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152-718: The Global Language Monitor ( GLM ) is a company based in Austin , Texas , that analyzes trends in the English language . Founded in Silicon Valley in 2003 by Paul J.J. Payack, the GLM describes its role as "a media analytics company that documents, analyzes and tracks cultural trends in language the world over, with a particular emphasis upon International and Global English". In April 2008, GLM moved its headquarters from San Diego to Austin . In July 2020, GLM announced that

304-714: A boil-water advisory which would last until water pressure was restored on February 23. Beginning January 30, 2023 the City of Austin experienced a winter freeze which left 170,000 Austin Energy customers without electricity or heat for several days. The slow pace of repairs and lack of public information from City officials frustrated many residents. A week after the freeze and when Austin City Council members were proposing to evaluate his employment, City Manager Spencer Cronk finally apologized. On Thursday February 16, 2023, Cronk

456-443: A cotton gin engine was located downtown near the trains for "ginning" cotton of its seeds and turning the product into bales for shipment. However, as other new railroads were built through the region in the 1870s, Austin began to lose its primacy in trade to the surrounding communities. In addition, the areas east of Austin took over cattle and cotton production from Austin, especially in towns like Hutto and Taylor that sit over

608-601: A "Songwriters Special" that showcased performances by some of the most talented songwriters of the time. The first episode featured Willie Nelson, Floyd Tillman, Hank Cochran, Red Lane, Whitey Shafer, Sonny Throckmorton, and Ray Price. Buddy Emmons' 1976 recording of "Deep in the Heart of Texas" plays during the opening credits of Austin City Limits. The credits feature scenes of the Austin City Limits staff driving

760-663: A "Women in Song" special. The Manhattan Transfer performs a full hour of New York style music on the Austin City Limits stage during the 23rd season in 1998. Special guests Ricky Skaggs and Asleep at the Wheel join The Manhattan Transfer on stage. In 1998, "Austin City Limits" won the W.C. Handy "Keeping the Blues Alive" award. The award is given to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to

912-548: A 1981 Austin City Limits performance by Monroe from Season 6, and a 1986 Austin City Limits "Legends of Bluegrass" performance from Season 11 by Monroe and a group of bluegrass legends, including Ralph Stanley, Jim & Jesse, and Mac Wiseman. Austin City Limits Season 22 included "A Tribute to Walter Hyatt," who was inducted into the Bluegrass Hall of Fame in 1997. The tribute was performed by Lyle Lovett and

1064-467: A Texas Music Showcase. Robert Earl Keen Jr., now known as Robert Earl Keen, was among the performers, as were Rosie Flores, Tony Perez, and Jimmie Dale Gilmore. Season 14 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1989, was the last season to use the 1984-1989 PBS logo featuring the "Split Profile." The logo had been in use since Season 10 in 1985. In 1989, PBS aired a special "Great Moments from Austin City Limits" during Season 14 of Austin City Limits. The special

1216-415: A book phone offer was shown for this season only to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Austin City Limits. The companion book, "Austin City Limits 25 Years of American Music," features photographs of performers from the first 24 seasons of "Austin City Limits" from 1976 to 1999, along with the history of the show and behind-the-scenes stories. During this season, Austin City Limits creator and founder Bill Arhos

1368-435: A call at San Antonio and Austin, Texas PBS station KLRN, was urged to put a live music program on the air. Bosner agreed, and the station went on to produce the live music show "Austin City Limits." After hanging up the phone, Bill Arhos asked, "Why don't we do a music show? I've got the perfect title." Paul Bosner came up with the idea for "Austin City Limits" and named the show after the 1974 film "Macon County Line." He pitched

1520-485: A flood on April 7, 1900. In the late 1920s and 1930s, Austin implemented the 1928 Austin city plan through a series of civic development and beautification projects that created much of the city's infrastructure and many of its parks. In addition, the state legislature established the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) that, along with the city of Austin, created the system of dams along

1672-544: A freeze are December 1 and February 15, giving Austin an average growing season of 288 days, and the coldest temperature of the year is normally about 24.2 °F (−4 °C) under the 1991-2020 climate normals, putting Austin in USDA zone 9a. Conversely, winter months also produce warm days on a regular basis. On average, 10 days in January reach or exceed 70 °F (21 °C) and 1 day reaches 80 °F (27 °C); during

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1824-650: A group of other artists, including David Ball, Champ Hood, Willis Alan Ramsey, Marcia Ball, Shawn Colvin, Jimmie Dale Gilmore, Junior Brown, David Halley, and Allison Moorer. In 1997, during Season 22, Austin City Limits aired a special called "Legends of Country Music." The special was hosted by Pam Tillis. In 1997, Season 22 of "Austin City Limits" featured a "Best of Austin Country Showcase." The showcase included performances by Libbi Bosworth, Dale Watson, The Derailers, Wayne Hancock, Don Walser, and Mary Cutrufello. Season 22 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1997,

1976-474: A leased HD Radio subchannel of KGSR (93.3-HD2). The playlist is eclectic and representative of the television show's history. In 1981, during Season 6, "Austin City Limits" became the highest-rated live music show on PBS. That same year, the show began syndicating to local stations under the moniker "Austin City Limits Encore." In 2016, MTV Live (formerly Palladia HD) acquired the rights to rerun

2128-615: A major university. The 1970s saw Austin's emergence in the national music scene, with local artists such as Willie Nelson , Asleep at the Wheel , and Stevie Ray Vaughan and iconic music venues such as the Armadillo World Headquarters . Over time, the long-running television program Austin City Limits , its namesake Austin City Limits Festival, and the South by Southwest music festival solidified

2280-534: A new location, ACL Live at the Moody Theater, which replaced Studio 6A, which had been the show's home for Seasons 1-36 (1976-2011). Austin City Limits introduced new opening theme music, "An Introduction" by Explosions in the Sky, at the start of this season. The theme was used through Season 39 (2013-2014). Season 37 also aired a classic encore from Season 4 in 1979, a Tom Waits performance. This encore aired during

2432-683: A part of their land, created an immense motive for Sam Houston, the first and third President of the Republic of Texas, to relocate the capital once again in 1841. Upon threats of Mexican troops in Texas, Houston raided the Land Office to transfer all official documents to Houston for safe keeping in what was later known as the Archive War , but the people of Austin would not allow this unaccompanied decision to be executed. The documents stayed, but

2584-453: A preview of the artist read by executive producer Terry Lickona. This leads into an opening credit sequence. After the credits, Lickona would introduce the artist. During the performance, the camera was usually positioned to allow for a variety of closeup shots. This enabled the viewer to see the musicians' hands, facial expressions, and instrument fingering. After the performance, there was an interview segment. After that, Lickona would introduce

2736-533: A replay of B.B. King's performance from Season 8 in 1983. King's performance was a highlight of that season, and his appearance on the show is considered by many to be one of his best. Season 19 of "Austin City Limits" aired on PBS in 1994. It was the first season without any "Austin City Limits Classic" encores, but it did feature a retrospective special called "Merle Haggard in Concert." The special

2888-791: A sandy beach along the river, and a disc golf course. Austin City Limits Beginning in Season 15 (1990), Austin City Limits began broadcasting in Dolby Surround , and continued until season 24 (1999). From 1976 to 2004 (seasons 1–29), the show was broadcast in NTSC . From 2004 to 2007 (seasons 30–32), the show was broadcast in HDTV 720p . Beginning in season 33 (2007–2008), the show began broadcasting in widescreen 1080i . Each episode of "Austin City Limits" begins with

