The Norwegian Grey Troender ( Norwegian : Grå trøndersau ) is a very rare breed of domesticated sheep that originated from crossbreeding native landrace sheep with the now extinct Tautra sheep in the late 19th century. There are currently approximately 50 individual animals, nearly all residing within Norway .
95-518: Originally bred in the Trøndelag region of Norway, from where the sheep derives its name, the Grey Troender are most commonly varying shades of grey in color with distinctive white "tear drop" markings under the eyes. However, black, brown and white woolled Grey Troenders occasionally do occur. Both rams and ewes are polled and the breed have half-long or variable length tails. The wool of
190-587: A brief period, England became a commonwealth , with Oliver Cromwell the de facto ruler, with the title of Lord Protector . Frustrated with its decisions, Cromwell purged and suspended Parliament on several occasions. A controversial figure notorious for his actions in Ireland , Cromwell is nonetheless regarded as essential to the growth of democracy in England. The years of the Commonwealth, coupled with
285-479: A century. This state of affairs came to an end with the Liberal Revolution of 1820 , which set in motion the introduction of a new constitution, and a permanent and proper parliament, that however inherited the name of Cortes Gerais. The zemsky sobor (Russian: зе́мский собо́р) was the first Russian parliament of the feudal Estates type, in the 16th and 17th centuries. The term roughly means assembly of
380-571: A common law, and an early parliament or thing . It was called Frostating and was held at the Frosta -peninsula. By some, this is regarded as the first real democracy . In the time after Håkon Grjotgardsson (838-900), Trøndelag was ruled by the Jarl of Lade . Lade is located in the eastern part of Trondheim , bordering the Trondheimsfjord . The powerful Jarls of Lade continued to play
475-575: A convocation sejm established an elective monarchy in the Commonwealth. After its self-proclamation as an independent kingdom in 1139 by Afonso I of Portugal (followed by the recognition by the Kingdom of León in the Treaty of Zamora of 1143), the first historically established Cortes of the Kingdom of Portugal occurred in 1211 in Coimbra by initiative of Afonso II of Portugal . These established
570-480: A critical role in the 1640 Restoration , and enjoyed a brief period of resurgence during the reign of John IV of Portugal (r.1640-1656). But by the end of the 17th century, it found itself sidelined once again. The last Cortes met in 1698, for the mere formality of confirming the appointment of Infante John (future John V of Portugal ) as the successor of Peter II of Portugal . Thereafter, Portuguese kings ruled as absolute monarchs and no Cortes were assembled for over
665-555: A fact which they exploited incessantly. Nevertheless, Parliament in Henry VIII's time offered up very little objection to the monarch's desires. Under his and Edward 's reign, the legislative body complied willingly with the majority of the kings' decisions. Much of this compliance stemmed from how the English viewed and traditionally understood authority. As Williams described it, "King and parliament were not separate entities, but
760-405: A fair amount of meat. Interest in the breed tapered off in the 1970s, and the population was as low as 40 specimens in the 1990s. The population in 2017 was around 80 specimens.f Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate , making laws, and overseeing
855-566: A monarch. By the 15th century, in Britain, it had come to specifically mean the legislature. Since ancient times, when societies were tribal, there were councils or a headman whose decisions were assessed by village elders. This is called tribalism . Some scholars suggest that in ancient Mesopotamia there was a primitive democratic government where the kings were assessed by council. The same has been said about ancient India, where some form of deliberative assemblies existed, and therefore there
950-638: A single body, of which the monarch was the senior partner and the Lords and the Commons the lesser, but still essential, members." Although its role in government had expanded significantly in the mid 16th century, the Parliament of England saw some of its most important gains in the 17th century. A series of conflicts between the Crown and Parliament culminated in the execution of King Charles I in 1649. For
1045-610: A very significant political role in Norway up to 1030. Jarls of Lade ( Ladejarl ) were: Trøndelag (together with parts of Møre og Romsdal ) was briefly ceded in 1658 to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde and was ruled by king Charles X until it was returned to Denmark-Norway after the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. During that time, the Swedes conscripted 2,000 men in Trøndelag, forcing young boys down to 15 years of age to join
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#17327722555321140-460: Is Norway's only full-size speed skating hall north of Hamar . While the hall has never hosted a top level senior ISU Speed Skating World Cup event, it has frequently hosted Norwegian championships and junior world tour events. The final two stages of the 2022 Arctic Race of Norway were held within the county, as were the Norwegian road racing championships in 2010, 2017, and 2022. Trondheim
