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96-707: The district's name comes from the Brigitta Chapel , built between 1645 and 1651. It consists of a good tract of land secured by the regulation of the Danube 1870–75, and many of the major streets are named after members of the Danube Regulation Commission. Therefore, it does not contain any distinctive historical areas. Brigittenau was separated from the 2nd district in 1900. Earlier component districts were named Schottenau , Wolfsau , Taborau , and Zwischenbrücken . The best-known landmark

192-611: A brief decline around the Second World War, Floridsdorf's population has grown continuously, but with a significant fall from the 1990s on. At the beginning of 2007, there were 137,186 inhabitants - the third largest population among the Vienna districts. In terms of population density, Floridsdorf ranks only in the bottom quarter of the 23 Vienna municipalities, with 3,086 inhabitants per km . The population of Floridsdorf comprised, as of 2005, significantly more children, but also

288-624: A commemorative panel at Floridsdorf train station proclaims that on 23 November 1837 with the opening of the first section of the Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway between Floridsdorf and Deutsch-Wagram, the age of the railways began in Austria. From the middle of the 19th century, there were efforts to make Vienna reichsunmittelbar (self-governing under the Kaiser), separating it from the crown land of Austria at

384-564: A fire-syringe factory. 1828: The Colosseum, an entertainment facility, is built. 1830: There is a devastating ice floe and a great flood from the Danube. 1834: Construction of the "Universum" (today's Universe Street), another venue. 1838: The Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway opens, in 1837 as the first steam train of the Empire of Austria (including Hungary at that time) on the leg Floridsdorf - Deutsch-Wagram , one year later crossing

480-515: A hypothetical Thracian * Donaris . The Proto-Indo-European root of this presumed name is related to the Iranic word " don- "/" dan- ", while the supposed suffix -aris is encountered in the ancient name of the Ialomița River , Naparis , and in the unidentified Miliare river mentioned by Jordanes in his Getica . Gábor Vékony says that this hypothesis is not plausible, because

576-501: A period when repeated battles were fought between the two peoples. After the end of Roman rule, the territory attracted Lombards , Pannonian Avars , and Slavs . The Avars were later defeated by Charlemagne . The Magyars had conquered the Pannonian Basin (present-day Hungary ) by the end of the ninth century, and launched a number of plundering raids both westward and southward. The westward raids were stopped only with

672-440: A slightly higher proportion of adults over 60, than the Vienna average. The number of children under 15 was 16.2% higher than for Vienna overall (14.6%). The proportion of the population aged 15 to 59 was 61.4% (Vienna: 63.4%), well below the mean, while the 20 to 34 age group showed a decrease. The proportion of inhabitants aged 60 or older was 22.5% (Vienna: 22.0%) slightly above the Vienna average. The gender distribution as of 2001

768-535: Is 4,152 km (1,603 sq mi), of which 3,446 km (1,331 sq mi) are in Romania. If one includes the lagoons of Razim-Sinoe (1,015 km (392 sq mi) of which 865 km (334 sq mi) water surface), which are located south of the delta proper, but are related to it geologically and ecologically (their combined territory is part of the World Heritage Site),

864-477: Is also an important source of hydropower and drinking water . The Danube river basin is home to such fish species as pike , zander , huchen , Wels catfish , burbot and tench . It is also home to numerous diverse carp and sturgeon , as well as salmon and trout . A few species of euryhaline fish, such as European seabass , mullet , and eel , inhabit the Danube Delta and the lower portion of

960-434: Is also the smallest in area. The largest is Stammersdorf, to the north. Stammersdorf borders Strebersdorf and Großjedlersdorf, consisting of the two communities Großjedlersdorf I and II. To the east, on the border of the 22nd district, are Leopoldau and Donaufeld. Jedlesee in the west is composed of Jedlesee and Schwarze Lackenau. In addition to these full sub-districts, Floridsdorf also contains parts of Kagran and Kaisermühlen,

1056-635: Is built. A new road passing "Zwischen den Brücken" is created, therefore the Wolfsbrücke bridge is relocated further downstream. 1695: The Brigittakapelle is rebuilt. 1732: A pheasantry is erected by the Hof- und Landjägeramt. 1796: Near the Tabor bridge, the Johann Nepomuk chapel is built. 1810: In Brigittenau, the first hand-craft businesses settles, such as a Kunstblecherei, a steam sawmill and

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1152-612: Is divided into three main parts, separated by "gates" where the river is forced to cut through mountainous sections: Mean annual discharge on the hydrological stations (period from 2000 to 2023); 1 - Reni , Isaccea ; 2 - Silistra ; 3 - Pristol ; 4 - Batina , Bezdan ; 5 - Nagymaros , Szob ; 6 - Bratislava , Wolfsthal ; 7 - Untergriesbach Multiannual average, minimum and maximum discharge (water period from 1876 to 2010) Simulated water and suspended sediment results from climate-driven decadal study (with STD through specific decade): P – Simulated average precipitation in

