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38-595: A börde (plural: börden ) is a region of highly fertile lowland in North Germany , a "fertile plain". These landscapes often cover great areas and are particularly important for arable farming on account of their rich soils. These regions coincide closely with areas of flat, fertile loess soil and few trees. Börden are found in Germany, especially in the North German Old Drift region on

76-557: A börde would be a "land that produced a rich yield". Semasiological comparisons are made in this regard to the word tragen ("to carry", "to bear"): the related words Ertrag ("yield") and Getreide ("grain") stem from the Middle High German getregede ("that which is borne"). In the heraldic motto of the House of Alsleben is the term Vorborde , which is translated today as "for the ancestral land". Börden extend from

114-760: A dictionary of the German dialects spoken within the Province of Pomerania 's borders in 1936. East Pomeranian dialect of East Low German is also spoken in Brazil (see Pomerode , in Santa Catarina , Santa Maria de Jetibá , in Espírito Santo , and Arroio do Padre , Morro Redondo , Turuçu , Canguçu , São Lourenço do Sul and Pelotas , in Rio Grande do Sul ). By the early Middle Ages, Pomerania

152-415: A day: at breakfast, after lunch, in the evening at around 4 pm, and after dinner. Many people also drink a coffee at their place of work at the start of the day's work, and a coffee break with colleagues around an hour before or after lunch. There is also a strong tradition of taking coffee breaks and visiting cafés with friends and acquaintances. In places such as publicly funded universities where free coffee

190-456: A slightly stronger tradition of hard liquor , such as corn , vodka , and schnapps . Binge drinking is far more common in the north – almost 70% of binge drinking hospitalizations on weekends happen in the eight northern provinces and states containing just 40% of the population. As in all of Germany, mulled wine is a popular alcoholic drink during the Christmas season. In

228-400: A variety of black puddings commonly eaten for brunch . Another northern German regional specialty are meatloaves ( Hackbraten ), made from a mixture of ground pork and beef and served with mashed potatoes, brown sauce and lingonberry jam. Many traditional meat-based lunch dishes are served with boiled or mashed potatoes and brown sauce. Eating brunch is very popular during weekends in

266-409: Is an exception insofar as tea is largely preferred over coffee there, to the extent that East Frisians drink about 300 litres (79 US gal) of tea per capita and year, more than in any particular country. Lunch at workplaces and educational institutions in northern Germany begins very early – usually between 11:45 and 12:15 pm, and dinner is usually eaten between 7 and 8 pm. This

304-467: Is because the work and school day starts pretty early, at 8 am sharp. Lunches eaten at home during holidays and weekends usually start later – around 1 pm. The drinking culture in the north is more or less similar to that of the rest of the country, heavily based on beer with pale lagers and pilsners being favourites. Unlike Bavaria and Central Germany , dark beers or dark lagers are not at all popular in northern Germany. The north has

342-553: Is centered around boiled potatoes , rye bread, dairy products, cabbages, cucumbers, berries, jams, fish , and pork and beef . A breakfast specialty is the crispbread ( Knäckebrot ), eaten with a variety of toppings such as ham, soft cheese, cucumber, tomatoes, and liver paste. Lentil stews and soups are very popular as a working lunch. Regional specialties in Schleswig-Holstein , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony include blood sausage ( Blutwurst ) and

380-699: Is characterized by higher levels of income equality and gender equality than southern and south-western Germany. While the national federal Gini coefficient for Germany stands at around 30, the southern states have a Gini coefficient of 30.6 whereas for the Northern states the Gini coefficient stands at 27.5 which is closer to the Scandinavian average of 25. Traditional society in the western part of Northern Germany ( Schleswig-Holstein , Lower Saxony and some parts of North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony-Anhalt ) until

418-737: Is given first. The German Football Association was founded in Leipzig in 1900. Several cities in Northern Germany have hosted matches of the 1974 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 1988 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . The Nordderby ( Northern derby ) is played between Hamburger SV and SV Werder Bremen , whereas the Hamburg derby is played between Hamburger SV and FC St. Pauli . Other notable men's football clubs include Hertha Berlin , VfL Wolfsburg , Hannover 96 , Eintracht Braunschweig , F.C. Hansa Rostock , 1. FC Magdeburg . Hamburger SV won

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456-457: Is not available to students, it is not uncommon for students to bring their own hot coffee in insulated flasks and drink from it intermittently. Cafés usually offer medium-fat milk and sugar cubes along with filter coffee . Commonly eaten desserts include waffles with ice cream, pancakes, the sweet bun roll with cream known as Heißwecke , and blueberry pie ( Heidelbeerkuchen ) with vanilla cream. The northwesternmost region of East Frisia