1235-457: Is a county and coextensive with the Trøndelag region (also known as Midt-Norge or Midt-Noreg, lit. "Mid-Norway") in the central part of Norway . It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County ( Norwegian : Trondhjems Amt ); in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denmark-Norway , and the counties were reunited in 2018 after a vote of
1330-541: Is also the starting point of the Styrkeprøven ≥500km endurance road race held most years since 1967, which heads down European route E6 through Trøndelag until Hjerkinn , after which point the race heads down to Oslo or just north of Oslo. Hitra and Frøya compete in the Island Games , though Norwegian press coverage outside the islands about their participations are virtually non-existent. Trøndelag
1425-407: Is called a trønder . The dialect spoken in the area, trøndersk , is characterized by dropping out most vowel endings; see apocope . Trøndelag is one of the most fertile regions of Norway, with large agricultural output. The majority of the production ends up in the Norwegian cooperative system for meat and milk, but farm produce is a steadily growing business. The Old Norse form of the name
1520-483: Is covered with fertile lands, especially the lowlands surrounding the Korsfjord, Trondheimsfjord, Borgenfjord, and Beitstadfjord. Trøndelag is the third largest county in Norway by agricultural land with its 1789sqkm, and has the second highest meat-output with a total of almost 75 000 tonnes in 2022. The county also houses the most milking-cows, and thereby has the highest milk output, with Steinkjer Kommune producing
1615-539: Is governed by the Trøndelag County Municipality . The town of Steinkjer is the seat of the county governor and county administration. However, both the county governor and Trøndelag County Municipality also have offices in Trondheim. The county oversees the 41 upper secondary schools , including nine private schools. Six of the schools have more than 1000 students: four in Trondheim plus
1710-481: Is increasing. In 1998, the Committee on Farm Animal Genetic Resources established a project for collecting and freezing semen from Grey Troender sheep rams in an effort to revive the breed. This sheep -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tr%C3%B8ndelag Trøndelag ( Urban East Norwegian: [ˈtrœ̂ndəˌlɑːɡ] ; or Trööndelage ( Southern Sami )
1805-635: Is not in the official name . Historically, parliaments included various kinds of deliberative, consultative, and judicial assemblies. What is considered to be the first modern parliament, was the Cortes of León , held in the Kingdom of León in 1188. According to the UNESCO , the Decreta of Leon of 1188 is the oldest documentary manifestation of the European parliamentary system. In addition, UNESCO granted
1900-621: Is one of the regions in Norway with the largest climatic variation - from the oceanic climate with mild and wetter winters along the coast to the very cold winters in the southeast inland highlands, where Røros is the only place in southern and central Norway to have recorded −50 °C (−58 °F). The first overnight freeze (temperature below −0 °C (32 °F) in autumn on average is August 24th in Røros, October 9th at Trondheim Airport Værnes, and as late as November 20th at Sula in Frøya. Most of
1995-422: Is served mixed with coffee to create a drink called karsk . The strength of the coffee varies, often on a regional basis. The mixing proportions also depend on the strength of the spirit with more coffee being used for spirit with higher alcohol content. In southern regions, people tend to use strong filter coffee, while in the north they typically serve karsk with as weak coffee as possible. The "official dish" of
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#17327722555322090-496: Is situated. The highest mountain is the 1,985-metre (6,512 ft) tall Storskrymten, which is located in the county border between Møre og Romsdal, Innlandet and Trøndelag. North of the Trondheimsfjord is the large Fosen peninsula, where Ørland Municipality is at its southwestern tip. Several valleys runs north or west to meet the fjord, with a river at its centre, such as Meldal, Gauldal, Stjørdal, Verdal. Further north
2185-718: Is the long Namdalen with the largest river, Namsen , and Namsos is situated where the river meets the Namsen fjord. The rivers are among the best salmon rivers in Europe, especially Namsen, Gaula, and Orkla. On the northwestern part of the region is the Vikna archipelago with almost 6,000 islands and islets. There are many national parks in the region, including Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park , Forollhogna National Park , Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park , Femundsmarka National Park and Børgefjell National Park . Trøndelag
2280-617: The Civil War , and again at the Glorious Revolution . It also provided the country with unprecedented stability. More stability, in turn, helped assure more effective management, organisation, and efficiency. Parliament printed statutes and devised a more coherent parliamentary procedure . The rise of Parliament proved especially important in the sense that it limited the repercussions of dynastic complications that had so often plunged England into civil war. Parliament still ran
