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63-537: Gazi Husrev-beg was born in Serres, Greece . His father, Ferhad-beg, was a Bosnian nobleman from Hum (modern-day Herzegovina ), who worked as a high court official. His mother, Selçuk Sultan , was the daughter of the Sultan Bayezid II , making Gazi Husrev-beg Beyazid II's grandson. In less than three years, he conquered the fortresses of Knin , Skradin and Ostrovica . He was appointed sanjak-bey of

126-539: A counterfeit retreat after the first assault. Gazi Husrev-beg's forces struggled against a power vacuum in Montenegro after the death of Ottoman ally, islamized Montenegrin lord Skender-beg Crnojević in 1528. In 1541, during an uprising of Montenegro nobility, he set out to protect the Crnojevićs and the local populace. After fighting many battles to maintain order in the region, although finally victorious, he

189-610: A day and 7 days a week, whereas a guest house has a more limited staff presence. Because of this, check-in at a guest house is often by appointment. An inn also usually has a restaurant attached. In India , a tremendous growth can be seen in the guest house business especially in Delhi-NCR (national capital region) where progress in the IT sector and the Commonwealth Games 2010 were the two most influential factors. Nowadays

252-467: A fit state" if they have empty rooms, guest houses are allowed to be more selective. Bed and breakfasts and guest houses in England are family-owned and the family lives on the premises, though family members are not normally available during the evening. However, most family members work a 10- to 12-hour day from 6 am as they may employ part-time service staff. Hotels maintain a staff presence 24 hours

315-521: A football club that plays in second national division (football league 2), Serres is twinned with: Guest house A guest house (also guesthouse ) is a kind of lodging . In some parts of the world (such as the Caribbean ), a guest house is a type of inexpensive hotel-like lodging. In others, it is a private home that has been converted for the exclusive use of visitor accommodation. The owner usually lives in an entirely separate area within

378-447: A market ( agora ), parliament ( bouleuterion ), theater, gymnasium and temples. As we know from epigraphic evidence, the local government was also based on the known Greek institutions, which were the parliament ( boule ), the citizen body ( demos ) and the archons ( politarchai , agoranomoi , gymnasiarchai , high priests etc.). It was also the seat of a federation of five cities (" Pentapolis ") and actively participated in

441-545: A member of PASOK ). The present Serres municipality was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 6 former municipalities, that became municipal units of the new municipality: Ano Vrontou , Kapetan Mitrousi , Lefkonas , Oreini , Serres, and Skoutari . The municipality has an area of 600.479 km , the municipal unit 252.973 km . Serres has a hot summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csa ) with some Humid ( Cfa ) influences. Serres has an irregular precipitation pattern throughout

504-532: A small settlement clustered around the fortified citadel, while the lower town was protected by a weak stone wall. The city returned to Byzantine rule in 1246, when it was captured by the Nicaean Empire . By the 14th century, the city had regained its former size and prosperity, so that Nikephoros Gregoras called it a "large and marvelous" city. Taking advantage of the Byzantine civil war of 1341–47 ,

567-561: Is also a Department of Physical Education and Sport Science of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki that operates in the city of Serres, offering bachelor's and master's degrees. In addition, in the Vocational Training Institute ( Greek : Ι.Ε.Κ.) of Serres, various specialisations are being taught in programmes that last for up to two years of study. Serres hosts the sport club Panserraikos ,

630-567: Is based on his three vakufnama ' s (deeds of endowment), the first being issued November 1531, second on January 1537, and the third on November 1537. The three deeds of endowment were also legal basis for the establishment of the institution, the Gazi Husrev-begov Vakuf (or Gazi Husrev-beg's Endowment ), whose primary purpose is to take care of the endowment's properties and support for the endowed established institutions. With it Husrev-beg bequeathed his property and wealth for

693-776: Is the Technological Educational Institution (TEI) of Central Macedonia. It has more than 14.000 bachelor and master students, also three faculties and even more departments. In autumn 2012 there operated (for first time) two master programmes in English (MBA, MSc) and in 2013 a third one was added (MSc). In 2019 the Technological Educational Institution (TEI) of Central Macedonia merged with the International Hellenic University. There