3040-576: A set of zoning restrictions that preserve the view of the Texas State Capitol from various locations around Austin, known as the Capitol View Corridors . At night, parts of Austin are lit by "artificial moonlight" from moonlight towers built to illuminate the central part of the city. The 165-foot (50 m) moonlight towers were built in the late 19th century and are now recognized as historic landmarks. Only 15 of

3192-549: A severe lull in economic growth from the Great Depression , Austin resumed its steady development. Following the mid-20th century, Austin became established as one of Texas' major metropolitan centers. In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Austin's population as 14.5% Hispanic, 11.9% black, and 73.4% non-Hispanic white. In the late 20th century, Austin emerged as an important high tech center for semiconductors and software. The University of Texas at Austin emerged as

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3344-502: A significant change for the show. It broadened its scope to include musical styles other than Texas country artists. This change was prompted by a change in producers, with Terry Lickona taking over as producer, and later executive producer. Additionally, the partnership with KLRN in San Antonio and Austin, Texas, was dissolved. During this season, the set featured red and blue lights designed by Robert Sertner. The audience could darken

3496-540: A spinoff series called "The Texas Connection." "The Texas Connection" aired on TNN from 1990 to 1994. Season 16 of Austin City Limits aired in 1991, which was the show's 15th anniversary. For this season, the show was broadcast in both the United States and Canada. That same year, "Austin City Limits" began broadcasting internationally in different countries around the world. Some of the countries that broadcast "Austin City Limits" include Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia,

3648-526: A third of normal precipitation. This was a result of La Niña conditions in the eastern Pacific Ocean where water was significantly cooler than normal. David Brown, a regional official with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, explained that "these kinds of droughts will have effects that are even more extreme in the future, given a warming and drying regional climate." The drought, coupled with exceedingly high temperatures throughout

3800-444: A truck through Texas landscapes. At the end of the credits, the Austin City Limits sign appears. Allan Muir took over as the new director of "Austin City Limits" during Season 5 in 1980. He broadened the scope of the show to include different styles of music. Some of the artists who appeared during his tenure include Roy Clark, Gatemouth Brown, Don Williams, Joe Ely, and Marty Robbins. Season 6 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1981,

3952-497: Is a state park administered by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department , located at the confluence of Onion Creek and Williamson Creek. The park includes several designated hiking trails and campsites with water and electric. The namesake features of the park are the scenic upper and lower falls along Onion Creek. The Emma Long Metropolitan Park is a municipal park along the shores of Lake Austin , originally constructed by

4104-435: Is a popular summer swimming spot for visitors and residents. Hamilton Pool Preserve consists of 232 acres (0.94 km ) of protected natural habitat featuring a jade green pool into which a 50-foot (15 m) waterfall flows. In May 2021, voters in the City of Austin reinstated a public camping ban. That includes downtown green spaces as well as trails and greenbelts such as along Barton Creek. McKinney Falls State Park

4256-499: Is a state-of-the-art venue that hosts a variety of performances and events. On December 2, 2014, in celebration of Austin City Limits' 40th season, a DVD titled Austin City Limits Celebrates 40 Years was released. "Austin City Limits" was born when Paul Bosner came up with the idea for a live music show while driving back to Dallas, Texas, and seeing an Austin City Limits highway sign. Paul Bosner, who received

4408-615: Is home to the tallest condo towers in the state, with The Independent (58 stories and 690 ft (210 m) tall) and The Austonian (topping out at 56 floors and 685 ft (209 m) tall). The Independent became the tallest all-residential building in the U.S. west of Chicago when topped out in 2018. In 2005, then-Mayor Will Wynn set out a goal of having 25,000 people living downtown by 2015. Although downtown's growth did not meet this goal, downtown's residential population did surge from an estimated 5,000 in 2005 to 12,000 in 2015. The skyline has drastically changed in recent years, and

4560-471: Is its highly variable humidity, which fluctuates frequently depending on the shifting patterns of air flow and wind direction. It is common for a lengthy series of warm, dry, low-humidity days to be occasionally interrupted by very warm and humid days, and vice versa. Humidity rises with winds from the east or southeast, when the air drifts inland from the Gulf of Mexico , but decreases significantly with winds from

4712-772: Is located within the middle of a unique, narrow transitional zone between the dry deserts of the American Southwest and the lush, green, more humid regions of the American Southeast. Its climate, topography, and vegetation share characteristics of both. Officially, Austin has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) under the Köppen climate classification . This climate is typified by long, very hot summers, short, mild winters, and warm to hot spring and fall seasons in-between. Austin averages 34.32 inches (872 mm) of annual rainfall distributed mostly evenly throughout

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4864-472: Is most common during the spring. According to most classifications, Austin lies within the extreme southern periphery of Tornado Alley , although many sources place Austin outside of Tornado Alley altogether. Consequently, tornadoes strike Austin less frequently than areas farther to the north. However, severe weather and/or supercell thunderstorms can occur multiple times per year, bringing damaging winds, lightning, heavy rain, and occasional flash flooding to

5016-484: Is rare in Austin. A snow event of 0.9 inches (2 cm) on February 4, 2011, caused more than 300 car crashes. The most recent major snow event occurred February 14–15, 2021, when 6.4 inches (16 cm) of snow fell at Austin's Camp Mabry , the largest two-day snowfall since records began being kept in 1948. Typical of Central Texas , severe weather in Austin is a threat that can strike during any season. However, it

5168-417: Is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat and most populous city of Travis County , with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties. Incorporated on December 27, 1839, it is the 26th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, the 11th-most populous city in the United States, the fourth-most populous city in the state after Houston , San Antonio , and Dallas , and

5320-523: Is the home of the University of Texas at Austin , one of the largest universities in the U.S., with over 50,000 students. In 2021, Austin became home to the Austin FC , the first (and currently only) major professional sports team in the city. Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of human habitation since at least 9200 BC. The area's earliest known inhabitants lived during

5472-691: Is the southernmost state capital in the contiguous United States and is considered a Gamma + level global city as categorized by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2024, Austin had an estimated population of 984,567, up from 961,855 at the 2020 census . The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,473,275 as of July 1, 2023. Located in Central Texas within

5624-683: Is water. Austin is situated at the foot of the Balcones Escarpment , on the Colorado River , with three artificial lakes within the city limits: Lady Bird Lake (formerly known as Town Lake), Lake Austin (both created by dams along the Colorado River), and Lake Walter E. Long that is partly used for cooling water for the Decker Power Plant. Mansfield Dam and the foot of Lake Travis are located within

5776-511: Is well-fed. Both range in temperature from about 68.0 °F (20.0 °C) during the winter to about 71.6 °F (22.0 °C) during the summer. Hippie Hollow Park , a county park situated along Lake Travis, is the only officially sanctioned clothing-optional public park in Texas. Hamilton Pool Preserve is a natural pool that was created when the dome of an underground river collapsed due to massive erosion thousands of years ago. The pool, located about 23 miles (37 km) west of Austin,

5928-776: The Civilian Conservation Corps . The 284 acres (115 ha) Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center is a botanical garden and arboretum that features more than 800 species of native Texas plants in both garden and natural settings; the Wildflower Center is located 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Downtown in Circle C Ranch . Roy G. Guerrero Park is located along the Colorado River in East Riverside and contains miles of wooded trails,

6080-555: The Houston and Texas Central Railway (H&TC) in 1871 turned Austin into the major trading center for the region, with the ability to transport both cotton and cattle. The Missouri, Kansas & Texas (MKT) line followed close behind. Austin was also the terminus of the southernmost leg of the Chisholm Trail , and "drovers" pushed cattle north to the railroad. Cotton was one of the few crops produced locally for export, and