2375-467: The Douro River , favoring the new royal city of Vila Nova de Gaia at the expense of the old episcopal city of Porto. The Portuguese Cortes met again under King Afonso III of Portugal in 1256, 1261 and 1273, always by royal summon. Medieval Kings of Portugal continued to rely on small assemblies of notables, and only summoned the full Cortes on extraordinary occasions. A Cortes would be called if
2470-714: The Parliament of Toulouse , the first parliament outside of Paris, whose jurisdiction extended over the most part of southern France. From 1443 until the French Revolution several other parliaments were created in some provinces of France ( Grenoble , Bordeaux ). All the parliaments could issue regulatory decrees for the application of royal edicts or of customary practices; they could also refuse to register laws that they judged contrary to fundamental law or simply as being untimely. Parliamentary power in France
2565-646: The Steinkjer Upper Secondary School and the Ole Vig Upper Secondary School in Stjørdalshalsen . The county has ten Folk high schools , with an eleventh folk high school being possibly being opened in Røros, with a possible start in 2019. The county is often sub-divided into several geographical regions: There are ten towns/cities in Trøndelag, plus the "mining town" of Røros. Along the coast in
2660-515: The restoration of the monarchy in 1660 and the subsequent Glorious Revolution of 1688 , helped reinforce and strengthen Parliament as an institution separate from the Crown. The Parliament of England met until it merged with the Parliament of Scotland under the Acts of Union . This union created the new Parliament of Great Britain in 1707. The Parliament of the United Kingdom followed at
2755-585: The 1188 Cortes of Alfonso IX the title of "Memory of the World" and the city of Leon has been recognized as the "Cradle of Parliamentarism". The English term is derived from Anglo-Norman and dates to the 14th century, coming from the 11th century Old French word parlement ' discussion, discourse ' , from parler , ' to talk ' . The meaning evolved over time, originally referring to any discussion, conversation, or negotiation through various kinds of deliberative or judicial groups, often summoned by
2850-462: The 11th century. It is thought that the breed is a fork of Spanish Merino sheep brought to Norway by monks during the 1500s. This theory has little written evidence to support it, which may be explained by Spains monopoly on Merino sheep until the 1800s, and export of the breed was punishable by death. Another theory is that the fine wool-features come from Moroccan sheep that were left on some islands outside Frøya. The presence of Moroccan sheep on Tarva
2945-574: The 14th and 15th centuries, reaching their apex when John I of Portugal relied almost wholly upon the bourgeoisie for his power. For a period after the 1383–1385 Crisis, the Cortes were convened almost annually. But as time went on, they became less important. Portuguese monarchs, tapping into the riches of the Portuguese empire overseas, grew less dependent on Cortes subsidies and convened them less frequently. John II (r.1481-1495) used them to break
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3040-415: The Cortes of Leiria of 1254 as the second sample of modern parliamentarism in the history of Europe (after the Cortes of León in 1188). In these Cortes the monetagio was introduced: a fixed sum was to be paid by the burghers to the Crown as a substitute for the septennium (the traditional revision of the face value of coinage by the Crown every seven years). These Cortes also introduced staple laws on
3135-450: The Cortes the aspect of a legislature. These petitions were originally referred to as aggravamentos (grievances) then artigos (articles) and eventually capitulos (chapters). In a Cortes-Gerais, petitions were discussed and voted upon separately by each estate and required the approval of at least two of the three estates before being passed up to the royal council. The proposal was then subject to royal veto (either accepted or rejected by
3230-660: The Federal Assembly itself, and is often mistaken for the entirety of the parliament) comes from the Russian word думать ( dumat ), "to think". The Boyar Duma was an advisory council to the grand princes and tsars of Muscovy . The Duma was discontinued by Peter the Great , who transferred its functions to the Governing Senate in 1711. The veche was the highest legislature and judicial authority in
3325-591: The Middle Ages and equivalent of the German word Reichstag . Today the term lives on in the official names of national legislatures and other institutions in the North Germanic countries. In Yorkshire and former Danelaw areas of England, which were subject to Norse invasion and settlement, the wapentake was another name for the same institution. The Sicilian Parliament , dating to 1097, evolved as
3420-579: The Swedish armies fighting against Poland and Brandenburg . Charles X feared the Trønders would rise against their Swedish occupiers, and thought it wise to keep a large part of the men away. Only about one-third of the men ever returned to their homes; some of them were forced to settle in the then Swedish Duchy of Estonia , as the Swedes thought it would be easier to rule the Trønders there, utilising