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756-512: Is the capital of a primarily agricultural district and is an important trade centre for tobacco , grain , and livestock . Following the development of a government-sponsored manufacturing area in the late 20th century, it has also become a centre for the production of textiles and other manufactured items. Various products, meat and dairy, are also produced by breeding at Lake Kerkini . Late Ottoman author Omer Seyfeddin set his fictional work White Tulip ( Beyaz Lale ) describing events during

819-653: The Baščaršija . The Museum of Gazi Husrev Beg is established in fall 2012 by the Gazi Husrev Beg Waqf (endowment). Most of these building are declared National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Serres, Greece Serres ( Greek : Σέρρες [ˈseɾes] ) is a city in Macedonia , Greece , capital of

882-479: The Capuchin friar Robert de Dreux . Evliya records a prosperous settlement, comprising the 10 Christian quarters of the old town, and 30 Muslim quarters in the new town, with about 2,000 and 4,000 houses respectively, 12 main mosques and 91 smaller ones, 26 madrasahs , two tekkes and five baths. It boasted a large market, among the most important in the region of Macedonia, with 2,000 shops and 17 khans . In

945-771: The Docheiariou Monastery in Mount Athos from 1383, while there are many other such references in documents from the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. It was known as Serez or Siroz in Turkish . In the Slavic languages , the city is known as Ser (Сер) in Macedonian , while in Bulgarian it is known as Syar (Сяр) or Ser (Сер). In Aromanian , Serres is known as Siar or Nsiar . Although

1008-714: The First Balkan War on November 6, 1912, but was forced to withdraw by Greek forces commanded by the King of Greece, Constantine I , during the Second Balkan War . The first officer of the Hellenic Army to enter Serres was infantry colonel Napoleon Sotilis , head of the 7th Infantry Regiment on July 11, 1913. Prior to abandoning the city, the Bulgarians set fire to it, which burned down much of

1071-574: The Gestapo to the Treblinka death camp and exterminated. There was a significant resistance movement in the city during the occupation, led by the left-wing National Liberation Front (EAM). In the postwar years, the city's population grew substantially, and there was also a significant rise in the standard of living. The long-serving conservative Greek Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis (in office from 1955 to 1963 and again from 1974 to 1980)

1134-588: The Roman province of Macedonia , with the status of a civitas stipendaria . It flourished especially during the imperial period thanks to the Pax Romana . Then, during the great crisis of the Roman Empire (235–284 AD), the city declined and only in the times of Diocletian , with its reforms ( Tetrarchic system ), returned to prosperity. As regards the urban structure it featured, like all Greek cities,

1197-469: The Sanjak of Bosnia on 15 September 1521, becoming one of Sultan Suleiman I 's most trusted men. A relentless campaign of conquest followed soon; the fortified towns of Greben, Sokol, Jezero, Vinac , Vrbaški Grad, Livač, Kamatin, Bočac , Udbina , Vrana , Modruč, and Požega fell at his hands. He founded, among the many buildings he ordered to construct in the city , the vakuf of Sarajevo , which

1260-687: The Second World War , after the conquest of mainland Greece by Nazi Germany in April 1941 (which was followed by the conquest of Crete in June ), Serres was assigned by the Nazis to their Bulgarian allies (along with the rest of East Macedonia and Thrace and the island of Thasos ), who occupied the city until the Allied liberation of Greece in 1944. In 1943, Serres' Jewish population was deported by

1323-547: The Serbs besieged and took the city on 25 September 1345. It became the capital of Stefan Dušan 's Serbian Empire . Dušan rebuilt the citadel for the last time. After Dušan's death in 1355 his realm fell into feudal anarchy, and Serres became a separate principality, initially under Dušan's Empress-dowager Helena and after 1365 by the Despot Jovan Uglješa . Jovan Uglješa maintained close political and cultural ties to

