The Global Esports Federation ( GEF ) is a non-governmental organization that convenes the world's esports (or competitive video gaming ) community. It was established on December 16, 2019, and is headquartered in Singapore , where it is a registered society under the Singapore Registry of Societies.
105-484: The GEF consists of 187 Member Federations and four continental Esports Development Federations (Africa, Europe, Oceania and Pan Am). As of January 2024, there are 11 Commissions and two Councils that guide the work of the federation. The first and current President of the GEF is Chris Chan of Singapore. The CEO is Paul J. Foster. The organization's flagship event is the annual Global Esports Games (GEG), held since 2021. The GEG
210-656: A $ 5 million bond issue to finance the Games with public funds. Denver officially withdrew on 15 November: the IOC then offered the Games to Whistler, British Columbia , Canada, but they too declined due to a change of government following elections. 2022 Commonwealth Games The 2022 Commonwealth Games , officially known as the XXII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Birmingham 2022 , were an international multi-sport event for members of
315-401: A floodplain, a highway, the motorway connecting the city to Lyon, France, and a landfill. They analyzed the chemicals in these areas before and after the Games. Their findings revealed an increase in the number of metals in the topsoil post-Games, and indicated that soil was capable of buffering the effects of many but not all heavy metals. Mercury, lead, and arsenic may have been transferred into
420-603: A medley of " Iron Man " and " Paranoid ". All 72 Commonwealth Games Associations sent athletes to the 2022 Commonwealth Games. The number of athletes from each association is: A new edition of the Commonwealth Games Charter came into effect for these Games. In addition to the ten core sports that were part of Gold Coast 2018 – athletics , badminton , boxing , hockey , lawn bowls , netball (for women), rugby sevens , squash , swimming and weightlifting – five new sports will be integrated into
525-447: A number of famous West Midlands musicians and groups, including Dexys Midnight Runners , UB40 , Panjabi MC , Musical Youth , Goldie , Beverley Knight , Apache Indian , Jorja Smith , The Selecter , and Laura Mvula . The grand finale featured a surprise appearance by Ozzy Osbourne in his first live performance in three years, joined by Tony Iommi and former touring members of Black Sabbath Tommy Clufetos and Adam Wakeman for
630-549: A strip of platinum in observance of the Queen's Platinum Jubilee . It also contains a 360-degree camera , an LED lighting system tied to a heart rate monitor (and displaying different effects when held by two people), and sensors to record environmental conditions—whose data will be analysed by a team at the University of Birmingham following the relay. Laura Nyahuye, who led the team of five artists at Maokwo, stated that
735-591: A total loss of £320m expected. The large losses from the village will compound on the council's existing financial troubles . The A34 flyover in Perry Barr was demolished in favour of a dual carriageway at ground level, cycle path and improved public transport services which were approved by Birmingham City Council in October 2019 under its £27.1 million scheme. The city council announced in January 2020 that
840-651: Is a multi-title esports competition featuring athletes from Member Federations that takes place in December every year. The GEF also organizes the Global Esports Tour (GET) and supports its Member Federations in hosting local esports competitions and regional qualifying events. The GEF is part of the Esports Leadership Group that is chaired by International Olympic Committee Vice President Ser Miang Ng, as well as Chris Chan, President of
945-495: Is in a possibility to be added at the games program at the future editions. The inaugural Commonwealth Esports Championships had separate branding, medals, and organisation and included both men and women's Dota 2 , eFootball , and Rocket League events. The schedule was as follows: On 14 July 2023, the Nigerian team was disqualified as winners of the women's 4x100 metre relay in athletics as Nzubechi Grace Nwokocha
1050-534: Is released into the air from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fluids, contributing to climate change and injuring human health. Secondary pollutants such as CO , NOx , SO2 , benzene , toluene , ethylbenzene , and xylenes ( BTEX ) are also released during construction. For the Beijing Olympics, vehicles not meeting the Euro 1 emission standards were banned, and the odd-even rule was implemented in
1155-609: Is the international, non-governmental , sports governing body of the modern Olympic Games . Founded in 1894 by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas , it is based in Lausanne , Switzerland. The IOC is the authority responsible for organizing the Summer , Winter , and Youth Olympics. The IOC also is the governing body of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and of the worldwide Olympic Movement ,
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#17327754832211260-531: Is the primary method to reduce concentrations of air pollutants, including barring heavy vehicles. Research at the Beijing Olympic Games identified particulate matter – measured in terms of PM10 (the amount of aerodynamic diameter of particle ≤ 10 μm in a given amount of air) – as a top priority. Particulate matter, along with other airborne pollutants, cause both serious health problems, such as asthma , and damage urban ecosystems. Black carbon
