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51-483: Garowe is situated in the Nugaal Valley, bounded by gradually ascending high plateaus that generally reach elevations of 500 to 1,000 metres (1,600 to 3,300 feet) above sea level on the north, west, and south. The western part of the same plateau is crossed by numerous valleys and dry watercourses. Raising livestock forms the basis of the economy, and frankincense and myrrh are collected from the wild trees. During

102-488: A hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ). As such, the weather is generally hot, sunny and dry. Coldest average temperatures occur during the months of November to February, when thermometer readings range from 23 to 25 °C (73.4 to 77.0 °F). The weather slowly heats up in the spring, as the April rainy season begins. Average temperatures later reach a maximum of around 41 °C or 105.8 °F over

153-562: A UNODC delegation. A multi-tiered security complex, the compound features classrooms, staff quarters and offices. A new bureau for the Puntland Ministry of Justice and Rehabilitation was also opened. Additionally, the officials laid down the foundation for a new prison facility that is being constructed in the city. They later did the same in January 2013 for a new Ministry of Civil Aviation and Airports office. The area also features

204-485: A board of directors, which consists of religious scholars ( ulema ), businesspeople, intellectuals and traditional elders. Garowe is served by one major medical institution, Garowe Regional Hospital, in addition to numerous smaller health clinics. In 2008, the foundations were laid for the construction of a new general hospital, built with assistance from the Somali Manhal agency. Additionally, in conjunction with

255-691: A conference of all notablels of the sultanate in Bargal , In 7. April 1889 in Alula, Somalia , Boqor Osman entered into a treaty with Italy, making his kingdom a protectorate known as Italian Somaliland . In the years following the treaty the protectorate was however rather nominal due to Italian warships tasked with maintaining contact with the sultan visiting so rarely & irregularly. Piracy, looting of crashed steamships, weapons trade & slave trade could be carried out with almost no consequences. His second cousin and rival Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid had signed

306-536: A construction project that was implemented by the municipal authorities. According to the Nugal province Governor Abdullahi Aw-Isse, the highway links the city's eastern neighborhoods with the downtown area, and aims to buttress the ongoing local infrastructure and commercial development initiatives. It is the eighth bitumen road completed in the town since 2014, with the Garowe municipality aiming to convert to asphalt all of

357-538: A contract to build a new airport in Garowe. The construction project was organized by the Puntland aviation and finance ministries, with the Kuwait Fund providing assistance. Four companies were reportedly awarded the contract, with the tender winner(s) scheduled to be officially announced in April of the year. Mire Aware Stadium is sporting facility with a crowd capacity of over 15,000 spectators. In 2010, hosted

408-551: A key role in research and funding for the development of peace and effective governance initiatives in Puntland. Additionally, the Puntland Agency For Social Welfare (PASWE) is headquartered here. Founded in May 2009 by the regional administration, it provides medical, educational and counseling support to vulnerable groups and individuals such as orphans, the disabled and the blind. PASWE is overseen by

459-509: A new office in Garowe. The firm provides Sharia compliant insurance for real estate properties and vehicles. In April 2013, the Puntland Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources officially inaugurated a new fish market in Garowe. Constructed in conjunction with the UK authorities and the UNDP, it is part of a larger regional development plan which will see two other similar marketplaces launched within

510-411: A number of castles and forts in various areas within its realm, including a fortress at Murcanyo . The Majeerteen Sultanate's ruler, however, commanded more power than was typical of other Somali leaders during the period. As the primus inter pares , Boqor Osman taxed the harvest of aromatic trees and pearl fishing along the seaboard. He retained prior rights on goods obtained from ship wrecks on

561-483: A number of academic institutions and facilities. According to the Puntland Ministry of Education, there are 30 primary schools in the Garowe District. Among these are Al Xikma, Mayle, Wabari and Darwiish, named after Diiriye Guure 's Dervish State . Secondary schools in the area include Alwaha, Gambol, Nawawi and Nugal High. Puntland State University 's main campus is also located here. The school grew out of

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612-542: A similar agreement vis-a-vis his own Sultanate of Hobyo the year before. Both Boqor Osman and Sultan Kenadid had entered into the protectorate treaties to advance their own expansionist goals, with Sultan Kenadid looking to use Italy's support in his ongoing power struggle with Boqor Osman over the Majeerteen Sultanate, as well as in a separate conflict with the Omani Sultan of Zanzibar over an area to

663-454: A strong centralized authority during its existence, and possessed all of the organs and trappings of an integrated modern state: a functioning bureaucracy, a hereditary nobility, titled aristocrats, a state flag, as well as a professional army. Both sultanates also maintained written records of their activities, which still exist. The Majeerteen Sultanate's main capital was at Alula , with its seasonal headquarters at Bargal . It likewise had