1248-604: Is estimated that the Danube upper course will one day disappear entirely in favor of the Rhine, an event called stream capturing . The hydrological parameters of Danube are regularly monitored in Croatia at Batina , Dalj , Vukovar and Ilok . The Danube basin was the site of some of the earliest human cultures. The Danubian Neolithic cultures include the Linear Pottery cultures of the mid-Danube basin. Many sites of

1344-770: Is murdered by Paul Kunschak (brother of the Christian social politician Leopold Kunschak). 1914: Establishment of Sascha-Film by Count Sascha Kolowrat-Krakowsky , first producing in Brigittenau, Treustraße 76. A private association founds a hospital in the 20th Viennese district is at Stromstraße 34, the so-called Brigitta-Spital . 1924: Opening of the community residential complex "Winarsky-Court" ( Winarsky-Hof ); in its planning in 1921, well-known architects like Adolf Loos and Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky are involved. Danube The Danube ( / ˈ d æ n . j uː b / DAN -yoob ; see also other names )

1440-565: Is replaced by the electric tram ( Straßenbahn ) line 31. 1912: The reconstruction of Emperor Franz Joseph Bridge, now called Floridsdorfer bridge, started. The bridge was opened not earlier than 1922, after the end of the First World War. 1913: In the hall of the northwest station, Franz Schuhmeier  [ de ] , a social-democratic member of the Imperial Council Reichsratsabgeordnete,

1536-649: Is the Millennium Tower . The district also includes Adolf Hitler 's former residence in Vienna, the Meldemannstraße dormitory . The Brigittenau district is located on the north end of an old, wide island between the Danube Canal and Danube in the northeast of Vienna's city center area. The district is northwest of the thin Donauinsel (" Danube Island "), across on the northeast side of

1632-790: Is the second-longest river in Europe , after the Volga in Russia . It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe , from the Black Forest south into the Black Sea . A large and historically important river, it was once a frontier of the Roman Empire . In the 21st century, it connects ten European countries, running through their territories or marking a border. Originating in Germany ,

1728-480: Is the 21st district of Vienna ( German : 21. Bezirk, Floridsdorf ), located in the northern part of the city and comprising seven formerly independent communities: Floridsdorf, Donaufeld, Greater Jedlersdorf, Jedlesee, Leopoldau, Stammersdorf, and Strebersdorf. Settlements were already present during the New Stone Age (4000 to 2000 BC). Stone axes and potsherds unearthed from that time indicate that

1824-568: Is the fourth highest value in Vienna. Brigittenau to the west is bordered by the Danube Canal, which separates it from the district of Döbling , in the northwest, and from Alsergrund, in the southwest. The district boundary runs along the right bank, making the surface water of the Danube canal count towards Brigittenau. In the east, the left bank of the Danube River (at Danube Island) is the border with district Floridsdorf . Also here,

1920-686: Is to implement the Danube River Protection Convention by promoting and coordinating sustainable and equitable water management, including conservation, improvement, and rational use of waters and the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive and the Danube Strategy . The Danube Commission is concerned with the maintenance and improvement of the river's navigation conditions. It was established in 1948 by seven countries bordering

2016-701: The Argonautica by Apollonius Rhodos (Argon. IV. 282). At the end of the Okeanos Potamos , is the holy island of Alba (Leuke, Pytho Nisi, Isle of Snakes ), sacred to the Pelasgian (and later, Greek) Apollo, greeting the sun rising in the east. Hecateus Abderitas refers to Apollo's island from the region of the Hyperboreans, in the Okeanos. It was on Leuke, in one version of his legend, that

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2112-464: The Black Sea via the Danube Delta in Romania and Ukraine . Once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire , the river passes through or touches the borders of 10 countries. Its drainage basin extends into nine more (ten if Kosovo is included). In addition to the bordering countries (see above), the drainage basin includes parts of nine more countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina (4.6% of

2208-515: The Bystroye Canal . In 2022, there was a major heat wave in Europe. As a result, there was less water flowing in the rivers. As the water level decreased, a number of ship wrecks from World War II emerged in the Danube River. Many of the ships were from Nazi Germany 's Black Sea Fleet and had been scuttled to stop them from falling into enemy hands. The International Commission for

2304-660: The Danubian Limes was the northeastern border of the Empire, with occasional interruptions such as the fall of the Danubian Limes in 259. The crossing of the Danube into Dacia was achieved by the Imperium Romanum , first in two battles in 102 and then in 106 after the construction of a bridge in 101 near the garrison town of Drobeta at the Iron Gate. This victory over Dacia under Decebalus enabled

2400-679: The Habsburg monarchy , Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , and Russian Empire for controlling the Danube ( Tuna in Turkish ), which became the northern border of the Ottoman Empire for centuries. Many of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars (1366–1526) and Ottoman–Habsburg wars (1526–1791) were fought along the river. Floridsdorf Floridsdorf ( Austrian German: [ˈfloːrɪtsdɔrf] ; Viennese : Fluridsduaf )

