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92-574: Gangubai Kathiawadi is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language biographical crime drama film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and produced by Bhansali and Jayantilal Gada . Based on the book Mafia Queens of Mumbai by S. Hussain Zaidi , it tells the story of Gangubai Kathiawadi , a simple girl from Kathiawad who is forced into prostitution and later rises to become a madam and an influential figure in Bombay 's red-light area. The film stars Alia Bhatt in

184-421: A resume / biodata ) to follow. These items are usually returnable if the match does not proceed: In those scenarios, families customarily cooperate to eliminate any trace of a matchmaking conversation between them. The son/daughter reviews the information and photographs, with input from the family and friends, and shortlists a few for in-person meetings. If the prospective partners express a desire to meet or if

276-430: A 2013 study conducted by sociologist Keera Allendorf, a set of thirty interviews were conducted with individuals from Darjeeling Hills, West Bengal. Respondents expressed their beliefs on the rise of love marriages within their village. Qualitative responses were collected and the study concluded that while villagers believed love marriages had better couple relationships, arranged marriages had far more positive benefits for

368-540: A Fairytale (2006), and Howard Stern in Private Parts (1997). In 2018, the musical biopic Bohemian Rhapsody , based on the life of Queen singer Freddie Mercury , became the highest-grossing biopic in history at the time. In 2023, it was surpassed by Oppenheimer , based on the life of J. Robert Oppenheimer and the creation of the atomic bomb in World War II. Arranged marriage in

460-586: A Western dating app, there is an explicit expectation of marriage and many users’ accounts are managed by parents or guardians. Shaadi.com allows users to limit their potential matches only to individuals from certain communities. There are two hundred of these communities offered for Hindu users. Still, in their search to find a “good match,” individuals and their families prioritzie a plethora of other characteristics that shape their marriage cognition. Some of these (beyond caste) include: class, ‘exposure’, and good looks. As long as these characteristics are compatible and

552-556: A career best performance by Alia Bhatt. At the box office, it has bright chances to score with the multiplex and female audiences". Stutee Ghosh of The Quint gave the film a rating of three and a half out of five stars and wrote " Gangubai Kathiawadi is a Sanjay Leela Bhansali canvas and a complete Alia Bhatt show". Sukanya Verma of Rediff gave the film a rating of three and a half out of five stars and wrote "Something in Alia has surely changed after Gangubai . Her entire performance

644-406: A codified genre using many of the same tropes used in the studio era that has followed a similar trajectory as that shown by Rick Altman in his study, Film/Genre . Bingham also addresses the male biopic and the female biopic as distinct genres from each other, the former generally dealing with great accomplishments, the latter generally dealing with female victimization. Ellen Cheshire's Bio-Pics:

736-414: A female-led Bollywood feature. Actress Bhumi Pednekar credited Gangubai Kathiawadi for encouraging her to do female-lead films. Cultural professor Rachel Dwyer referred Gangubai Kathiawadi as Bhansali's version of 1972 cult classic , Pakeezah . She drew parallels between Bhatt's and Meena Kumari 's character and wrote, "Gangubai may be seen as a version of Sahibjaan/ Pakeezah, who finds herself in

828-501: A film career under the tutelage of his aunt Sheela. Ramnik turns out to be a groomer who sells Ganga to Sheela's brothel , where she is forced into prostitution and has her name changed to Gangu. There, Gangu introduces labour rights by advocating for prostitutes to observe days off from work once a week. One night, sadistic local goon Shaukat violently assaults Gangu, leaving her hospitalised. Hoping for justice, Gangu goes to Shaukat's principled boss, mafia leader Rahim Lala , who

920-471: A film which keeps us glued to our seats for close to three hours". Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express gave the film a rating of three out of five stars, writing, "Sanjay Leela Bhansali's latest is the kind of old-fashioned dialogue-heavy, sentiment-on-sleeve film which Bollywood is forgetting how to make". Monika Rawal Kukreja of Hindustan Times wrote "Alia Bhatt...has given a superlative performance as Gangubai". Anuj Kumar of The Hindu wrote "This

1012-489: A half out of five stars and wrote "Written by Bhansali and Utkarshini Vashishtha, it flips the narrative by handing out extraordinary concessions to the female lead at its heart, not entirely a frequent occurrence in Bollywood". Bollywood Hungama gave the film a rating of three and a half out of five stars, writing: "The Alia Bhatt-starrer Gangubai Kathiawadi is a powerful saga and is embellished with terrific moments and

