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97-627: Magdeburg ( German: [ˈmakdəbʊʁk] ; Low German: [ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐ̯x] ) is the capital of the German state Saxony-Anhalt . The city is situated at the Elbe river. Otto I , the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg, was buried in the city's cathedral after his death. Magdeburg's version of German town law , known as Magdeburg rights , spread throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In
194-677: A classical European understanding of the known world : Europe , North Africa , and Southwest Asia . The phrase is related to the enduring power of the city first as the capital of the Republic and the Empire , and later as the centre of the Catholic Church . In several English-speaking states , the terms county town and county seat are also used in lower administrative divisions . In some unitary states , subnational capitals may be known as 'administrative centres'. The capital
291-497: A monarch held his or her court, the selection, relocation, founding, or capture of a modern capital city is a highly symbolic event. For example: The capital city is usually but not always a primary target in a war, as capturing it usually guarantees capture of much of the enemy government, victory for the attacking forces, or at the very least demoralization for the defeated forces. In ancient China , where governments were massive centralized bureaucracies with little flexibility on
388-511: A blessing until there is no more need". The deuterocanonical Book of Tobit provides an example of all three classes of tithes practiced during the Babylonian captivity : "I would often go by myself to Jerusalem on religious holidays, as the Law commanded for every Israelite for all time. I would hurry off to Jerusalem and take with me the early produce of my crops, a tenth of my flocks, and
485-557: A church-sponsored institution, also receives "a significant portion" of its maintenance and operating costs from tithes of the church's members. The right to receive tithes was granted to the English churches by King Ethelwulf in 855. The Saladin tithe was a royal tax, but assessed using ecclesiastical boundaries, in 1188. The legal validity of the tithe system was affirmed under the Statute of Westminster of 1285 . The Dissolution of
582-445: A compromise between two or more cities or other political divisions, historical reasons, or enough land was needed to deliberately build a new planned city for the capital. The majority of national capitals are also the largest city in their respective countries. Modern examples are Beijing , Berlin , Cairo , London , Madrid , Mexico City , Moscow , Paris , Rome , Jakarta , Metro Manila , Seoul , and Tokyo . Counties in
679-405: A distinction is made between the official ( constitutional ) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place . English-language news media often use the name of the capital city as an alternative name for the government of the country of which it is the capital, as a form of metonymy . For example, the "relations between London and Washington " refers to the " relations between
776-552: A height of 104 m (341.21 ft), making it the tallest church building of eastern Germany. It is notable for its beautiful and unique sculptures, especially the "Twelve Virgins" at the Northern Gate, the depictions of Otto I the Great and his wife Editha as well as the statues of St Maurice and St Catherine . The predecessor of the cathedral was a church built in 937 within an abbey, called St. Maurice. Emperor Otto I
873-470: A matter of convention, and because all or almost all the country's central political institutions, such as government departments, supreme court, legislature, embassies, etc., are located in or near them. Many modern capital cities are located near the centre of the country, so that they are more accessible to its population and have better protection from possible invasions. (See also § Capitals in military strategy ) The location may also be based on
970-538: A prominent role in the German colonisation of the Slavic lands east of the Elbe river. In 1035 Magdeburg received a patent giving the city the right to hold trade exhibitions and conventions. This formed the basis of German town law to become known as the Magdeburg rights . These laws were adopted and modified throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Visitors from many countries began to trade with Magdeburg. The town
1067-590: A proper sense of stewardship begins with the 'tithe'; a presentation of which belongs to Him. 'The tithe is the Lord's.' We have not given as a result of presenting the tithe. Our giving begins with the offering {after we have tithed}." The Treatise of the National Association of Free Will Baptists , Chapter XVI, specifically states that both the Old and New Testaments "teach tithing as God's financial plan for
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#17327654662591164-630: A state of emergency and said they expected the Elbe river to rise higher than in 2002. In Magdeburg, with water levels of five metres (16 ft) above normal, about 23,000 residents had to leave their homes on 9 June. Intel will build its largest plant in Europe in the south of the city by 2027. Magdeburg is one of the major towns along the Elbe Cycle Route (Elberadweg). Its area is 201.03 km (77.62 sq mi). The city of Magdeburg