3515-482: The ancient maxim of divide and rule . In the fall of 1718, during the Great Northern War , General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt was ordered by king Charles XII of Sweden to lead a Swedish army of 10,000 men into Trøndelag to take Trondheim. Because of his poor supply lines back to Sweden, Armfeldt's army had to live off the land, causing great suffering to the people of the region. Armfeldt's campaign failed:
3610-461: The city—boyars, merchants, and common citizens—then gathered at Yaroslav's Court . Separate assemblies could be held in the districts of Novgorod. In Pskov the veche assembled in the court of the Trinity cathedral . " Conciliarism " or the "conciliar movement", was a reform movement in the 14th and 15th century Roman Catholic Church which held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with
3705-577: The conquered territories, such as those represented by the Gulating near Bergen in western Norway: Later national diets with chambers for different estates developed, e.g. in Sweden and in Finland (which was part of Sweden until 1809), each with a House of Knights for the nobility. In both these countries, the national parliaments are now called riksdag (in Finland also eduskunta ), a word used since
3800-539: The council by general writs from the sheriffs of their counties. Modern government has its origins in the Curia Regis; parliament descends from the Great Council, later known as the parliamentum , established by Magna Carta . During the reign of King Henry III (13th century), English Parliaments included elected representatives from shires and towns. Thus these parliaments are considered forerunners of
3895-513: The country even in the absence of suitable heirs to the throne, and its legitimacy as a decision-making body reduced the royal prerogatives of kings like Henry VIII and the importance of their whims. For example, Henry VIII could not simply establish supremacy by proclamation; he required Parliament to enforce statutes and add felonies and treasons. An important liberty for Parliament was its freedom of speech; Henry allowed anything to be spoken openly within Parliament and speakers could not face arrest –
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3990-423: The defenders of Trondheim succeeded in repelling his siege. After Charles XII was killed in the siege of Fredriksten in Norway's southeast, Armfeldt was ordered back into Sweden. During the ensuing retreat, his 6,000 surviving threadbare and starving Caroleans were caught in a fierce blizzard . Thousands of Caroleans froze to death in the Norwegian mountains, and hundreds more were crippled for life. The county
4085-472: The details of foreign policy. Some Muslim scholars argue that the Islamic shura (a method of taking decisions in Islamic societies) is analogous to the parliament. However, other scholars (notably from Hizb ut-Tahrir ) highlight what they consider fundamental differences between the shura system and the parliamentary system. England has long had a tradition of a body of men who would assist and advise
4180-627: The development of the Polish parliament, the Sejm , in around 1180. The term "sejm" comes from an old Polish expression denoting a meeting of the populace. The power of early sejms grew between 1146 and 1295, when the power of individual rulers waned and various councils grew stronger. Since the 14th century irregular sejms (described in various Latin sources as contentio generalis, conventio magna, conventio solemna, parlamentum, parlamentum generale, dieta ) have been convened by Poland's monarchs. From 1374,
4275-448: The ecclesiastics and the king. In 1215, they secured Magna Carta from King John of England . This established that the king may not levy or collect any taxes (except the feudal taxes to which they were hitherto accustomed), save with the consent of a council. It was also established that the most important tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics be summoned to the council by personal writs from the sovereign, and that all others be summoned to
4370-494: The executive government is no longer conducted in a royal court. Most historians date the emergence of a parliament with some degree of power, to which the throne had to defer, no later than the reign of Edward I . Like previous kings, Edward called leading nobles and church leaders to discuss government matters, especially finance and taxation . A meeting in 1295 became known as the Model Parliament because it set
4465-419: The first element has a stem form without umlaut . The county and national governments have also approved a Southern Sami name for the county: Trööndelage . When it is used with the word for county, it is Trööndelagen fylhke . People have lived in this region for thousands of years. In the early iron-age Trøndelag was divided into several petty kingdoms called fylki . The different fylki had
