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21-592: Bukowsko is the administrative and cultural centre of the Gmina Bukowsko . It is crossed by the rail road connecting it with Slovakia. It is especially the private sector and service industries that are developing rapidly at this time. It is home to the Uniwersytet Ludowy, opened in 2005, which contains many artworks and effects of the folk handworks inspiration. Bukowsko is situated in the poorest region of Poland. Settled in prehistoric times ,

42-685: A population of about 1500 people. The village of Bukowsko lies in a valley of the Sanoczek river in southeastern Poland. The hills of the Bieszczady mountain range are typical for this countryside. Time zone: UTC+1 /Summer UTC+2 Village parts: Dział; Sanoczek; Łaźniakowa Góra; Podwapienne; Pasieki. Bukowsko is twinned with: Gmina Bukowsko Gmina Bukowsko is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sanok County , Subcarpathian Voivodeship , in south-eastern Poland . Its seat

63-419: A few matzevahs remained on the cemetery. Bukowsko also had a labour camp which existed from August to October 1942. The Jews, 60 on average, carried out road construction. An April 1946 New York Times article reported that on 4 April 1946, 389 of the 400 buildings in the village were burned down and 3,000 people were made homeless by a force of Ukrainian nationalists and German deserters operating in

84-557: Is a mountain range that runs from the extreme south-east of Poland and north-east of Slovakia through to western Ukraine . It forms the western part of the Eastern Beskids (Polish: Beskidy Wschodnie ; Ukrainian: Східні Бескиди , romanized:  Skhidni Beskyky ), and is more generally part of the Outer Eastern Carpathians . The mountain range is situated between the Łupków Pass (640 m) and

105-662: Is the village of Bukowsko , which lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Sanok and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów . The gmina covers an area of 138.2 square kilometres (53.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,210. Gerichts-Bezirk of Austria-Hungary until 1918: Gmina Bukowsko is bordered by the gminas of Komańcza , Rymanów , Sanok , Zagórz and Zarszyn . Bieszczady Mountains Bieszczady Mountains [bʲɛˈʂt͡ʂadɨ] ( Polish : Bieszczady ; Slovak : Beščady ; Ukrainian : Бещади , romanized :  Beshchady ; Hungarian : Besszádok )

126-677: The UNESCO East Carpathian Biosphere Reserve was created that encapsulates a large part of the area and continues into Slovakia and Ukraine. It comprises the Bieszczady National Park (Poland), Poloniny National Park (Slovakia) and the Uzhansky National Nature Park (Ukraine). Animals living in this reserve include, among others, black storks , brown bears , wolves and bison . The mountains were used as

147-594: The Vyshkovskyi Pass (933 m). The highest peak of Bieszczady is Mt Pikui (1405 m) in Ukraine. The highest peak of the Polish part is Tarnica (1346 m). Upper parties of Bieszczady are covered with montane meadows called polonyna (Ukrainian: полонина ; Polish: połonina ; Slovak: polonina ). The term Bieszczady has been introduced into English from Polish. In Poland, the term usually refers (in

168-539: The Nazis had captured the town, Jewish homes and shops were robbed by the civilians from neighbouring towns. In the spring of 1942, 804 Jews of Bukowsko and over 300 of the surrounding villages were put into a ghetto . Out of that number over 100 were shot on the local (Jewish) cemetery. The rest were transported to the camp in Zwangsarbeitslager Zaslaw . None of the prayer houses survived the war. Only

189-843: The Polish General Karol Świerczewski in Jabłonki by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in 1947 was the direct cause of the replacement of the Boykos, the so-called Operation Vistula . The area was mostly uninhabited afterward. New Poles settled in the Bieszczady, joining the Poles living in the Bieszczady area before 1947, but the area became much less populated than before 1947. In 2002, then president Aleksander Kwaśniewski expressed regret for this operation. In 1991,

210-412: The area over on the way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 Casimir III of Poland recovered it. In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1361. During 966–1018, 1340–1772 ( Ruthenian Voivodeship ) and during 1918–39 Bukowsko was part of Poland. While during 1772–1918 it belonged to Austrian empire , later Austrian-Hungarian empire when double monarchy

231-408: The area who had a few days earlier demanded, but not received, a payment of 1 million złoty . The village was also burned in whole or in part January, March and November 1946. Only over a dozen years after the war the village started to rebuild. The municipality lies at an altitude of 482 metres (1,581 feet) above sea level and covers an area of 8.3 square kilometres (3.2 square miles). It has

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252-644: The invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the Lendians of the area declared their allegiance to Hungarian Empire . The region then became a site of contention between Poland , Kievan Rus and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by Nestor ), when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took

273-464: The invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the Lendians of the area declared their allegiance to the Hungarians. The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took the area over on

294-574: The mountain ranges and names for the Eastern Beskids (and Ukrainian Carpathians in general), several divisions are given in the following: Division 1: Division 2: Division 3: In an old Ukrainian division, what is defined here as the Bieszczady in a wider sense corresponds to the western part of the Mid-Carpathian Depression and to the westernmost part of the Polonynian Beskids. Settled in prehistoric times,

315-529: The narrower sense) to the Polish part of the Bieszczady region, while in the wider sense it can also refer to the entire region. In Slovakia, the Bieszczady region is known as Beščady , while the Slovak part of the region is called Bukovec Mountains (Slovak: Bukovské vrchy ). In Ukraine, the Bieszczady region is known as Beshchady (Ukrainian: Бещади ), while various parts of the region often have two or more name variants (unstable terminology), usually containing

336-652: The south-eastern Poland region that is now Bieszczady was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the Celts , Goths and Vandals ( Przeworsk culture and Puchov culture ). After the fall of the Roman Empire, of which most of south-eastern Poland was part (all parts below the San ), Hungarians and West Slavs invaded the area. The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state. Upon

357-412: The southern-eastern Poland region that is now Podkarpacie was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the Celts , Goths and Vandals ( Przeworsk culture ). After the fall of the Roman Empire , of which most of south-eastern Poland was part (all parts below the San ), the area was invaded by Hungarians and Slavs. The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state. Upon

378-568: The terms Bies and Czad (possibly from Chort ) along with the Polish plural y stem giving Bies + czady + y . Some folk stories connect the origin of the mountains to the demonic activity of the Biesy and Czady , while other folk stories tell of the mountains being populated with hordes of Biesy and Czady , hence the name. Another less probable possibility is the term being related to Middle Low German beshêt , beskēt , meaning watershed . Since there exist many variants of divisions of

399-622: The way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 Casimir III of Poland recovered it. Bieszczady was one of the strategically important areas of the Carpathian mountains bitterly contested in battles on the Eastern Front of World War I during the winter of 1914/1915. Up until 1947, about 75% of the population of the Polish part of the Bieszczadzkie Mountains was Boyko . The killing of

420-439: The word Beščady in combination with some other terms. Historically, the terms Bieszczady / Beščady / Beshchady have been used for hundreds of years to describe the mountains separating the old Kingdom of Hungary from Poland . A Latin language source of 1269 refers to them as " Beschad Alpes Poloniae " (translated as: Bieszczady Mountains of Poland ). The Polish folk etymology holds the term Bieszczady to have stemmed from

441-637: Was introduced in Austria. This part of Poland was controlled by Austria for almost 120 years. At that time the area (including west and east of Subcarpathian Voivodship ) was known as Galicia . It was given the Magdeburg law in 1768. In 1785 the village lands comprised 6.5 km (2.5 sq mi). There were 700 Catholics. In 1864 Rabbi Shlomo Halberstam was appointed as rabbi of the Jewish community of Bukowsko. He held this position until 1879. After

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