6232-466: The Netherlands , and Japan . In 1976, Joe Gracey served as the talent consultant for the first season of Austin City Limits. He was responsible for booking the musical acts that appeared on the show. In 1979, during season 4, Terry Lickona joined the program as a producer. He was later promoted to executive producer. Bruce Scafe was the first director of "Austin City Limits." He directed

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6384-640: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland , Ohio , announced that nearly 40 years of Austin City Limits footage would be digitally archived "in perpetuity" at the Museum's new Library and Archives; recordings from more than 800 live performances will be made available to the public. On September 9, 2018, Austin City Limits Radio was launched in Austin at 97.1 FM. The station broadcasts on

6536-429: The blackland prairie , with its deep, rich soils for producing cotton and hay. In September 1881, Austin public schools held their first classes. The same year, Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute (now part of Huston–Tillotson University ) opened its doors. The University of Texas held its first classes in 1883, although classes had been held in the original wooden state capitol for four years before. During

6688-587: The "Austin City Limits" classic encores. He introduced the performers, and his segments were a nice addition to the show. Season 26 of "Austin City Limits" was the last season to use the classic encores that had been a staple of the show since Season 18 in 1993. The encores were a popular feature that allowed viewers to see favorite performances again. Season 26 of "Austin City Limits" includes replays of several classic encore performances. These include A Celebration of Townes Van Zandt from Season 23 in 1998; Tom Waits from Season 4 in 1979; Fats Domino from Season 12 in 1987;

6840-517: The "Live from Austin, TX" series. The series includes a wide variety of musical genres, and the performances are always top-notch. If you're a fan of live music, this series is a must-have. Full episodes of Austin City Limits can be viewed online at the show's official website. There is also an Austin City Limits store where you can buy merchandise. at the Austin Bergstrom International Airport . On June 21, 2012,

6992-400: The 1880s, Austin gained new prominence as the state capitol building was completed in 1888 and claimed as the seventh largest building in the world. In the late 19th century, Austin expanded its city limits to more than three times its former area, and the first granite dam was built on the Colorado River to power a new street car line and the new " moon towers ". The first dam washed away in

7144-805: The 1990s, Austin has become a center for technology and business. The technology roots in Austin can be traced back to the 1960s, when defense electronics contractor Tracor (now BAE Systems ) began operations in the city in 1962. IBM followed in 1967, opening a facility to produce its Selectric typewriters. Texas Instruments was set up in Austin two years later, and Motorola (now NXP Semiconductors) started semiconductor chip manufacturing in 1974. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including 3M , Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) , Agilent Technologies , Amazon , Apple , Dell , Facebook (Meta) , General Motors , Google , IBM , Intel , NXP Semiconductors , Oracle , Tesla , and Texas Instruments . With regard to education, Austin

7296-482: The 1991-2020 period recorded at least 1 day of the latter. The average daytime high is 70 °F (21 °C) or warmer between March 1 and November 21, rising to 80 °F (27 °C) or warmer between April 14 and October 24, and reaching 90 °F (32 °C) or warmer between May 30 and September 18. The highest ever recorded temperature was 112 °F (44 °C) occurring on September 5, 2000, and August 28, 2011. An uncommon characteristic of Austin's climate

7448-549: The 1991-2020 period, all Januarys had at least 1 day with a high of 70 °F (21 °C) or more, and most (60%) had at least 1 day with a high of 80 °F (27 °C) or more. The lowest ever recorded temperature in the city was −2 °F (−19 °C) on January 31, 1949. Roughly every two years Austin experiences an ice storm that freezes roads over and cripples travel in the city for 24 to 48 hours. When Austin received 0.04 inches (1 mm) of ice on January 24, 2014, there were 278 vehicular collisions. Similarly, snowfall

7600-619: The 2002-2003 season, was the first season to use the 2002–2010 PBS "Be More" logo. This logo remained in use until Season 34 (2008-2009). Also during this season, we started our annual Austin City Limits Music Festival. During this season, "Austin City Limits" aired "By the Hand of the Father," which featured music by Alejandro Escovedo, Pete Escovedo, Rosie Flores, and Ruben Ramos. Season 29 of "Austin City Limits" aired during

7752-427: The 2003-2004 season. This season was the last to use the show's theme song, "London Homesick Blues" by Gary P. Nunn, which had been used since Season 2 in 1977. It was also the last season to broadcast in 480i NTSC, which "Austin City Limits" had done since the pilot episode in 1974, and Season 1 in 1976. This is the last season to use the Austin City Limits logo featuring a musical note and flames, which had been done all

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7904-409: The 2009-2010 season, was the first season to use the 2009-2022 PBS "Be More II" logo. That logo remained in use until Season 44 (2018-2019). The Austin City Limits logo was modified to celebrate its 35th anniversary. A number 35 was placed behind the logo, and "35 years" was placed below. Season 36 of "Austin City Limits" was the last season to be taped at its original home at Studio 6A before moving to

8056-508: The 31 original innovative towers remain standing in Austin, but none remain in any of the other cities where they were installed. The towers are featured in the 1993 film Dazed and Confused . In December 2023, amid rising home prices, the Austin City Council loosened the city's zoning rules to permit by-right development of triplexes on each lot and loosened restrictions on tiny homes. The central business district of Austin

8208-720: The Austin Nature & Science Center, and the Zilker Zephyr, a 12 in ( 305 mm ) gauge miniature railway carries passengers on a tour around the park. Auditorium Shores , an urban park along the lake, is home to the Palmer Auditorium , the Long Center for the Performing Arts , and an off-leash dog park on the water. Both Zilker Park and Auditorium Shores have a direct view of

8360-553: The Capital of Texas Public Telecommunications Council, KLRU, took over production of the show. KLRU continued producing Austin City Limits until Season 44 (2018-2019), when the station rebranded as Austin PBS. Season 14 of Austin City Limits aired in 1989. This season featured a Songwriters Special with performances by Harlan Howard, Don Schlitz, Mike Reid, Janis Ian, Kye Fleming, and Mark Wright. Season 14 of Austin City Limits also featured

8512-649: The Circle Be Unbroken," a special episode that included performances by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, John Denver, Vassar Clements, New Grass Revival, Randy Scruggs, Helen and Anita Carter, Paulette Carlson, and Jimmy Martin. Season 15 of Austin City Limits also featured the W.C. Clark Blues Revue. The revue included performances by Stevie Ray Vaughan, Jimmie Vaughan, Angela Strehli, Lou Ann Barton, Kim Wilson, and Danny Freeman. In 1990, during Season 15 of "Austin City Limits," KLRU and TNN launched

8664-728: The City of Austin issued a mandatory citywide boil-water advisory after the Highland Lakes , home to the city's main water supply, became overwhelmed by unprecedented amounts of silt, dirt, and debris that had washed in from the Llano River . Austin Water, the city's water utility, has the capacity to process up to 300 million gallons of water per day; however, the elevated level of turbidity reduced output to only 105 million gallons per day. Since Austin residents consumed an average of 120 million gallons of water per day,

8816-470: The Collins Sisters. Season 10 of Austin City Limits celebrated the PBS live music show's 10th anniversary in 1985. The show celebrated this milestone by showcasing great music, legendary singers and pickers, and the stars of tomorrow. Since its inception in 1974, Austin City Limits has featured the best of country music and then some. In 1985, Season 10 of "Austin City Limits" was taped outdoors for