4560-526: The first general laws of the kingdom ( Leis Gerais do Reino ): protection of the king's property, stipulation of measures for the administration of justice and the rights of his subjects to be protected from abuses by royal officials, and confirming the clerical donations of the previous king Sancho I of Portugal . These Cortes also affirmed the validity of canon law for the Church in Portugal, while introducing
4655-403: The government via hearings and inquiries. The term is similar to the idea of a senate , synod or congress and is commonly used in countries that are current or former monarchies . Some contexts restrict the use of the word parliament to parliamentary systems , although it is also used to describe the legislature in some presidential systems (e.g., the Parliament of Ghana ), even where it
4750-465: The high nobility, but dispensed with them otherwise. Manuel I (r.1495-1521) convened them only four times in his long reign. By the time of Sebastian (r.1554–1578), the Cortes was practically an irrelevance. Curiously, the Cortes gained a new importance with the Iberian Union of 1581, finding a role as the representative of Portuguese interests to the new Habsburg monarch. The Cortes played
4845-527: The institution of the Hungarian Diet. An institutionalized Hungarian parliament emerged during the 14th and 15th centuries. Beginning under King Charles I , continuing under subsequent kings through into the reign of King Matthias I , the Diet was essentially convened by the king. However, under the rule of heavy handed kings like Louis the Great and during reign of the early absolutist Matthias Corvinus
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#17327722555324940-401: The internationally acclaimed Trondheim Symphony Orchestra , Trondheim Soloists , Olavsfestdagene and Trondheim Chamber Music Festival . The region is popularly known for its moonshine homebrew , called heimbrent or heimert. Although officially prohibited, the art of producing as pure homemade spirits as possible still has a strong following in parts of Trøndelag. Traditionally the spirit
5035-503: The king had to receive permission from that assembly to raise taxes and the 1454 Nieszawa Statutes granted the szlachta (nobles) unprecedented concessions and authority. The General Sejm (Polish sejm generalny or sejm walny ), first convoked by the John I Albert in 1493 near Piotrków , evolved from earlier regional and provincial meetings called sejmiks . Simultaneously, the Senate
5130-425: The king in its entirety) before becoming law. Nonetheless, the exact extent of Cortes power was ambiguous. Kings insisted on their ancient prerogative to promulgate laws independently of the Cortes. The compromise, in theory, was that ordinances enacted in Cortes could only be modified or repealed by Cortes. But even that principle was often circumvented or ignored in practice. The Cortes probably had their heyday in
5225-631: The king on important matters. Under the Anglo-Saxon kings, there was an advisory council, the Witenagemot . The name derives from the Old English ƿitena ȝemōt, or witena gemōt, for "meeting of wise men". The first recorded act of a witenagemot was the law code issued by King Æthelberht of Kent around 600, the earliest document which survives in sustained Old English prose; however, the Witan
5320-482: The king wanted to introduce new taxes, change some fundamental laws, announce significant shifts in foreign policy (e.g. ratify treaties), or settle matters of royal succession, issues where the cooperation and assent of the towns was thought necessary. Changing taxation (especially requesting war subsidies), was probably the most frequent reason for convening the Cortes. As the nobles and clergy were largely tax-exempt, setting taxation involved intensive negotiations between
5415-600: The king, along with ecclesiastics . William brought to England the feudal system of his native Normandy , and sought the advice of the Curia Regis before making laws. This is the original body from which the Parliament, the higher courts of law, and the Privy Council and Cabinet descend. Of these, the legislature is formally the High Court of Parliament; judges sit in the Supreme Court of Judicature . Only
5510-608: The land. It could be summoned either by tsar , or patriarch , or the Boyar Duma . Three categories of population, comparable to the Estates-General of France but with the numbering of the first two Estates reversed, participated in the assembly: The name of the parliament of nowadays Russian Federation is the Federal Assembly of Russia . The term for its lower house, State Duma (which is better known than
5605-455: The last days of Saint Olaf . Jazz on a very high level is frequently heard in Trondheim, due to the high-level jazz education in Trondheim at Institutt for musikk (NTNU) . Trondheim is also the national centre of rock music; the popular music museum Rockheim opened there in 2010. Trøndelag is known for its local variety of rock music, often performed in local dialect, called "trønderrock". Several institutions are nationally funded, including
5700-529: The legislature of the Kingdom of Sicily . The Diet of Hungary, or originally Parlamentum Publicum and Parlamentum Generale ( Hungarian : Országgyűlés ), became the supreme legislative institution in the medieval kingdom of Hungary from the 1290s, and in its successor states, Royal Hungary and the Habsburg kingdom of Hungary throughout the Early Modern period . The name of the legislative body