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1386-505: The Serres regional unit and second largest city in the region of Central Macedonia , after Thessaloniki . Serres is one of the administrative and economic centers of Northern Greece . The city is situated in a fertile plain at an elevation of about 70 metres (230 feet), some 24 kilometres (15 miles) northeast of the Strymon river and 69 km (43 mi) north-east of Thessaloniki , respectively. Serres' official municipal population

1449-712: The Thracian horseman (or "Hero"). Many inscriptions of Roman (imperial) times have been found in the city (and to the early 1960s in the surrounding area). From these inscriptions (almost all written in Greek and only three in Latin ), the eight are votive or honorific and all other on epitaph reliefs or steles. The first attested bishop of the city is recorded as participating in the Second Council of Ephesus in 449. In c.  803 Emperor Nikephoros I rebuilt

1512-593: The 15th century there were 25 Muslim to 45 Christian quarters. Towards the end of the 15th century, the first Sephardi Jews arrived from Sicily and Spain, and the Grand Vizier Koca Mustafa Pasha funded various public and charitable buildings in the city. In the early 16th century, Serres was visited by the French traveller Pierre Belon, who reported that the town was mainly inhabited by Greeks alongside German and Sephardi communities, while

1575-474: The 18th and early 19th centuries, Serres was an autonomous lordship (beylik) under a succession of derebeys , within the Sanjak of Salonica . At the end of the 18th century, Serres was a cotton-producing area, exporting 50,000 balls of cotton to Germany , France , Venice and Livorno . The metropolitan bishop Gabriel founded in 1735 the Greek School of Serres, which he directed until 1745. The school

1638-682: The Byzantine court in Constantinople, and the Greek element rose again to prominence: local Greeks played a major role in his administration, which was carried out in the Greek language. After the 1371 Battle of Maritsa , the Byzantines under Manuel II Palaiologos (then governor of Thessalonica ) retook Serres. Serres fell to the Ottoman Empire for the first time briefly in 1371, and definitely on 19 September 1383—although

1701-517: The Faculty of Engineering of the International Hellenic University is located in Serres. The Ancient Greek historian Herodotus mentions the city as Siris (Σίρις) in the 5th century BC. Theopompus refers to the city as Sirra (Σίρρα). Later, it is mentioned as Sirae , in the plural, by the Roman historian Livy . Since then the name of the city has remained plural and by the 5th century AD it

1764-569: The First Balkan War in the town. Probably the most well-known food from Serres is bougatsa . Additionally, gyros and souvlaki are standard forms of Greek cuisine served in many restaurants and taverns. One delicacy that is truly unique to the region is Akanés , which is a type of gourmet candy delight prepared according to a secret recipe since the beginning of the 20th century by the Roumbos family. Allegedly, Aristeidis Roumbos,

1827-561: The Ottoman sources give several earlier and contradictory dates, the date is securely established by multiple Greek sources. The city (Siroz in Turkish) and the surrounding region became a fief of Evrenos Beg , who brought in Yörük settlers from Sarukhan . Oral sources report that the terms of surrender guaranteed to the Greek population possession of its city quarters and churches, while

1890-632: The Turks were to settle outside the Byzantine walls, which were soon demolished to prevent any rebellion. The new Turkish quarters were established to the west and south of the walls, and named after their military leaders. The Grand Vizier Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha built the town's first mosque, the Old Mosque ( Eski Camii ), now destroyed, in 1385, as well as the Old Baths ( Eski Hammam ). In

1953-444: The central objects of the educational part of the endowment, Gazi Husrev-bey's bezistan , Morića Han as konak and Tašli Han  [ de ] as a caravanserai , Gazi Husrev-bey's Hamam , imaret and musafirhana near clock tower, muvekkithane  [ tr ] , šadrvan , hastahana as a hospital, mekteb , Gazi Husrev-begov Hanikah as a Dervish 's monastery with a boarding school, and large number of shops around

