Emperor Shun ( Chinese : 帝舜 ; pinyin : Dì Shùn ) was a legendary leader of ancient China , regarded by some sources as one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors being the last of the Five Emperors. Tradition holds that he lived sometime between 2294 and 2184 BC. Tradition also holds that those with the surname Hu (胡) are descendants of Emperor Shun. The Duke Hu of Chen , 胡公滿 , a descendant of Shun, became the founder of the State of Chen . Later Chen dynasty emperors such as Chen Baxian would also claim descent from Shun.
30-723: (Redirected from Great Shun ) Dashun or Da Shun (" Great Shun ") may refer to: Emperor Shun (帝舜), legendary leader of ancient China Shun dynasty (1644–1645), short-lived state under Li Zicheng Dashun (890–891), era name used by Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dashun (1644–1646), era name used by Zhang Xianzhong Places in China [ edit ] Dashun, Anhui , town in Shou County, Anhui Dashun, Chongqing , town in Fuling District, Chongqing Topics referred to by
60-489: A fishing village, the people there were at first fighting amongst themselves over the fishing grounds, and many people were injured or killed in the fights. Shun taught them how to share and allocate the fishing resources, and soon the village was prospering and all hostilities ceased. When Emperor Yao became old, he became distressed over the fact that his nine sons were all useless, only knew how to spend their days enjoying themselves with wine and song. Yao asked his ministers,
90-467: A fit of rage, he smashed his head against Buzhou Mountain , one of eight pillars holding up the sky, greatly damaging it and causing the sky to tilt towards the northwest and the Earth to shift to the southeast, which caused great floods and suffering. In one account of the myth, Gonggong kills himself in the process and fire comes out of the shattered mountain alongside floods. The goddess Nüwa cut off
120-491: Is a Chinese water god who is depicted in Chinese mythology and folktales as having a copper human head with an iron forehead, red hair, and the body of a serpent, or sometimes the head and torso are human, with the tail of a serpent. He is destructive and is blamed for various cosmic catastrophes. In all accounts, Gonggong ends up being killed or sent into exile, usually after losing a struggle with another major deity such as
150-514: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Emperor Shun Shun's clan name ( 姓 ) is Yao ( 姚 ), his lineage name ( 氏 ) is Youyu ( 有虞 ). His given name was Chonghua ( 重華 ). Shun is sometimes referred to as the Great Shun ( 大舜 ) or as Yu Shun or Shun of Yu ( 虞舜 ), "Yu" being the name of his fief, which he received from Yao . According to traditional sources, Shun received
180-623: Is identical to the first in English, but in Mandarin differs in tone ( Gōnggōng ), and in other Chinese languages in consonant and vowel as well (cf. Middle Chinese *kɨoŋ-kuŋ ). Gonggong's personal name is said to be Kanghui (pronounced either / ˈ k æ ŋ h uː i / KANG -hoo-ee in English, or as Mandarin Kānghuí kʰáŋ.xwěi kong- HWAY ). Gonggong is known from the late Warring States period (before 221 BC). Gonggong appears in
210-620: Is the Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation of 胡 Hú . Hồ Quý Ly , the founder of the Hồ dynasty , also claimed descent from Duke Hu of Chen and thereby direct descent from Shun. The Hồ family in Vietnam originated from China's Zhejiang province around the 900s. Tian (田) and Yuan (袁) also claim descent from the State of Chen . It is thought by some scholars that Mencius asserted "Shun
240-521: The Four Mountains , to propose a suitable successor. Yao then heard of Shun's tales. Wise Yao did not want to simply believe in the tales about Shun, so he decided to test Shun. Yao gave a district to Shun to govern and married his two daughters to him, with a small dowry of a new house and some money. Though given an office and money, Shun still lived humbly. He continued to work in the fields every day. Shun even managed to convince his two brides,
270-480: The Four Peaks , and put all affairs in proper order within three years. Yao was so impressed that he appointed Shun as his successor to the throne. Shun wished to decline in favour of someone more virtuous, but eventually assumed Yao's duties. It was said that "those who had to try a lawsuit did not go to Danzhu , but to Shun." Danzhu was the son of Yao. After ascending to the throne, Shun offered sacrifices to