5795-432: The lowland areas near the fjords have a humid continental climate (or oceanic if -3C is used as winter threshold), while the most oceanic areas along the coast have a temperate oceanic climate with all monthly means above 0 °C (32 °F). The inland valleys, hills, and highlands below the treeline have a boreal climate with cold winters and shorter summers, but still with potential for warm summer temperatures. Above
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#17327722555325890-512: The modern parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort , then in rebellion against Henry III, summoned a parliament of his supporters without royal authorisation. The archbishops , bishops , abbots , earls , and barons were summoned, as were two knights from each shire and two burgesses from each borough . Knights had been summoned to previous councils, but it was unprecedented for the boroughs to be represented. In 1295, Edward I adopted De Montfort's ideas for representation and election in
5985-408: The monarch still possessed a form of inarguable dominion over its decisions. According to Elton, it was Thomas Cromwell , 1st Earl of Essex, then chief minister to Henry VIII, who initiated still other changes within parliament. The Acts of Supremacy established the monarch as head of the Church of England. The power of Parliament, in its relationship with the monarch, increased considerably after
6080-492: The most. In 2018 Trøndelag was the largest provider of beef, chicken, milk and eggs, outputting 21.1% of all milk production, and 18.9% of all beef, 28.7% of all chicken, 23.5% of all eggs, 13.2% of cereals and 23.2% of all hay produced in Norway. Trøndelag is very much a rural county, housing merely 8.7% of Norway's population. Trøndelag is the origin of multiple animal breeds, the best known being Grey Troender sheep and Sided Troender cattle (STN). Sided Troender cattle , as
6175-463: The name implies, is a white cow with coloured sides. It is based on "Rørosfe" from the Røros area, but later merged with the less standardized Nordland cattle. Together they are viewed as one breed with roots in both Trøndelag and Nordland, and has been since the 1920s. The breed standards are based on the original Trønder standards rather than the looser Nordland standards, with some cows being red, prioritizing black sides on hornless white cows. These are
6270-411: The old and new classes of royal servants (servientes regis) against both the crown and the magnates, and to defend the rights of the whole nation against the crown by restricting the powers of the latter in certain fields and legalizing refusal to obey its unlawful/unconstitutional commands (the " ius resistendi "). The lesser nobles also began to present Andrew with grievances, a practice that evolved into
6365-583: The parliaments were often convened to announce the royal decisions, and had no significant power of its own. Since the reign of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the parliament has regained most of its former power. According to the Chronicles of Gallus Anonymus , the first legendary Polish ruler, Siemowit , who began the Piast dynasty , was chosen by an ancient wiec council. The idea of the wiec led to
6460-556: The pattern for later Parliaments. The significant difference between the Model Parliament and the earlier Curia Regis was the addition of the Commons: that is, the inclusion of elected representatives of rural landowners and of townsmen. In 1307, Edward agreed not to collect certain taxes without the "consent of the realm" through parliament. He also enlarged the court system. The tenants-in-chief often struggled for power with
6555-402: The population had grown to 1200, whereof 500 are fertile ewes, distributed among 35 herds, and efforts are being made to revive the breed..The Committee on Farm Animal Genetic Resources has collected and frozen 3500 sperm-samples for future breeding. Troender Rabbit (Trønderkanin) Is the only domestic Norwegian breed of rabbit. The breed was very popular during WWII as it grew fast and provided
6650-464: The prohibition of the purchase of lands by churches or monasteries (although they can be acquired by donations and legacies). After the conquest of Algarve in 1249, the Kingdom of Portugal completed its Reconquista . In 1254 King Afonso III of Portugal summoned Portuguese Cortes in Leiria , with the inclusion of burghers from old and newly incorporated municipalities. This inclusion establishes
6745-707: The region is sodd which is made from diced sheep or beef meat and meatballs in boiled stock. Association football and handball are widely played and watched throughout the county. As of 26 January 2024, teams in tier 1 through 3 in men's football include Rosenborg BK , Ranheim Fotball , Levanger FK , IL Stjørdals-Blink , and Strindheim IL . Tier 1 through 3 in women's football include Rosenborg BK Kvinner , KIL/Hemne , and Tiller IL . In men's handball, tier 1 and 2 include Kolstad Håndball , Melhus IL , and Charlottenlund SK , while in women's handball, tier 1 and 2 include Byåsen HE and Levanger Håndballklubb . Fosenhallen outside Botngård in southwestern Fosen ,