1261-407: A territorial patrimony these tithes were their means of support. The Levites, in turn, separated terumat ma'aser from their tithe ( 1 ⁄ 10 of the tithe, or 1 ⁄ 100 of the crop). The second tithe and poor tithe, both 1 ⁄ 10 of the crop, were taken in an alternating basis according to the seven-year shmita cycle. In years 1, 2, 4, and 5 of the cycle, second tithe
1358-554: A territory: Plymouth in Montserrat . There are several countries where, for various reasons, the official capital and seat of government are separated: Some historical examples of similar arrangements, where the recognized capital was not the official seat of government: With the rise of the modern nation-state , the capital city has become a symbol for the state and its government , and imbued with political meaning. Unlike medieval capitals, which were declared wherever
1455-606: Is twinned with: Capital city A capital city or just capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country , state , province , department , or other subnational division , usually as its seat of the government . A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the government's offices and meeting places; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution . In some jurisdictions , including several countries, different branches of government are in different settlements, sometimes meaning multiple official capitals. In some cases,
1552-431: Is a lay ministry . The money that is given is used to construct and maintain its buildings as well as to further the work of the church. None of the funds collected from tithing is paid to local church officials or those who serve in the church. Those serving in full-time church leadership do receive stipends for living expenses, but they are paid from non-tithing resources, such as investments. Brigham Young University ,
1649-466: Is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Modern tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash , cheques or via online giving, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in kind , such as agricultural produce. After the separation of church and state , church tax linked to the tax system are instead used in many countries to support their national church. Donations to
1746-637: Is a part of sharing God's gifts so that no one in the family of faith will be without the necessities of life. Whether through community of goods or other forms of financial sharing, mutual aid continues the practice of Israel in giving special care to widows, orphans, aliens, and others in economic need (Deut. 24:17–22). Tithes and first-fruit offerings were also a part of this economic sharing (Deut. 26; compare Matt. 23:23). The Southern Baptist Convention resolved in 2013 to "exhort all Southern Baptists to tithe cheerfully and give sacrificially as good stewards of God’s blessings to their local churches." Article XIII
1843-646: Is also the location of two universities , the Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg and the Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences . Founded by Charlemagne in 805 as Magadoburg (probably from Old High German magado for big , mighty and burg for fortress ), the town was fortified in 919 by King Henry the Fowler against the Magyars and Slavs . In 929 King Otto I granted
1940-430: Is defined by the church as payment of one-tenth of one's annual income. Many church leaders have made statements in support of tithing. Every Latter-day Saint has an opportunity once a year to meet with their bishop for tithing declaration . The payment of tithes is mandatory for members to receive the priesthood or obtain a temple recommend for admission to temples . The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2037-409: Is divided into 40 Stadtteile (districts). Three of these, the former municipalities Beyendorf-Sohlen, Pechau and Randau-Calenberge, have a special status as Ortschaften . The Stadtteile of Magdeburg are: Magdeburg has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ) according to Köppen climate classification . The weather is damp and chilly in winters, with 71.7 days per year in which
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#17327654662592134-504: Is more common in spring and summer than other times of the year, while hail exclusively occurs in spring and summer months. The Magdeburg weather station has recorded the following extreme values: As of 2021, Magdeburg has a population of about 237,000. Its population grew rapidly after the end of 19th century due to industrialization. In 1885, the population was 100,000, and doubled after only five years. Magdeburg reached its greatest population in 1940, at approximately 346,000. At that time
2231-500: Is often the largest city of its constituent, though not always . Historically, the major economic centre of a state or region has often become the focal point of political power, and became a capital through conquest or federation . Historical examples are ancient Babylon , ancient Athens , ancient Rome , Abbasid Baghdad , Constantinople , Chang'an , and ancient Cusco . The modern capital city has not always existed: in medieval Western Europe, an itinerant (wandering) government
2328-582: Is the case with Nanjing by Shanghai , Quebec City by Montreal , and several US state capitals . The decline of a dynasty or culture could also mean the extinction of its capital city, as occurred at Babylon and Cahokia . "Political nomadism" was practiced in ancient Near East to increase ties between the ruler and the subjects. Although many capitals are defined by constitution or legislation, many long-time capitals have no such legal designation, including Bern , Edinburgh , Lisbon , London , Paris , and Wellington . They are recognized as capitals as
