Guarapari is a coastal town of Espírito Santo , Brazil , a popular tourist destination. Its beach is famous for the high natural radioactivity level of its sand.
76-454: Guarapari is a part of Greater Vitoria, 47 km south of the state capital Vitória . Its population is 126,701 (2020) and its area is 592 km. It is a well-known tourist destination, known for its curving white sand beaches backed by commercial development, which extend southward to Nova Guarapari and Meaípe . With its heavily built-up coastline like Vila Velha and Vitória, it caters heavily to seasonal tourists, and consequently has quite
152-402: A city, but its insular isolation prevented its development. From 1894 on, many landfills were implemented in the lower parts of the city with the coffee cycle, changing the shape of the island and urbanising it. Several new neighbourhoods were thus inhabited and public steps built to connect them with the higher ground and ancient houses were demolished. Moreover, sanitation was improved. In 1927,
228-712: A constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves , prompted by the 1808 transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil . The Portuguese court were fleeing the Napoleonic Invasion of Portugal (1807) . After the Independence of Brazil in 1822, Espírito Santo's provincial status was kept, and it was headed by an appointed provincial president. Emperor Pedro II , who
304-504: A dramatic seasonal population fluctuation. The municipality contains the 953 hectares (2,350 acres) Concha d'Ostra Sustainable Development Reserve , established in 2003 to protect the mangroves of the Bay of Guarapari. It also contains the 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) Paulo César Vinha State Park , which protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. Formerly called
380-558: A hereditary fief , was granted to Vasco Coutinho by Manuel I of Portugal around three decades after the Portuguese first landed in Brazil in 1500. He arrived at the captaincy to serve his term on 23 May 1535, bringing a retinue of 60 soldiers, colonists, slaves, and servants. They settled on Vitória Island and around the Bay of Vitória. The capital was at first established in Vila Velha , but due to frequent raids by Amerindians, it
456-848: A motorway linking the Brazilian south and northeast with the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória, the BR-262 that connects the Central region with Vitória and the Rodovia do Sol (Sun Motorway). Aside from the national highways, the ES-060 runs through the city, which links the local coastal regions. The city has two ports: the Port of Vitória and the Porto do Tubarão . The Porto de Vitória
532-506: A very rugged relief composed of hills, some of them derived from residual forms, gently undulating terrains and plains. The city is part of the Atlantic Forest , a biome that extends along the eastern coast of Brazil , as well as part of the coastal-marine system. In this way, the plant cover of Espírito Santo is composed of tropical forests , mangroves , sandbanks and dune vegetation. Two rivers are responsible for supplying
608-415: A year. The passenger terminal is air conditioned, with a constructed area of nearly 17,000 square meters, a check-in concourse, 25 check-in counters and boarding and arrival lounges. The recent construction of new aircraft parking boxes on the aprons has improved the airport's operational efficiency. In 2012, more than 3.7 million passengers used the airport, and in 2013 this rose to almost 4 million. Vitória
684-443: Is a state in southeastern Brazil . Its capital is Vitória , and its largest city is Serra . With an extensive coastline , the state hosts some of the country's main ports, and its beaches are significant tourist attractions. The capital, Vitória, is located on an island, which borders the municipalities of Vila Velha , Cariacica , and Serra . These municipalities, plus the outer cities of Fundão and Guarapari , constitute
760-466: Is a city located on the southeastern coast of Brazil . It belongs to the state of Espírito Santo , with the role of the capital of the state. Its territory extends over 97.12 km , being one of the smallest cities in the state and the smallest among the 27 Brazilian capitals. Located in Vitória Bay, it is divided between the mainland and the island of Vitória. The municipality has an outlet, to
836-588: Is also required as part of the official curriculum for both elementary schools and high school . The second most taught language is English , followed by Spanish , French and Italian . Curiously, within the state of Espírito Santo , the German language (especially the East Pomeranian variety) has probably as many speakers as the French and Italian languages, although it is not available as part of
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#1732783658048912-509: Is currently located the Club de Regatas Saldanha da Gama, near the city center, and the hill where sits the actual Santa Casa de Misericórdia hospital, in Vila Rubim. The city was built on the highlands, which originated several narrow streets. The lowlands were under attack and because of that a number of fortresses were built in the coastline. On February 24, 1823, the town of Vitória became