6840-519: The reigns of King Ladislaus I and King Coloman "the Learned", assemblies were held on a national scale where both ecclesiastic and secular dignitaries made appearances. The first exact written mention of the word "parlamentum" (Parliament) for the nation-wide assembly originated during the reign of King Andrew II in the Golden Bull of 1222 , which reaffirmed the rights of the smaller nobles of
6935-520: The republic of Novgorod until 1478. In its sister state, Pskov , a separate veche operated until 1510. Since the Novgorod revolution of 1137 ousted the ruling grand prince , the veche became the supreme state authority. After the reforms of 1410, the veche was restructured on a model similar to that of Venice , becoming the Commons chamber of the parliament. An upper Senate -like Council of Lords
7030-497: The royal council and the burgher delegates at the Cortes. Delegates ( procuradores ) not only considered the king's proposals, but, in turn, also used the Cortes to submit petitions of their own to the royal council on a myriad of matters, e.g. extending and confirming town privileges, punishing abuses of officials, introducing new price controls, constraints on Jews , pledges on coinage, etc. The royal response to these petitions became enshrined as ordinances and statutes, thus giving
7125-503: The sheep is uniform with mean fibre diameter of 32.3 micrometres and 2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lb) greasy fleece weight. The wool was traditionally used for handicrafts and the pelts were used for woolskin rugs. The adult live weight of ewes is between 70 and 80 kg (150 and 180 lb). The mean litter size is 1.8 lambs born per year. Lambs are generally slaughtered at 6 months age (30 to 40 kg (66 to 88 lb) live weight). The present population numbers only around 50 sheep but
7220-471: The so-called " Model Parliament ". At first, each estate debated independently; by the reign of Edward III , however, Parliament had grown closer to its modern form, with the legislative body having two separate chambers. The purpose and structure of Parliament in Tudor England underwent a significant transformation under the reign of Henry VIII . Originally its methods were primarily medieval, and
7315-476: The southwest are the largest islands in Norway south of the Arctic Circle, including Hitra and Frøya . The broad and long Trondheimsfjord is a main feature, and the lowland surrounding the fjord are among the most important agricultural areas in Norway. In the far south is the mountain ranges Dovrefjell and Trollheimen , and in the southeast is highlands and mountain plateaus, and this is where Røros
7410-522: The thing was often also the place for public religious rites and for commerce. The thing met at regular intervals, legislated, elected chieftains and kings , and judged according to the law, which was memorised and recited by the " law speaker " (the judge). The Icelandic, Faroese and Manx parliaments trace their origins back to the Viking expansion originating from the petty kingdoms of Norway as well as Denmark, replicating Viking government systems in
7505-487: The traits most reminiscing of the old "Rørosfe". Red Troender cattle is a now extinct breed based on the Scottish Ayrshire cattle. This domestic breed of horned red cows was mixed into extinction in the 1960s, and is now succeeded by Norwegian Red Cattle (NRF). Tautra sheep (Tautersau) was a breed of sheep from the island Tautra, which was and still is heavily populated by monks, who have held sheep since
7600-734: The treeline is alpine tundra . There are 38 municipalities in Trøndelag. Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal held a referendum on 17 January 2022 on whether to move from Møre og Romsdal to Trøndelag, which was rejected; 36.77% voted to move, while 63.23% voted to stay. Similar referendums were hosted and rejected the preceding autumn in Aure on 13 September 2021 (45% to move, 51% to stay), and in Smøla on 26 September 2021 (27.24% to move, 70.23% to stay). Bindal Municipality in Nordland
7695-432: The two counties in 2016. The largest city in Trøndelag is the city of Trondheim . The administrative centre is Steinkjer , while Trondheim functions as the office of the county mayor. Both cities serve the office of the county governor; however, Steinkjer houses the main functions. Trøndelag county and the neighbouring Møre og Romsdal county together form what is known as Central Norway . A person from Trøndelag
7790-648: The union with Ireland. Originally, there was only the Parlement of Paris , born out of the Curia Regis in 1307, and located inside the medieval royal palace, now the Paris Hall of Justice . The jurisdiction of the Parliament of Paris covered the entire kingdom. In the thirteenth century, judicial functions were added. In 1443, following the turmoil of the Hundred Years' War , King Charles VII of France granted Languedoc its own parliament by establishing
7885-598: The unity of the nation and the state. The general parliament of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth consisted of three estates – the King of Poland, the Senate (consisting of Ministers, Palatines, Castellans and Roman Catholic Bishops) and the Chamber of Envoys comprising 170 nobles acting on behalf of their holdings as well as representatives of major cities, who did not possess any voting privileges. In 1573,