494-562: Is spoken by Mennonites in North America , Mexico and a few other places in the world. In Berlin a version of Brandenburgisch was spoken in medieval times until the city took up an East Central German dialect that incorporated Brandenburgisch elements and developed into today's Berlin[er]isch . The German dialects of Pomerania are compiled and described in the Pommersches Wörterbuch ("Pomeranian Dictionary"),

532-515: Is usually made referring to the plural endings of the verbs: East Low German endings are based on the old first person ending: -e(n), whereas West Low German endings are based on the old second person ending: -(e)t. The categorization of the Low German dialects into an Eastern and a Western group is not made by all linguists. In the South, it fades into East Central German . The difference is that

570-1152: The 1982–83 European Cup and six German championships, whereas Werder Bremen won the German championship four times and Hertha Berlin twice. In women's football, the VfL Wolfsburg won the Bundesliga three times and the UEFA Women's Champions League twice, whereas 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam won the Bundesliga six times and the UEFA Champions League twice. Notable Basketball Bundesliga teams include Alba Berlin , Basketball Löwen Braunschweig , Hamburg Towers and EWE Baskets Oldenburg . Notable Eishockey-Bundesliga teams include Eisbären Berlin , Grizzlys Wolfsburg , Hamburg Freezers , Hannover Scorpions and Fischtown Pinguins . Notable handball teams include GWD Minden , SG Flensburg-Handewitt , TuS Nettelstedt-Lübbecke , THW Kiel , Handball Hamburg , SC Magdeburg , Buxtehuder SV , VfL Oldenburg and HSG Blomberg-Lippe . Notable marathon races include

608-901: The Berlin Marathon (one of the World Marathon Majors ), Hamburg Marathon , Hannover Marathon . Notable tennis tournaments include the Halle Open , International German Open and Sparkassen Open . Other notable competitions are the Kiel Week , EuroEyes Cyclassics and the Hanse Sail . The Olympiastadion in Berlin has hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics , 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics and Internationales Stadionfest . The sailing competitions for

646-946: The Early Middle Ages , Northern Germany was the settlement area of the Saxon tribes, which were subjugated by the Frankish ruler Charlemagne in the Saxon Wars from 772 onwards, whereafter the Imperial Duchy of Saxony was established in 804. In the 10th century the Saxon lands, enlarged by the Saxon Eastern March , became the cradle of the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire , when

684-1023: The Low Saxon dialects in the west (including the Westphalian language area up to the Rhineland ), the East Low German region along the Baltic coast with Western Pomerania , the Altmark and northern Brandenburg , as well as the North Low German dialects. Although from the 19th century onwards, the use of Standard German was strongly promoted especially by the Prussian administration, Low German dialects are still present in rural areas, with an estimated number of five to eight million active speakers. However, since World War II and

722-608: The North German Confederation in the 19th century. The boundary between the spheres of political influence of Prussia (Northern Germany) and Austria (Southern Germany) within the German Confederation (1815–1866) was known as the "Main line" ( Mainlinie , after the river Main ), Frankfurt am Main being the seat of the federal assembly. The "Main line" did not follow the course of the river Main upstream of Frankfurt, rather corresponding to

760-782: The geest and heaths inland. Also prominent are the low hills of the Baltic Uplands , the ground moraines , end moraines , sandur , glacial valleys , bogs and Luch . These features were formed during the Weichselian glaciation and contrast topographically with the adjacent Central Uplands of Germany to the south, such as the Harz and Teutoburg Forest , which are occasionally counted as part of Northern Germany. Northern Germany has traditionally been dominated by Protestantism , especially Lutheranism . The two northern provinces of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony have

798-421: The plattdeutsch word bören ("to bear"). The börde in this context is seen as a district in which the inhabitants had to "bear" public charges, i.e. it was effectively a taxation district. This may thus be a dialect variation of de:Bürde ("burden", "heavy load"). Because of the fertility of the börden another connexion has been made to the word bören , whose primary meaning was "yield" or "output", thus

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836-457: The (sub-)oceanic climatic region the loess has been largely decalcified and loamified . The northern edge of the loess region is not only a soil and vegetation boundary, but also a settlement zone - cities like Minden , Hanover or Magdeburg lie on the loess boundary. North Germany Northern Germany (German: Norddeutschland , [ˈnɔʁtdɔɪ̯tʃlant] ) is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in

874-680: The 1936 and 1972 Summer Olympics were held at the Bay of Kiel. East Low German East Pomeranian, Central Pomeranian and West Pomeranian should not be confused with the West Slavic Pomeranian language ( German : Pomoranisch ). East Low German belongs to the dialect continuum of the West Germanic languages . It developed from the older Middle Low German . In the West it fades into West Low German . The distinction

912-809: The East Low German varieties have not been affected by the High German consonant shift . The areas affected by the High German consonant shift are still expanding today, especially the Berlinerisch dialect that is gaining ground on the Brandenburgisch dialect by which it is surrounded. East Low German dialects are: Instead of Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch also Mecklenburgisch and Vorpommersch are used. For some it also includes Plautdietsch (originating from Danzig ), which