8968-459: The Colorado River between two creeks, Shoal Creek and Waller Creek , which was later named in his honor. Waller and a team of surveyors developed Austin's first city plan , commonly known as the Waller Plan , dividing the site into a 14-block grid plan bisected by a broad north–south thoroughfare, Congress Avenue, running up from the river to Capital Square, where the new Texas State Capitol

9120-760: The Colorado River to form the Highland Lakes . These projects were enabled in large part because the Public Works Administration provided Austin with greater funding for municipal construction projects than other Texas cities. During the early 20th century, a three-way system of social segregation emerged in Austin, with Anglos, African Americans and Mexicans being separated by custom or law in most aspects of life, including housing, health care, and education. Deed restrictions also played an important role in residential segregation . After 1935 most housing deeds prohibited African Americans (and sometimes other nonwhite groups) from using land. Combined with

9272-590: The Comanches westward, mostly ending conflicts in Central Texas. Settlement in the area began to expand quickly. Travis County was established in 1840, and the surrounding counties were mostly established within the next two decades. Initially, the new capital thrived but Lamar's political enemy, Sam Houston , used two Mexican army incursions to San Antonio as an excuse to move the government. Sam Houston fought bitterly against Lamar's decision to establish

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9424-785: The Downtown skyline. The Barton Creek Greenbelt is a 7.25-mile (11.67 km) public green belt managed by the City of Austin's Park and Recreation Department. The Greenbelt, which begins at Zilker Park and stretches South/Southwest to the Woods of Westlake subdivision , is characterized by large limestone cliffs, dense foliage, and shallow bodies of water. Popular activities include rock climbing , mountain biking, and hiking. Some well known naturally forming swimming holes along Austin's greenbelt include Twin Falls, Sculpture Falls, Gus Fruh Pool, and Campbell's Hole. During years of heavy rainfall,

9576-465: The Moody Theater for Season 37. Austin City Limits introduced its Songwriters Special in Season 5 (1980). The special featured established and up-and-coming songwriters performing their own songs. The Songwriters Special was a popular feature, and remained in use until Season 34 (2008–2009). The first Songwriters Special featured performances by Willie Nelson , Floyd Tillman , Hank Cochran , Red Lane , Whitey Shafer , and Sonny Throckmorton . The show

9728-459: The Moody Theater. The show's pilot episode with Willie Nelson was taped there in 1974, and Season 1 was taped there in 1976. After 36 seasons in Studio 6A, "Austin City Limits" bid farewell to that studio in 2011. The show then moved to the Moody Theater for Season 37 (2011-2012). Season 37 of "Austin City Limits" aired during the 2011-2012 season. It was a landmark season for the show as it moved to

9880-552: The Oklahoma City Philharmonic. Season 21 of Austin City Limits featured an encore presentation of classic performances from past seasons titled "Austin City Limits Classic," and included replays of Roy Orbison's performance from Season 8 in 1983, Roger Miller from Season 8 in 1983, and Marty Robbins from Season 5 in 1980. During the encore, the Austin City Limits logo had a banner reading "CLASSIC." Season 21 of Austin City Limits aired in 1996. It marked Asleep at

10032-498: The PBS website, www.pbs.org. Season 23 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1998 and featured "A Celebration of Townes Van Zandt," which included footage from Townes Van Zandt's 1976 Austin City Limits performance from Season 1, and footage from a West Texas Songwriters Special from Season 8 in 1983. Performers included Guy Clark, Emmylou Harris, Willie Nelson, Steve Earle, Rodney Crowell, Nanci Griffith, John T. Van Zandt, Lyle Lovett, Peter Rowan, and Jack Clement. Beginning with this season,

10184-507: The Rainbow" featured Willie Nelson and Ray Benson, while "Country Classics from Austin City Limits" showcased a compilation of classic country songs from the first five seasons of Austin City Limits from 1976 to 1980. Season 7 of "Austin City Limits" in 1982 was the first not to have a Songwriters Special. However, it did introduce the show's iconic Austin skyline backdrop, and the return of "Austin City Limits" creator and founder Bill Arhos as

10336-579: The Republic of Texas into the United States. In 1860, 38% of Travis County residents were slaves . In 1861, with the outbreak of the American Civil War , voters in Austin and other Central Texas communities voted against secession. However, as the war progressed and fears of attack by Union forces increased, Austin contributed hundreds of men to the Confederate forces. The African American population of Austin swelled dramatically after

10488-475: The Songwriters Special. Season 34 of Austin City Limits, which aired during the 2008-2009 season, was the last season to use the 2002-2010 PBS "Be More" logo. The logo had been in use since Season 28 (2002-2003). Season 35 of "Austin City Limits" celebrated the 35th anniversary of the PBS show in 2009-2010. This season marked the end of the Songwriters Special, which had been a regular feature since Season 5 in 1980. Season 35 of Austin City Limits, which aired during

10640-410: The Texas Congress formed a commission to seek a site for the new capital of the Republic of Texas to replace Houston . When he was Vice President of Texas, Mirabeau B. Lamar had visited the area during a buffalo -hunting expedition between 1837 and 1838. He advised the commissioners to consider the area on the north bank of the Colorado River (near the present-day Congress Avenue Bridge ), noting

10792-775: The United Kingdom, Malaysia, Portugal, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Turkey, Iran, South Korea, Australia, the Netherlands, and Japan. Season 17 of Austin City Limits aired in 1992. Season 17 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1992, was the last season to use the 1989–1993 PBS logo with the "3D Glass," which had been in use since Season 15 in 1990. The season kicked off with an all-female Songwriters Special featuring performances by Nanci Griffith, Indigo Girls, Mary Chapin Carpenter, and Julie Gold. Also during Season 17, "Austin Encore" premiered on TNN. It featured replays of performers from past seasons of "Austin City Limits". "Austin Encore" aired on TNN from 1992 to 1993. In 1992, PBS aired an Austin City Limits special, "Neil Young in Concert". This

10944-568: The West Texas Songwriters Special. The show included performances by Butch Hancock, David Halley, Townes Van Zandt, and Jimmie Gilmore, now known as Jimmie Dale Gilmore. Season 8 also featured the Songwriters Showcase, which included performances by Rodney Crowell, John Prine, Billy Joe Shaver, Guy Clark, Keith Sykes, Bill Caswell, and Rosanne Cash. Season 9 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1984. Season 9

11096-525: The Wheel's 25th anniversary. The show featured performances by Asleep at the Wheel, and special guests Willie Nelson, Tracy Byrd, Wade Hayes, Delbert McClinton, and Charlie Daniels. Season 22 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1997 and featured a Songwriters Special. The special included performances by Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, Kimmie Rhodes, and Billy Joe Shaver. Also during Season 22, "Austin City Limits" aired tributes to Walter Hyatt and Bill Monroe, who both died in 1996. The Bill Monroe tribute featured

11248-521: The World", a reference to the city's many musicians and live music venues, as well as the long-running PBS TV concert series Austin City Limits . Austin is the site of South by Southwest (SXSW), an annual conglomeration of parallel film , interactive media , and music festivals . The city also adopted " Silicon Hills " as a nickname in the 1990s due to a rapid influx of technology and development companies. In recent years, some Austinites have adopted

11400-649: The age of 58. As a tribute to him, "Austin City Limits" featured the Texas Tornados during Season 25. Season 26 of Austin City Limits aired during the 2000-2001 season. The logo for that season was a holdover from Season 25 (2000). It featured a musical note and flames, and read "Austin City Limits Original American Music Since 1975." The Austin City Limits logo also had a banner that says "CLASSIC" for classic encores. For this season only, Terry Lickona appeared on camera for