2496-602: The Klosterneuburg Monastery . In 1786 Floridus Leeb, abbot of the monastery, transferred 26 properties to settler families. Through industrialization , Floridsdorf, originally an agricultural area, changed in a short time, so that on 8 May 1894 with the villages Donaufeld, Jedlesee and New Jedlersdorf, Floridsdorf was augmented to form a larger community. The steam tramway and the Northwest Railway have also contributed to industrialization. Today,

2592-570: The Oil campaign of World War II , the Floridsdorf oil refinery and oil sidings were bombed by the Allies, in addition to a part of the southern Heinkel aviation firm's Heinkel-Süd military aircraft production facilities. In 1954, the borders of Lower Austria and Donaustadt were re-drawn and Stammersdorf incorporated. North Floridsdorf is dominated by the southern foothills of Bisamberg . Since

2688-635: The PIE * isro- , * sreu 'to flow'. In the Middle Ages, the Greek Tiras was borrowed into Italian as Tyrlo and into Turkic languages as Tyrla ; the latter was further borrowed into Romanian as a regionalism ( Turlă ). The Thraco- Phrygian name was Matoas , "the bringer of luck". The Middle Mongolian name for the Danube was transliterated as Tho-na in 1829 by Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat . The modern languages spoken in

2784-564: The erosion processes during the ice ages (in the Pleistocene ) thad deposited large quantities. In this sections, the Danube cut wide terraces, where Brigittenau is in the "zone of recent meanderings", which forms the postglacial part of the terrace of the Prater . Alternating floods and ongoing relocations of the Danube bed, together with the formation of new rubble banks led to a low thickness of only 10 to 15 meters (33 to 49 ft). Above

2880-615: The Brigittakirche church starts. 1870 Construction on the Danube regulation as well as the construction of the Northwest station at the site of the former "Universums", near the present Tabor. 1871: The Northwest Railway Bridge and the Brigittabrücke (now Peace Bridge) were built. 1873: North rail bridge ( Nordbahnbrücke ) is built; construction of the Northwest station ended. 1874: Inauguration of Brigittakirche and

2976-507: The City Deanery 21 (Archdiocese of Vienna). By contrast, the proportion of Muslims is 4.9% and Orthodox 3.0%. The proportion of Protestant residents stood at 4.4% in Vienna overall. 28.9% of the district's population as of 2001 professed no membership of a religious community, this being the highest such value within the Vienna municipality. A Further 4.9% of the population gave no religion or other confession. The District Office and

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3072-497: The Danube Canal from the Danube's main stream, since 1873 a floating barrier ( Schwimmtor ) regulated the water inflow if needed. In 1894-98, Otto Wagner instead built the Nussdorf weir and lock . 1900: On 24 March 1900, in the era of mayor Karl Lueger , at the request of Brigittenauer politicians Brigittenau is separated from Leopoldstadt . The council declares Brigittenau to be the 20th Viennese district. This remains until 1904

3168-503: The Danube Canal. Brigittenau consists of two formerly separate communities, as the eponymous Brigittenau and Zwischenbrücken. Zwischenbrücken, however, is divided between Leopoldstadt and Brigittenau. The southern part of Zwischenbrücken is now in Leopoldstadt; the eastern part fell victim to the Danube regulation. Brigittenau received nearly 463.84 hectares (1,146.2 acres) of the 567.67-hectare (1,402.7-acre) municipal district of

3264-773: The Danube basin all use names derived from the Latin name Danubius : Danube is an Old European river name derived from the Celtic ' danu ' or ' don ' (both Celtic gods), which itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European * deh₂nu . Other European river names from the same root include the Dunaj, Dzvina/ Daugava , Don , Donets , Dnieper , Dniestr , Dysna and Tana/Deatnu . In Rigvedic Sanskrit , danu (दनु) means "fluid, dewdrop" and danuja (दनु-ज) means "born from danu " or "born from dew-drops". In Avestan ,

3360-431: The Danube basin; T – Simulated average temperature in the Danube basin; Q – Simulated average discharge in the Danube River at delta; S – Simulated sediment load in the Danube River at delta ; Historical average flow to the present day; Measured and reconstructed average water flows from 1742. The reconstructed and observed streamflow (Q – m /s) at Ceatal Izmail for the 1742 to 2022: The land drained by

3456-1040: The Danube extends into many other countries. Many Danubian tributaries are important rivers in their own right, navigable by barges and other shallow-draught boats. From its source to its outlet into the Black Sea, its main tributaries are (as they enter): 18. Tisza (entering near Titel ) 19. Sava (entering at Belgrade ) 20. Timiș (river) (entering at Pančevo ) 21. Great Morava (entering near Smederevo ) 22. Mlava (entering near Kostolac ) 23. Karaš (entering near Banatska Palanka ) 24. Jiu (entering at Bechet ) 25. Iskar (entering near Gigen ) 26. Olt (entering at Turnu Măgurele ) 27. Osam (entering near Nikopol, Bulgaria ) 28. Yantra (entering near Svishtov ) 29. Argeș (entering at Oltenița ) 30. Ialomița 31. Siret (entering near Galați ) 32. Prut (entering near Galați ) The Danube flows through many cities, including four national capitals (shown below in bold), more than any other river in