1365-830: The Commonwealth of Nations that took place in Birmingham , England between 28 July and 8 August 2022. They were the 22nd edition of the Commonwealth Games. It was the third and seventh time England and the United Kingdom hosted the Commonwealth Games , respectively. 4,822 athletes, including 311 para athletes from 72 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in the event. The event took place at 15 venues across Birmingham, West Midlands and London and featured 19 Commonwealth sports . It
1470-529: The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport . London declined to bid, as it was focusing its efforts on preparing for the World Athletics and Para Athletics Championships . On 27 April 2017, Manchester City Council announced that Manchester would not bid for the Games but could co-host the Games with other English cities. In early September 2017, Birmingham was selected over Liverpool for
1575-592: The Glasgow 2014 . It is set to be the most expensive sporting event in the UK since the 2012 Summer Olympics in London which cost £8.8 billion. The real cost will be published after completion. Over 1.3 million tickets were sold for the 2022 Commonwealth Games, which made the event the most attended Commonwealth Games ever to take place in the United Kingdom . A ticket ballot for local residents opened on 14 July 2021, with
1680-508: The Government of India , the ISSF and WA. The CGF Executive Board approved the proposal at their meeting in London which took place on 21–23 February 2020, and also confirmed that the 2022 Commonwealth Shooting and Archery Championships and the 2022 Commonwealth Games will be two separately organised and funded Commonwealth Sport events. The CGF shall issue a medal table one week following
1785-837: The International Paralympic Committee (IPC), and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The IOC requires cities bidding to host the Olympics to provide a comprehensive strategy to protect the environment in preparation for hosting, and following the conclusion of the Games. The IOC has four major approaches to addressing environmental health concerns. Host cities have concerns about traffic congestion and air pollution, both of which can compromise air quality during and after venue construction. Various air quality improvement measures are undertaken before and after each event. Traffic control
1890-796: The International Telecommunication Union , Peace and Sport and UNESCO , among others. The GEF also has several key partners within the Olympic Movement, including the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF), Pan American Sports Organization (Panam Sports), Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), European Olympic Committees (EOC), South American Sports Organization (ODESUR), and Centro Caribe Sports . International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee ( IOC ; French: Comité international olympique , CIO )
1995-720: The Kraków-Małopolska 2023 European Games with support from the European Olympic Committees (EOC). The 2023 Pan American Esports Championships were held in Santiago, Chile in parallel with the Santiago 2023 Pan American Games in collaboration with Panam Sports . Tencent is a Founding Global Partner of the GEF. The federation also has a list of other strategic partners including an agreement signed with Amazon MGM Studios in January 2024, as well as with
2100-501: The World Archery Federation (WA) confirmed that they had delivered a proposal for archery's inclusion in the Games. The bid was made in partnership with Archery GB and included Aston Hall as a suggested competition venue. In June 2019, after some time of popular searches and queries. Birmingham organising committee recommended the addition of two extra sports: para table tennis and beach volleyball. The proposal
2205-537: The Xinjiang Papers . Detailed frameworks for environmental sustainability were prepared for the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea , and Tokyo , Japan , respectively. In September 2024, the IOC revealed its list of candidates for the presidency, featuring Sebastian Coe , David Lappartient , Kirsty Coventry , and Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs among
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#17327754832212310-558: The "Olympic House" would be inaugurated on 23 June 2019 to coincide with its 125th anniversary. The Olympic Museum remains in Ouchy , Lausanne. Since 2002, the IOC has been involved in several high-profile controversies including taking gifts, its DMCA take down request of the 2008 Tibetan protest videos, Russian doping scandals , and its support of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics despite China's human rights violations documented in
2415-597: The 2022 Commonwealth Games. The fee included the £20 million ($ 28 million) for the Games hosting charges and £5 million ($ 7 million) for the development work in the Commonwealth. In July 2018, British Prime Minister Theresa May appointed John Crabtree as Chair of the BOCCG. In January 2019, Ian Reid was announced as chief executive officer of the BOCCG. On 6 June 2019, the British Government introduced
2520-467: The 2022 Games, which took place between July 28 and August 8, 2022, from March to September 2022. The Queen's baton of the 2022 Commonwealth Games was unveiled 29 September 2021. Designed as a collaboration between Birmingham Open Media, Raymont-Osman Product Design, Maokwo and Kajul, it is constructed using lost-wax casting , 3D Printing, copper plating and CNC machining. It incorporates copper , aluminum , and brass metals symbolising medals, and
2625-537: The 28 IOSFs of Olympic summer sports and the seven IOSFs of Olympic winter sports. The continually increasing value of Olympic broadcasts has enabled the IOC to substantially increase financial support to IOSFs with each successive Games. The seven winter sports IFs shared US$ 85.8 million, €75 million in Salt Lake 2002 broadcast revenue. The IOC contributes Olympic marketing revenue to the programmes of various recognized international sports organizations, including