714-459: Is a large kingdom, and it extends over the Cape of Guardafuy, and there in that part another rules subject to Adel. It was a semi-nomadic Sultanate that appeared to have a strong seafaring tradition along the costal settlements. The sultanate rose to prominence during the 19th century, under the reign of the shrewd and resourceful Boqor (King) Osman Mahamuud . Due to consistent ship crashes along

765-524: Is among the seven cities and towns earmarked for the reforestation initiative, which also include Bosaso , Dhahar , Qardho , Buuhoodle , Baran and Galkayo . The campaign is part of a broader partnership between the Puntland authorities and EU to set up various environmental protection measures in the region, with the aim of promoting reforestation and afforestation. In April 2015, the Takaful Insurance Company officially launched

816-402: Is currently led by Ahmed Said Musse (Ahmedbarre) . He was elected by city councilors on August 29, 2018 On November 19, 2012, a ceremony was held in one of Garowe's government districts to mark the opening of the new local Corrections Academy and Headquarters. The event was inaugurated by former Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamud Farole and Vice President Abdisamad Ali Shire , along with

867-567: Is traversed by a 750 km north–south highway. It connects major cities in the northern part of the country, such as Bosaso and Galkayo, with towns in the south. In 2012, the Puntland Highway Authority (PHA) completed rehabilitation work on the central artery linking Garowe with Galkayo. The transportation body also began an upgrade and repair project in June 2012 on the large Garowe–Bosaso Highway . Additionally, plans are in

918-542: The 19th century, Garowe and much of northeastern Somalia were an integral part of the Majeerteen Sultanate , ruled by Boqor Osman Mahamud , and Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid of the Sultanate of Hobyo . The city would later be incorporated into Italian Somaliland during the colonial period. Following independence, Garowe was made a district center of Nugaal . The city would subsequently be reassigned in

969-598: The Garowe School of Management, a women's college in Garowe offering courses in business management, accounting, computer skills and business English. Following the graduation of 60 pupils in its inaugural year, the school was expanded to observe a two-year structure and renamed the Puntland Community College (PCC). In 2004, the PCC again expanded its syllabus, this time offering four-year programs; it

1020-457: The Italian government, the Puntland authorities opened another hospital in the city. In 2009, a local non-profit organization also established the region's first mental health facility. In June 2014, the Puntland government launched a new tree-planting campaign in the state, with the regional Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism slated to plant 25,000 trees by the end of the year. Garowe

1071-456: The King's instructions. The latter included tax collection, which typically came in the form of the obligatory Muslim alms ( seko or sako ) ordinarily tithed by Somalis to the poor and religious clerics ( wadaads ). Established in 1998, the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia now administers much of the former territories of the Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia). Rulers of

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1122-461: The Majeerteen Sultanate's administration. With the gradual extension into northern Somalia of Italian colonial rule, both Kingdoms were eventually annexed in the early 20th century. However, unlike the southern territories, the northern sultanates were not subject to direct rule due to the earlier treaties they had signed with the Italians. The Sultanate of Hobyo, the Majeerteen Sultanate exerted

1173-669: The Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Health buildings, as well as the Puntland State House. A new presidential palace was likewise opened on April 16, 2013. On 8 January 2014, the Puntland presidential elections were held in the city, with former Prime Minister of Somalia Abdiweli Mohamed Ali voted into office. In February 2015, the Garowe Municipality also launched a new house numbering system in

1224-731: The Ministry of Labour, Youth and Sports in conjunction with the European Union and World Vision launched the Nugal Empowerment for Better Livelihood Project in the Garowe, Dangorayo, Eyl, Godobjiran and Burtinle districts of Puntland. The three-year initiative is valued at $ 3 million EUR, and is part of the New Deal Compact for Somalia. It aims buttress the regional economic sector through business support, training and non-formal education programs, community awareness workshops, and mentoring and networking drives. Garowe

1275-489: The Puntland Ministry of Public Works and the Puntland Highway Authority, and local contractors will receive on-the-job training to upgrade their skills. Local air transport needs are served by Garowe International Airport , a major airport situated about 12 km from the city center. It was officially opened in 2010 under the aegis of the Ministry for Civil Aviation and Airports. The first phase of

1326-589: The Somali National Football Tournament, the first nationwide football competition held since 1987 and the ensuing outbreak of the civil war. Organized by the Puntland administration in conjunction with the Somali Football Federation , the tournament also marked the first time that the event was held outside of Mogadishu . Various media organizations are based in Garowe. Puntland TV and Radio has offices in