2425-541: Is usually not a separate national capital, but rather the capital city of one constituent nation will also be the capital of the state overall, such as London , which is the capital of England and of the United Kingdom. Similarly, each of the autonomous communities of Spain and regions of Italy has a capital city, such as Seville and Naples , while Madrid is the capital of the Community of Madrid and of
2522-601: The Volkssturm and Hitler Youth , and surviving prisoners were sent on death marches towards the Ravensbrück and Sachsenhausen concentration camps. Magdeburg was heavily bombed by British and American air forces during the Second World War. The RAF bombing raid on the night of 16 January 1945 destroyed much of the city centre. The death toll is estimated at 2,000–2,500. Near the end of World War II ,
2619-540: The Baptist Faith and Message recognizes a Christian obligation to contribute without specifically mention a tithe. Other Southern Baptists do not observe a tithe, only an offering. Representing Southern Seminary , Professor Tom Schreiner states, "Is a tithe required? ... I would say no, because a tithe is part of the Mosaic covenant." The National Baptist Convention of America teaches that "Baptists believe that
2716-523: The Byzantine capital, Constantinople , Byzantine forces were able to regroup in several provinces; provincial noblemen managed to reconquer the capital after 60 years and preserve the empire for another 200 years after that. The British forces sacked various American capitals repeatedly during the Revolutionary War and War of 1812 , but American forces could still carry on fighting from
2813-495: The German Democratic Republic from 1949 to 1990. Since then, many new construction projects have been implemented and old buildings have been restored. Magdeburg celebrated its 1,200th anniversary in 2005. Magdeburg is situated on Autobahn 2 and Autobahn 14 , and hence is at the connection point of Eastern Europe ( Berlin and beyond) with Western Europe , as well as the north and south of Germany. For
2910-407: The German Democratic Republic . In 1990 Magdeburg became the capital of the new state of Saxony-Anhalt within reunified Germany. Huge parts of the city and its centre were also rebuilt in a modern style. Its economy is one of the fastest-growing in the former East German states. In 2005 Magdeburg celebrated its 1200th anniversary. The city was hit by 2013 European floods . Authorities declared
3007-695: The Kingdom of Spain as a whole and Rome is the capital of Italy and of the region of Lazio . In the Federal Republic of Germany , each of its constituent states (or Länder , plural of Land ) has its own capital city, such as Dresden , Wiesbaden , Mainz , Düsseldorf , Stuttgart , and Munich , as do all of the republics of the Russian Federation . The national capitals of Germany and Russia (the Stadtstaat of Berlin and
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3104-557: The Late Middle Ages , Magdeburg was one of the largest and most prosperous German cities and a notable member of the Hanseatic League . One of the most notable people from the city was Otto von Guericke , famous for his experiments with the Magdeburg hemispheres . Magdeburg has experienced three major devastations in its history. In 1207 the first catastrophe struck the city, with a fire burning down large parts of
3201-814: The Stadtfest , Christopher Street Day , Elbe in Flames , and the Europafest Magdeburg . The autumn fair (formerly men's fair) of Magdeburg goes back to Germany's oldest folk festival. The tradition dates back to September 1010, when the holy feast of the Theban Legion was celebrated in Magdeburg (then called Magathaburg). One of Magdeburg's most impressive buildings is the Lutheran Cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice with
3298-528: The Thirty Years' War , by Albrecht von Wallenstein , a Protestant convert to Catholicism. However, in 1631, imperial troops under Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly , stormed the city and massacred the inhabitants , killing about 20,000 and burning the city. After the war, a population of only 4,000 remained. Under the Peace of Westphalia (1648), Magdeburg was to be assigned to Brandenburg-Prussia after
3395-537: The United Kingdom have historic county towns, which are often not the largest settlement within the county and often are no longer administrative centres, as many historical counties are now only ceremonial, and administrative boundaries are different. The number of new capitals in the world increased substantially since the Renaissance period, especially with the founding of independent nation-states since
3492-523: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Naypyidaw was founded in Burma 's interior as the former capital, Rangoon , was claimed to be overcrowded. A few nation-states have multiple capitals, and there are also several states that have no capital. Some have a city as the capital but with most government agencies elsewhere. There is also a ghost town which is currently the de jure capital of