7980-427: Was Þrǿndalǫg . The first element is the genitive plural of þrǿndr which means "person from Trøndelag", while the second is lǫg (plural of lag which means "law; district/people with a common law" (compare Danelaw , Gulaþingslǫg and Njarðarlǫg ). A parallel name for the same district was Þróndheimr which means "the homeland ( heim ) of the þrǿndr ". Þróndheimr may be older since
8075-456: Was also created, with title membership for all former city magistrates. Some sources indicate that veche membership may have become full-time, and parliament deputies were now called vechniks . It is recounted that the Novgorod assembly could be summoned by anyone who rung the veche bell , although it is more likely that the common procedure was more complex. This bell was a symbol of republican sovereignty and independence. The whole population of
8170-615: Was certainly in existence long before then. The Witan, along with the folkmoots (local assemblies), is an important ancestor of the modern English parliament. As part of the Norman Conquest , the new king, William I , did away with the Witenagemot, replacing it with a Curia Regis ("King's Council"). Membership of the Curia was largely restricted to the tenants-in-chief , the few nobles who "rented" great estates directly from
8265-427: Was documented in 1757, and they are thought to have been brought inland. What is known for certain is that Hertfordshire Ryelander rams were imported in the late 1700s to mate with the local Tautra sheep. The Norwegian government held a breeding station on Edøy, that was laid to waste by invading forces during WWII. Despite a couple of decentralized breeding stations the population was too low, and to prevent inbreeding it
8360-500: Was founded on the earlier curia regis , convened at the king's discretion. Hence, the year 1493 marked the beginning of a bicameral legislative body of government . With the subsequent development of Polish Golden Liberty in the next several decades, the Sejm's powers systematically increased. Poland was among the few countries in Europe where the parliament played an especially important role in its national identity as it contributed to
8455-399: Was mixed, amongst others with Old Norwegian Sheep, to improve the quality of other breeds. Grey Troender sheep is an endangered domesticated breed counting only 50 specimens in the year 2000. The crossbreeding to create the Grey Troender started in the late 1800s with heavy influence from Old Norwegian Sheep and Tautra Sheep. To protect this breed the government subsidises breeders. By 2011
8550-443: Was not representative, but rather direct, and therefore the ekklesia was different from the parliamentary system. The Roman Republic had legislative assemblies , who had the final say regarding the election of magistrates, the enactment of new statutes , the carrying out of capital punishment, the declaration of war and peace, and the creation (or dissolution) of alliances. The Roman Senate controlled money, administration, and
8645-550: Was originally "Parlamentum" during the Middle Ages, the "Diet" expression gained mostly in the Early Modern period. It convened at regular intervals with interruptions during the period of 1527 to 1918, and again until 1946. Some researchers have traced the roots of the Hungarian institution of national assemblies as far back as the 11th century. This based on documentary evidence that, on certain "important occasions" under
8740-585: Was originally decreed by Stortinget on 8 June 2017 to become part of Nærøysund (and thus become part of Trøndelag), but the decision was reversed after another hearing on 21 November 2017, well in advance of Nærøysund becoming a municipality on 1 January 2020. The region's official theatre is the Trøndelag Teater in Trondheim. At Stiklestad in Verdal , the historical play called The Saint Olav Drama has been played each year since 1954. It depicts
8835-405: Was some form of democracy . However, these claims are not accepted by other scholars, who see these forms of government as oligarchies . Ancient Athens was the cradle of democracy . The Athenian assembly ( ἐκκλησία , ekklesia ) was the most important institution, and every free male citizen could take part in the discussions. Slaves and women could not. However, Athenian democracy
8930-497: Was suppressed more so than in England as a result of absolutism , and parliaments were eventually overshadowed by the larger Estates General , up until the French Revolution , when the last Estates General transformed itself into a National Assembly , a legislative body whose existence is independent of the royal power. A thing or ting ( Old Norse and Icelandic : þing ; other modern Scandinavian : ting , ding in Dutch )
9025-517: Was the governing assembly in Germanic societies, made up of the free men of the community and presided by lawspeakers . The thing was the assembly of the free men of a country, province or a hundred (hundare/härad/herred) . There were consequently, hierarchies of things, so that the local things were represented at the thing for a larger area, for a province or land. At the thing, disputes were solved and political decisions were made. The place for
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