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25-577: Originally named Nancy Dousman , the ship was built in 1833 by Augustus Jones and G. W. Cochran on the Black ;River in Ohio , for Michael Dousman, the western agent for John Jacob Astor 's American Fur Company . Named for Dousman's daughter Nancy, Nancy Dousman carried goods from the eastern United States to the Wisconsin Territory frontier and returned with furs from

50-411: A 20-degree list to starboard . The hull is intact and covered by silt and mussels . The standing rigging has been damaged by fishing nets snagging on it and efforts by fishermen to free the nets, resulting in the mainmast being pulled from the mast step and toppling forward so that it rests at an angle over the bow, the foremast breaking loose from the hull and coming to the surface, and most of

75-744: A number of mishaps, sinking at Beaver Island in Lake Michigan on July 7, 1848, running aground at Milwaukee in 1850; and sinking at the mouth of the Milwaukee River in May 1851. She was refloated and returned to service each time. During a voyage from Milwaukee , Wisconsin , to Bay de Noque , Michigan , to pick up a cargo of lumber and carrying a crew of seven and two passengers, Gallinipper capsized in Lake Michigan 8 to 10 nautical miles (15 to 19 km; 9.2 to 11.5 mi) off

100-536: A search for her by her captain , she was not found again and was presumed to have sunk. Valued at USD$ 3,000 and insured for USD$ 2,000, she was declared a total loss . Gallinipper ′s wreck was discovered in 1994 in 210 feet (64 m) of water by a commercial fisherman whose fishing nets snagged on it. The wreck remained unidentified until a 2009 archaeological survey of it by the Wisconsin Historical Society . On December 28, 2010,

125-448: A total area of 26.5 square miles (68.7 km ), of which, 23.8 square miles (61.7 km ) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km ) (10.18%) is water. At the 2000 census there were 713 people, 239 households, and 196 families living in the town. The population density was 29.9 people per square mile (11.6/km ). There were 262 housing units at an average density of 11.0 per square mile (4.2/km ). The racial makeup of

150-953: Is a tributary of Lake Erie , about 12 mi (19 km) long, in northern Ohio in the United States . Via Lake Erie, the Niagara River and Lake Ontario , it is part of the watershed of the St. Lawrence River , which flows to the Atlantic Ocean . The Black drains an area of 470 mi² (1217 km²). According to the Geographic Names Information System , the Black River was formerly named " Canesadooharie River" and "Riviere en Grys." (These two historical names were actually originally intended to refer to nearby rivers, instead of

175-512: The individual falls near the City of Elyria are much larger—about 40 feet in height and absolutely perpendicular. These two Black River falls are very near one another, within easy walking distance, and any person spending several weeks fishing and hunting in the area, as Smith did, would not likely have overlooked the other falls here. The single falls which Smith experienced over a period of many weeks may have been merely very steep rapids somewhere in

200-470: The Black River. ) The Black River is formed in the city of Elyria by the confluence of its east and west branches: From the confluence of the branches in Elyria, the Black River flows generally northwardly past Sheffield into the city of Lorain , where it enters Lake Erie at 41°28′20″N 82°10′58″W  /  41.472131°N 82.182886°W  / 41.472131; -82.182886 . The mouth of

225-830: The Canesadooharie "interlocks with the West Branch of the Muskingum." Potentially, this could refer to the relatively short portage between the Huron River and the Black Fork of the Mohican River, which connects into the Muskingum. Just as likely, Smith could be referring to the even shorter portage between the Black River and Killbuck Creek. "Riviere en Grys" (another GNIS name for the Black River)

250-565: The Cuyahoga River, to a new intended settlement probably on the Black River*, about 5 or 6 miles upstream from Lake Erie. However, after remaining only twelve days, the group was prevented from settling here due to warnings by a local Native-American tribe ( about potential dangers from the inevitable "white" settlers), and so the group instead relocated to the Huron River, in (now) Milan, Ohio. (*-Zeisberger did not specifically record

275-711: The coast of Wisconsin between Manitowoc and Sheboygan during a rain squall on July 7, 1851. She righted herself, but then capsized again, and her crew and passengers abandoned ship and were rescued by the schooner Cleopatra . Waterlogged, Gallinipper became mostly submerged, but did not sink. The schooner Crook sighted her on 9 July 1851 and reported her to be nearly underwater. The schooner Convoy later made an unsuccessful attempt to take her under tow 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) from Manitowoc, but gave up and abandoned her 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) southeast by east of Manitowoc after salvaging her mainsail , main boom , and main gaff . Despite