3589-492: The federal city of Moscow ) are also constituent states of both countries in their own right. Each of the states of Austria and cantons of Switzerland also have their own capital cities. Vienna , the national capital of Austria , is also one of the states, while Bern is the ( de facto ) capital of both Switzerland and of the Canton of Bern . Governing entities sometimes plan, design and build new capital cities to house
3686-453: The offertory , people often place a portion of their tithes (sometimes along with additional offerings) in the collection plate. 2 Corinthians 9:7 talks about giving cheerfully, 2 Corinthians 8:12 encourages giving what one can afford, 1 Corinthians 16:1–2 discusses giving weekly (although this is a saved amount for Jerusalem ), 1 Timothy 5:17–18 exhorts supporting the financial needs of Christian workers, Acts 11:29 promotes feeding
3783-831: The Church toward the goal of tithing." It "deem[s] it a sacred responsibility and genuine opportunity to be faithful stewards of all God has entrusted to us: our time, our talents, [and] our financial resources". Tithing in medieval Eastern Christianity did not spread so widely as in the West. A Constitution of the Emperors Leo I (reigned 457–474) and Anthemius (reigned 467–472) apparently expected believers to make voluntary payments and forbade compulsion. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America teaches "proportionate giving and tithing as normal practices of Christian giving." The Pentecostal Church of God teaches that "We recognize
3880-562: The Great was buried here beside his wife in 973. St. Maurice burnt to ashes in 1207. The exact location of that church remained unknown for a long time. The foundations were rediscovered in May 2003, revealing a building 80 m (262.47 ft) long and 41 m (134.51 ft) wide. The construction of the new church lasted 300 years. The cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice was the first Gothic church building in Germany. The building of
3977-629: The Napoleonic Wars, Magdeburg was made the capital of the new Prussian Province of Saxony . In 1912, the old fortress was dismantled, and in 1908, the municipality Rothensee became part of Magdeburg. During World War I , Polish leader Józef Piłsudski and his close associate Kazimierz Sosnkowski were imprisoned in the city by Germany in 1917–1918. During the Weimar Republic the Magdeburger Tageszeitung
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4074-581: The Storehouse Tithing, holds: That all our people pay to God at least one-tenth of all their increase as a minimum financial obligation, and freewill offerings in addition as God has prospered them. The tenth is figured upon the tither's gross income in salary or net increase when operating a business. The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church states that it is the responsibility of ecclesiastics to "educate
4171-538: The United Kingdom and the United States ". The word capital derives from the Latin word caput (genitive capitis ), meaning ' head ', later borrowed from Medieval Latin capitālis ('of the head'). The Latin phrase Roma Caput Mundi meaning 'Rome capital of the world' ( lit. ' head of the world ' ) was already used by the poet Ovid in 1st century BC . It originates out of
4268-412: The abbey the right to income from various tithes and to corvée labour from the surrounding countryside. The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was founded in 968 at the synod of Ravenna ; Adalbert of Magdeburg was consecrated as its first archbishop. The archbishopric under Adalbert included the bishoprics of Havelberg , Brandenburg , Merseburg , Meissen and Naumburg-Zeitz . The archbishops played
4365-434: The additional scriptures: And this shall be the beginning of the tithing of my people. And after that, those who have thus been tithed shall pay one-tenth of all their interest annually; and this shall be a standing law unto them forever, for my holy priesthood, saith the Lord. And it was this same Melchizedek to whom Abraham paid tithes; yea, even our father Abraham paid tithes of one-tenth part of all he possessed. Tithing
4462-592: The archbishop, becoming nearly independent from him by the end of the 15th century. Around Easter 1497, the then twelve-year-old Martin Luther attended school in Magdeburg, where he was exposed to the teachings of the Brethren of the Common Life . In 1524, he was called to Magdeburg, where he preached and caused the city's defection from Roman Catholicism . The Protestant Reformation had quickly found adherents in
4559-720: The capital has been changed for geopolitical reasons; Finland 's first city, Turku , which had served as the country's capital since the Middle Ages under the Swedish rule, lost its position during the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1812, when Helsinki was made the current capital of Finland by the Russian Empire. The convergence of political and economic or cultural power is by no means universal. Traditional capitals may be economically eclipsed by provincial rivals as
4656-432: The church beyond what is owed in the tithe, or by those attending a congregation who are not members or adherents, are known as offerings , and often are designated for specific purposes such as a building program, debt retirement, or mission work. Many Christian denominations hold Jesus taught that tithing must be done in conjunction with a deep concern for "justice, mercy and faithfulness" (cf. Matthew 23:23). Tithing
