dozen places, but superhuman efforts prevented its destruction." Losses from the fire totaled approximately $ 730,000 (1903  USD ). Within two weeks of the 1903 fire, Flagler announced his intentions to rebuild

7392-416: Was against the Negro leaguers, posting a 20–7 record in these games. Among his victims were Hall of Famers Grover Cleveland Alexander , Walter Johnson , Chief Bender , Rube Marquard , and Waite Hoyt . Three different times, he faced the eventual National League champions. He won two of those games and lost the third, 1-0 to the 1917 New York Giants despite throwing a no-hitter. Ty Cobb stated Williams

7480-501: Was deliberate, as the authors of the act had learned from experience that distinguishing between categories of significance for such incentives caused the lowest category to become expendable. Essentially, this made the Landmarks a kind of "honor roll" of the most significant properties of the National Register of Historic Places. As of 1999, 982 properties have been removed from the Register, most often due to being destroyed. Among

7568-671: Was introduced in 1984, such listings were known as "Thematic Resources", such as the Operating Passenger Railroad Stations Thematic Resource , or "Multiple Resource Areas". A listing on the National Register of Historic Places is governmental acknowledgment of a historic district, site, building, or property. However, the Register is mostly "an honorary status with some federal financial incentives". The National Register of Historic Places automatically includes all National Historic Landmarks as well as all historic areas administered by

7656-586: Was unaware of any injuries or deaths. In the immediate aftermath of the fire, the Royal Poinciana Hotel accommodated approximately 450 guests and 300 employees of The Breakers and the Palm Beach Hotel, while many other of the now-homeless guests and staffers found shelter at the residences of friends or the Rosa May Apartments. On March 22, four days after the fire, Florida East Coast Hotel vice president H. E. Bemis announced

7744-522: Was “a sure 30-game winner in the major leagues”. During Williams' years in New York, he acquired the nickname "Cyclone Joe", or simply "Cyclone", frequently being listed in box scores solely by that name. After joining the Homestead Grays in the late 1920s, his nickname became "Smokey Joe", and the older "Cyclone" appellation was rarely used after that. Williams played winter baseball with

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