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1104-482: A high chance of succeeding and fairer sex can't make a film a hit. However, Gangubai Kathiawadi's box office performance proves that even women audiences can take the film into the 'hit' or even the 'super-hit' zone. Bhatt's look in Gangubai Kathiawadi inspired Malaysia's Northern Haute Couture Fashion Show 2022. Deadline Hollywood noted that Gangubai Kathiawadi proved to be a ‘‘rare-breakout’’ for

1196-419: A high level of cordiality in these interactions, often invoking the idea of sanjog (predestined relationship, roughly equivalent to the idea that " marriages are made in heaven ") to defuse any sense of rancor or rejection. An engagement ceremony or a pre-engagement ceremony (such as roka ) follows. In urban areas, the future spouses are often expected to go out on dates and develop a romantic relationship in

1288-661: A lack of resemblance between the two. The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord. Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett Jr. , an African American actor, as Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in the 1983 TV miniseries Sadat . Also, some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she

1380-444: A life in pictures (2014) examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s. Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list. Christopher Robé has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article, "Taking Hollywood Back" in the 2009 issue of Cinema Journal . Roger Ebert defended The Hurricane and distortions in biographical films in general, stating "those who seek

1472-423: A nuanced portrayal of South Asian matrimonial decision-making. In the 2022 movie What’s Love Got to Do With It , the heavy involvement of parents within matrimonial decision-making is prominently displayed. The film revolves around an English man who, feeling pressured, decides to enter into an arranged marriage to fulfill his parents' expectations. Another example of arranged marriages within film and television

1564-420: A rating of three and a half out of five stars and wrote " Gangubai Kathiawadi 's camera work, background score and dialogues are the three pillars that take it from being just another gutsy biopic to a film that creates a massive impact. Gangubai is a solid risk for both Bhansali and Alia. A risk that pays off beautifully for both the director and his muse". Prathap Nair of Firstpost gave a rating of three and

1656-460: A rating of three and a half out of five stars and wrote "With whatever is packed into this drama, there are enough moments that will draw you into this world where nights seem endless and the lights never fade." Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave the film a rating of three and a half out of five stars and wrote "The visually sumptuous character study, more baroque than 1950s Bombay, is at once sweeping and intimate". Tushar Joshi of India Today gave

1748-405: A speech at a feminist meeting held at Azad Maidan . In her speech, Gangubai highlights misogynistic societal viewpoints against her community, which label prostitutes as immoral and deprive their children of basic human rights. After her speech becomes popular, Hamid arranges a meeting with a local politician seeking her support in the upcoming elections . Since the school has filed a PIL with

1840-1009: Is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican American . Because the figures portrayed are actual people, whose actions and characteristics are known to the public (or at least historically documented), biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses. Warren Beatty , Faye Dunaway , Ben Kingsley , Johnny Depp , Jim Carrey , Jamie Foxx , Robert Downey Jr. , Brad Pitt , Emma Thompson , Tom Hanks , Eddie Redmayne , and Cillian Murphy all gained new-found respect as dramatic actors after starring in biopics: Beatty and Dunaway as Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker in Bonnie and Clyde (1967), Kingsley as Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi (1982), Depp as Ed Wood in Ed Wood (1994), Carrey as Andy Kaufman in Man on

1932-443: Is about proving to herself and not to the world what she can do, feels Sukanya Verma". Sanjana Jadhav of Pinkvilla gave the film a rating of three and a half out of five stars and wrote "Alia Bhatt and the cast performances, Bhansali's visuals and a sneak peek into this brutal world makes it a definite watch". Devesh Sharma of Filmfare gave the film a rating of three and a half out of five stars and wrote "SLB has again given us

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2024-410: Is easily Bhansali at his best as he has been able to marry craft with content; here, he attempts a Pakeezah for the millennials and almost succeeds". Sonia Dedhia of News18 wrote "Alia Bhatt practically disappears into the character of Gangubai Kathiawadi. There's a hard-to-miss intensity in her eyes, and tenacity in her voice". The Guardian featured Alia Bhatt's portrayal in their listing of

2116-516: Is impressed with her confidence. Declaring her to be his sister, Rahim brutally beats Shaukat when he reappears at the brothel, causing Gangu to earn the adoration of fellow prostitutes. Nine years later, Gangu becomes the brothel's madame after Sheela's death. Henceforth, she is referred to as Gangubai, and goes on to become a powerful figure in Kamathipura , the red-light district of Bombay . In 1962, 14-year-old Madhu from Ratnagiri District