11552-464: The area's hills, waterways, and pleasant surroundings. It was seen as a convenient crossroads for trade routes between Santa Fe and Galveston Bay , as well as routes between northern Mexico and the Red River . In 1839, the site was chosen, and briefly incorporated under the name "Waterloo". Shortly afterward, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin , the "Father of Texas" and

11704-476: The area. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa - Olivares - Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area, though few permanent settlements were created for some time. In 1730, three Catholic missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park , in Austin. The mission was in this area for only about seven months, then

11856-432: The blues. Season 24 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1999. This was the last season that Bill Arhos, the show's creator and founder, served as executive producer. He had returned to the show during Season 7 in 1982. Bill Arhos was a longtime public television executive. He joined KLRN in 1962 as program director, and then became general manager of KLRU from 1986 to 1999. Arhos retired from producing "Austin City Limits" after

12008-489: The capital in such a remote wilderness. The men and women who traveled mainly from Houston to conduct government business were intensely disappointed as well. By 1840, the population had risen to 856, nearly half of whom fled Austin when Congress recessed. The resident African American population listed in January of this same year was 176. The fear of Austin's proximity to the Indians and Mexico, which still considered Texas

12160-403: The capital would temporarily move from Austin to Houston to Washington-on-the-Brazos . Without the governmental body, Austin's population declined to a low of only a few hundred people throughout the early 1840s. The voting by the fourth President of the Republic, Anson Jones , and Congress, who reconvened in Austin in 1845, settled the issue to keep Austin the seat of government, as well as annex

12312-481: The city's limits. Lady Bird Lake, Lake Austin, and Lake Travis are each on the Colorado River. The elevation of Austin varies from 425 feet (130 m) to approximately 1,000 feet (305 m) above sea level. Due to the fact it straddles the Balcones Fault , much of the eastern part of the city is flat, with heavy clay and loam soils, whereas the western part and western suburbs consist of rolling hills on

12464-516: The city's place in the music industry. Austin, the southernmost state capital of the contiguous 48 states, is located in Central Texas on the Colorado River . Austin is 146 miles (230 km) northwest of Houston , 182 miles (290 km) south of Dallas and 74 miles (120 km) northeast of San Antonio . Austin occupies a total area of 305.1 square miles (790.1 km ). Approximately 7.2 square miles (18.6 km ) of this area

12616-420: The city. The deadliest storm to ever strike city limits was the twin tornadoes storm of May 4, 1922, while the deadliest tornado outbreak to ever strike the metro area was the Central Texas tornado outbreak of May 27, 1997. From October 2010 through September 2011, both major reporting stations in Austin, Camp Mabry and Bergstrom Int'l, had the least rainfall of a water year on record, receiving less than

12768-673: The clay-rich types, are slightly to moderately alkaline and have free calcium carbonate . Austin's skyline historically was modest, dominated by the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas Main Building . However, since the 2000s, many new high-rise towers have been constructed. Austin is currently undergoing a skyscraper boom, which includes recent construction on new office, hotel and residential buildings. Downtown's buildings are somewhat spread out, partly due to

12920-517: The countryside, lingering on the Austin City Limits sign. The opening montage then shifts to scenes of local nightclubs, including Threadgill's, The Cotton Exchange Saloon, One Knite, Castle Creek, Split Rail, Broken Spoke, Texas Opry House, Armadillo World Headquarters, and the Soap Creek Saloon. The final shot is of the empty stage, with the Austin City Limits logo and the performer's name. The closing credits for "Austin City Limits" feature

13072-475: The director of Austin City Limits. Menotti's first season as director was Season 8. From 1976 to 2011, seasons 1 through 36 of "Austin City Limits" were taped at Studio 6A in the Communications Building B on the University of Texas at Austin campus. The studio was located on the sixth floor of the building, which is why it was designated as Studio 6A. In 2010, the show's original studio, which

13224-651: The edge of the Texas Hill Country . Because the hills to the west are primarily limestone rock with a thin covering of topsoil, portions of the city are frequently subjected to flash floods from the runoff caused by thunderstorms. To help control this runoff and to generate hydroelectric power, the Lower Colorado River Authority operates a series of dams that form the Texas Highland Lakes . The lakes also provide venues for boating, swimming, and other forms of recreation within several parks on

13376-697: The enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Texas by Union General Gordon Granger at Galveston, in an event commemorated as Juneteenth . Black communities such as Wheatville , Pleasant Hill, and Clarksville were established, with Clarksville being the oldest surviving freedomtown ‒ the original post-Civil War settlements founded by former African-American slaves ‒ west of the Mississippi River . In 1870, blacks made up 36.5% of Austin's population. The postwar period saw dramatic population and economic growth. The opening of

13528-435: The executive producer. In addition, this season introduced the show's opening theme music by John Mills. John Mills was asked to record the opening theme, and he did so at a studio. The sound was then put on acetate to make it more audience friendly. "Austin City Limits" was nominated for and won Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards. Allan Muir directed Season 7 of "Austin City Limits" in 1982. This

13680-433: The first time. The season featured a 10th anniversary party in downtown Austin with Bob Wills' Texas Playboys. Over 5,000 fans attended the party, which included a concert and a barbecue. Season 10 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1985. It featured the show's first tribute show, which honored singer-songwriter Steve Goodman. Goodman died on September 20, 1984, at the age of 36. Season 10 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1985. It

13832-469: The greater Texas Hill Country , it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River , Barton Springs , McKinney Falls , and Lake Walter E. Long . Residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a diverse mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, and blue-collar workers . The city's official slogan promotes Austin as "The Live Music Capital of

13984-419: The highest rated live music show on PBS during Season 6. The following year, Bill Arhos returned to the show as executive producer for Season 7. He remained in that role until his retirement at the end of Season 24 in 1999. In 2014, Arhos was inducted into the "Austin City Limits" Hall of Fame. He died in 2015 at the age of 80. Some of the performances from "Austin City Limits" have been released as CDs and DVDs in

14136-412: The infrastructure was not able to keep up with demand. In February 2021, Winter Storm Uri dropped prolific amounts of snow across Texas and Oklahoma, including Austin. The Austin area received a total of 6.4 inches (160 mm) of snowfall between February 14 and 15, with snow cover persisting until February 20. This marked the longest time the area had had more than 1 inch (25 mm) of snow, with

14288-493: The lake for canoeing and fishing. The 10.1 miles (16.3 km) Ann and Roy Butler Hike and Bike Trail forms a complete circuit around the lake. A local nonprofit, The Trail Foundation, is the Trail's private steward and has built amenities and infrastructure including trailheads, lakefront gathering areas, restrooms, exercise equipment, as well as doing Trailwide ecological restoration work on an ongoing basis. The Butler Trail loop

14440-437: The lake shores. Austin is located at the intersection of four major ecological regions, and is consequently a temperate-to-hot green oasis with a highly variable climate having some characteristics of the desert, the tropics, and a wetter climate. The area is very diverse ecologically and biologically, and is home to a variety of animals and plants. Notably, the area is home to many types of wildflowers that blossom throughout

14592-507: The late Pleistocene (Ice Age) and are linked to the Clovis culture around 9200 BC (over 11,200 years ago), based on evidence found throughout the area and documented at the much-studied Gault Site , midway between Georgetown and Fort Cavazos . When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area. The Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through