988-409: Is home to the biggest community of East Pomeranian speakers in the world. More than a century after arriving to Espírito Santo, East Pomeranian continues to be spoken and remains an important part of Espírito Santo's heritage for many people. To this day, they continue centuries-old customs within their communities. Between 1858 and 1862, a group of Dutch settlers from Zeeuws-Vlaanderen migrated to
1064-406: Is increasing. Sands and marbles are also important products of Espírito Santo extractivism . The state's subsoil is rich in minerals, including oil, with considerable reserves of limestone, marble, manganese, ilmenite, bauxite, zirconium, monazites, and rare earths, although not all are being explored. In mineral extraction, exploration of reserves of marbles, limestone, and dolomite is happening in
1140-638: Is located at one end of Camburi Beach. The Vitória-Minas Railway , which carries cargo from the Central Region, also carries passengers from Vitória to Belo Horizonte. The Deputy Darcy Castelo de Mendonça Bridge, also known as the Third Bridge (Portuguese: Terceira Ponte), is the second tallest bridge in Brazil , connecting and reducing the distance between the cities of Vila Velha and Vitória. There are four professional football teams in
1216-582: Is one of the 32 airports in the Infraero network that has a cargo terminal. In May 1999, the first direct international freight connection started between Vitoria and the United States ( Miami ) began operating to Vitória, facilitating imports to the state of Espírito Santo . Today there are five such flights a week. Vitoria has two urban transportation systems. The main access roads are the BR-101 ,
1292-472: Is represented primarily by cattle raised for milk and beef. Industry consists mainly of canning, forestry, textiles, and iron and steel works. The latter two are concentrated around Cariacica and the Vale do Rio Doce ironworks. Vitória is an important port for the exporting of iron and steel; the state is among the biggest steel-producing regions the world. In São Mateus , petroleum reserves have been found on
1368-533: Is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo , Brazil . It is located on a small island within a bay where a number of rivers meet the sea. It was founded in 1551. The city proper is 93 square kilometres (36 square miles) and has a population of 322,869 (2022), whilst the Greater Vitória metropolitan area has a population of more than 1,880,828, the 14th largest in Brazil. Vitória is a riverine island surrounded by Vitória's Bay. In addition to Vitória,
1444-461: Is the largest component of GDP at 50%, followed by the industrial sector at 44%. Agriculture represents 5% of GDP (2004). Espírito Santo's exports consisted mainly of manufacturing of iron and steel 35.8%, iron ore 25.2%, paper 17.6%, coffee 7.7%, and granite 6.5% (as of 2002). Espírito Santo is Brazil's highest steel-producing state. The main crops grown are coffee, sugarcane, and fruits (mostly coconuts, bananas and papayas ). The livestock industry
1520-432: Is the most difficult port for ships to access in all of Brazil. The Bay of Vitória is extremely narrow, with rocks and hills that complicate access by freighters and maritime cruisers to the docks. Ships, cars, and people all compete for space. There are restrictions on traffic, limiting the use of the port. Currently, the port is mostly used by cruise ships and for the repair of ships and oil platforms. The Port of Tubarão
1596-618: The Amerindian natives of the golden color of corn. A more mainstream explanation is that the name is a metaphor for a corn-grower; Vitória Island is known to have been full of corn plantations in the early centuries of Portuguese rule in Brazil. A third etymology is from the name of a local tribe, borrowed by the Portuguese during the colonial period. Originally, capixaba referred only to people from Vitória, but in common parlance, it eventually came to refer to those born anywhere in
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#17327836580481672-590: The Greater Vitória region) are Cachoeiro de Itapemirim , Colatina , Linhares , São Mateus and Aracruz . The main river serving the state is the Doce (English: Sweet River). Other important river basins include the Santa Maria River [ pt ] basin, the northern branch of the inlets flowing into the sea near Vitória, and the Jucu River Basin, which flows into the sea at roughly
1748-607: The Tupiniquim , Temininó , Aymoré , Puri , and Botocudo . They have largely been absorbed into the Portuguese-Brazilian civilization, and few live in reservations or tribes. Especially in the 16th century, several towns in Espírito Santo were founded with primarily Amerindian populations converted to Catholicism, such as Serra and Santa Cruz . Amerindian food has left its legacy in capixaba culture;
1824-413: The Brazilian abolitionist movement in the guise of its slave rebellion of 1848–1849, which required the intervention of imperial troops. Slavery began to lose its economic importance in Espírito Santo after that event. Pinning down the exact numbers of immigrants of several ethnic groups from Europe is difficult. Many of these groups came to Espírito Santo under a common Austrian–Hungarian passport, or in