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2016-785: The city is the Serres Circuit. It was built in 1998 in accordance with the construction requirements of up to Formula 3 races. The racetrack is the largest in Greece and meets the construction specifications of the International Automobile Federation and of the International Motorcycling Federation . It is a municipal corporation with majority shareholder the Municipality of Serres. In the city of Serres there

2079-489: The city's 31 surviving churches. Serres became a regular province c.  1846 as the Sanjak of Siroz of the Salonica Eyalet (later Salonica Vilayet ). In the late 19th century, the kaza of Serres had a total population of 83.499, consisting of 31.210 Muslims, 31.148 Greeks , 19.494 Bulgarians , 995 Jews , 5 Armenians and 647 foreign citizens, and ranked, along with Monastir and Salonica, as one of

2142-730: The city, connecting the city with Thessaloniki and the Greek-Bulgarian border of Promachonas. The Urban KTEL of Serres (has undertaken the transport within the city, while the Intercity KTEL of Serres connects the city with other cities of Macedonia and the rest of Greece. Outside the city the railway station is located, on the Thessaloniki-Alexandroupoli Line , with local and regional services to Thessaloniki and Alexandroupolis . The City of Serres attracts high attention for motor sports. In

2205-412: The confectioner who invented this candy, disclosed the recipe to one of his loyal trainees, who then proceeded to establish a rival akanes business. Nevertheless, the Roumbos family, to this day, continues to produce this delight in their quaint workshop, which is reminiscent of life in the 1950s. Another popular dessert of the area is Poniró , similar to sfogliatella . [REDACTED] E79 passes near

2268-559: The construction of facilities and the establishment of institutions, religious, educational, and public. The first vakufnama from 1531 required the construction of a mosque, humanitarian public kitchen ( imaret ) and guest house ( musafirhana ) and ḫāniqāh . The second issued on 1537 required for the Kuršumlija madrasa to be established and built, and also library to be equipped with books and other publications books purchased. The third from 1537 endowed additional property to support

2331-519: The deified river Strymon and later the " Thracian horseman ". The ancient city of Serraepolis was founded in Cilicia by Siropaiones exiled from Serres. During the Roman period (168 BC – 315 AD) the city is mentioned in sources under the name Sirra (Σίρρα) and in inscriptions as Sirraion polis (Σιρραίων πόλις, lit.   ' "city of the Sirraians" ' ). It was an important city of

2394-461: The earliest mention of Serres (as Siris ) is dating in the 5th century BC (Herodotus), the city was founded long before the Trojan War , probably at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The ancient city was built on a high and steep hill (known as "Koulas") just north of Serres. It held a strategic position, since it controlled a land road that followed the valley of the river Strymon from

2457-518: The guest house accommodation sector has improved significantly, with even a home converted guest house also offering 3-star equivalent facilities to its guests. In the United States, the term guest house may refer to rooms in private homes. Generally, there are two variations of paying guest house: In the first version of the guest house, the guests get to live with a family where they get shelter and food ( bed and breakfast ) only, and for

2520-561: The highest was 44.6 °C (112.3 °F) on July 25, 2007. In June 2024, the Hellenic National Meteorological Service station in Serres reached a mean maximum temperature of 37.6 °C (99.7 °F) which is along with Sparta Greece's record for June. Also, in July 2024 Serres reached a mean maximum temperature of 39.1 °C (102.4 °F) which is Greece's record to date. Serres

2583-483: The mosque and other facilities. The endowment today consists of a number of buildings and institutions built and supported by the Gazi Husrev-begov Vakuf : the Gazi Husrev-bey's Mosque , built in 1531 as the central object of the religious part of the endowment with a clock tower , Husrev-beg's and his turbe 's and other supporting buildings, Gazi Husrev-bey's Madrasa with the Gazi Husrev-bey's Library as

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2646-539: The most important towns in Macedonia. The development of railways, highways and sea transport by steamship diminished the importance of the annual fairs for which the city was famous, and commercial activity declined in the late 19th century. In 1886, the Greek colonel N. Schinas described the city as having 28,000 inhabitants, 26 churches and 22 mosques, two Greek and six Turkish schools, 24 khans and an enclosed market. The city recovered some of its importance when it