14744-578: The moniker "Austin Encore." The repackaged shows featured a mix of musical genres, including rock, blues, country, and folk. From 1998 to 2002, reruns of "Austin City Limits" aired on CMT Canada. The show featured live musical performances by a wide range of artists. In 2022, Circle Country (formerly Circle Network) began repackaging older "Austin City Limits" episodes under the moniker Austin City Limits: Country. "Austin City Limits: Country"

14896-608: The much larger Mansfield Dam was built by the LCRA upstream of Austin to form Lake Travis, a flood-control reservoir. In the early 20th century, the Texas Oil Boom took hold, creating tremendous economic opportunities in Southeast Texas and North Texas. The growth generated by this boom largely passed by Austin at first, with the city slipping from fourth largest to tenth largest in Texas between 1880 and 1920. After

15048-432: The next artist, which was followed by another interview segment. The show would then end with closing credits. The show "Austin City Limits" consisted of two performers in a half-hour format, and one performer in a one-hour format. The show was a combination of music and interviews. Austin City Limits was originally taped at KLRU's Studio 6A for the first 36 seasons, from 1976 to 2011. In 2011, the show moved to its new home at

15200-502: The notoriously TV-shy Nelson. The show's success as a fundraiser was enough for Arhos to get "Austin City Limits" green-lighted as a series. Austin City Limits is a popular television series that features live music performances. The show inspired the creation of the Austin City Limits Music Festival , an annual live music festival held at Zilker Park in Austin, Texas. In 1981, "Austin City Limits" became

15352-436: The opening theme music was produced by John Mills, and recorded at Bee Creek Studio. Season 23 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1998, was the last season to use the 1996–1998 PBS logo with the "CGI Window." That logo had been in use since Season 22, which aired in 1997. Austin City Limits aired a "Big Blues Extravaganza" special during this season. They also aired a "Best of Chet Atkins" special hosted by Garrison Keillor, and

15504-721: The opening theme music written and performed by Charlie Sexton. This theme had been in use since Season 30 (2004-2005). Season 33 of "Austin City Limits" aired during the 2007-2008 season. One of the episodes was a special recorded at the Hardly Strictly Bluegrass Festival. Season 34 of Austin City Limits was the final season to use the Songwriters Special, which had been a feature since Season 5 in 1980. The Songwriters Special featured songwriters gathering around to perform their original songs. After Season 34, "Austin City Limits" discontinued

15656-419: The outtakes of Stevie Ray Vaughan's 1984 performance from Season 9; the 1990 performances from Season 15; and Leonard Cohen from Season 14 in 1989. Season 27 of "Austin City Limits" aired during the 2001-2002 season. This season marked the end of the classic encores that had been a staple of the show since Season 18 in 1993. In 2001, during the 27th season of Austin City Limits, CMT began airing older episodes of

15808-427: The peak of the blackouts an estimated 40% of Austin Energy homes were without power. Starting on February 15, Austin Water received reports of pipe breaks, hourly water demand increased from 150 million gallons per day (MGD) on February 15 to a peak hourly demand of 260 MGD on February 16. On the morning of February 17 demand increased to 330 MGD, the resulting drop of water pressure caused the Austin area to enter into

15960-502: The performance at the beginning of the season. These interviews provide additional insight into the artists' creative process and inspirations. During Season 25, "Austin City Limits" introduced a logo that incorporated a musical note and flames. This logo was used until Season 29 (2003-2004) along with the text "Austin City Limits Twenty-Five Years of American Music 1975-2000". In 2000, during the closing credits,

16112-548: The performers. During Season 11 of "Austin City Limits" in 1986, a special reunion episode was aired. The episode featured a lineup that included Steve Fromholz, Asleep at the Wheel, Tracy Nelson, Marcia Ball, St. Greezy's Wheel, Rusty Wier, Jerry Jeff Walker, and Gary P. Nunn. Season 12 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1987. It was the last season to be produced by the Southwest Texas Public Broadcasting Council, which had been producing

16264-487: The pilot as part of a PBS pledge drive. According to KLRN program director Bill Arhos, Paul Bosner said, "Bill, would you agree to a live music program?" Bill Arhos then asked, "Why did you call this show Austin City Limits?". The pilot episode of "Austin City Limits" was taped on October 17, 1974, at KLRN in San Antonio and Austin, Texas. Willie Nelson was the featured performer. The episode aired on March 22, 1975, on 34 PBS stations nationwide. The Austin City Limits staff built

16416-602: The previous longest time being three days in January 1985 . Lack of winterization in natural gas power plants , which supply a large amount of power to the Texas grid , and increased energy demand caused ERCOT and Austin Energy to enact rolling blackouts in order to avoid total grid collapse between February 15 and February 18. Initial rolling blackouts were to last for a maximum of 40 minutes, however lack of energy production caused many blackouts to last for much longer, at

16568-455: The republic's first secretary of state. The city grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin . Edwin Waller was picked by Lamar to survey the village and draft a plan laying out the new capital. The original site was narrowed to 640 acres (260 ha) that fronted

16720-440: The residential real estate market has remained relatively strong. As of December 2016 , there were 31 high rise projects either under construction, approved or planned to be completed in Austin's downtown core between 2017 and 2020. Sixteen of those were set to rise above 400 ft (120 m) tall, including four above 600', and eight above 500'. An additional 15 towers were slated to stand between 300' and 399' tall. Austin

16872-536: The river's calm waters, nearly 6 miles (9.7 km) length and straight courses are especially popular with crew teams and clubs. Other recreational attractions along the shores of the lake include swimming in Deep Eddy Pool , the oldest swimming pool in Texas, and Red Bud Isle, a small island formed by the 1900 collapse of the McDonald Dam that serves as a recreation area with a dog park and access to

17024-462: The same shot of the empty stage, as in the opening. Season 1 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1976. It was the first season to use the 1971-1984 PBS logo featuring "The Tri-Colored Everyman P-Heads." This logo remained in use until Season 9 in 1984. In 1976, during Season 1 of "Austin City Limits," director Bruce Scafe chose "London Homesick Blues" by Gary P. Nunn as the theme song. It was used until Season 29 (2003-2004). For Season 2 in 1977, Scafe took

17176-586: The season ended. This season, Austin City Limits adopted the tagline "Where Music Lives." This tagline reflects the show's commitment to presenting a wide variety of musical genres. Season 24 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1999. That season featured "Mexican Roots Music: A Celebration," which showcased a full hour of Mexican music on the Austin City Limits stage. Performers included Los Lobos, also known as Los Super 7, Freddy Fender, Flaco Jimenez, Ruben Ramos, Rick Trevino, Joe Ely, Tish Hinojosa, and Campanas de America. Season 24 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1999,

17328-478: The second-most populous state capital city after Phoenix , the capital of Arizona . It has been one of the fastest growing large cities in the United States since 2010. Downtown Austin and Downtown San Antonio are approximately 80 miles (129 km) apart, and both fall along the Interstate 35 corridor. This combined metropolitan region of San Antonio–Austin has approximately 5 million people. Austin

17480-497: The series under the moniker "Best of Austin City Limits." From 2002 to 2003, CMT (formerly Country Music Television) repackaged several country music-themed episodes of "Austin City Limits" under the moniker "Best of Austin City Limits." When "Austin City Limits" aired on CMT, the episodes were 42 minutes long to allow for commercials. Each episode began with an introduction by Charlie Robison and Tara McNamara. From 1992 to 1993, TNN repackaged older "Austin City Limits" performers under