1900-579: The Brazilian capitals, Vitória currently maintains the second best human development index (HDI) (after Florianópolis ) according to research from the Getulio Vargas Foundation . It was considered the fourth best Brazilian city to live in by the United Nations in 2013, behind São Caetano do Sul , Águas de São Pedro and Florianópolis , and it was ranked as having the highest GDP per capita . The city has two major ports:
1976-677: The Cachoeiro de Itapemirim area. Although relatively small, the industrial park in Espírito Santo is home to chemical, metallurgical, food, and paper and cellulose industries. About industry , Espírito Santo in 2017 had an industrial GDP of R$ 21.3 billion, equivalent to 1.8% of the national industry. It employed 168,357 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: extraction of oil and natural gas (23.0%), construction (20.5%), industrial services of public utility, such as electricity and water (12.3%), metallurgy (7.5 %), and pulp and paper (6.6%). These sectors concentrate 69.9% of
2052-494: The Getúlio Vargas Foundation. This same research institution also claims that Vitória is the 9th best city in Brazil to work in. The capital of Espírito Santo has the highest per capita income among the capitals of Brazil. Source: IBGE 2000 Vitória's economy is based on port activities, active trade, industry, and also providing services to tourism. The capital of Espírito Santo has two ports that are
2128-409: The Metropolitan Region of Vitória: Santa Maria da Vitória river and Jucu river. The beaches that make up the coast of the city are the beaches of Camburi, Curva da Jurema and Castanheiras. The municipality of Vitória is composed of 80 neighborhoods , which are divided into nine different administrative regions: The relief of the islands is an extension of the continent, whether granite, surrounded by
2204-634: The Port of Vitória and the Port of Tubarão . These ports are part of the largest port complex of the country, which are considered the best in quality of Brazil. The city, which lies on the coast, is close to the mountains of Espírito Santo . Through the city's port authority, the city council also manages the Trindade and Martim Vaz islands, 1,100 kilometres (680 miles) off the coast, which are important meteorological bases because of their strategic position: located in an area of dispersion of air masses. Vitória
2280-468: The Setiba nature reserve, it is a pristine example of a coastal ecosystem and important for local turtle and bird populations. The municipality has had European presence since 1585 when Jesuit missionaries built a small chapel and dug a well. The city is served by Guarapari Airport . Along a roughly 500-mile (800 km) portion of Brazil's Atlantic coast that runs from north of Rio de Janeiro up to
2356-558: The United States is 0.34 μSv/h while a chest x-ray is a one time exposure of 0.1 mSv, and an abdominal and pelvic CT scan with and without contrast is 20-30 mSv. In the Guarapari city, radiation levels are far lower: a study among 320 inhabitants showed an average received dose of 0.6 μSv/h, corresponding to 5.2 mSv per year. Vit%C3%B3ria, Esp%C3%ADrito Santo Vitória ( Portuguese pronunciation: [viˈtɔɾjɐ] ; lit. ' Victory ' )
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2432-510: The banks of the Doce River. The area contains some 26 large lakes, the biggest of which is called Juparanã Lagoon . The state can be divided into two areas: the low lying coastline and the highland area known as Serra (where one can find the 2,890 meter tall Pico da Bandeira ), which is part of the larger Serra do Caparaó range . Ethnicities of Espírito Santo in 2022. According to the 2022 census , 3,833,712 people were residing in
2508-517: The bridge that connected the island to the mainland was opened and it was followed in 1941 by the first harbour pier. The port had an important development. Wide avenues were opened over landfills. With these changes, the city became the largest urban space of State of Espírito Santo, a metropolis. In 1970, the Vitória Harbour rose to one of the most important in the country, and the city began its industrialization process. The modernization of
2584-471: The case of the Tyroleans, under an Italian passport. Tyrolean settlers were both of German and Italian language and concentrated in the region of Santa Leopoldina and Santa Teresa. Romanians (especially from Transylvania and Bukovina ) and Roma usually arrived under Austrian passports. Large groups of Romani people settled in Espírito Santo's countryside in the late 19th century. The service sector
2660-433: The city is 39.6 °C (103.3 °F) (INMET) on February 25, 2006, and the minimum is less than 9 °C (48 °F), which resulted from the cold Falklands oceanic current . Vitória shares the position of the Brazilian capital with the lowest rates of rainfall with Rio de Janeiro at approximately 918 millimetres (36.1 in) annually. Vitória is also the city that presents the lowest temperature range in practically