2208-484: Is interest from both sides, the matchmaker passes the word to them. If the families are unfamiliar with each other or live in areas far apart, they will frequently launch inquiries through their social and kin networks, attempting to gather as much independent information as possible about the prospective partner. Since urban Indian nuclear families often lack these extensive networks, many private detective agencies have begun to offer "matrimonial investigation services" since

2300-507: Is now streaming on Netflix from 26 April 2022. In June 2022, the film became the most-watched Indian film on Netflix . Gangubai Kathiawadi earned ₹ 10.50 crore (US$ 1.3 million) at the domestic box office on its opening day. On the second day, the film collected ₹ 13.32 crore (US$ 1.6 million). On the third day, the film collected ₹ 15.30 crore (US$ 1.8 million), taking total domestic weekend collection to ₹ 39.12 crore (US$ 4.7 million). As of 14 April 2022,

2392-478: Is playing a cameo joined sets on 27 February 2021. The film was wrapped up on 26 June 2021. The film score is composed by brothers Sanchit Balhara and Ankit Balhara , while the songs featured in the film are composed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali with lyrics written by A. M. Turaz , Kumaar and Bhojak Ashok "Anjam". The Hindi version of the chours singer includes Tarannum Jain, Dipti Rege, Aditi Pradhudesai, Aditi Paul, Kalpana, Ruchna, Pragti. The Telugu version of

2484-458: Is related to the loosening of traditional clan-bonds in India. Where potential spouses for sons and daughters were once identified through family and social relationships, they are increasingly being solicited through advertising because many urban parents no longer have the social reach that was a given before the rise of nuclear families in India. With the advent of the internet , this has led to

2576-579: Is sold into prostitution at a brothel in Kamathipura. Unable to force her into becoming a sex worker , procurer Rashmibai requests Gangubai to persuade her. Gangubai meets Madhu and shares her story, eventually sending her back. Gangubai decides to stand as a candidate in the presidential elections of Kamathipura against the incumbent, a ruthless hijra named Raziabai, who has won unopposed the last two years. With Rahim's help, Gangubai arranges illegal alcohol sales from her brothel to raise money and improve

2668-494: Is the 2020 reality television series, Indian Matchmaking . The show’s main character is Sima Taparia, an Indian marriage consultant/matchmaker. Sima, fondly called Sima Aunty, collects information on individuals through a biodata sheet and creates matches accordingly. Within Indian Matchmaking, all contestants are interviewed with their parents. Parents often provide feedback on their child’s match. The show stresses

2760-472: The 68th Filmfare Awards , the film received a leading 17 nominations and won a leading 11 awards, including Best Film , Best Director (Bhansali), and Best Actress (Bhatt). In 1956, 16-year-old Ganga Jagjivandas Kathiawadi , born into an affluent family to a Gujrati barrister in Kathiawad , aspires to become a Bollywood actress and runs away from home with her older boyfriend Ramnik who promises her

2852-645: The College of Staten Island and Dennis P. Bingham of Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis . Custen, in Bio/Pics: How Hollywood Constructed Public History (1992), regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era , and in particular, Darryl F. Zanuck . On the other hand, Bingham's 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre shows how it perpetuates as

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2944-709: The Hindi cinema debut of television personality Shantanu Maheshwari , who portrays Gangubai's boyfriend Afsaan. and TV actor Varun Kapoor to debut as the grey role of Ramnik Lala. Filming began in February 2019. Production was put on hold in March 2020 due to the lockdown ordered by the Indian government owing to the COVID-19 pandemic , when the film was 70% complete. Bhatt resumed work on 6 October 2020, and Ajay Devgn who

3036-608: The Supreme Court , Gangubai is assured a meeting with the Prime Minister , in New Delhi . Gangubai requests the legalization of prostitution in the country, claiming her neighbourhood is constantly discriminated against and is on the edge of homelessness. The Prime Minister agrees to set up a committee to investigate the status of prostitution in the country and block the brothels in Kamathipura from being vacated. With

3128-441: The 1980s, which investigate the personal and professional histories of a prospective spouse for a fee. Once there is mutual agreement between the prospective bride and groom that they would like to marry, and no red flags have emerged about either party in the inquiries conducted formally or informally, the other prospective spouses are declined and their photographs and other documents returned. Families usually attempt to maintain