17632-465: The set and set up the shoot. They then invited the musician to perform. The musician performed for the cameras, and the crew captured the performance on videotape. Season 1 of "Austin City Limits" aired on PBS in 1976. It was submitted to KLRN, its national PBS distributor in San Antonio and Austin, Texas. The first season consisted of 13 one-hour episodes. The show opens with a soundcheck led by producer Paul Bosner. The opening montage begins with shots of

17784-506: The show since Season 5 in 1980. After this season, the Southwest Texas Public Broadcasting Council dissolved, and two PBS stations, KLRN and KLRU, split up. KLRN became the Alamo Public Telecommunications Council, and KLRU became the Capital of Texas Public Telecommunications Council. Season 13 of Austin City Limits aired in 1988. That year, the Southwest Texas Public Broadcasting Council dissolved, and

17936-406: The show switched from NTSC to HDTV, and a new opening theme music, written and performed by Charlie Sexton, was introduced. The new theme replaced "London Homesick Blues" by Gary P. Nunn, which had been used from 1977 to 2004 in seasons 2-29. The opening theme remained in use until Season 32 (2006-2007). Austin City Limits Season 32, which aired during the 2006-2007 season, was the last season to use

18088-462: The show under the title "Best of Austin City Limits." These episodes were edited to make room for commercials, and several parts were missing. Season 27 of Austin City Limits, which aired during the 2001–2002 season, was the last season to use the 1998–2002 PBS logo with the "Circle P-Heads," which had been in use since Season 24 in 1999. Season 28 of Austin City Limits aired during the 2002-2003 season. Season 28 of Austin City Limits, which aired during

18240-446: The show's first two seasons in 1976 and 1977. In Season 3 (1978), Charles Vaughn took over as producer-director, while Bill Arhos and Howard Chalmers were executive producers. Clark Santee took over as director of Austin City Limits in Season 4, which aired in 1979. Allan Muir took over as director of Austin City Limits in Season 5 (1980). He remained in that role until the end of Season 7 (1982). In 1983, Gary Menotti replaced Allan Muir as

18392-643: The song from Season 1, Episode 13, featuring Jerry Jeff Walker and The Lost Gonzo Band, and used it as the audio to accompany landscape and nightclub shots. Charles Vaughn became the producer and director of "Austin City Limits" during Season 3 in 1978. Terry Lickona, Ray Lucero, and Gary Menotti also joined the Austin City Limits staff that season. In 1978, during Season 3 of Austin City Limits, PBS aired its first Austin City Limits special, "The Best of Austin City Limits: Country Music and Then Some." Season 4 of "Austin City Limits" in 1979 marked

18544-457: The stage by dimming the lights, which allowed for a more intimate atmosphere. Season 5 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1980. This season featured a new set design with horse fences to block the audience from the camera's view. This season also marked the beginning of production by the Southwest Texas Public Broadcasting Council after KLRN in San Antonio and Austin, Texas dissolved production in 1979. Season 5 of "Austin City Limits" in 1980 featured

18696-609: The summer of 2011, caused many wildfires throughout Texas, including notably the Bastrop County Complex Fire in neighboring Bastrop, Texas. In the fall of 2018, Austin and surrounding areas received heavy rainfall and flash flooding following Hurricane Sergio . The Lower Colorado River Authority opened four floodgates of the Mansfield Dam after Lake Travis was recorded at 146% full at 704.3 feet (214.7 m). From October 22 to October 29, 2018,

18848-450: The system of segregated public services, racial segregation increased in Austin during the first half of the twentieth century, with African Americans and Mexicans experiencing high levels of discrimination and social marginalization. In 1940, the destroyed granite dam on the Colorado River was finally replaced by a hollow concrete dam that formed Lake McDonald (now called Lake Austin ) and which has withstood all floods since. In addition,

19000-518: The unofficial slogan " Keep Austin Weird ", which refers to the desire to protect small, unique, and local businesses from being overrun by large corporations. Since the late 19th century, Austin has also been known as the " City of the Violet Crown ", because of the colorful glow of light across the hills just after sunset. Emerging from a strong economic focus on government and education, since

19152-408: The water level of the creek rises high enough to allow swimming , cliff diving , kayaking , paddle boarding , and tubing . Austin is home to more than 50 public pools and swimming holes . These include Deep Eddy Pool , Texas' oldest human-made swimming pool, and Barton Springs Pool , the nation's largest natural swimming pool in an urban area. Barton Springs Pool is spring-fed while Deep Eddy

19304-439: The way since Season 25 (2000). The logo reads "Austin City Limits Original American Music Since 1975", which had been used since Season 26 (2000-2001). This is also the last season to use the opening theme music by Tequila Mockingbird, which had been in use since Season 25 (2000). 2004 was the 30th anniversary of "Austin City Limits," and to commemorate the occasion, a number 30 was added to the Austin City Limits logo. In addition,

19456-538: The west or southwest, bringing air flowing from Chihuahuan Desert areas of West Texas or northern Mexico. Winters in Austin are mild, although occasional short-lived bursts of cold weather known as " Blue Northers " can occur. January is the coolest month with an average daytime high of 62.5 °F (17 °C). The overnight low drops to or below freezing 12 times per year, and sinks below 45 °F (7 °C) during 76 evenings per year, mostly between mid-December and mid-February. The average first and last dates for

19608-400: The word covid was its Top Word of 2020 for English. The company has been repeatedly criticized by linguists for promoting misinformation about language. Writing on Language Log , the linguist Ben Zimmer accused it of "hoodwink[ing] unsuspecting journalists on a range of pseudoscientific claims". Austin, Texas Austin ( / ˈ ɔː s t ɪ n / AW -stin )

19760-512: The year but especially in the spring. This includes the popular bluebonnets , some planted by "Lady Bird" Johnson , wife of former President Lyndon B. Johnson . The soils of Austin range from shallow, gravelly clay loams over limestone in the western outskirts to deep, fine sandy loams, silty clay loams, silty clays or clays in the city's eastern part. Some of the clays have pronounced shrink-swell properties and are difficult to work under most moisture conditions. Many of Austin's soils, especially

19912-424: The year, though spring and fall are the wettest seasons. Sunshine is common during all seasons, with 2,650 hours, or 60.3% of the possible total, of bright sunshine per year. Summers in Austin are very hot, with average July and August highs frequently reaching the high-90s (34–36 °C) or above. Highs reach 90 °F (32 °C) on 123 days per year, of which 29 days reach 100 °F (38 °C); all years in

20064-404: Was a compilation of Merle Haggard's performances on the show from his first "Austin City Limits" appearance in Season 3 in 1978 to his latest appearance in Season 16 in 1991. Season 19 also featured a Songwriters Special that included performances by Willie Nelson, Lyle Lovett, and Rodney Crowell. Season 20 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1995. To celebrate the show's 20th anniversary, a number 20

20216-416: Was a critical and commercial success, and helped launch the careers of several country music stars. The pilot episode of "Austin City Limits" was taped on October 17, 1974, and starred Willie Nelson. The episode was deemed unusable, so another pilot was taped the following night, starring B.W. Stevenson. The deliberate lack of production slickness, combined with careful attention to audio detail, pleased even

20368-638: Was a replay of Neil Young's performance on Austin City Limits during Season 10 in 1985, when the show celebrated its 10th anniversary. Season 18 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1993. Season 18 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1993, was the first season to use the 1993–1996 PBS logo with the "Orange CGI P-Head." This logo remained in use until Season 21 in 1996. Beginning with this season, "Austin City Limits" began focusing on replays of classic performances. These encores were presented as "Austin City Limits Classic," and continued until Season 26 (2000-2001). This season, an "Austin City Limits" classic encore included