3552-565: The Danube flows southeast for 2,850 km (1,770 mi), passing through or bordering Austria , Slovakia , Hungary , Croatia , Serbia , Romania , Bulgaria , Moldova , and Ukraine . Among the many cities on the river are four national capitals: Vienna , Bratislava , Budapest , and Belgrade . Its drainage basin amounts to 817,000 km (315,000 sq mi) and extends into nine more countries. The Danube's longest headstream Breg rises in Furtwangen im Schwarzwald , while

3648-791: The Danube to the North Station at Praterstern. 1840: The first rail-bound train horses drive along what is nowadays the Jägerstraße of old Tabor to the "Colosseum". 1846: Clearing of the remaining riparian forests , erection of nurseries (Vorgartenstraße) in the north of the district. 1848: The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire also influence Vienna. Robert Blum , member of the Frankfurt Parliament and born in Cologne travels to Vienna for supporting

3744-643: The Danube was variously known as Danubius , Danuvius , Ister or Hister . The Latin name is masculine, as are all its Slavic names, except Slovene (the name of the Rhine is also masculine in Latin, most of the Slavic languages, as well as in German). The German Donau ( Early Modern German Donaw , Tonaw , Middle High German Tuonowe ) is feminine, as it has been re-interpreted as containing

3840-999: The Danube's direction of flow) include the Jedlesee bridge, the Vienna North Bridge, the Floridsdorf Bridge, the U6-Danube Bridge and the Brigittenauer Bridge. The northern section of the Old Danube flows through Floridsdorf. In 1992, the Marchfeld Canal, which crosses the district, was put into operation. Floridsdorf comprises seven formerly independent communities: Floridsdorf, Donaufeld, Greater Jedlersdorf, Jedlesee, Leopoldau, Stammersdorf, and Strebersdorf, plus portions of two others. The eponymous Floridsdorf sub-district

3936-610: The Danube's, today subsurface rivers carry much water from the Danube to the Rhine. On many days in the summer, when the Danube carries little water, it completely oozes away noisily into these underground channels at two locations in the Swabian Alb, which are referred to as the Donauversickerung ( Danube Sink ). Most of this water resurfaces only 12 km (7.5 mi) south at the Aachtopf , Germany's wellspring with

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4032-446: The Danube. The average height of the district area is 162.4 m above sea level. The area was originally called "Unterer Werd" (Werd = island in a stream, i.e. lower island in the stream). Through the regulation of the Danube, the character of the district area significantly changed. The floodplain and Donaualtarme stocks gradually disappeared. The Brigittenau district covers an area of 5.67 square kilometers (2.19 sq mi), or 1.4% of

4128-413: The Danube. Today the Commission include riparian and non-riparian states. Although the headwaters of the Danube are relatively small today, geologically, the Danube is much older than the Rhine , with which its catchment area competes in today's southern Germany. This has a few interesting geological complications. Since the Rhine is the only river rising in the Alps mountains which flows north towards

4224-414: The East the sea stored clay marl , sand and algae, whose thickness increases to the east. In the Sarmatian (upper Miocene) by the performance of the oceans a brackish fauna emerged and clay marl was deposited. Also, this layer has increasing thickness from west to east. Today, this layer on the Brigittenauer Spitz lies 10 meters (33 ft) below the surface, at Zwischenbrücken 360 meters (1,180 ft). In

4320-434: The Enns , Floridsdorf being envisaged as the future capital of Lower Austria. By 1904, Floridsdorf was made up of the localities Jedlesee , Greater Jedlersdorf, Donaufeld, Leopoldau, Kagran, Hirschstetten, Stadlau, and Aspern. Then in 1910, Strebersdorf was also incorporated into Vienna. Through the establishment of the new district Donaustadt in 1938, Floridsdorf lost Kagran, Stadlau, Hirschstetten, Aspern and Lobau. During

4416-420: The Floridsdorf coat of arms comprise the crests of the previously independent municipalities Floridsdorf, Greater Jedlersdorf, Jedlesee, Leopoldau, Stammer, and Strebersdorf. These six divisions of the Floridsdorf crest may be described as follows: The Museum of Local History, now known as the District Museum, founded in 1960 in the Floridsdorf Mautner Schlössl (Prague Street) building, is devoted principally to

4512-532: The Greeks borrowed the Istros form from the native Thracians. He proposes that the Romanian name is a loanword from a Turkic language ( Cuman or Pecheneg ). Classified as an international waterway , it originates in the town of Donaueschingen , in the Black Forest of Germany , at the confluence of the rivers Brigach and Breg . The Danube then flows southeast for about 2,730 km (1,700 mi), passing through four capital cities ( Vienna , Bratislava , Budapest , and Belgrade ) before emptying into