3220-601: The COVID-19 pandemic. It was then scheduled for worldwide release in theatres on 6 January 2022 but to avoid clash with S. S. Rajamouli's RRR , which would also get postponed due to Omicron variant of Covid-19 , the release has been changed to 18 February. Later, the date was pushed back by a week to release on 25 February 2022. The film was released in Hindi along with the Telugu-language dubbed version. The film

3312-469: The Indian subcontinent Arranged marriage is a tradition in the societies of the Indian subcontinent , and continues to account for an overwhelming majority of marriages in the Indian subcontinent . Despite the fact that romantic love is "wholly celebrated" in both Indian mass media (such as Bollywood ) and folklore, and the arranged marriage tradition lacks any official legal recognition or support,

3404-400: The Indian subcontinent was consistent with similar developments elsewhere, such as Indonesia , various Muslim regions and South Pacific societies. Commentators on both Hindu and European Jewish communities (where early arranged marriages had also gained prevalence) have hypothesized that the system may have emerged because "the answer to the raging hormones associated with teenage sexuality

3496-407: The Indian subcontinent. The marriage process usually begins with a realization in the family that a child is old enough to marry. For a girl, it is during her graduation or early twenties; for a boy, it is after he is 'settled', with a decent job and consistent earnings. The initiation can occur when a parent or a relative (such as an aunt or an elder sister or sister-in-law) initiates a conversation on

3588-794: The Moon (1999), Downey as Charlie Chaplin in Chaplin (1992) and as Lewis Strauss in Oppenheimer (2023), Foxx as Ray Charles in Ray (2004), Thompson and Hanks as P. L. Travers and Walt Disney in Saving Mr. Banks (2013), Redmayne as Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything (2014), and Murphy as J. Robert Oppenheimer in Oppenheimer (2023). Some biopics purposely stretch

3680-416: The area over concerns of negative influences while a local builder wants to demolish the brothels to construct skyscrapers on their land. Gangubai protests, stating the prostitutes of Kamathipura will be homeless if evicted, and Rahim intimidates the builder's agent. Gangubai visits the school principal to get the children from her brothel admitted into the school, paying their fees for five years and suggesting

3772-453: The best Bollywood movies of 2022. Scroll staff listed it as one of 2022’s best and most memorable releases in cinemas and on streaming platforms across different languages. Meenakshi Shedde of Mid-Day listed it as one of the top twenty best all-India films of 2022. Gangubai Kathiawadi is credited as one of the films which has revived the movie business post COVID-19 pandemic . It is considered as an ice-breaker for Bollywood since it

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3864-463: The best big-screen performances of all time. Wendy Ide of Screen Daily named Bhatt's performance in the film as the best performance of the year 2022. Mark Kermode of The Guardian listed Bhatt's performance in the film as one of the ten best performances of 2022. Subhash K. Jha of Times of India listed Bhatt's performance in the film among the top five acclaimed female performances of 2022. Sukanya Verma of Rediff listed Bhatt as one of

3956-431: The best films of 2022. Deepa Gahlot of Rediff listed it as one of her top movies of 2022. Aparita Bhandari of Paste listed it as one of the ten best Bollywood movies of 2022. Times of India listed it as one of the best Bollywood films of 2022. The Financial Express listed it as one of the highly acclaimed content-driven films of 2022. Corinne Sullivan and Jasmine Ting of Cosmopolitan listed it as one of

4048-528: The best marriage is a combination of both arranged marriage and love marriage as both have negative and positive characteristics. It is increasingly common in India for a couple that has met by themselves and are involved romantically to go through the process of an arranged marriage with that specific partner in mind. Since arranged marriages result in a deep meshing and unification of extended families and are believed to contribute to marital stability, many couples orchestrate their marriages with each other through

4140-451: The brother of a deceased man is obligated to marry his widow) also became customary in some regions for all religious groups, partially to ensure that clan alliances and clan ownership of land rights remained intact even if the husband died. With the expanding social reform and female emancipation that accompanied economic and literacy growth after independence, many commentators predicted the gradual demise of arranged marriages in India, and

4232-600: The chours singer includes Sahithi Komanduri, P. Sathya Yamini, Harini Ivaturi, Aswhini Chepuri, V. Pavani. Gangubai Kathiawadi had its premiere on 16 February 2022 at 72nd Berlin International Film Festival , at the Berlinale Speciale Gala Section. The film was released in cinemas on 25 February 2022. Earlier, the film was scheduled for release on 30 July 2021 but it was postponed due to the rising cases and second wave of