2730-541: The 4 team sports limit. Respecting local demands, an extra sport or some extra events can be included in this list, but they have to be approved by the Commonwealth Games Federation two years before that edition is held. The current rules also determine gender parity, whereby men and women have an equal (or broadly equal) share of events. On 22 December 2017, the BBC reported that the organisers of
2835-517: The Australian state of Victoria , then host of the 2026 Commonwealth Games prior to its withdrawal nearly a year later before being replaced by Glasgow as the replacement host city, in a segment headlined by Vanessa Amorosi . The ceremony featured tributes to the industrial history of Birmingham, the Windrush generation and Birmingham TV show Peaky Blinders , and included performances from
2940-544: The Beijing administrative area. Air quality improvement measures implemented by the Beijing government included replacing coal with natural gas, suspending construction, imposing strict dust control on construction sites, closing or relocating the polluting industrial plants, building long subway lines, using cleaner fluid in power plants, and reducing the activity by some of the polluting factories. There, levels of primary and secondary pollutants were reduced, and good air quality
3045-620: The Birmingham 2022 closing ceremony that includes results from Chandigarh 2022 as a further and final ranking of competing nations and territories from the respective competitions. In July 2021, the CGF announced that the event had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India . In February 2022, the CGF announced that esports would be included in the Games as a demonstration event and
3150-580: The Commonwealth Games Bill which ensured the prohibition of unauthorised sales of Games tickets, effective flow of transport around Games venues, complete protection of commercial rights, and compliance with financial propriety rules by the government's funding of the BOCCG. The bill received royal assent and was passed into law as the Birmingham Commonwealth Games Act 2020 on 25 June 2020. In June 2020, it
3255-549: The GET was held over two stages in the cities of Dubai and Riyadh. Dubai staged a CS:GO tournament from June 10–11. Riyadh held a Street Fighter V - Champion Edition tournament from July 25–27 during the annual Gamers8 festival. In 2023, the third season of the GET was staged in Riyadh from August 26–27 during Gamers8 festival. Participating pro athletes competed for a US$ 50,000 prize pool in eFootball 2023 . In 2024, Season 4 of
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3360-502: The Games. The bidding process for the 2022 Commonwealth Games was relaunched in March 2017 where English cities Birmingham and Liverpool expressed their interests in hosting the Games. On 14 March 2017, Manchester also expressed an interest in hosting the Games. By April 2017, the British Government asked city councils to submit proposals for hosting the 2022 Games. Only Birmingham and Liverpool submitted official applications to
3465-774: The Global Esports Federation began hosting esports championships at regional and continental Games. The first marquee event, named the Commonwealth Esports Championships, was held at the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games . The South American Esports Championships were held in collaboration with the South American Sports Organization (ODESUR) at the Asuncion 2022 South American Games . The 2023 European Games Esports Championships were held alongside
3570-618: The Global Esports Federation, and HRH Prince Faisal bin Bandar bin Sultan Al Saud, President of the International Esports Federation . The GEF was launched on December 16, 2019 with Chris Chan appointed as its first President. The Board currently consists of a president, five vice-presidents, and 15 board members. The GEF appointed its first Chief Executive Officer, Paul J. Foster, in March 2021. Chris Chan
3675-716: The Global Esports Tour takes place across 10 cities, beginning in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with a Counter-Strike 2 tournament from April 18–21. The tour will continue in Ningbo, China in May, followed by Baku, Azerbaijan in June, Manila, Philippines in July and Kuching, Malaysia in September. The titles of each competition and other cities on the 2024 tour are yet to be announced. Beginning in 2021,
3780-558: The IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in Montreal and Winnipeg , Manitoba, Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage declared that the change would put ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport in jeopardy. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition"
3885-507: The IOC and became the organisation's first marketing director. ISL and then Meridian continued in the established role as the IOC's sales and marketing agents until 2002. In collaboration with ISL Marketing and Meridian Management, Payne made major contributions to the creation of a multibillion-dollar sponsorship marketing programme for the organisation which, along with improvements in TV marketing and improved financial management, helped to restore
3990-509: The IOC's financial viability. The Olympic Movement generates revenue through five major programmes. The OCOGs have responsibility for domestic sponsorship, ticketing and licensing programmes, under the direction of the IOC. The Olympic Movement generated a total of more than US$ 4 billion (€2.5 billion) in revenue during the Olympic quadrennium from 2001 to 2004. The IOC distributes some of its revenue to organisations throughout
4095-668: The IOC's term for all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020 , 206 NOCs officially were recognized by the IOC. The IOC president has been Thomas Bach since 2013. Its stated mission is to promote Olympism throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement: All IOC members must swear to the following: "Honoured to be chosen as a member of the International Olympic Committee, I fully accept all