4608-409: The Kaiser Franz Joseph Bridge. 1897 The first electric tram in Vienna. The "Transversallinie" (today line 5) connects the Vienna head stations of North, Northwest, Franz Joseph and Western Railway. Coming from the 2nd district, it heads along the Augarten (Rauscherstraße) and Wallenstein Street, then on the Brigittabrücke (today's Peace Bridge, Friedensbrücke ) into the 9th district. At the junction of

4704-528: The Kaiser-Franz-Joseph Bridge over the new stream bed (since 1875 water-bearing) of the Danube (today Floridsdorfer Bridge). 1875: The New Danube bed is ready. Due to the Danube regulation large new areas of land for building have been created. 1883–1884: Construction of the Kaiser Franz Joseph Bridge (now Heiligenstädter Bridge) across the Danube Canal . 1886: Opening of the steam tramway Vienna-Stammersdorf. The route into today's 21st district leads through Jägerstraße, Stromstraße and Marchfeldstraße and over

4800-405: The Magyar defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld of 955 , which led to a new political order in Western Europe centered on the Holy Roman Empire . Around 1000 AD, the Babenberg ruled in the area that is now modern Vienna. In 1014 came the first written mention of what today is Floridsdorf Jedlesee , then called Outcinesse (Sea of Uz). For a long time, the Danube could be crossed only by ferry . In

4896-435: The North Sea, an invisible line beginning at Piz Lunghin divides large parts of southern Germany, which is sometimes referred to as the European Watershed . Before the last ice age in the Pleistocene , the Rhine started at the southwestern tip of the Black Forest, while the waters from the Alps that today feed the Rhine were carried east by the so-called Urdonau (original Danube). Parts of this ancient river's bed, which

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4992-487: The Pannonium, the increasingly silting-up freshwater lake deposited tegel. The territory of Brigittenau is covered with quaternary deposits, the thickness from 10 to 15 meters (33–49 ft). The bottom layers consist mostly of gravel with sand and layers of gravel. In the area between Heiligenstadt bridge, Franz-Josef railway station, Augarten and the freight station, these layers are covered with loam , fine sand and loess -like deposits. The rubble deposits stem from

5088-424: The Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) is an organization that consists of 14 member states (Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Montenegro, and Ukraine) and the European Union . The commission, established in 1998, deals with the whole Danube river basin, which includes tributaries and groundwater resources. Its goal

5184-418: The Province of Dacia to be created, but in 271 it was abandoned by emperor Aurelian . Avars used the river as their southeastern border in the 6th century. Part of the rivers Danubius or Istros was also known as (together with the Black Sea) the Okeanos in ancient times, being called the Okeanos Potamos (Okeanos River). The lower Danube was also called the Keras Okeanoio (Gulf or Horn of Okeanos) in

5280-496: The Romans to the present day. The Vienna Fisheries Museum presents its visitors with information on local fishing through the ages, featuring an exhibition of rare specimens of native fish, aquariums, ancient writings and exhibits, fishing gear and fish-eating animals. In Jedlesee , at the former estate of Countess Anna Maria Erdődy , a memorial to Ludwig van Beethoven was established. The choral group Harmony (exact name: Floridsdorfer Chorvereinigung "Harmony 1865"; founded: 1865)

5376-471: The Serbian and the Romanian stretches of the Danube. However, the transgressions may not be considered acts of piracy, as defined according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , but rather instances of "river robbery". On the other hand, media reports say the crews on transport ships often steal and sell their own cargo and then blame the plundering on "pirates", and the alleged attacks are not piracy but small-time contraband theft along

5472-425: The Vienna Basin. The deeper background of the Vienna Basin is the Brigittenau from flysch rocks. With the demolition of the Vienna Basin, this is a layer on top Brigittenauer only 200 meters (660 ft) in height, however, in Zwischenbrücken 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) in depth. During the medium Miocene (Badener layer) the pool broke and deposited in power less freshwater sediments (sands and conglomerates). From

5568-415: The Vienna area. This puts Brigittenau in the lower middle of the Vienna municipal districts. Due to its location, about 21% of the area is on water, the second highest value in Vienna. While green space is below average, the proportion in the traffic areas is among the highest. In the south, the Brigittenau district borders the 2nd district, Leopoldstadt . The Brigittenau district lies on the western edge of

5664-419: The area in a four-day battle. Thus the Brigitta sage came into being, which the current Brigittakapelle remembers. 1670: The first written mention is made of "Brigittenau". The previous names were: "Im Werd", "Schottenau" and "Wolfsau". 1683: Second Turkish siege of Vienna - During heavy fightings in the Wolf's Lair and near the current Friedensbrücke, the Brigittakapelle is destroyed. 1688-1698: Tabor bridge

5760-488: The basin area), the Czech Republic (2.9%), Slovenia (2.0%), Montenegro (0.9%), Switzerland (0.2%), Italy (<0.15%), Poland (<0.1%), North Macedonia (<0.1%) and Albania (<0.1%). The total drainage basin is 801,463 km (309,447 sq mi) in area, and is home to 83 million people. The highest point of the drainage basin is the summit of Piz Bernina at the Italy–Switzerland border , at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The Danube River Basin