4324-462: The domestic box office and ₹ 209.77 crore (US$ 25 million) globally, emerging as a commercial success. Numerous publications listed Gangubai Kathiawadi and Bhatt's performance in the film on various year-end best films and performances lists of 2022. The film has received various accolades . At the 69th National Film Awards , Gangubai Kathiawadi won 5 awards, including Best Actress (Bhatt) and Best Screenplay (Bhansali and Vashishtha). At

4416-427: The elections and starts advocating for the civil rights of prostitutes. While in office, she gets to call her family for the first time in twelve years and finds out her father has died and her family has not forgiven her for running away. After a grand Navaratri celebration and a voluntary business refrain, Rahim informs Gangubai that a nearby Catholic girls' school has started a campaign to evict prostitutes from

4508-412: The families are enthusiastic about a potential match, it is customary for the prospective groom's family to visit the prospective bride's family. It is traditional for the man's family to arrive (with the man) and be seated with the entire woman's family except the woman, who then makes a dramatic entrance dressed in fine clothes, often bringing tea and refreshments. This practice is sometimes called "seeing

4600-423: The family as a whole. Respondents believed arranged marriages brought happiness to parents, strengthened women's ties with their natal families, upheld honor, and preserved caste cultures and traditions. While most respondents believed intercaste marriages should be accepted, many were troubled by how they could harm the quality of intergenerational relationships and damage caste-based customs. Allendorf concluded that

4692-468: The film a rating of four and a half out of five stars and wrote "Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Gangubai Kathiawadi starring Alia Bhatt, Ajay Devgn and others is an absolute crowd-puller. Mugdha Kapoor Safaya of DNA India gave the film a rating of four out of five stars and wrote "The film's narrative is such that you will empathise with Gangu, root for her and cheer for her with every small victory, but never pity her." Jagadish Angadi of Deccan Herald gave

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4784-466: The film a rating of four out of five stars and wrote "Alia Bhatt as Gangubai is exceptionally brilliant. The linear storytelling effectively highlights multiple conflicts of Gangubai. Wendy Ide of The Observer gave the film a rating of four out of five stars and wrote "The hard-hitting story of a sex worker who rises through the ranks of 60s gangland Mumbai is powered by a magnetic performance from Alia Bhatt". Ronak Kotecha of The Times of India gave

4876-429: The film as one of the best Indian film performances of 2022. Man's World staff listed Bhatt's performance in the film as one of the best Bollywood female performances of 2022. Subhash K. Jha of Firstpost crowned Gangubai Kathiawadi as the best Hindi film of 2022. Anupama Chopra of Film Companion ranked it as the third best Indian film of 2022. Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express listed it as one of

4968-439: The film grossed ₹ 153.69 crore (US$ 18 million) in India and ₹ 55.56 crore (US$ 6.7 million) overseas, for a worldwide gross collection of ₹ 209.25 crore (US$ 25 million), recovering its budget and emerging as a commercial success. The film grossed over ₹ 209.77 crore (US$ 25 million) worldwide, becoming the fifth highest grossing Hindi films of 2022 . Bollywood Hungama and Box Office India stated that

5060-461: The film's box-office verdict of a "hit". Gangubai Kathiawadi received critical acclaim with major praise directed towards the performances (particularly Bhatt, Raaz, Maheshwari, Devgn and Pahwa), music, production design, cinematography, storyline and Bhansali's direction. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 91% based on 22 reviews and an average rating of 7/10. Sushri Sahu of Mashable gave

5152-429: The girl" and has been attacked by some Indian and Pakistani feminists as a classic instance of gender-bias and the objectification of women. During this visit, the man and woman are often encouraged to meet and talk by themselves in a separate room. The families usually part after this initial meeting without any commitment made by either side and with the expectation that they will confer separately and send word through

5244-428: The great modern city of Bombay/Mumbai rather than in the courtly world of the then Hindustan, just as Meena Kumari was a heroine of the post-Independence cinema, the way Alia Bhatt is of today’s post-Bollywood". Outlook magazine called Gangubai Kathiawadi a modern-day classic and credited it for setting the stage for a shift in audience's taste. Biographical film Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of