950-726: The North German geest to the perimeter of the German Central Uplands and consist of loess that has been predominantly deposited by east winds. In some places the loess lies over boulder clay (on the rivers Weser , Leine and Oker ), in others over Mesozoic and Tertiary sedimentary rocks (in the Hellwegbörden and the foreland of the Harz Mountains ). The loess layers are up to 10 metres thick and tend to attenuate differences in relief. In

988-586: The dukes of the Ottonian dynasty were elected King of the Romans and crowned Holy Roman Emperors . From 1500 onwards, the former Saxon territories (except for Westphalia) were incorporated into the Lower Saxon Circle of the Holy Roman Empire . The Hanseatic League is also part of the common history and culture of the cities in northern Germany. Northern Germany corresponds to the territory of

1026-460: The early 20th century was based on well-off, literate and landowning yeoman farmers owning relatively large pieces of land, making a living growing grain crops and raising dairy cattle and pigs, and a large and educated middle class in the towns and cities working in the civil service, or as businessmen, artisans, blue-collar workers and skilled workers. Thus, the proportion of serfs, landless labourers, semi-skilled industrial workers and large landlords

1064-539: The former Iron Curtain and mutual prejudices regarding what once was the other side may still persist today. A number of Scottish and English Lutheran Families settled in Northern Germany between the years 1683 and 1709, with the result that many Germans in Northwest Germany can claim Scottish and English ancestry. The term northern German states is always used to refer to the following coastal federal States of Germany : In some cases, it also includes

1102-480: The highest proportion of self-reported Lutherans in Germany. Exceptions include the Catholic districts of Emsland , Cloppenburg and Vechta in the west, traditionally linked to the Catholic region of Westphalia in the south, and the southernmost region of Lower Saxony , around the city of Duderstadt , comprising part of the traditional Catholic enclave of Eichsfeld . Culturally and socially, Northern Germany

1140-592: The immigration of expellees from the former eastern territories of Germany , its prevalence has steadily reduced. Besides which, Frisian is spoken in East and North Frisia , as well as Danish (Standard and South Jutlandic ) in parts of Schleswig . The key terrain feature of Northern Germany is the North German Plain including the marshes along the coastline of the North and Baltic Seas , as well as

1178-429: The larger towns and cities. In regions nearer to the coast, fish is very popular, with pickled herring and salmon being delicacies. Drinking coffee is firmly rooted in northern Germany and the northern provinces on average consume around 8 kilograms (18 lb) of coffee per capita annually. This is more than the 6 kilograms (13 lb) of coffee per capita consumed in the south. Coffee is frequently drunk four times

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1216-462: The non-coastal states of: Northern Germany as a region or as a historical landscape includes additional federal states (see geography above). Northwestern Germany is usually considered to be part of Northern Europe both culturally and geographically where as the southern states are much closer to Central European cultures. Where a city has different names in English and German, the English name

1254-509: The northern border of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Cultural or political east–west divisions have existed in northern Germany since at least the early modern period, when During the Cold War of the second half of the 20th century, a cultural division of northern Germany into an Eastern and a Western part has become more pronounced due to the 1949–1990 division of all of Germany into West Germany and East Germany , where identities based upon

1292-531: The northern edges of Central Uplands . The resulting black earth soils are some of the best soils in Germany. These landscapes are restricted to, or concentrated on, those regions where the Eastphalian and Westphalian dialects are spoken. There are two opposing explanations for the name. According to one, the term is connected with the Old High German word giburida ("judicial district") or

1330-550: The northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen . It contrasts with Southern Germany , Western Germany , and Eastern Germany . Northern Germany generally refers to the Sprachraum area north of the Uerdingen and Benrath line isoglosses , where Low German dialects are spoken. These comprise

1368-530: The settlers are classified as East Low German. After World War II , Germans east of the Oder-Neisse line were expelled to post-war Germany . Most varieties of East Pomeranian dialect have largely died out in the following decades as the expellees were assimilated into their new homes, although West Pomeranian and Central Pomeranian are still spoken in Vorpommern (Western or Hither Pomerania), part of

1406-594: Was largely populated by Slavic Pomeranians and Liuticians , who spoke the Pomeranian and Polabian languages. During the High Middle Ages , Germans from northern parts of the Holy Roman Empire settled in Pomerania as part of the medieval Ostsiedlung . Most Slavic Pomeranians gradually became Germanized . The new Pomeranian dialects which emerged from the admixture of the Low German dialects of

1444-514: Was relatively smaller, making for a more stable society than elsewhere in Germany like the Rhineland region and the region east of the Elbe river. Additionally, Northern cities like Hamburg , Bremen and Rostock have always been economic powerhouses of trade and commerce and have had a long tradition of innovation and creativity in business and industry. The traditional northern German daily diet

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