4753-604: The city of about 340,000 became capital of the Province of Magdeburg . Brabag 's Magdeburg/Rothensee plant that produced synthetic oil from lignite coal was a target of the Oil Campaign of World War II . The Gründerzeit suburbs north of the city, called the Nordfront, were destroyed as well as some of the city's main streets with its Baroque buildings. It was occupied by 9th US Army troops on 18 April 1945 and
4850-461: The city to his English-born wife Edith as dower . Queen Edith loved the town and often resided there; at her death she was buried in the crypt of the Benedictine abbey of Saint Maurice , later rebuilt as the cathedral. In 937, Magdeburg was the seat of a royal assembly. Otto I repeatedly visited Magdeburg, establishing a convent here about 937 and was later buried in the cathedral. He granted
4947-609: The city was poised to become a giant metropolis, but the events of WWII changed its future. After the war, in the East Germany era, Magdeburg recovered its industrial base to a degree, particularly the Machine industry , and became one of the important cities of East Germany. In 1991, when Magdeburg became the capital of the state of Saxony-Anhalt , its population was about 275,000. After the German Reunification ,
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#17327654662595044-507: The city, including the Ottonian cathedral . The Catholic League sacked Magdeburg in 1631, resulting in the death of 25,000 non-combatants, the largest loss of the Thirty Years' War . During World War II the Allies bombed the city in 1945 and destroyed much of the city centre. Today, around 46% of the city consists of buildings from before 1950. After World War II, the city belonged to
5141-664: The city, where Luther had been a schoolboy. Emperor Charles V repeatedly outlawed the unruly town, which had joined the League of Torgau and the Schmalkaldic League . As it had not accepted the Augsburg Interim decree (1548), the city, by the emperor's commands, was besieged (1550–1551) by Maurice, Elector of Saxony , but it retained its independence. The rule of the archbishop was replaced by that of various administrators belonging to Protestant dynasties. In
5238-498: The countryside, where they enjoyed support from local governments and the traditionally independent civilian frontiersmen. Exceptions to these generalizations include highly centralized states such as France , whose centralized bureaucracies could effectively coordinate far-flung resources, giving the state a powerful advantage over less coherent rivals, but risking utter ruin if the capital were taken. Tithe A tithe ( / t aɪ ð / ; from Old English : teogoþa "tenth")
5335-457: The death of the administrator August of Saxe-Weissenfels , as the semi-autonomous Duchy of Magdeburg . This occurred in 1680. The city made an astonishingly quick recovery, due especially to the energy and dedication of its mayor Otto von Guericke , who was also a noted scientist. Just six years after the end of the terribly destructive war, Magdeburg was the scene of the famous scientific experiment known as The Magdeburg hemispheres by which
5432-403: The duty of providing for the material needs of the Church, each according to his own abilities" The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod teaches that "Encourage[s] cheerful, first-fruit, proportionate (including but not limited to tithing) living and giving in all areas of life by Christian stewards". The Discipline of The Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection , which teaches the doctrine of
5529-484: The eighteenth century. In Canada , there is a federal capital , while the ten provinces and three territories each have capital cities. The states of such countries as Mexico , Brazil (including the famous cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo , capitals of their respective states), and Australia also each have capital cities. For example, the six state capitals of Australia are Adelaide , Brisbane , Hobart , Melbourne , Perth , and Sydney . In Australia,
5626-565: The existence of vacuum - hitherto hotly debated - was empirically proven, with enormous implications for the later developments of physics. In the course of the Napoleonic Wars , the fortress surrendered to French troops in 1806. The city was annexed to the French-controlled Kingdom of Westphalia in the 1807 Treaty of Tilsit . King Jérôme appointed Count Heinrich von Blumenthal as mayor. In 1815, after
5723-575: The extant extrabiblical laws of the Ancient Near East deal with tithing, although other secondary documents show that it was a widespread practice in the Ancient Near East. William W. Hallo (1996 ) recognises comparisons for Israel with its ancient Near Eastern environment; however, as regards tithes, comparisons with other ancient Near Eastern evidence is ambiguous, and Ancient Near Eastern literature provides scant evidence for
5820-550: The first football clubs in Germany. There is also the very successful handball team, SC Magdeburg . They won multiple times the Handball-Bundesliga (HBL) , DHB-Pokal , DHB-Supercup , EHF European League , EHF Champions League , EHF Men's Champions Trophy and the IHF Men's Super Globe . The discus was re-discovered in Magdeburg in the 1870s by Christian Georg Kohlrausch , a gymnastics teacher. Magdeburg
5917-602: The first portion of the wool cut from my sheep. I would present these things at the altar to the priests, the descendants of Aaron. I would give the first tenth of my grain, wine, olive oil, pomegranates, figs, and other fruit to the Levites who served in Jerusalem. For six out of seven years, I also brought the cash equivalent of the second tenth of these crops to Jerusalem where I would spend it every year. I gave this to orphans and widows, and to Gentiles who had joined Israel. In