1377-526: The Sultans conceded to a minimum of oversight and economic concessions. The Italians also agreed to dispatch a few ambassadors to promote both the sultanates' and their own interests. The new protectorates were thereafter managed by Vincenzo Filonardi through a chartered company . An Anglo-Italian border protocol was later signed on 5 May 1894, followed by an agreement in 1906 between Cavalier Pestalozza and General Swaine acknowledging that Baran fell under

1428-540: The administrative capital. The initiative saw unique numerical digits assigned to each residential and commercial street address, as well as to land plots. Additionally, the Garowe Municipality launched a citywide cleaning campaign in March 2015. The government-public partnership is aimed at beautifying and sanitizing the Horsed suburb and other areas in the Puntland regional state's administrative capital. Among other activities,

1479-690: The airport's construction was completed through a public-private partnership over a period of seven years, with the Garowe-based Mubarak construction company having assisted significantly in completing the project. The airport also attempts to adhere to the air transport standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In March 2015, a business meeting was held in Dubai to evaluate tenders from various firms that are bidding for

1530-413: The business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous Puntland State of Somalia was subsequently officially established so as to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with both domestic and international partners. Garowe is situated in northeastern Somalia, in the heart of the Puntland region. Nearby settlements include to

1581-582: The campaign saw residents construct gabions and fill gullies in some areas of the city. The broader Garowe District has an estimated total population of 190,000 residents. The city of Garowe is inhabited by Somalis from the Darod clan, especially, the Majerteen , Leelkase , Dhulbahante , Mehri and Awrtable with a population of Madhibaan living in the city as well. The city also hosts huge number of internally dispalced persons (IDPs). Garowe has

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1632-610: The city's streets. In March 2015, Ali in conjunction with EU Ambassador to Somalia Michele Cervone d’Urso and German Ambassador to Somalia Andreas Peschke also launched the Sustainable Road Maintenance Project. Part of the New Deal Compact for Somalia, the initiative's implementation is facilitated by 17.75 million Euros and 3 million Euros provided by the EU and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), respectively. Among other objectives,

1683-456: The city. Radio Garowe , the sister outlet to Garowe Online , is also centered here. In May 2013, the broadcaster launched an additional FM station in Bosaso. Radio Daljir, Puntland's largest radio station, also has a studio in Garowe, with its main headquarters in Bosaso. The broadcaster's network of 7 FM transmitters reaches most of Puntland as well as part of the neighboring Galmudug region to

1734-524: The coast. The Sultanate also exerted authority over the control of woodland and pastureland, and imposed both land and stock taxes. According to official reports from 1924 commissioned by the Regio Governo della Somalia Italiana, the Majeerteen Sultanate maintained robust commercial activities before the Italian occupation of the following year. The Sultanate reportedly exported 1,056,400 Indian Rupees (IR) worth of commodities, 60% of which came from

1785-599: The domestic front. The Majeerteen Sultanate was established by Somalis from the Majeerteen sub-clan of the Darod clan. The origins of the state can be traced back to the late 15th or early 16th century. Francisco Álvares , a Portuguese missionary and explorer who spent six years at the Portuguese embassy in Abyssinia , wrote about a ruler in the region of Cape Guardafui. The Kingdom of Adel (as they say)

1836-465: The early 1970s as the regional capital of an area consisting of Las Anod and Eyl . Straddling the Nugal Valley , this new administrative division would be named Nugal . Following the outbreak of the civil war in 1991, a homegrown constitutional conference was held in Garowe in 1998 over a period of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders ( Issims ), members of

1887-447: The east Gillab (4.8 nm), to the northeast Qalqalooc (15.3 nm), to the north Libaax Seexay (2.5 nm), to the northwest Geida Debabo (12.2), to the west Bixin (5.9 nm), to the southwest Lugo (6.0 nm), to the south Salaxley (5.3 nm), and to the southeast War Weytan (9.7 nm). The largest cities most proximate to Garowe are Qardho (205 km), Galkayo (216 km) and Erigavo (275 km). Garowe has

1938-686: The local clans and establish the separate Sultanate of Hobyo (Obbia) in 1878. In the late 19th century, all extant Somali monarchs entered into treaties with one of the colonial powers, Abyssinia, Britain or Italy, except for the Dhulbahante , since the Italians considered part of the Dhulbahante subject of the Italian-protected Sultan of the Majeerteen. With the intermediation of Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid & after

1989-555: The new thoroughfare aims to facilitate local transportation and movement. Puntland Minister of Public Works Mohamed Hersi also indicated that the Puntland authorities plan to build and repair other roads linking to the regional urban centers. In March 2015, Puntland President Ali inaugurated additional newly built, paved roads in Garowe. The streets were constructed by a local company through the JPLG program. Puntland President Ali also inaugurated another new two kilometer asphalt road in Garowe,