2736-701: The city, Rio Branco Atlético Clube , usually known simply as Rio Branco, Vitória Futebol Clube (ES) , usually known simply as Vitória (or as Vitória-ES), Espírito Santo Futebol Clube , usually known simply as Espírito Santo, Doze Futebol Clube, usually known simply as Doze, currently playing in Campeonato Capixaba first level. Vitória is home to numerous colonial-period and imperial-period historic structures, many designated as federal, state, or municipal monuments. Esp%C3%ADrito Santo Espírito Santo ( Portuguese: [(i)sˈpiɾitu ˈsɐ̃tu] ; lit. ' Holy Spirit ' )
2812-611: The coastal zone, and were a strong influence. The first German settlement, Santa Isabel , was founded in 1844, and still stands. Like today's capixaba Italian community, they still hold on to many aspects of their ancestors' homeland's culture, as represented in festivals such as the Sommerfest in Domingos Martins . Domingos Martins also hosts a Colonization Museum, where one can find old photos, artifacts, and documents pertaining to that settlement movement. Espírito Santo
2888-412: The continental shelf, and are being commercially exploited. In agricultural production, coffee, sugarcane, papaya, banana, and coconut stand out. It also produces cassava , oranges, and beans. In 2020, Espírito Santo was the largest producer of Coffea canephora in Brazil, with a 66.3% share of the total (564.5 thousand tons, or 9.4 million 60 kg bags). In 2017, Minas accounted for 54.3% of
2964-531: The east, to the Atlantic Ocean and borders three other municipalities: Serra , to the north, Cariacica to the west, and Vila Velha to the south. Together with them and the municipalities of Fundão, Guarapari and Viana, it forms the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, also called Greater Vitória. The city of Vitória integrates the domain of the coastal plain. Its substrate is divided between an area of folds and another of sedimentary deposits, which gives it
3040-663: The extractive sectors, such as Petrobras . The main shopping center in Vitória is the Shopping Vitória, featuring over 400 shops, a large food court and a cineplex. There is also the Shopping Norte Sul, with 99 stores, the Shopping Centro da Praia, Shopping Boulevard, among others. Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. A secondary language
3116-548: The first elected governor of Espírito Santo, Alfeu Adolfo Monjardim de Andrade e Almeida , was inaugurated on 7 June 1891. During the Vargas Era , state governors were indirectly elected by Congress . A short period of democracy existed during the Second Brazilian Republic ; Carlos Monteiro Lindenberg was elected governor. However, after the 1964 coup d'état , governors were once again chosen by
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3192-411: The fish-based Moqueca capixaba is the state dish, among other local typical seafood dishes. One large ethnic group in the state is known as Turcos. Technically from the region that is now Syria and Lebanon, they came to the state fleeing World War I. As at the time, they were Ottoman Empire citizens, they were commonly called "Turcos" (Turks). Large communities were established in the southern part of
3268-520: The island led to the disappearance of almost all traces of the Colonial and Imperial Brazilian epochs. According to the IBGE of 2022, there were 322,869 people residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 45.6% White , 41.6% Pardo (Multiracial), 12.4% Black , 0.2% Asian , and 0.2% Amerindian . Vitória is the second Brazilian capital with the best quality of life, according to research at
3344-476: The largest oil province in the country, with total reserves of 2.5 billion barrels. About 140 thousand barrels a day are produced. Oil fields are located both on land and at sea, in shallow, deep, and ultra-deep waters, containing light and heavy oil and unassociated gas. In the urban centers of the capital and Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, practically all the main units of the Espírito Santo transformation industry are concentrated. The steel industries are located in
3420-427: The laying roads leading into Minas Gerais, as gold could be smuggled through the state. With 46,180 square kilometers (17,830 sq mi), it is about the size of Estonia, or half the size of Portugal, and has a variety of habitats including coastal plains, lakes, mountainous forests, mangroves and many others. The volcanic islands of Trindade and Martim Vaz , 715 kilometers (444 mi) east of Vitória in
3496-491: The main cash crop was sugarcane , until coffee, in high demand in Europe, overtook it in the mid-19th century. During the colonial era, periods of gold rush occurred, when agriculture was neglected, leading to food shortages , but not as much gold was found in Espírito Santo, as in the neighbouring states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais . Another reason for the subdued expansion was the colonial administration's prohibition of