4200-529: The NEC campus, 1,900 at the University of Warwick campus, and 2,800 at the University of Birmingham campus. In 2023, a year after the games had taken place and the first of the village's housing had been finished, the site was still uninhabited and described as a ‘ghost village’. In 2024, two years after the games, the council announced that it was going to sell a majority of the homes to a private developer - with
4305-431: The Olympic Movement to support the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote worldwide sport development. The IOC retains approximately 10% of the Olympic marketing revenue for operational and administrative costs. For the 2013–2016 period, the IOC had revenues of about US$ 5.0 billion, of which 73% were from broadcasting rights and 18% were from Olympic Partners. The Rio 2016 organising committee received US$ 1.5 billion and
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4410-476: The Olympic symbols. When Brundage retired the IOC had US$ 2 million in assets; eight years later coffers had swollen, to US$ 45 million. This was primarily due to a shift in ideology toward expansion of the Games through corporate sponsorship and the sale of television rights. When Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected IOC president in 1980 his desire was to make the IOC financially independent. Samaranch appointed Canadian IOC member Richard Pound to lead
4515-455: The Open category allowing both men and women to compete together. Source: The Global Esports Tour (GET) is a series of tournaments for professional esports athletes and teams. In September 2021, the GEF announced the first series of the GET, with each stage showcasing a different esports title. The first edition of the GET had a total prize pool of US$ 500,000. In 2022, the second season of
4620-640: The President or upon the written request of at least one third of the members. Among others, the powers of the Session are: The number of all serving IOC members may not exceed 115. When named they became IOC members in their respective countries rather than representatives of their respective countries to the IOC. Categories of the IOC members include: Membership ends under the following circumstances: IOC recognizes 82 international sports federations (IFs): IOC awards gold, silver, and bronze medals for
4725-572: The Sochi 2014 organising committee received US$ 833 million. National Olympic committees and international federations received US$ 739 million each. In July 2000, when the Los Angeles Times reported on how the IOC redistributes profits from sponsorships and broadcasting rights , historian Bob Barney stated that he had "yet to see matters of corruption in the IOC", but noted there were "matters of unaccountability". He later noted that when
4830-701: The UN Agenda and to attend UN General Assembly meetings where it can take the floor. In 1993, the General Assembly approved a Resolution to further solidify IOC–UN cooperation by reviving the Olympic Truce . The IOC received approval in November 2015 to construct a new headquarters in Vidy , Lausanne. The cost of the project was estimated to stand at $ 156m. The IOC announced on 11 February 2019 that
4935-429: The addition of judo to the core sports and the local organizers' optional decision to hold a women's cricket tournament, taking advantage of local infrastructure. Returning to the Games for the first time in 24 years , due to various calendar issues, cricket will be exclusively female for the first time. First time events introduced at Birmingham 2022 are 3x3 basketball and its wheelchair counterpart. Birmingham will have
5040-566: The baton was designed to "relate" to the countries and residents of the Commonwealth, and reflect the "authenticity and honesty" of its journey; these goals were met by avoiding the use of precious metals , and through its use of copper—which is designed to oxidise and develop a teal patina over the course of the relay. The relay began on 7 October 2021 at Buckingham Palace in London, and lasted for 294 days—travelling through 72 Commonwealth nations and territories. After placing her message inside
5145-453: The baton, Queen Elizabeth II presented it to British Paralympic athlete and cyclist Kadeena Cox . During the opening ceremony, the baton was delivered to Charles, Prince of Wales , who read the Queen's message to officially open the Games. The opening ceremony of the 2022 Commonwealth Games were held at Alexander Stadium on the evening of 28 July 2022. Director Iqbal Khan stated that
5250-480: The bid to the CGF, the bid committee announced that the event would cost £750 million. On 25 June 2019, the British Government announced that the event will cost £778 million. The British Government will cover 75% (£594 million) and Birmingham City Council will cover the remaining 25% (£184 million). The budget is lower than the £967 million spent on the Gold Coast 2018 , but higher than the £543 million spent on
5355-401: The ceremony would aim to showcase the "vivid and vibrant confidence" of Birmingham. It was headlined by Birmingham-based new wave band Duran Duran , while Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath –who is also a Birmingham native–performed alongside Soweto Kinch during a segment of the ceremony. The closing ceremony took place on 8 August 2022 at Alexander Stadium, and included the formal handover to
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#17327754832215460-420: The core sports: road cycling , judo (previously optional), triathlon , table tennis , and wrestling . The charter also mandates that a number of parasports events (i.e. sports for elite athletes with disabilities) must be integrated within four core sports: athletics, lawn bowls, swimming and weightlifting (the lattermost is actually represented by a variation of powerlifting). The charter also establishes