2040-462: The north of Warsheikh . In signing the agreements, the rulers also hoped to exploit the rival objectives of the European imperial powers so as to more effectively assure the continued independence of their territories. The terms of each treaty specified that Italy was to steer clear of any interference in the sultanates' respective administrations. In return for Italian arms and an annual subsidy,

2091-602: The northeastern Cape Guardafui headland, Boqor Osman's kingdom entered into an informal agreement with Britain , wherein the British agreed to pay the King annual subsidies to protect shipwrecked British crews and guard wrecks against plunder. The agreement, however, remained unratified, as the British feared that doing so would "give other powers a precedent for making agreements with the Somalis, who seemed ready to enter into relations with all comers." Osman Mahamuud's Kingdom

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2142-436: The project aims to renovate the highway between Garowe and Galkayo, including funding refurbishments on the damaged segments of the road and construction of check dams and flood control structures. The initiative also involves a routine annual maintenance program, which focuses on side brushing, clearing bridges after floods, drainage and culvert clearance, and pothole filling. Additionally, the project will offer policy support to

2193-506: The regional Minister of Commerce also expressed support for entrepreneurs with investments earmarked for the petroleum, livestock and agriculture sectors. In October 2014, the firm Tawakal Money Express (Tawakal) also began construction of the four-storey Tawakal Plaza Garowe. The new high rise is slated to be completed by the end of 2015, and will feature a Tawakal Global Bank customer and financial services center, office spaces, multi-purpose rooms, and an upscale shopping mall. In March 2015,

2244-554: The sale of frankincense and other gums. Fish and other sea products sold for a total value of 250,000 IR, roughly equivalent to 20% of the Sultanate's aggregate exports. The remaining export proceeds came from livestock, with the export list of 1924 consisting of 16 items. In addition to a strong civil administration, the Majeerteen Sultanate maintained a regular army. Besides protecting the polity from both external and internal threats, military officials were tasked with carrying out

2295-824: The south. Additionally, Garowe has various places of accommodation. Among these hotels and guest houses is the Meka Hotel, situated downtown. Garowe is subdivided into several administrative areas: In November 2014, the Garowe Municipality announced that it was slated to meet with the Gebze Municipality in Turkey in order to finalize a sister city agreement between Garowe and Gebze . Majeerteen Sultanate The Majeerteen Sultanate ( Somali : Suldanadda Majeerteen , lit.   'Boqortooyada Majerteen', Arabic : سلطنة مجرتين ), or Majerteen Kingdom also known as Majeerteenia and Migiurtinia ,

2346-490: The summer period. Come September, a gradual moderation starts to set in again. Annual rainfall is low, averaging 133 millimetres or 5.2 inches. The sky is usually clear and bright throughout the year. Garowe is the third largest city in Puntland after Bosaso and Galkayo. Situated in the Nugal province in the geographical center of the region, it is the seat of the regional parliament , the presidential palace and government ministries’ headquarters. Garowe's municipal government

2397-605: The works to construct new roads connecting littoral towns in the region to the main thoroughfare. In October 2014, Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali laid down the foundation for a new highway connecting the presidential palace in Garowe with various other parts of the administrative capital. Financing for the project was provided by the Puntland government. According to the Head of the Puntland Highway Authority Mohamud Abdinur Adan,

2448-699: The year in Galkayo and Qardho . In March 2014, the Puntland Chamber of Commerce oversaw a launching event in Garowe for the construction of a new Iftin Bank. The function was attended by Somali business community officials and tycoons, whom the Chamber of Commerce Chairman Saed Hussein Eid encouraged to invest within the region. Highlighting Puntland's commercial potential, its natural resources and large reserves,

2499-486: Was a Somali kingdom centered in the Horn of Africa . Ruled by Boqor Osman Mahamuud during its golden age, the sultanate controlled the areas which are now called Puntland . The earliest mention of the kingdom is the 16th century. The polity had all of the organs of an integrated modern state and maintained a robust trading network. It also entered into treaties with foreign powers and exerted strong centralized authority on

2550-556: Was also renamed to Puntland State University (PSU). Other institutions of higher learning in the city include the Garowe Teachers Education College (GTEC), a primary teachers' training center that caters to the larger region. East Africa University (EAU) also has a Garowe branch, one of its seven campuses in Puntland. A number of NGOs also have their main offices in the city, including the local Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC). The PDRC plays

2601-605: Was under attack in the mid-19th century due to a power struggle between himself and his ambitious cousin, Yusuf Ali Kenadid . After almost five years of battle, the young upstart was terribly defeated and finally forced into exile in Yemen . A decade later, in the 1870s, Kenadid returned from the Arabian Peninsula with a band of Hadhrami musketeers and a group of devoted lieutenants. With their assistance along with aid and weaponry from Boqor Osman, he managed to overpower

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