3572-418: The main island, another 34 islands and a mainland portion are part of the municipality, totalling 93.381 square kilometres (36.05 square miles). Originally there were 50 islands, many of which were joined to the largest island by landfill. In 1998, the United Nations rated Vitória as the fourth best state capital in Brazil to live in, rating cities on health, education, and social improvement projects. Among
3648-462: The mainland coastline. The city's climate is tropical, with average annual temperature of 23 °C (73 °F) and the occurrence of rainfall specially in the months from October to January. Temperatures can vary greatly in winter and can reach 30 °C (86 °F) in times of drought but 12 °C (54 °F) when cold fronts occur followed by an abnormally cold temperature of the ocean. The highest absolute maximum temperature ever recorded in
3724-415: The mainland, called by some of the native peoples Guanaani Island. Vila Nova do Espírito Santo, as it was called, was founded on September 8, 1551, and later renamed Vitória in memory of the victory in a great battle led by the holder of the captaincy, Vasco Fernandes Coutinho , against Goytacaz Amerindians. Until the last century, the limits of the current capital of Espírito Santo were Fort São João, where
3800-569: The minimum of Vila Velha is 1 °C (34 °F), 3 °C (5.4 °F) lower than in Vitória. Vila Velha, which was the capital of the Captaincy of Espírito Santo , found itself in constant attacks from the Tupi-Guarani -speaking and possibly some Macro-Jê -speaking indigenous peoples and the French and Dutch. The Portuguese then decided to move away the capital and chose an island near
3876-585: The most important of the country: Port of Vitória and the Port of Tubarão. The most important industries are global steelmaker ArcelorMittal Tubarão (formerly CST) and mining company Vale (formerly Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, CVRD). Vitória's GDP corresponds to 20% of the state economy. The tertiary sector encompasses most of the economy of Vitória, reaching 60% of the value of the local economy. This amount does not include local public administration. The calculation covers commerce and services. Industry accounts for 30% of Vitória's economy, housing large companies in
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#17327836580483952-431: The national assembly. After Cristiano Dias Lopes, Arthur Carlos Gerhard Santos, Élcio Álvares , and Eurico Rezende were chosen in this fashion, the military government slowly redemocratized , culminating in the adoption of Brazil's current 1988 Constitution . Democratic elections were held for the filling of every term, up to the incumbent, Renato Casagrande . During the first three centuries of Portuguese colonialism ,
4028-603: The official curriculum in most schools. It formerly hosted the Vitória Japanese School (ヴィトリア日本人学校 Vitoria Nihonjin Gakkō ), a Japanese international school . Eurico de Aguiar Salles Airport (Goiabeiras) is located on a land plot of just over 5.2 million square meters. Since construction of its first step, finished in 1946, Vitória Airport has undergone several expansions and modernizations, but current demand has surpassed its capacity of 2.9 million passengers
4104-477: The region of Vitória. In the south, dairy farming is practiced, and milk is sold, through cooperatives, in the markets of Rio de Janeiro and Vitória. More recently developed are silviculture and fruit-growing, with use for canned fruit and cellulose production. The total number of chickens in the state is about 9.2 million birds, and that of cattle exceeds 1.8 million head. Important reserves of granite are known and used, and extraction of natural gas and oil
4180-402: The region south of Bahia , the sands of old beaches are naturally radioactive. Sea waves pound coastal mountains rich in monazite , a phosphate of rare earth metals containing uranium and thorium. The background radiation level on some spots on the Guarapari beach read 175 mSv per year (20μSv/h); Some other spots can reach dosages of up to 55 μSv/h. The average exposure level across
4256-483: The same area of coast. Following the elevation of Brazil to a constituent kingdom of United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in 1815, prompted by the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil , Espírito Santo was elevated to a province . After the independence of Brazil in 1822, it became a province of the newly established Empire of Brazil , and after Brazil became a republic in 1889, it
4332-428: The same place, but corresponds to the southern branch. Espírito Santo's climate is tropical along the coast, with dry winters and rainy summers. North of Doce River is generally drier and also hot. In the mountainous regions in the south and southwest of the state, the tropical climate is strongly influenced by altitude, and the average temperatures are lower. One of the most important lake districts in Brazil lies on
4408-471: The sea and native Brazilian restinga-mangue vegetation. The central massif of the island of Vitória, Morro da Fonte Grande, has an altitude of 308.8 m and the main granitic outcrops are Pedra dos Dois Olhos, with 296m, and Morro de São Benedito, with 194m of altitude. Vitória's highest point is Pico do Desejado, located in the Trindade Island , with 601m of altitude, eleven hundred kilometers away from