5565-431: The dropping of shooting from the games programme was confirmed by the then CEO of the CGF David Grevemberg. In December 2018, The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) delegation including President of ISSF Vladimir Lisin and CEO of British Shooting (BS) Hamish McInnes visited Birmingham and discussed with the Birmingham organising committee to add shooting in the 2022 Commonwealth Games. In December 2018,
5670-662: The excavation of the site for the Games. Other local residents, construction workers, and onsite archaeologists faced similar exposures and risks. The Olympic Games can affect water quality in several ways, including runoff and the transfer of polluting substances from the air to water sources through rainfall. Harmful particulates come from natural substances (such as plant matter crushed by higher volumes of pedestrian and vehicle traffic) and man-made substances (such as exhaust from vehicles or industry). Contaminants from these two categories elevate amounts of toxins in street dust. Street dust reaches water sources through runoff, facilitating
5775-514: The exception of the 3 relays planned in Paralympic sports, all were confirmed in 2021,giving a total of 283. The final program was completed with 283 finals scheduled across 20 sports. This includes 136 events for women and 134 for men, an unprecedented gender balance amongst major multi-sport events though falling short of the 2018 Commonwealth Games when a perfect gender split had been achieved. In addition, 10 mixed gender events and 35 parasport events were held. The final list of disciplines, with
5880-429: The existing National Express Bus Depot in Perry Barr would be demolished as the depot site would be used to construct the phase two of the athletes’ village. A replacement depot will be constructed on a largely council-owned land on nearby Aston Lane, at a cost of £16 million, eight times the original estimate. The University railway station , which serves the University of Birmingham , was planned to be renovated and
5985-431: The food chain. One promise made to Londoners for the 2012 Olympic Games was that the Olympic Park would be a "blueprint for sustainable living." However, garden allotments were temporarily relocated due to the building of the Olympic stadium. The allotments were eventually returned. However, the soil quality was damaged. Further, allotment residents were exposed to radioactive waste for five months prior to moving, during
6090-414: The fringes of the city in neighbouring Solihull , hosted events in its exhibition halls and at the Resorts World Arena . The six other regional hosts were Coventry , Cannock Chase , Royal Leamington Spa , Sandwell , Warwick and Wolverhampton . A sixteenth venue, the Lee Valley VeloPark in Stratford, East London, hosted the track cycling. The following venues were used for the Games: Perry Bar
6195-526: The games were in talks with the International Cricket Council (ICC) about the inclusion of women's cricket. In November 2018, the ICC confirmed that they have submitted a bid to include women's cricket in the Games. The bid was made in partnership with the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). It was also reported that shooting was likely to be excluded from the games citing a lack of facilities around Birmingham. Shooting has been included at every Commonwealth Games since Christchurch 1974 . In January 2018,
6300-429: The goals of improved air quality and water quality , sustainable energy, improved waste management, and environmental education. These projects included industrial plant relocation or closure, furnace replacement, introduction of new emission standards, and more strict traffic control. In 2009, the UN General Assembly granted the IOC Permanent Observer status. The decision enables the IOC to be directly involved in
6405-468: The greatest need. The continued success of the TOP programme and Olympic broadcast agreements has enabled the IOC to provide increased support for the NOCs with each Olympic quadrennium. The IOC provided approximately US$ 318.5 million to NOCs for the 2001–2004 quadrennium. The IOC is the largest single revenue source for the majority of IOSFs , with contributions that assist them in developing their respective sports. The IOC provides financial support to
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#17327754832216510-423: The initiative as Chairman of the "New Sources of Finance Commission". In 1982 the IOC drafted International Sport and Leisure , a Swiss sports marketing company, to develop a global marketing programme for the Olympic Movement. ISL developed the programme, but was replaced by Meridian Management, a company partly owned by the IOC in the early 1990s. In 1989, a staff member at ISL Marketing, Michael Payne , moved to
6615-507: The interests of the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Movement." The IOC was created by Pierre de Coubertin , on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president. As of February 2022, its membership consists of 105 active members and 45 honorary members. The IOC is the supreme authority of the worldwide modern Olympic Movement. The IOC organises the modern Olympic Games and Youth Olympic Games (YOG), held in summer and winter every four years. The first Summer Olympics
6720-403: The largest number of events available for women and athletes with disabilities in the history of the Games. In 27 October 2020, the list of events to be held in Birmingham was revealed with 271 finals scheduled for 19 sports.However, due to the low number of athletes registered in 15 events in 5 sports they were in risk to be dropped and could not yet be confirmed on that exact time.However, with