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#17327654662596014-629: The following years, Magdeburg gained a reputation as a stronghold of Protestantism and became the first major city to publish the writings of Martin Luther . In Magdeburg, Matthias Flacius and his companions wrote their anti-Catholic pamphlets and the Magdeburg Centuries , in which they argued that the Roman Catholic Church had become the kingdom of the Antichrist . In 1629 the city withstood its first siege during
6111-465: The giving of various agricultural tithes in various situations, specifically terumah , terumat hamaaser , the first tithe , second tithe , poor tithe , and animal tithe . Not all these "tithes" actually had the proportion of 1 ⁄ 10 . These tithes are mentioned in the Books of Leviticus , Numbers and Deuteronomy . Every year, terumah , first tithe and terumat ma'aser were separated from
6208-472: The grain, wine and oil. (As regards other fruit and produce, the Biblical requirement to tithe is a source of debate.) Terumah did not have a set amount, but the rabbis suggested it be 1 ⁄ 50 of the crop. First tithe was 1 ⁄ 10 of the crop. Terumah and terumat maaser were given to priests ( kohanim ); the first tithe was given to Levites . As priests and Levites did not own or inherit
6305-494: The great crisis of Japanese invasion . National capitals were arguably less important as military objectives in other parts of the world, including the West, because of socioeconomic trends toward localized authority, a strategic modus operandi especially popular after the development of feudalism and reaffirmed by the development of democratic and capitalistic philosophies. In 1204, after the Latin Crusaders captured
6402-623: The hungry wherever they may be and James 1:27 states that pure religion is to help widows and orphans. According to a 2018 study by LifeWay Research that interviewed 1,010 Americans, 86% of people with Evangelical beliefs say that tithe is still a biblical commandment. Of those surveyed, 87% of Baptist believers, 86% of Pentecostal believers, 81% of Non-denominational believers share this position. The Seventh-day Adventist Church teaches in its Fundamental Beliefs that "We acknowledge God's ownership by faithful service to Him and our fellow men, and by returning tithes and giving offerings for
6499-411: The latter half of the 5th century BC. Nehemiah 10 outlines the customs regarding tithing. The Levites were to receive one tenth (the tithe) "in all our farming communities" and a tithe of the tithe were to be brought by them to the temple for storage. Nehemiah 13:4–19 recounts how Eliashib gave Tobiah office space in the temple in a room that had previously been used to store tithes while Nehemaiah
6596-543: The local church that tithing is the minimum goal of giving in The United Methodist Church." The Church of the Nazarene teaches Storehouse Tithing, in which members are asked to donate one-tenth of their income to their local church—this is to be prioritized before giving an offering to apostolates or charities. The Moravian Church encourages its members to "financially support the ministry of
6693-444: The local church, before offerings can be made to apostolates or charities. Traditional Jewish law and practice has included various forms of tithing since ancient times. Orthodox Jews commonly practice ma'aser kesafim (tithing 10% of their income to charity ). In modern Israel, some religious Jews continue to follow the laws of agricultural tithing, e.g., ma'aser rishon , terumat ma'aser , and ma'aser sheni . None of
6790-443: The minimum temperature is below the freezing point, and 15.6 days with maximum temperature below the 0 °C (32 °F) mark. Magdeburg is warm and relatively wet in summer and can sometimes become hot. Annually, 48.9 days have maximum temperature above 25 °C (77 °F), of which 12 days have daily maximum above 30 °C (86 °F). On average, there are 20.9 days with thunder and 0.8 days with hail , annually. Thunder
6887-407: The modern city, the most significant industries are: machine industry , healthcare industry , mechanical engineering , environmental technology , circular economy , logistics , culture industry , wood industry and information and communications technology . There are numerous cultural institutions in the city, including the Theater Magdeburg and the Museum of Cultural History . The city
6984-430: The population of Magdeburg declined due to some loss of industries, when many residents moved to former West Germany . Since 2011, the population has stabilized at around 240,000. The current mayor of Magdeburg is independent politician Simone Borris since 2022. The most recent mayoral election was held on 24 April 2022, with a runoff held on 8 May, and the results were as follows: The most recent city council election
7081-754: The practice of tithing and the collection of tithes. Some specific instances of the Mesopotamian tithe, taken from The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago : According to Diodorus Siculus , the Carthaginians , who were originally Tyrian colonists, customarily sent Melqart ( Heracles in Interpretatio graeca ) a tenth of all that was paid into the public revenue. The Torah commands