5336-489: The hall and indicate her choice by garlanding the man she wanted to marry. Sometimes the father of the bride would arrange for a competition among the suitors, such as a feat of strength, to help in the selection process. Another variant was the Gandharva marriage , which involved simple mutual consent between a man and a woman based on mutual attraction and no rituals or witnesses. The marriage of Dushyanta and Shakuntala

5428-457: The help of a male actor to get audiences to cinemas. Alia, on the other hand, stands out and she doesn't need any hero's support. Without a male actor, she has managed to deliver a film that's all set to enter the ₹ 100 crore club and that speaks volumes’’. Additionally, Bollywood Hungama further noted that, there's a belief that the cinema-going audience primarily consists of males. As a result, testosterone-driven films aimed at men would have

5520-465: The implementation of their right to education as a better way to abolish sex trade than forceful eviction. The girls are enrolled in front of sympathetic newspaper journalist Hamid but are thrown out on their first day. Hamid decides to publish Gangubai's interview regarding the campaign in his newspaper to support her cause. Meanwhile, her friend Kamli dies after giving birth, and Gangubai takes in her child, Pammi. Hamid arranges for Gangubai to deliver

5612-549: The inexorable rise of so-called " love marriages " (i.e. where the initial contact with potential spouses does not involve the parents or family members). That has not yet come to pass and the institution proved to be " remarkably resilient " in the Indian social context, though it has undergone radical change. Commonly in urban areas and increasingly in rural parts, parents now arrange for marriage-ready sons and daughters to meet with multiple potential spouses with an accepted right of refusal. These arranged marriages are effectively

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5704-452: The institution has proved to be "surprisingly robust" in adapting to changed social circumstances and has defied predictions of decline as India modernized. Arranged marriages are believed to have initially risen to prominence in the Indian subcontinent when the historical Vedic religion gradually gave way to classical Hinduism (the c.  500 BCE period), substantially displacing other alternatives that were once more prominent. In

5796-441: The living standards of the prostitutes. After Raziabai's failed attempt at arresting Gangubai, she broadcasts free movies in her neighbourhood, attracting Raziabai's supporters. Furthermore, she arranges a marriage between Roshni, the virgin daughter of fellow prostitute Kusum, and Afsaan, a Muslim tailor with whom she had a brief romance, by paying their dowry and throwing a grand celebration, gaining further support. Gangubai wins

5888-449: The local barber (or nai ) was a frequent go-between. To avoid social embarrassments, complete secrecy is often maintained for any marriage discussions. If no good matchmaker is accessible to the family, the family may resort to matrimonial advertising in newspapers or matrimonial websites. The family expresses their criteria for a good match to the matchmaker, which is usually heavily influenced by family considerations but also includes

5980-601: The lowest divorce rate in the world at just 0.1 divorces per 1000 people. In contrast, the divorce rate in the United States was significantly higher, at 2.5 per 1000. The Indian figure, however, appears to be rising. Opinion is mixed on the implications of this change: "for traditionalists the rising numbers portend the breakdown of society while, for some modernists, they speak of a healthy new empowerment for women." The modern-day arranged marriage phenomenon has found its way into Western media and pop culture, providing

6072-423: The matchmaker should they be interested in pursuing matters. These meetings are understood to be non-exclusive, i.e., both the man and woman are expected to similarly meet with other potential partners at this stage. There is an expectation of total confidentiality. Families do not usually disclose who else is being considered for their son/daughter and expect reciprocal confidentiality from the other party. If there

6164-452: The order being granted, the brothels of Kamathipura are prevented from being evicted, and Gangubai is widely celebrated in her area for her influence and social activism . The news about an adaptation of one of the chapters of Hussain Zaidi 's book Mafia Queens of Mumbai first came out in June 2017 with Priyanka Chopra attached to star as the leading character . The film's earlier title

6256-399: The parents." During this ceremonial practice, individuals seeking to marry seek the approval of their intended spouse from their parents. While not exclusive to South Asian cultures, within the context of South Asian matchmaking, parental opinions carry considerable weight in the decision-making process for the marrying individuals. Arranged marriages vary widely by region and community across

6348-404: The period between their engagement and their wedding. In more conservative rural areas, a period of greater freedom in interaction, or even romantic courtship, between the man and woman follows. Though dating may not be socially permissible, nonetheless the couple may talk over the phone. In India, marriage is thought to be for life, and the divorce rate is extremely low. In 2021, India recorded