2709-524: The most numerous Greek element, are recognized some population substrates even from prehistoric times. Concerning the society, the main feature was its distinction in upper (rich) and lower (poor) social strata ( honestiores and humiliores in Latin). Finally, concerning the cults of the residents, except the known panhellenic cults ( Dionysus , Zeus , Dioscuri , Apollo , Asclepius , Artemis and Isis ), are evidenced and some local and Thracian cults as

2772-450: The name Drobnjaci is recorded earlier in history. However, its real connection to Gazi Husrev-beg's place of rest is unclear. His corpse was returned to Sarajevo , where it remains in a tomb in the courtyard of his mosque ( türbe ), next to the smaller one of Murat Bey Tardić , a former Christian prisoner converted to Islam and made his duke and deputy (ćehaja). Gazi Husrev-beg's endowment or Gazi Husrev-begov vakuf (trust or foundation)

2835-750: The old Byzantine town, as well as many of the newer Muslim quarters. As the National Schism erupted in Greece during the First World War , Serres was temporarily occupied by the Central Powers after King Constantine ordered the local garrison not to resist to a token force of the Imperial German Army ; eventually the city was liberated in 1917 by Greek-French Entente forces under the Venizelos government. During

2898-567: The people in the surrounding country spoke Greek and Bulgarian. In 1519 ( Hijri 925) the town had 684 Muslim and 545 Non-Muslim households 54 of which being Jewish households; it was a has of the Sultan. In the aftermath of the Christian victory at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, Turkish reprisals were directed at the Greek population, who had risen in revolt. The metropolitan cathedral of Serres

2961-504: The property and the guest house may be as a form of lodging business. In some areas of the world, guest houses are the only kind of accommodation available for visitors who have no local relatives with whom to stay. Among the features which distinguish a guest house from a hotel or inn is the lack of a full-time staff. Under the 1956 Hotel Proprietor Act in the United Kingdom, while hotels have an obligation to accept travelers "in

3024-501: The provincial life and organization of the Macedonians; while many residents, mostly members of the local aristocracy, had received the right of Roman citizenship and were promoted to senior provincial dignities. As a city-state ( polis ), apart from the usual Greek institutions, Sirra also had its own territory ( chora ), which roughly coincided with the area of the modern province of Serres . The organization of its territory

3087-582: The rebellious Bulgarian ruler Ivan Asen I . After the Fourth Crusade , Boniface of Montferrat took over the city, but shortly after Kaloyan of Bulgaria defeated the Crusaders of the Latin Empire and captured the city, until it was retaken by the Crusaders in the early 1230s. According to George Akropolites , Kaloyan almost destroyed the city, reducing it from a sizeable urban centre to

3150-419: The rest of the jobs like washing clothes and utensils, cleaning of room or area around their bed is to be done by the guests. In the second version, the guests receive some amenities necessary to live life comfortably like a fully furnished room, comfortable bed, air-conditioner, television, water supply and, last but not least, security. A big plus point of a professionally run paying guest accommodation service

3213-430: The same year, Sultan Murad I used the city as a base for operations against the Serbs. During the Ottoman Interregnum , the rebel Sheikh Bedreddin was executed in the city in 1412. Although never rising to particular prominence within the Ottoman Empire, Serres became the site of a mint from 1413/14 on. In 1454/55, the city is estimated to have had some 6,200 inhabitants. The Muslim population grew steadily, and in

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3276-406: The shores of Strymonian Gulf to the Danubian countries. The most ancient known inhabitants of the area were the Bryges ( Phrygians ) and Strymonians. Afterwards were the Paeonian tribes of the Siropaiones (since 1100 BC) and Odomantes (from the early 5th century BC until the end of antiquity). These populations mainly engaged in agriculture and cattle-raising especially worshiped the Sun,