300-511: The god Shang Di ( 上帝 ), as well as to the hills, rivers, and the host of spirits ( 神 ). Then he toured the eastern, the southern, the western, and the northern parts of the country; in each place he offered burnt-offering to Heaven at each of the four peaks ( Mount Tai , Mount Huang , Mount Hua and Mount Heng ), sacrificed to the hills and rivers, set in accord the seasons, months, and days, established uniform measurements of length and capacities, and reinforced ceremonial laws. Shun divided
330-404: The two princesses , Yao's daughters, named Ehuang (Fairy Radiance) and Nüying (Maiden Bloom), who were used to good living, to live humbly and work along the people. However, Shun's stepmother and half brother became extremely jealous and conspired to kill Shun. Once Shun's half brother Xiang lit a barn on fire, and convinced Shun to climb onto the roof to put the fire out, but then Xiang took away
SECTION 10
#1732772422226360-538: The Ancestral Temple to perform religious ceremonies, Hui as Director of Music, Long as Minister of Communications to counter deceptions and false reports. According to the Canon of Shun , Shun began to reign at the age of 30, reigned with Yao for 30 years, and reigned 50 more years after Yao's abdication, then Shun died. The Bamboo Annals state that Yao chose Shun as his heir three years before abdicating
390-620: The ancient " Heavenly Questions " ( Tianwen ) poem of the Chu Ci , where he is blamed for knocking the Earth's axis off center, causing it to tilt to the southeast and the sky to tilt to the northwest. This axial tilt is used to explain why the rivers of China generally flow to the southeast, especially the Yangzi River and the Yellow River , and why the Sun, Moon, and stars move towards
420-471: The country. But unfortunately, he died suddenly of an illness on the journey near the Xiang River . Both his wives rushed from home to his body, and wept by the river for days. Their tears turned into blood and stained the reeds by the river. From that day on, the bamboo of that region became red-spotted, which explains the origin of spotted bamboo . Then overcome by grief, both women threw themselves into
450-410: The fire god Zhurong . In astronomy , the dwarf planet 225088 Gonggong is named after Gonggong. In English, the two syllables of the name are the same. But in Mandarin, they differ in tone ( 共工 Gònggōng ), and in other Chinese languages they differ in their vowel and the initial consonant as well (cf. Middle Chinese *ɡɨoŋh-kuŋ , also Japanese kyōkō ). The most common variant of the name, 龔工 ,
480-406: The hard work in the family and only giving him the worst food and clothing. Shun's father, being blind and elderly, was often ignorant of Shun's good deeds and always blamed Shun for everything. Yet, despite these conditions, Shun never complained and always treated his father, his stepmother, and his half brother with kindness and respect. When he was barely an adult, his stepmother threw him out of
510-415: The house. Shun was forced to live on his own. Yet, because of his compassionate nature and his natural leadership skills, everywhere he went, people followed him, and he was able to organize the people to be kind to each other and do the best they could. When Shun first went to a village that produced pottery, after less than one year, the pottery became more beautiful than they had ever been. When Shun went to
540-450: The ladder, trapping Shun on the burning roof. Shun skilfully made a parachute out of his hat and cloth and jumped down in safety. Another time, Xiang and his mother conspired to get Shun drunk and then throw him into a dried-up well and then bury him with rocks and dirt. Shun's half-sister, never approving of her mother and brother's schemes, told Shun's wives about the scheme. Shun thus prepared himself. Shun pretended to get drunk, and when he
570-483: The land into twelve provinces, raising altars upon twelve hills, and deepening the rivers. Shun dealt with Four Perils : banishing Gonggong to You Prefecture , confining Huan-dou (驩兜) on Mount Chong (宗山), executing or imprisoning Gun a prisoner till his death on Feather Mountain ( 羽 ), and driving the San-Miao into San-Wei . Gun's son, Yu ( 禹 ), was subsequently appointed as minister of work(共工) to govern
600-503: The latter's grandson Emperor Zhuanxu . The Bamboo Annals (048) recorded the name of Shun's mother as Wodeng ( 握登 ), and Shun's birthplace as Yaoxu ( 姚墟 ). Wodeng died when Shun was very young. Shun's blind father Gusou ( 瞽叟 , literally: "blind elder") remarried soon after Shun's mother's death. Shun's stepmother then gave birth to Shun's half brother Xiang ( 象 ) and a half-sister ( Liènǚ Zhuàn , Ch. 1). Shun's stepmother and half brother treated Shun terribly, often forcing Shun to do all