6825-584: The list of optional sports and disciplines that can be chosen by the organisation of each edition: archery (recurve), basketball (3x3 or 5x5), beach volleyball , cycling ( mountain bike and track ), rhythmic gymnastics , and shooting (clay target, full bore, small bore and pistol). This same rule also establishes that the following events for athletes with disabilities are optional: wheelchair basketball (3x3), para track-cycling, para-table tennis and para-triathlon. Including compulsory and optional sports (disciplines), there shall be no more than 4 team sports on
6930-447: The main public ticket ballot running from 8 to 30 September 2021. The West Midlands Police said around 3,000 officers would be deployed to patrol the 2022 Commonwealth Games. 1,000 of these were to come from West Midlands Police and 2000 from a "mutual aid" arrangement with other UK forces. Additionally, private drones were banned over a no-fly zone and 55 police dogs were also part of the security plan. The 2022 Commonwealth Games
7035-412: The number of events in each discipline noted in the brackets, is: In January 2020, the Indian Olympic Association (IOA), which functions also as the Commonwealth Games Association (CGA) representing India, submitted a proposal to the CGF to host a combined archery and shooting championships in Chandigarh during January 2022. The proposal was endorsed by the National Rifle Association of India (NRAI),
7140-405: The only bid to go forward to CGF General Assembly in September 2015. Durban initially secured the right to host the games, as they were the sole bidder for the event. The city previously considered bidding for the 2020 or 2024 Summer Olympics , but later dropped the idea as it wanted to focus on the 2022 Commonwealth Games. It would have marked the first time the games were held in Africa and
7245-399: The planning and operational delivery of the Games. This includes sport, venue and competition management, ticket sales, all ceremonies and the Queen's Baton Relay. The headquarters of the organising committee is located in One Brindleyplace building and has taken up the office until December 2022. In March 2018, the BOCCG paid £25 million ($ 35 million) fee to the CGF for the right to host
7350-412: The planning of the two events from one another, and to improve the financial balance of the IOC, which receives a proportionally greater income in Olympic years. Since 1995, the IOC has worked to address environmental health concerns resulting from hosting the games. In 1995, IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch stated, "the International Olympic Committee is resolved to ensure that the environment becomes
7455-413: The programme of a Commonwealth Games. If basketball (3x3) is selected from the pool of optional sports, basketball (wheelchair para 3x3) becomes an obligatory event (or vice versa), in which case the sport of basketball shall be considered as one team sport. In cases when cricket is selected from the pool of optional sports, wheelchair basketball also becomes a part of the programme and can be an exception to
7560-500: The protocols to be less stringent and more "relaxed" than expected, and stated that it planned to impose stricter biosecurity protocols on its athletes to ensure their safety. The 2022 Commonwealth Games took place in 15 venues spread across the West Midlands region , with seven of them, including the athletics stadium and marathon route, located in the city of Birmingham . The National Exhibition Centre complex, located on
7665-401: The recommended bid for England. The CGF announced that the deadline for the submission of bids was 30 September 2017 and its executive board was expected to announce the host by the end of 2017. Commonwealth Games England submitted the Birmingham bid before the deadline to the CGF to host the 2022 Games. However, it was announced that the bid was not fully compliant, and the bidding process
7770-585: The responsibilities that this office brings: I promise to serve the Olympic Movement to the best of my ability. I will respect the Olympic Charter and accept the decisions of the IOC. I will always act independently of commercial and political interests as well as of any racial or religious consideration. I will fully comply with the IOC Code of Ethics. I promise to fight against all forms of discrimination and dedicate myself in all circumstances to promote
7875-499: The second time a Commonwealth republic would have hosted, following Delhi , India, in 2010 . The games were set to open on 18 July 2022, coinciding with the birthday of the late South African president, Nelson Mandela . It was reported in February 2017 that Durban might be unable to host the games due to financial constraints. This was confirmed one month later on 13 March 2017 when the CGF stripped Durban of their rights to host
7980-435: The semifinal matches), and the final days of the 2022 World Athletics Championships (held from 15 to 24 July). All athletes and officials are required to test negative for COVID-19 on a PCR test before departure and upon arrival; infections during the Games will be handled on a case-by-case basis, with athletes not necessarily required to withdraw or publicly disclose their infection. Commonwealth Games Australia considered
8085-615: The seven contenders. The other candidates included Prince Faisal bin Hussein and the presidents of the international skiing and gymnastics federations, Johan Eliasch and Morinari Watanabe . It is an association under the Swiss Civil Code ( articles 60–79 ). The IOC Session is the general meeting of the members of the IOC, held once a year in which each member has one vote. It is the IOC's supreme organ and its decisions are final. Extraordinary Sessions may be convened by