5856-790: The census districts of Hirschfeld, Nordrandsiedlung, Großfeldsiedlung, Schottenfeld, Siemensstrasse, Jochberg, Donaufelder Gartnergebiet, Mühlschüttel, Bruckhaufen and Industriegelande Bahndreieck. The district of Autokader takes its name from the largest auto plant of the Habsburg monarchy (Austro-Fiat), while Gaswerk Leopoldau is named for the city gas works , opened in 1911. The remaining Floridsdorf census districts are named after streets: Stammersdorf-Brünner Straße, Leopoldauer Straße-Siemensstraße, Strebersdorf-Pragerstraße, Koloniestraße, Shuttleworthstraße, Floridsdorf-Brünnerstraße, Floridsdorf-Am Spitz und Donaufeld-Leopoldauer Straße. Today's 21st district includes that area of Floridsdorf which, in 1869, along with its villages, had only 12,022 inhabitants. With

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5952-435: The centre of Floridsdorf are located round Am Spitz , at the junction of Prager Straße ( Prague Street) and Brünner Straße ( Brno Street). Parts of Floridsdorf were formerly villages, among which, for example, number Stammersdorf, Strebersdorf, and Leopoldau. Because of these sub-districts' origin as villages, Floridsdorf is characteristically rural, with most Heuriger taverns selling homegrown wine. The six panels of

6048-409: The city limits located near Vienna, the population increased rapidly and showed, up to the First World War, very high growth rates. In 1910, Floridsdorf already had 62,154 inhabitants, its population since 1869 having more than quintupled. Since Floridsdorf after the First World War had a comparatively low population density compared to other districts, the local population rose more gradually. Apart from

6144-423: The democratic movement. After the abolition of the Vienna Uprising , he was executed by the Austrian imperial army in the "Brigittawaldl". 1850: The Brigittenau area, between the Danube Canal and Danube, was incorporated as Leopoldstadt in the city of Vienna. It was the 2nd district of Vienna. 1862: A major flood occurs, the final impetus to the Vienna Danube regulation starting in 1870. 1867: Construction of

6240-471: The distance to the Black Sea by 400 km (250 mi); the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal is about 171 km (106 mi), finished in 1992, linking the North Sea to the Black Sea. A Danube-Aegean canal has been proposed. Danube River cruise for sightseeing is popular, especially between Passau , Germany, to Budapest , Hungary. In 2010–12, shipping companies, especially from Ukraine, claimed that their vessels suffered from "regular pirate attacks " on

6336-503: The district as of 2005, at 2.3%, was represented by Serbian and Montenegrin nationals. Another 1.2% were Turkish , 0.9% Polish and 0.6% German citizens. In 2001, a total of 15.4% of the district population was Austrian-born. Nearly 3.0% gave as their native language Serbian , 2.3% Turkish and 1.1% Croatian . Floridsdorf has, with 53.9%, one of the highest populations of Roman Catholics in Vienna (Vienna citywide: 49.2%). There are 16 districts with Roman Catholic parishes, forming

6432-407: The emergence of the Danube landscape, the beginning of steam navigation, railway history, and the history of some of the more ancient places in the area. The Museum of Harness and Saddlery, Horseshoes and Veterinary Orthopedics, closed in 2014, but pertaining to everything equine, housed a collection of bone specimens, saddles, horse and beef dishes and an exhibit on the development of horseshoeing from

6528-433: The first settlers in the area were hunters. In the vicinity of Leopoldau, bronze weapons and jewelry provide evidence of subsequent settlement. Several of these items are now in the District Museum. Around 500 BC, Celts entered the territory of present-day Floridsdorf, losing ground to the Romans as their empire expanded. The territory became a no-man's-land, or buffer zone, between the Romans and teutonic tribes , during

6624-477: The gorge) by the Iron Gate II Hydroelectric Power Station . On 13 April 2006, a record peak discharge at Iron Gate Dam reached 15,400 m /s (540,000 cu ft/s). There are three artificial waterways built on the Danube: the Danube-Tisa-Danube Canal (DTD) in the Banat and Bačka regions ( Vojvodina , northern province of Serbia); the 64 km (40 mi) Danube-Black Sea Canal , between Cernavodă and Constanța (Romania) finished in 1984, shortens

6720-436: The greater portions of which lie in the district of Donaustadt . Floridsdorf is also divided into 28 census districts. Although their names are identical or nearly identical to the corresponding sub-districts, the census districts of Donaufeld, Greater Jedlersdorf, Old Jedlesee, New Jedlesee, Leopoldau, Schwarzlackenau, Stammersdorf and Strebersdorf have distinct borders. Settlements and parcels of land have given their names to

6816-416: The hero Achilles was buried (to this day, one of the mouths of the Danube is called Chilia). Old Romanian folk songs recount a white monastery on a white island with nine priests. Between the late 14th and late 19th centuries, the Ottoman Empire competed first with the Kingdom of Serbia , Second Bulgarian Empire , Kingdom of Hungary , Principality of Wallachia , Principality of Moldavia and later with