6440-426: The personal preferences of the son/daughter. These considerations vary but can include Matrimonial websites frequently use some of these factors to enable prospective matches. The matchmaker identifies a set of potential matches and, based on mutual agreement between families, it is customary for an exchange of photographs and some documentation of the factors being considered (for instance, astrological charts or

6532-406: The potential partner’s caste is close to one’s own, the matrimony is deemed as acceptable. However, marriage to someone of a substantially lower caste remains an unfeasible option. As marital schemas have begun to change, a new designation of South Asian marriage has been established. The term “love marriage” is used to describe a marriage between two individuals without their families’ approval. In

6624-503: The process of identifying suitable candidates. This is usually done via an intermediary matchmaker who has a social reputation for maintaining discretion and brokering successful weddings. The sponsor approaches the matchmaker with a photograph and the child's horoscope. The matchmaker is often an elderly socialite who is liked and widely connected to many families. In some regions, specific professions are associated with matchmaking. For instance, in many parts of North India and Pakistan,

6716-655: The processes of an arranged marriage. These marriages are often referred to as "self-arranged marriages" or "love-arranged marriages" in India. The emerging trend of "self-arranged marriages" in South Asia represents a fusion of both arranged and love marriage dynamics, reflecting the enduring societal pressures to formalize family unions through matrimonial processes. In this contemporary approach, couples may independently initiate their connection but opt for an arranged marriage framework to meet societal expectations and uphold family honor. Research conducted by Parul Bhandari on

6808-623: The result of a wide search by both the girl's family and the boy's family. Child marriages are also in steady decline and deemed unlawful in India (with legal age of marriage at 21 years for men and 18 years for women), so the term "arranged marriage" now increasingly refers to marriages between consenting adults well past the age of sexual maturity. Due to this, a strong distinction is now drawn by sociologists and policymakers between arranged marriages (which involve consenting adults that have choice and unhindered rights of refusal) and forced marriages . Another significant trend in arranged marriages

6900-678: The rise of matchmaking websites such as shaadi.com ( shaadi is the Hindustani word for wedding), which claims to be the largest matrimonial service in the world. Shaadi.com, often perceived as a platform facilitating modern-day Indian arranged marriages, reflects the persistence of endogamy in this cultural context Endogamy is the practice of marrying within one’s own social group, or as it pertains to India, within one’s own caste. Caste-based endogamy typically involves rejecting members of other castes due to inequality (either superior or inferior in nature). Although Shaadi.com functions much like

6992-408: The role of families in modern South Asian marriages reveals that while parents may not necessarily control their children's romantic relationships, they wield a significant influence over the outcomes of these relationships. Bhandari's findings suggest that self-arranged marriages in present-day South Asia involve substantial parental involvement, notably through traditions such as the ritual of "meeting

7084-618: The system they advocated (sometimes called Manuvad ), women were stripped of their traditional independence and placed permanently in male custodianship: first of their fathers in childhood, then of their husbands through married life, and finally of their sons in old age. It is also speculated that parental control of marriage may have emerged during this period as a mechanism to prevent the intermixing of ethnic groups and castes. Early marriage, in which girls were married before they reached puberty also became prevalent, though not universal, over time. This emergence of early arranged marriages in

7176-445: The title role, alongside Shantanu Maheshwari , Vijay Raaz , Indira Tiwari , Seema Pahwa , Jim Sarbh and Ajay Devgn . Gangubai Kathiawadi premiered at the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival on 16 February 2022, and was released in theatres on 25 February 2022. It received widespread critical acclaim for its themes, direction, production value and Bhatt's performance. The film grossed ₹ 153.69 crore (US$ 18 million) at

7268-435: The top female performers of 2022. Sanyukta Thakare of Mashable listed Bhatt as one of the top female performers of the year. Santanu Das of Hindustan Times listed Bhatt's performance in the film as one of the best Indian film performances of 2022. Sakshi of News24 listed Bhatt's performance in the film as one of the best Indian film performances of 2022. Ananya Jain of Indiatimes listed Bhatt's performance in

7360-411: The topic or the son/daughter approaches the parent/relative and expresses the desire to be married. This relative effectively acts as a sponsor, taking responsibility to get the boy/girl married to a good partner. If the son/daughter has an identified love interest, the sponsor often takes it upon themselves to try to orchestrate a match with that individual. If no such person exists, the sponsor begins