8190-709: The spotlight is on the athletes, it has "the power to eclipse impressions of scandal or corruption", with respect to the Olympic bid process. The IOC provides TOP programme contributions and broadcast revenue to the OCOGs to support the staging of the Olympic Games: NOCs receive financial support for training and developing their Olympic teams, Olympic athletes, and Olympic hopefuls. The IOC distributes TOP programme revenue to each NOC. The IOC also contributes Olympic broadcast revenue to Olympic Solidarity, an IOC organisation that provides financial support to NOCs with
8295-401: The state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the notion of the pure amateur, as it put Western, self-financed amateurs at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the IOC held to
8400-551: The support of sustainable development of esports communities throughout the world. The Global Esports Games (GEG) is a multi-title esports competition featuring athletes from Member Federations that takes place in December every year. In May 2021, the GEF announced the host cities for the first three editions of the GEG. The inaugural GEG took place in Singapore in 2021, followed by Istanbul in 2022 and Riyadh in 2023. The 2023 edition
8505-507: The third dimension of the organization of the Olympic Games, the first and second being sport and culture." Acting on this statement, in 1996 the IOC added the "environment" as a third pillar to its vision for the Olympic Games. In 2000, the "Green Olympics" effort was developed by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Beijing Olympic Games. The Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics executed over 160 projects addressing
8610-487: The top three competitors in each sporting event. Other honours. During the first half of the 20th century the IOC ran on a small budget. As IOC president from 1952 to 1972, Avery Brundage rejected all attempts to link the Olympics with commercial interests. Brundage believed that corporate interests would unduly impact the IOC's decision-making. Brundage's resistance to this revenue stream left IOC organising committees to negotiate their own sponsorship contracts and use
8715-666: The traditional rules regarding amateurism. Near the end of the 1960s, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet full-time athletes and other constantly improving European teams. They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues, but met opposition from the IIHF and IOC. At the IIHF Congress in 1969,
8820-430: The transfer of toxins to environments and communities that rely on these water sources. In 2013, researchers in Beijing found a significant relationship between the amount of PM2.5 concentrations in the air and in rainfall. Studies showed that rainfall had transferred a large portion of these pollutants from the air to water sources. Notably, this cleared the air of such particulates, substantially improving air quality at
8925-413: The venues. De Coubertin was influenced by the aristocratic ethos exemplified by English public schools . The public schools subscribed to the belief that sport formed an important part of education but that practicing or training was considered cheating. As class structure evolved through the 20th century, the definition of the amateur athlete as an aristocratic gentleman became outdated. The advent of
9030-513: The village fell significantly behind schedule but the games' dates were not pushed back to accommodate this. Because the village would not be ready in time for the games, on 11 August 2020 the BOCCG announced that the athletes and team officials will be housed in three ‘campus’ villages close to competition venues at the University of Birmingham , the University of Warwick , and the NEC . Around 1,600 athletes and officials were set to be accommodated at
9135-406: Was accompanied by a six-month long cultural event called the Birmingham 2022 Festival. It had been billed as "the biggest celebration of creativity ever seen in the region" and was taking place in the host city and throughout the West Midlands . With more than 200 events planned, it was one of the biggest cultural programmes ever hosted during the Commonwealth Games. Events took place before and after
9240-605: Was also the first major multi-sport event to have more events for women than men and had the largest integrated para-sport programme in the history of the Commonwealth Games with 8 para sports. Australia topped the medal table by both total golds (67) and total medals (179), with host nation England finishing second with 58 golds and 176 total medals and Canada finishing third with 26 golds and 92 total medals. India finished fourth with 22 gold and 61 total medals, and New Zealand finished fifth with 20 gold and 49 total medals. Niue won its first ever Commonwealth Games medal. Birmingham
9345-566: Was announced as the host city on 21 December 2017. The event marked the last time that the Commonwealth Games were held under Queen Elizabeth II prior to her death on 8 September of that year , which was exactly one month after the conclusion of the Games. The event contributed £1.2 billion to the economy of the United Kingdom. Two cities initially launched bids for the games: Durban , South Africa , and Edmonton , Canada . Edmonton withdrew its bid in February 2015, leaving Durban as
9450-575: Was announced that the West Midlands Combined Authority Board was planning to approve the £88 million funding and delivery schedule for Sprint in advance of the Games, to offer commuters and the Games visitors services to key venues including Alexander Stadium , Arena Birmingham and the Resorts World Arena . As of November 2023, the service has yet to commence running. At the time of submission of
9555-584: Was announced that the entire schedule of the Games would be offset by one day to reduce conflicts with sporting events rescheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic , particularly the UEFA Euro 2020 (held on 11 June to 11 July 2021), the 2020 Summer Olympics (held on 23 July to 8 August 2021), the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 (held 6 to 31 July in England; the opening ceremony time would have conflicted with one of