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300-409: The eastern United States. Nancy Dousman was sold to new owners a number of times. She ran aground at least twice, but was refloated each time. In 1846, shipwright Henry Gibson rebuilt the ship at Milwaukee, increasing her cargo capacity. Renamed Gallinipper , she returned to service, based at Milwaukee and engaged in transporting cargoes of lumber . She again was sold and resold, and experienced

325-574: The falls of which Smith spoke might have been the same falls in the (now) city of Elyria. Subsequently, other historians surmised that the very word "Canesadooharie" might translate to "black pearl," or even more romantically to "string of black pearls," apparently giving further credence to the notion that the "Canesadooharie" referred to the Black River. Inconsistencies in Smith's account raise some questions. The single "falls" Smith describes were "12 to 15 feet high, and nearly perpendicular". However, both of

350-660: The frontier for markets in the eastern United States. Nancy Dousman also carried employees of the American Fur Company and other passengers, including immigrants who settled the Wisconsin Territory's frontier. In addition to his work for the fur company, Dousman established a warehouse , gristmill , and sawmill at Milwaukee , Wisconsin Territory, in 1835, and he used Nancy Dousman to bring supplies to Milwaukee and transport grain to markets in

375-487: The name of the river of their brief stay, but merely that it was "halfway between" the Cuyahoga and Huron Rivers.) The Black River has two impressive falls in the city of Elyria Ohio, these falls having been the reason that nineteenth-century historians concluded that the Black River was the "Canesadooharie," the river upon which James Smith encamped with Native Americans, in 1755 and 1756. There exists some speculation that

400-596: The rest of the rigging—including a boom, gaff, topmast , and two yards —being deposited on the lake floor to starboard of the wreck. Fishing net is wrapped around the stern, runs along the lake bed on either side of the hull, and is draped over the mainmast and forward deck . Gallinipper ′s foremast is on display at the Rogers Street Fishing Village in Two Rivers , Wisconsin. Cave dive sites: Black River (Ohio) The Black River

425-413: The river Smith referred to was the Huron River. Its Native-American name was phonetically interpreted by other European explorers as "Guahadahuri." The only original source for the word "Canesadooharie" was Col. James Smith (captured by Native-Americans and brought to live among them near Sandusky Bay), who had written about his visit to the "falls" on the river "Canesadooharie." Historians have guessed that

450-494: The river forms part of the harbor of Lorain. In the 1700s, the Black River was known as the "Reneshoua River", and was also referred to as "la Riviere de la Cuiliere" by early French and British explorers. The origin of those names is uncertain, although "Cuilliere" was also the name of a French fur-trader who frequented the Lake Erie shore areas about 1760. This river became well known by the early European explorers, as being

475-487: The safest harboring spot at the western end of "the cliffs" which extended many miles along the southern Lake Erie shore from this river almost to the Cuyahoga River's mouth, and in the 1700s these cliffs had almost no beach areas for landing even a small boat, and were too high and steep to climb. In 1787, the Moravian missionary, David Zeisberger, led a group of Christian-converted Native-Americans from their settlement on

500-637: The shipwreck site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places . The wreck was included within the boundaries of the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary when it was created in 2021. Gallinipper ′s wreck is the oldest known shipwreck in Wisconsin's waters. It is a rare example of an early Great Lakes trading schooner. Few trading schooners were built for service on

525-463: The town was 98.18% White, 0.98% Native American, 0.14% Asian, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.26%. Of the 239 households, 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.1% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 15.1% of households were one person and 4.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size

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550-527: The vicinity of (now) Milan, Ohio, but time and nature could have altered them beyond recognition, even by the mid-1800s. Nevertheless, in the original edition of Smith's account, he notes that the "Canesadooharie" was "about 8 miles east of Sandusky or betwixt Sandusky and Cayahaga (the Cuyahoga River); the Black River is approximately midway between the Sandusky and the Cuyahoga. Smith also notes that

575-520: The western Great Lakes, and little other evidence of them remains, despite their importance in maintaining trade and communication among frontier communities on the Great Lakes and between them and cities in the eastern United States. The wreck lies off Centerville in the waters of Manitowoc County , Wisconsin, 9.5 miles (15.3 km) east of Hika Bay Park . It sits upright on the lake bottom with its bow slightly higher than its stern and with

600-418: Was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.32. The age distribution was 29.5% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.0 males. The median household income was $ 58,750 and the median family income was $ 62,647. Males had

625-654: Was instead originally the name of now Beaver Creek, several miles west of the Black River. Centerville, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin Centerville is a town in Manitowoc County , Wisconsin , United States. The population was 713 at the 2000 census. The town is divided by I-43 and surrounds the Village of Cleveland . According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has

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