20520-418: Was added behind the "Austin City Limits" logo. The anniversary season also featured a bluegrass special performed by Ricky Skaggs, Larry Sparks, and Ralph Stanley. In addition, Season 20 featured a Tejano Music Special with performances by Flaco Jimenez, Rick Orozco, Joel Nava, La Diferenzia, and Freddy Fender. Season 21 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1996. Season 21 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1996,

20672-594: Was completed in 2014 with the public-private partnership 1-mile Boardwalk project. Along the shores of Lady Bird Lake is the 350 acres (140 hectares) Zilker Park , which contains large open lawns, sports fields, cross country courses, historical markers, concession stands, and picnic areas. Zilker Park is also home to numerous attractions, including the Zilker Botanical Garden , the Umlauf Sculpture Garden , Zilker Hillside Theater,

20824-515: Was established in 1992 to develop and improve parks in and around Austin. APF works to fill the city's park funding gap by leveraging volunteers, philanthropists, park advocates, and strategic collaborations to develop, maintain and enhance Austin's parks, trails and green spaces. Lady Bird Lake (formerly Town Lake) is a river-like reservoir on the Colorado River. The lake is a popular recreational area for paddleboards , kayaks , canoes , dragon boats , and rowing shells . Austin's warm climate and

20976-834: Was fired by the Austin City Council for the city's response to the winter storm. Former City Manager Jesus Garcia was named Interim City Manager. The Austin Parks and Recreation Department received the Excellence in Aquatics award in 1999 and the Gold Medal Awards in 2004 from the National Recreation and Park Association . To strengthen the region's parks system, which spans more than 29,000 acres (11,736 ha), The Austin Parks Foundation (APF)

21128-492: Was his last season as director, as he left the show after this season. Season 8 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 1983. Gary Menotti replaced Allan Muir as the director, and the show broadened its scope to include musical styles other than Texas country and blues artists. B.B. King, Loretta Lynn, John Conlee, Rosanne Cash, Steve Wariner, and Tammy Wynette performed. In addition, the lights of the Austin skyline backdrop were given new paint jobs. Season 8 of Austin City Limits featured

21280-488: Was hosted by Austin City Limits producer Terry Lickona. Season 15 of Austin City Limits celebrated the PBS live music program's 15th anniversary in 1990. The season marked the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s for the show. Season 15 of Austin City Limits, which aired in 1990, was the first season to use the 1989–1993 PBS logo with the "3D Glass." This logo remained in use until Season 17, which aired in 1992. In 1990, Season 15 of "Austin City Limits" featured "Will

21432-660: Was hosted first by Rodney Crowell during Season 1 in 2022, and by Ray Benson during Season 2 in 2023. By Season 16 in 1991, "Austin City Limits" was broadcast in the United States and Canada . Subsequently, it began broadcasting internationally in different countries via satellite. Translations were done in Mexico , Costa Rica , Colombia , the United Kingdom , Malaysia , Portugal , Germany , Switzerland , Austria , Turkey , Iran , South Korea , Australia ,

21584-718: Was located in Austin, Texas, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Austin City Limits was a popular venue for artists of all genres. It was known for its innovative sound and recording techniques. A plaque near the entrance to Communications Building B commemorates the show's long history. The plaque proclaims Austin City Limits to be the "longest running music show in the history of American television." Starting in Season 37 (2011-2012), Austin City Limits moved from Studio 6A to Austin City Limits Live at The Moody Theater in downtown Austin's Block 21 . The Moody Theater

21736-506: Was moved to San Antonio de Béxar and split into three missions. During the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River . Spanish forts were established in what are now Bastrop and San Marcos . Following Mexico's independence , new settlements were established in Central Texas . In 1835–1836, Texans fought and won independence from Mexico . Texas thus became an independent country with its own president, congress, and monetary system. In 1839,

21888-496: Was no longer credited as the executive producer. He retired after the 24th season in 1999 Season 25 of "Austin City Limits" aired in 2000. That season featured a Songwriters Special, with performances by Emmylou Harris, Dave Matthews, Patty Griffin, Buddy Miller, and Judy Miller. In the 25th anniversary season of "Austin City Limits," a new opening theme music was arranged by Tequila Mockingbird. This music remained in use until Season 29 (2003-2004). On November 18, 1999, Doug Sahm died at

22040-587: Was taken from Season 8, Episode 8 in 1983, featuring Michael Martin Murphey and Gary P. Nunn. During this season, PBS aired an Austin City Limits special titled "Country Memories," which was hosted by Willie Nelson. Season 9 of Austin City Limits featured performances by country music legends, including Faron Young, Kitty Wells, the Sons of the Pioneers, Joe and Rosie Maphis, Pee Wee King, Red Stewart, Johnny Wright, and

22192-418: Was the first season to use the 1984–1989 PBS logo featuring the "Split Profile". That logo would remain in use until Season 14 in 1989. Austin City Limits introduced an all-female Songwriters Special in 1986 during Season 11. The special featured female performers gathering around to perform their original songs. Emmylou Harris, Rosanne Cash, Gail Davies, Lacy J. Dalton, Pam Rose, and Mary Ann Kennedy were among

22344-494: Was the first season to use the 1996-1998 PBS logo with the "CGI Window." This logo remained in use through Season 23 in 1998. In 1997 during Season 22, "Austin City Limits" launched its website, which included material from the show's performers and new features designed just for the World Wide Web. The site also included a history of "Austin City Limits" and archival episodes. The "Austin City Limits" website can be found at

22496-403: Was the first season to use the 1998–2002 PBS logo with the "Circle P-Heads." This logo remained in use until Season 27 (2001-2002). In 2000, Austin City Limits celebrated its 25th anniversary during Season 25. The season celebrated 25 years of American music, and the 25th season of "Austin City Limits" marked a silver anniversary. Austin City Limits has introduced interview segments that air after

22648-491: Was the last season to use the 1971–1984 PBS logo with the "Tri-Colored Everyman P-Heads." This logo had been in use since the 1974 pilot episode with Willie Nelson, and Season 1 in 1976. Beginning with this season, the 1976 recording of "London Homesick Blues" from Season 1 is played during the opening credits. During the closing credits, a more modern recording of "London Homesick Blues" is featured, with Gary P. Nunn on lead vocals and several backup vocalists. The original recording

22800-516: Was the last season to use the 1993-1996 PBS logo with the "Orange CGI P-Head." This logo had been in use since Season 18, which aired in 1993. Season 21 featured a special episode called "Sagebrush Symphony," which showcased music of the American west. Performers included Michael Martin Murphey, the Sons of the San Joaquin, Hank Thompson, Robert Mirabal, and Herb Jeffries, who were accompanied by

22952-509: Was the last season to use the horse fences set that had been in use since Season 5 in 1980. The horse fences set was replaced by the Austin skyline backdrop in Season 7 in 1982. During Season 6, "Austin City Limits" became the highest rated live music show on PBS. That same year, Austin City Limits went to commercial syndication, and the show began syndicating to local stations under the name "Austin City Limits Encore." In 1981, during Season 6, PBS aired two Austin City Limits specials. "Swingin' Over

23104-659: Was to be constructed. A temporary one-story capitol was erected on the corner of Colorado and 8th Streets. On August 1, 1839, the first auction of 217 out of 306 lots total was held. The Waller Plan designed and surveyed now forms the basis of downtown Austin. In 1840, a series of conflicts between the Texas Rangers and the Comanches , known as the Council House Fight and the Battle of Plum Creek , pushed

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