7452-472: The truth about a man from the film of his life might as well seek it from his loving grandmother. ... The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable ." Casting can be controversial for biographical films. Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray the characteristics of the person. Anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of

7544-474: The truth. Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris ' widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name, in which he claimed to be a CIA agent. Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction. The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized. The Oliver Stone film The Doors , mainly about Jim Morrison ,

7636-416: The twenty best Bollywood movies of 2022. Allan Hunter of Screen Daily listed it as one of the ten best films of 2022. Siddhant Adlakha of Vulture listed it as one of the five best Indian films of 2022. Shomini Sen of WION listed it as one of the best Hindi films of 2022. Anuj Kumar of The Hindu listed it as one of the best Hindi films of 2022. Nidhi Gupta of Vogue India listed it as one of

7728-683: The two families. Where specific alliances were socially preferred, often an informal right of first refusal was presumed to exist. For instance, marriages between cousins is permissible in Islam (though not in most Hindu communities), and the girl's mother's sister (or khala ) was considered to have the first right ( pehla haq ) to "claim" the girl as for her son (the khalazad bhai ). Systems such as watta satta (exchange marriages, which occur in rural Punjab ) evolved where two families unite by exchanging women in two brother-sister pairs through marriage. As with other cultures, levirate marriages (where

7820-415: The urban culture of modern India, the differentiation between arranged and love marriages is increasingly seen as a " false dichotomy " with the emergence of phenomena such as "self-arranged marriages" and free-choice on the part of the prospective spouses. The Indian subcontinent has historically been home to a wide variety of wedding systems. Some were unique to the region, such as Swayamvara (which

7912-517: The value of parental consent and approval within South Asian arranged marriages. As detailed by Radhika Raghav in her analytical review of Indian Matchmaking , Sima Aunty arranges “marriages… between two families and not individuals”. Raghav's interpretation underscores Sima Taparia's role in navigating the expectations of modern millennials alongside the deeply rooted beliefs of their parents, representing two distinct perspectives. The show provides

8004-572: Was Heera Mandi . In March 2019, Chopra confirmed that she was working on a project with Bhansali, who also confirmed that he was making Gangubai Kathiawadi with Chopra. However, in September 2019, media reported that Alia Bhatt , who was supposed to do a different film, titled Inshallah , by Bhansali was going to replace Chopra after Inshallah got shelved. Principal photography begun in Film City , Mumbai on 27 December 2019. The film marks

8096-564: Was an example of this marriage. As the Vedic religion evolved into classical orthodox Hinduism (ca. 500BC), the social ideas advanced by Manu gained prominence, and large sections of Indian society moved towards patriarchy and caste -based rules. Manu and others attacked the Gandharva and other similar systems, decrying them as holdouts " from the time of promiscuity " which, at best, were only suitable for small sections of society. Under

8188-408: Was early, arranged marriage." With kinship groups being viewed a primary unit to which social loyalty was owed by individuals, marriage became an affair deeply impacting the entire family for Indian Hindus and Muslims alike and key to "the formation or maintenance of family alliances." Sometimes, these arrangements were made at the birth of the future husband and wife with promises exchanged between

8280-1103: Was highly praised for the similarities between Jim Morrison and actor Val Kilmer , look-wise and singing-wise, but fans and band members did not like the way Val Kilmer portrayed Jim Morrison, and a few of the scenes were even completely made up. In rare cases, sometimes called auto biopics , the subject of the film plays themself. Examples include Jackie Robinson in The Jackie Robinson Story (1950), Muhammad Ali in The Greatest (1977), Audie Murphy in To Hell and Back (1955), Patty Duke in Call Me Anna (1990), Bob Mathias in The Bob Mathias Story (1954), Arlo Guthrie in Alice's Restaurant (1969), Fantasia in Life Is Not

8372-447: Was rooted in the historical Vedic religion and had a strong hold in popular culture because it was the procedure used by Rama and Sita ). In a swayamvara , the girl's parents broadcast the intent of the girl to marry and invited all interested men to be present in a wedding hall on a specific date and time. The girl, who was also often given some prior knowledge about the man or was aware of their general reputation, would circulate

8464-405: Was the among few Hindi film to pull audiences back to the cinema halls after the pandemic. Bollywood Hungama noted that Gangubai Kathiawadi's commercial performance has given the much-needed hope to the industry that the box-office in the near future would fire up even more. They also noted Bhatt's ability to shoulder a film on her own and stated, ‘‘Actresses often are not able to do so and need

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