7178-450: The proclamation of His gospel and the support of His Church." The Mennonite Church teaches that "tithing as a minimum baseline is one of the principles on which financial giving in this ' first fruits ' system is based": We depend on God's gracious gifts for food and clothing, for our salvation, and for life itself. We do not need to hold on tightly to money and possessions, but can share what God has given us. The practice of mutual aid
7275-466: The provincial level, a dynasty could easily be toppled with the fall of its capital. In the Three Kingdoms period, both Shu and Wu fell when their respective capitals of Chengdu and Jianye fell. The Ming dynasty relocated its capital from Nanjing to Beijing , where they could more effectively control the generals and troops guarding the borders from Mongols and Manchus . The Ming
7372-508: The ruin were used for the building of the cathedral. The presumed remains of the palace were excavated in the 1960s. Magdeburg has a proud history of sports teams. 1. FC Magdeburg currently plays in the 2. Bundesliga , the second division of German football. They are the only East German football club to have won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup . The now-defunct clubs SV Victoria 96 Magdeburg and Cricket Viktoria Magdeburg were among
7469-602: The scriptural duty of all our people, as well as ministers, to pay tithes as unto the Lord. Tithes should be used for the support of active ministry and for the propagation of the Gospel and the work of the Lord in general." The International Pentecostal Holiness Church likewise instructs the faithful that: Our commitment to Jesus Christ includes stewardship. According to the Bible everything belongs to God. We are stewards of His resources. Our stewardship of possessions begins with
7566-424: The seat of government of a polity or of a subdivision. Deliberately planned and designed capitals include: These cities satisfy one or both of the following criteria: Some examples of the second situation (compromise locations) are: Changes in a nation's political regime sometimes result in the designation of a new capital. Akmola (renamed Astana in 1998) became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997, following
7663-610: The steeples was completed as late as 1520. While the cathedral was virtually the only building to survive the massacres of the Thirty Years' War, it suffered damage in World War II. It was soon rebuilt and completed in 1955. The square in front of the cathedral (also called the Neuer Markt , or "new marketplace") was occupied by an imperial palace ( Kaiserpfalz ), which was destroyed in the fire of 1207. The stones from
7760-653: The strangers, orphans, and widows, and distributed locally "within thy gates" to support the Levites and assist the poor. An additional tithe, mentioned in Leviticus 27:32–33 is the cattle tithe , which is to be sacrificed as a korban at the Temple in Jerusalem . Tithing is mentioned twice in the stories of the Biblical patriarchs : Tithing is mentioned several times in the Book of Nehemiah , which chronicles events in
7857-603: The support of His work." The Council of Trent , which was held after the Reformation , taught that "tithes are due to God or to religion, and that it is sacrilegious to withhold them", but the Catholic Church no longer requires anyone to give ten percent of income. The Church simply asks Catholics to support the mission of their parish. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church "The faithful also have
7954-677: The term "capital cities" is regularly used to refer to those six state capitals plus the federal capital Canberra , and Darwin , the capital of the Northern Territory . Abu Dhabi is the capital city of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and also of the United Arab Emirates overall. In unitary states which consist of multiple constituent nations, such as the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Denmark , each will usually have its own capital city. Unlike in federations , there
8051-508: The third year, when I brought and gave it to them, we would eat together according to the instruction recorded in Moses' Law, as Deborah my grandmother had taught me..." Orthodox Jews continue to follow the biblical laws of tithes (see above ) to a limited extent. As understood by the rabbis, these laws never applied and do not apply outside the Land of Israel . For produce grown in modern Israel,
8148-627: The tithe. All our members are expected to return a tenth of all their income to the Lord. The Book of Order of the Presbyterian Church (USA) states, with respect to the obligation to tithe: "Giving has always been a mark of Christian commitment and discipleship. The ways in which a believer uses God's gifts of material goods, personal abilities, and time should reflect a faithful response to God's self-giving in Jesus Christ and Christ's call to minister to and share with others in
8245-488: The tithes are separated but not given, as no Jew can prove they are a priest or Levite and thus entitled to the produce. Instead, a custom has arisen to tithe 10% of one's earnings to charity ( ma'aser kesafim ). The Mishnah and Talmud contain analysis of the first tithe , second tithe and poor tithe . Animals are not tithed in the modern era when the Temple is not standing. Many churches practiced tithing, as it