6912-564: The highest district number. 1906: The Amtshaus on the Brigittaplatz opens. 1906: On 7 July, Anton Karas is born in the house at Leystraße 46. He becomes famous because in 1948 he played the zither theme for Harry Lime in the film The Third Man . 1907: The service station (in Vienna also known as Remise) in the Wexstraße for the then tram lines 3, 34 and V is opened. 1910: The steam tram to Stammersdorf  [ de ]

7008-423: The highest flow, an average of 8,500 L/s (300 cu ft/s), north of Lake Constance —thus feeding the Rhine. The European Water Divide applies only for those waters that pass beyond this point, and only during the days of the year when the Danube carries enough water to survive the sinkholes in the Donauversickerung. Since such large volumes of underground water erode much of the surrounding limestone, it

7104-535: The like-named Katastralgemeinde . Only the water area of the Danube belongs to three other Katastralgemeinden ; the largest part lies in the Floridsdorf district. There are 31 hectares (77 acres) in Donaufeld, 42.83 hectares (105.8 acres) in Floridsdorf and 30 hectares (74 acres) in Schwarzen Lackenau. A further breakdown of the district area is in the census-districts of official statistics, in which

7200-402: The lower third of the Vienna municipal districts. About 66% of green space is in parks, 22.3% in sport and leisure areas, with the remainder in small gardens and meadows. Due to the large shares of the area for the Danube Canal and Danube, waters take 20.9% of the total district territory. This is the second highest value of a district. The proportion of trafficked area in the district, with 32.9%,

7296-548: The municipality counts are combined. The eight census-districts ( Zählbezirke ) in Brigittenau are: Kapaunplatz, Zwischenbrücken, Brigittaplatz, Lorenz Müller-Gasse, Wallensteinstraße, Wextraße, Höchstädtplatz und Nordwestbahnhof. The first known settlers of this area were from the House of Babenberg , in the 11th century. In 1096, the area had been extended by Leopold III to the monastery he founded St. Mary Nivenburg (today Klosterneuburg Monastery ). The owners often changed because

7392-533: The northern barbarian Thracian and Illyrian tribes by advancing from Macedonia as far as the Danube in 336 BCE. Under the Romans, the Danube formed the border of the Empire with the tribes to the north almost from its source to its mouth. At the same time, it was a route for the transport of troops and the supply of settlements downstream. From 37 CE to the reign of the Emperor Valentinian I (364–375)

7488-408: The place was often given away, sold or leased. In the 13th century, the area was first documented in a chronicle. The Viennese denoted the area as "Werd" (island). The first settlers in this area were fishermen, hunters and lumbermen. Later, also gardeners and farmers settled there. 1463/64: The Schlagbrücke (today's Sweden Bridge, Schwedenbrücke ) was built. This was the first permanent bridge over

7584-637: The river carries its name from its source confluence in the palace park in Donaueschingen onwards. Since ancient times, the Danube has been a traditional trade route in Europe. Today, 2,415 km (1,501 mi) of its total length are navigable. The Danube is linked to the North Sea via the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal , connecting the Danube at Kelheim with the Main at Bamberg . The river

7680-520: The river has been part of a trans-European waterway from Rotterdam on the North Sea to Sulina on the Black Sea, a distance of 3,500 km (2,200 mi). In 1994 the Danube was declared one of ten Pan-European transport corridors , routes in Central and Eastern Europe that required major investment over the following ten to fifteen years. The amount of goods transported on the Danube increased to about 100 million tons in 1987. In 1999, transport on

7776-698: The river was made difficult by the NATO bombing of three bridges in Serbia during the Kosovo War . Clearance of the resulting debris was completed in 2002, and a temporary pontoon bridge that hampered navigation was removed in 2005. At the Iron Gate , the Danube flows through a gorge that forms part of the boundary between Serbia and Romania; it contains the Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station dam, followed at about 60 km (37 mi) downstream (outside

7872-658: The river. The Danube Delta ( Romanian : Delta Dunării pronounced [ˈdelta ˈdunərij] ; Ukrainian : Дельта Дунаю , romanized :  Del'ta Dunayu ) is the largest river delta in the European Union . The greater part of the Danube Delta lies in Romania (Tulcea county), while its northern part, on the left bank of the Chilia arm, is situated in Ukraine (Odesa Oblast). The approximate surface

7968-643: The river. Today the river carries its name from its source confluence in Donaueschingen , Germany , to its discharge into the Black Sea via the Danube Delta in Romania and Ukraine . The river was known to the ancient Greeks as the Istros ( Ἴστρος ) from a root possibly also encountered in the ancient name of the Dniester ( Danaster in Latin, Tiras in Greek) and akin to Iranic turos 'swift' and Sanskrit iṣiras ( इषिरस् ) 'swift', from

8064-511: The river. Members include representatives from Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Slovakia, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, and Serbia; it meets regularly twice a year. It also convenes groups of experts to consider items provided for in the commission's working plans. The commission dates to the Paris Conferences of 1856 and 1921, which established for the first time an international regime to safeguard free navigation on