9660-484: Was approved by the CGF executive board. The CGF officially announced on 13 August 2019 that the women's T20 cricket, beach volleyball and para table tennis have been included in the Games while due to infrastructure and logistics issues shooting had to be excluded and the proposal to add archery was rejected. With the changes in the Charter, and the review of options, the major changes from Gold Coast 2018 include
9765-536: Was designed by local agency RBL, based in Royal Leamington Spa , and is a jagged, triangular "B" shape formed by blue-yellow gradient lines representing the key venues of the Games in the West Midlands. The emblem is also the first to use the new branding for the CGF, as "Commonwealth Sport". It received a mainly positive reaction from locals in the city and on social media and some compared it to
9870-455: Was developed. Contaminated soil was consolidated into four containment areas within the site, which left the remaining areas available for recreational use. The site contained waste materials that then no longer posed a threat to surrounding aquifers. In the 2006 Games in Torino, Italy, soil impacts were observed. Before the Games, researchers studied four areas that the Games would likely affect:
9975-494: Was expected to be complete in time for the Games. The station would make way for the University of Birmingham, which was due to host hockey and squash events for the Games. The new station was not finished in time for the event. The Perry Barr railway station building was rebuilt and the platforms renovated as part of the £30.9 million project in Perry Barr and opened on May 29, 2022. Transport for West Midlands (TfWM)
10080-476: Was extended until 30 November 2017. The CGF had 170 questions regarding Birmingham's bid. On 21 December 2017, Birmingham was awarded for the 2022 Games as Durban's replacement host. Louise Martin, president of the CGF, made the official announcement at a press conference at the Arena Academy in Birmingham. The Birmingham Organising Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games (BOCCG) was responsible for
10185-473: Was found in violation of anti-doping measures. This promoted England to gold, Jamaica to silver, and Australia were awarded bronze. * Host nation ( England ) The podium sweeps , in which a single CGA won all the available medals in an event, were: The official emblem was unveiled on 27 July 2019 at Centenary Square during the Commonwealth Social festival. It
10290-742: Was held in Athens , Greece, in 1896 ; the first Winter Olympics was in Chamonix , France, in 1924 . The first Summer YOG was in Singapore in 2010 , and the first Winter YOG was in Innsbruck in 2012 . Until 1992, both the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter Olympics to the even years between Summer Games to help space
10395-525: Was instituted. Beginning in the 1970s, amateurism was gradually phased out of the Olympic Charter. After the 1988 Games, the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for the Olympics, subject to the approval of the IFOSs. The Games were originally awarded to Denver on 12 May 1970, but a steep rise in costs led to Colorado voters' rejection on 7 November 1972, by 60% of the vote, of
10500-526: Was re-elected as President of GEF in 2023 for a second four-year term. The GEF organizes two main events: the Global Esports Games (GEG) and the Global Esports Tour (GET). The inaugural Global Esports Games were staged in Singapore in December 2021, followed by the second edition in Istanbul , Turkey in 2022 and Riyadh , Saudi Arabia in 2023. The first season of the Global Esports Tour
10605-458: Was recorded during the Beijing Olympics on most days. Beijing also sprayed silver iodide in the atmosphere to induce rain to remove existing pollutants from the air. Soil contamination can occur during construction. The Sydney Olympic Games of 2000 resulted in improving a highly contaminated area known as Homebush Bay. A pre-Games study reported soil metal concentrations high enough to potentially contaminate groundwater. A remediation strategy
10710-502: Was scheduled to provide the city's first continuous cross-city bus route in time for the Games. The new Sprint bus route was to run an express service along the A34 and A45 between Walsall and Birmingham Airport and Solihull to Walsall via the city centre . The service will be zero-emission with priority signals and extended bus lanes, along with "a swift boarding experience" to improve journey times and reliability. In February 2020 it
10815-464: Was selected to be the site of the athlete's village, with plans made to demolish the former Birmingham City University campus after the university had moved to a new campus. The new village was supposed to house up to 6,500 athletes and officials during the games and then become 1,400 new homes after the games, as part of a wider regeneration effort. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, construction of
10920-748: Was staged in 2021, beginning in Los Angeles in September. Both the GEG and GET are held on an annual basis. As of July 2024, there are 173 Member Federations in the GEF. In September 2021, the GEF announced the creation of two Esports Development Federations: the Africa Esports Development Federation and the Pan Am Esports Development Federation. In 2023, the Oceania and Europe Esports Development Federations were formed to continue
11025-429: Was the largest held to date, with 950 athletes competing from more than 100 countries. A variety of esports titles have been contested at the Global Esports Games, including: Valve ’s Dota 2 , Konami ’s eFootball PES 2021 Season Update , eFootball 2023 and eFootball 2024 , Capcom ’s Street Fighter V and Street Fighter 6 , as well as Krafton 's PUBG Mobile . Competition categories include Open and Women, with
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