3339-404: The town and installed a strong garrison against the Slavic tribes of the Balkans. The city's history was uneventful until the 10th century, being in the heartland of the Byzantine Greek world, until it was pillaged and briefly occupied by the Bulgarians . In 1185, the environs of the city were pillaged by a Norman invasion, and in the Battle of Serres in 1195/6 the Byzantines were defeated by

3402-424: The year and rainfall is fairly light year round. July and August are the driest months. Due to its inland location Serres has particularly hot summers, while winters are cool but rarely very cold. According to the HNMS climate Atlas the Serres regional unit reaches an average annual sunshine close to 2.600 hours. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Serres was −23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) on January 27, 1963 while

3465-461: Was connected via railway to Salonica and Constantinople in 1896. During the last decades of Ottoman rule, the once dominant cultivation of cotton was replaced by tobacco . In the early 20th century, the city became a focus of anti-Ottoman unrest, which resulted in the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising of 1903. The Ottoman census of 1905 registered 42,000 inhabitants. A Bulgarian army commanded by General Georgi Todorov captured Serres during

3528-459: Was 70,703 in 2021. The city is home to the Department of Physical Education and Sport Science of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ( Greek : Τ.Ε.Φ.Α.Α. Σερρών ) and the Serres Campus of the International Hellenic University (former " Technological Educational Institute of Central Macedonia "), composed of the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Economics and Management, and the Department of Interior Architecture and Design. The head of

3591-408: Was a native of Serres, and as a result its people could count on the support of the central Greek government in Athens . However, the villages in the plains around the city were not so lucky; the low prices of agricultural products led many people of these villages to emigrate, mostly to the United States and West Germany . As of 2015 , the Mayor of Serres is Petros Angelidis (independent, formerly

3654-402: Was active until the 20th century. Gazi Husrev-beg played a crucial role to overcome the Christian army at the Battle of Mohács . His 10,000 Akıncıs and his irregular cavalry , composed of Turks , Bosnians and Crimean Tatars , served as reserve soldiers in that battle. According to the Ottoman military strategy, the Akıncıs circled the European knights while the Turkish infantry made

3717-404: Was already in the contemporary form as Serrae or Sérrai (Σέρραι) (plural), which remained the Katharevousa form for the name till modern times. In the local Greek dialect, the city is still known as "ta Serras" (τα Σέρρας), which is actually a corruption of the plural accusative "tas Serras" (τας Σέρρας) of the archaic form "Serrae". The oldest mention of this form is attested in a document of

3780-469: Was based on villages ( komai , sing. kome ), whose many sites have been found in various places near modern villages, such as Lefkonas , Oreini , Ano Vrontou , Neo Souli , Agio Pnevma , Chryso , Paralimnio etc. Within the limits of its territory have also discovered traces of marble quarries and iron mines, which indicate systematic exploitation of the existing mineral wealth in the imperial period (1st to 3rd century AD). In terms of population, except

3843-456: Was killed while fighting Christian rebels in Mokro, a small village in Drobnjaci (present-day Montenegro ). Legend states that he was a big man, so his warriors were unable to carry him, but instead of doing this, they took apart his intestines and buried them on a small hill called Hodžina glavica ( Imam 's Peak). The legend has it that this event gave Drobnjaci their name ( Drob is an archaic Serbo-Croatian word for intestines), although

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3906-418: Was looted along with seven other churches, while land and land titles owned by the Monastery of St John the Baptist were confiscated. Much information on the town's history in the years 1598–1642 is given by the chronicle of the priest Synadinos, a former merchant who became a priest. The town is also described in some detail by the 17th-century Ottoman travellers Haji Khalifa and Evliya Çelebi , as well as

3969-476: Was maintained by donations from wealthy Greek merchants, among them Ioannes Constas from Vienna with 10,800 florins and the banker and tragic leader of the Greek War of Independence in Macedonia Emmanouil Pappas , who donated 1,000 Turkish silver coins. Minas Minoides taught philosophy and grammar in 1815–19. The school operated also in the period of the Greek War of Independence under Argyrios Paparizou from Siatista . A great fire in 1849 destroyed most of

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