8342-657: The world. Tithing is a primary expression of the Christian discipline of stewardship". The United Church of Christ , a denomination in the Congregationalist tradition, teaches that: When we tithe we place God as our first priority. We trust in God's abundance instead of worrying about not having enough. Tithing churches live out a vision of abundance rather than a mentality of scarcity. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) bases its tithing on
8439-467: Was away. When Nehemiah returned he called it an evil thing, threw out all Tobiah's household items and had his rooms purified so that they could once more be used for tithes. The Book of Malachi has one of the most quoted Biblical passages about tithing. God (according to Malachi) promises that if the Jews begin to keep the laws of tithing, God will "open the windows of heaven for you and pour down for you
8536-568: Was burnt down in 1188. In the 13th century, Magdeburg became a member of the Hanseatic League . With more than 20,000 inhabitants Magdeburg was one of the largest cities in the Holy Roman Empire . The town had active maritime commerce on the west (towards Flanders ), with the countries of the North Sea , and maintained traffic and communication with the interior (for example Braunschweig ). The citizens constantly struggled against
8633-748: Was common. The capital city attracts politically motivated people and those whose skills are needed for efficient administration of national or imperial governments, such as lawyers , political scientists , bankers , journalists , and public policy makers . Some of these cities are or were also religious centres , e.g. Constantinople (more than one religion), Rome / Vatican City (the Roman Catholic Church ), Jerusalem (more than one religion), Babylon, Moscow (the Russian Orthodox Church ), Belgrade (the Serbian Orthodox Church ), Paris, and Beijing. In some countries,
8730-632: Was destroyed when Li Zicheng took their seat of power, and this pattern repeats itself in Chinese history, until the fall of the traditional Confucian monarchy in the 20th century. After the Qing dynasty 's collapse, decentralization of authority and improved transportation and communication technologies allowed both the Chinese Nationalists and Chinese Communists to rapidly relocate capitals and keep their leadership structures intact during
8827-481: Was founded in 1991. There are 30 direct study programs in five departments in Magdeburg and two departments in Stendal. The university has more than 130 professors and approximately 4,500 students at Magdeburg and 1,900 at Stendal. Magdeburg has a municipal theatre, Theater Magdeburg . Magdeburg is well known for its Christmas market , which is an attraction for 1.5 million visitors every year. Other events are
8924-434: Was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: The Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (German: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg) was founded in 1993 and is one of the newest universities in Germany. The university in Magdeburg has about 13,000 students in nine faculties. There are 11,700 papers published in international journals from this institute. The Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences
9021-655: Was left to the Red Army on 1 July 1945. Post-war the area was part of the Soviet Zone of Occupation and many of the remaining pre-World War II city buildings were destroyed, with only a few buildings near the cathedral and in the southern part of the old city being restored to their pre-war state. Before the reunification of Germany , many surviving Gründerzeit buildings were left uninhabited and, after years of degradation, waiting for demolition. From 1949 until German reunification on 3 October 1990, Magdeburg belonged to
9118-602: Was published as a local newspaper in Magdeburg. During World War II , Magdeburg was the location of 30 forced labour detachments of the Stalag XI-A prisoner-of-war camp for some 4,500 Allied POWs, a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see also Romani Holocaust ), and three subcamps of the Buchenwald concentration camp , in which mostly Jewish men and boys and Soviet, Polish and Jewish women were imprisoned. In April 1945, dozens of prisoners were massacred by
9215-402: Was taken. In years 3 and 6, poor tithe was taken. (In year 7, private agriculture was prohibited, all crops that grew were deemed ownerless, and no tithes taken.) The second tithe was kept by the owner, but had to be eaten at the site of the Temple . (If this was difficult, the second could be redeemed for money which would be used to buy food at the Temple site. ) The poor tithe was given to
9312-715: Was taught at early Christian church councils , including the Council of Tours in 567 , as well as the Third Council of Mâcon in 585. Tithing remains an important doctrine in many Christian denominations , such as the Congregational churches , Methodist Churches and Seventh-day Adventist Church . Some Christian Churches, such as those in the Methodist tradition, teach the concept of Storehouse Tithing , which emphasizes that tithes must be prioritized and given to
9409-447: Was taught by the Council of Tours in 567 , and in the Third Council of Mâcon in AD 585, a penalty of excommunication was prescribed for those who did not adhere to this ecclesiastical law. Tithes can be given to the Church at once (as is the custom in many Christian countries with a church tax ), or distributed throughout the year; during the part of Western Christian liturgies known as
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