630-557: The mantle of leadership from Emperor Yao at the age of 53, and then died at the age of 100 years. Before his death Shun is recorded as relinquishing his seat of power to Yu ( 禹 ), the founder of the Xia dynasty . Shun's capital was located in Puban ( 蒲阪 ), presently located in Shanxi ). Under Emperor Yao, Shun was appointed successively Minister of Instruction, General Regulator and chief of
SECTION 20
#1732772422226660-524: The northwest. Literature from the Han dynasty becomes much more detailed regarding Gonggong. Gonggong was credited in various mythological contexts as being responsible for great floods , often in concert with his minister Xiangliu (a.k.a. Xiangyao), who has nine heads and the body of a snake. Gonggong was ashamed that he lost the fight with Zhurong, the Chinese god of fire, to claim the throne of Heaven. In
690-506: The river and drowned. Shun considered his son, Shangjun ( 商均 ), as unworthy and picked Yu , the tamer of floods, as his heir. According to tradition, the Hu people are believed to be descendants of Emperor Shun. Gui Man , a direct descendant of Shun, became known as Chen Hugong or Duke Hu of Chen , meaning Duke Hu who founded the State of Chen . Later Chen dynasty emperors such as Chen Baxian would also claim descent from Shun. Hồ
720-409: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dashun . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dashun&oldid=1210856291 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
750-593: The throne to him. Both sources agree that after abdicating, Yao lived for another 28 years in retirement during Shun's reign. In later centuries, Yao and Shun were glorified for their virtue by Confucian philosophers. Shun was particularly renowned for his modesty and filial piety (xiao 孝 ). Sima Qian claimed in Annals of the Five Emperors ( 五帝本紀 ) that Shun descended from the Yellow Emperor through
780-471: The water and the land. Later, Shun appointed Yu to be General Regulator (Prime Minister). Yu wished to decline in favour of the Minister of Agriculture , or Xie (契), or Gao Yao , but finally accepted upon Shun's insistence. Shun then appointed Chui (垂) as the new minister of work (共工). Shun also appointed Yi as Minister of Animal Husbandry to govern the beasts and trees of the land, Bo-yi as Priest of
810-687: Was an Eastern barbarian ; he was born in Chu Feng, moved to Fu Hsia, and died in Ming T'iao and that emperor Yao came to his field's with oxs and married his daughters to him and appointed him and that he did not reign as emperor until after yao died because they cannot be two rulers. Additionally, the Bamboo Annals and Han Fei paint a very different picture of Shun. Both the Annals and the book Han Feizi stated that Shun overthrew Yao and left him in prison to die. Danzhu , Yao's son and rightful heir,
840-798: Was banished and later defeated in battle. In addition, Han Fei stated that Yu then rebelled and banished Shun. This account was referenced in Li Bai 's poem "Distant Parting" (遠別離). Han Fei also mentioned that Shun personally settled land and water disputes among farmers and fishermen by cohabitating with them. Three Exalted Ones: Suiren · Fuxi · Taihao · Nüwa · Zhurong · Shennong · Yandi · Gonggong · Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) Four Perils: Gonggong · Huandou · Gun · Sanmiao · Hundun · Qiongqi · Taowu · Taotie Five Primal Emperors: Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) · Shaohao · Zhuanxu · Ku · Zhi · Yao · Shun Gonggong Gonggong ( / ˈ ɡ ɒ ŋ ɡ ɒ ŋ / )
870-499: Was thrown into the well, he had already a tunnel pre-dug to escape to the surface. Thus, Shun survived many attempts on his life. Yet, he never blamed his stepmother or his half brother, and forgave them every time. Eventually, Shun's stepmother and half brother repented their past wrongs. Shun wholeheartedly forgave them both, and even helped Xiang get an office. Shun also managed to influence Emperor Yao's 9 worthless sons into becoming useful contributing members of society. Emperor Yao
900-509: Was very impressed by all of Shun's achievements, and thus chose Shun as his successor and put him on the throne in the year of Jiwei ( 己未 ). Yao's capital was in Ji ( 冀 ) which in modern times is also in Shanxi province. Shun is also renowned as the originator of the music called Dashao ( 大韶 ), a symphony of nine Chinese musical instruments . In the last year of Shun's reign, Shun decided to tour
#225774