8160-416: The rubble deposits are gray and brown floodplain soils. The developed area of Brigittenau comprises 38.7% (Vienna citywide 33.32%) of the district area. The proportion of housing in the developed area amounts to 64.2%, plus 21.2% for operations, and 10.7% dedicated for facilities in the cultural, religious, sports or the public sector. Greenspace in Brigittenau takes in only 7.9%, for which Brigittenau lies in

8256-653: The same word means "river". The Finnish word for Danube is Tonava , which is most likely derived from the name of the river in German , Donau . Its Sámi name Deatnu means "Great River". It is possible that dānu in Scythian as in Avestan was a generic word for "river": Dnieper and Dniestr , from Danapris and Danastius , are presumed to continue Scythian * dānu apara "far river" and * dānu nazdya- "near river", respectively. In Latin,

8352-644: The sixth-to-third millennium BCE Vinča culture (Vinča, Serbia), are sited along the Danube. The third millennium BCE Vučedol culture (from the Vučedol site near Vukovar , Croatia ) is famous for its ceramics. Darius the Great , king of Persia , crossed the river in the late 6th century BCE to invade European Scythia and to subdue the Scythians . Alexander the Great defeated the Triballian king Syrmus and

8448-589: The still unregulated inner-city branch of the Danube. 1529: The first Turkish siege of Vienna - there was heavy fighting in the area of the Danube islands. 1536 to 1540: Building grounds were given away to citizens that lost their homes during the Turkish siege. 1618–1648: Thirty Years War : On 9 April 1645, the Swedish army under Lennart Torstenson won the Wolf's Lair ( Wolfsschanze ). Imperial troops conquered back

8544-471: The suffix -ouwe "wetland". Romanian differs from other surrounding languages in designating the river with a feminine term, Dunărea ( IPA: [ˈdunəre̯a] ). This form was not inherited from Latin, although Romanian is a Romance language. To explain the loss of the Latin name, scholars who suppose that Romanian developed near the large river propose that the Romanian name descends from

8640-732: The summit of the Bisamberg hill, at 358 metres (1,175 ft), is today in Lower Austria, Floridsdorf's highest elevation is the Falkenberg, at 320 metres (1,050 ft). The Danube marks Floridsdorf's southwestern border. Part of the New Danube and a section of the Danube Island fall within the district, while the wetlands immediately beyond form part of Döbling . Bridges spanning the Danube to Floridsdorf (listed by

8736-490: The total area of the Danube Delta reaches 5,165 km (1,994 sq mi). The Danube Delta is also the best-preserved river delta in Europe, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (since 1991) and a Ramsar Site . Its lakes and marshes support 45 freshwater fish species. Its wetlands support vast flocks of migratory birds of over 300 species, including the endangered pygmy cormorant ( Phalacrocorax pygmaeus ). These are threatened by rival canalization and drainage schemes such as

8832-497: The water area of the Danube counts toward Brigittenau. Southeast of the Brigittenauer Bridge, take the district boundaries of Brigittenau, Floridsdorf, the Danube, and Leopoldstadt together, with the southern boundary forming the northern border of Leopoldstadt. This border runs across the Danube, and then along the line Innstraße - Dresdner Straße - Nordbahnstraße - Taborstraße - Northwest Bahnstrasse - Rauscherstraße (wall of Augartens) - Wasnergasse (wall of Augartens) and Perinetgasse on

8928-504: The world. Ordered from the source to the mouth they are: The Danube is navigable by ocean ships from the Black Sea to Brăila in Romania (the maritime river sector), and further on by river ships to Kelheim , Bavaria , Germany; smaller craft can navigate further upstream to Ulm , Württemberg , Germany. About 60 of its tributaries are also navigable. Since the completion of the German Rhine–Main–Danube Canal in 1992,

9024-464: The year 1500, the first bridge was built. At the site of today's Floridsdorfer Haupstrasse, near the water park, the first wooden bridge (Tabor Bridge) was built. Another bridge, the Kuhbrückl, crossed a small arm of the Danube. At the fork of the main road to Bohemia and Moravia , the new settlement of Floridsdorf came into being. Floridsdorf was first called "Am Spitz" and was later assigned to

9120-399: Was 47.3% men and 52.7% women, the number of married people making up 43.0% compared to 41.2% in Vienna as a whole. The proportion of foreign residents in Floridsdorf as of 2006 was 11% (Vienna citywide: 19.1%), ranking fourth among the Vienna municipalities. In line with the country as a whole, growth of the foreign population in 2001 was 7.8%. The highest proportion of foreign residents in

9216-583: Was much larger than today's Danube, can still be seen in (now waterless) canyons in today's landscape of the Swabian Alb . After the Upper Rhine valley had been eroded, most waters from the Alps changed their direction and began feeding the Rhine. Today's upper Danube is thus an underfit stream . Since the Swabian Alb is largely shaped of porous limestone , and since the Rhine's level is much lower than

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