4484-424: The second-largest producer of the fruit in the world, currently in third place, losing only to India and Ecuador , and produced 6.7 million tons in the same year. Espírito Santo was the largest Brazilian producer of papaya in 2018, with 354 thousand tons. Brazil produced 1.06 million tons in the same year. The state was the fifth-largest producer of coconuts in Brazil in 2009, with 157 million fruits. In 2018,
4560-467: The southern Atlantic Ocean, are part of Espírito Santo. This Brazilian state is in the east of the southeastern subdivision of Brazil, which also contains the states of São Paulo , Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro . It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (E), the state of Bahia (N), the state of Minas Gerais (N and W), and the state of Rio de Janeiro (S). Espírito Santo's main cities (outside
4636-432: The state also produced cassava, in a small amount compared to Brazilian production: 115,000 tons, with the country producing 17 million tons. Espírito Santo had an orange production of around 18,000 tons in 2018, the country's 14th-largest producer state. In the north of the state, beef cattle are raised and fattened, and the meat industry was developed; the meat is mainly shipped to Rio de Janeiro, in addition to supplying
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#17327836580484712-474: The state's industry. In 2012, the export basket of Espírito Santo was based on iron ore (52.49%), crude oil (10.87%), chemical pulp made of soda or sulphate wood (10.01%), stone or construction (5.58%), and coffee (4.42%). Espírito Santo exports iron produced in Minas Gerais. In the mineral extractive industry, in 2019, Rio de Janeiro was the largest producer of oil and natural gas in Brazil, with 71% of
4788-404: The state's main metro area . In the northern extremes of Espírito Santo is Itaúnas, in the municipality of Conceição da Barra , which is a tourist location known for its sand dunes and forró tradition. The Captaincy of Espírito Santo was carved out of the Captaincy of Bahia in the 18th century, during the colonial rule of Brazil , and named after a 16th-century captaincy covering roughly
4864-490: The state, as are Italian culture festivals, such as the one held in Venda Nova do Imigrante . Italian food is also an important part of capixaba cuisine. Italian pasta and cheeses, such as mozzarella , are produced locally. Small-scale farming, which is turning increasingly towards agrotourism , is appealing to its Italian roots to exploit that market. Germans were among the first colonists to cultivate land away from
4940-402: The state. In the area of Santa Leopoldina, their dialect of Dutch, which they call Ollans but is in fact a variety of Zeeuws-Vlaams influenced by Pomeranian, is still spoken by about 20 speakers. It is therefore severely endangered. The first African slaves in Espírito Santo arrived in Vitória in 1609, and years of slavery ensued. Espírito Santo, though, was still to play a significant part in
5016-459: The state. Now, their descendants control a good share of the local commerce. The Arab-Brazilians of Espírito Santo are generally Maronite Christians . About 60–75% of the population of Espírito Santo has Italian ancestry, making it the state with the highest percentage of Italian descendants in Brazil. They founded many towns in the area and have significant influence on capixaba society. A number of traditional Italian dance groups are still in
5092-405: The state. The census revealed: 1,908,803 Brown (multiracial) (49.8%), 1,479,275 White (38.6%), 429,680 Black (11.2%), 11,617 Indigenous (0.3%) and 4,268 Asian (0.1%). The population density was 72.7 inhabitants per square kilometer (188/sq mi). Urbanization: 82.2% (2006); Population growth : 2% (1991–2000); Houses: 1,056,000 (2006). The precolonial Amerindians groups in Espírito Santo were
5168-411: The state. The official state demonym, however, is "espírito-santense". Espírito Santo was first inhabited by Amerindians , whose different tribes were usually semi-nomadic, but precolonial Brazil has no recorded history. The area was colonized by the Portuguese starting in the 16th century, and received African slaves, and later, European immigrants of various origins. The Captaincy of Espírito Santo,
5244-444: The state. This causes the minimum of the city being 2 °C (3.6 °F) warmer than the average in the state. Another contributing factor is that the level of rainfall in the city is lesser than Espírito Santo's average as a whole, by about 350 millimetres (13.8 in). This thermal variation can be easily noticed by comparing the temperatures of Vitória with the nearby town of Vila Velha, noted in all seasons, specially in winter,
5320-410: The total national coffee production (first place), Espírito Santo accounted for 19.7% (second place) and São Paulo, 9.8% (third place). Brazil is the world's biggest productor of sugarcane, with 672 million tons/year. In 2020, Espírito Santo harvested almost 3 million tons. Espírito Santo was the seventh-largest national producer of bananas in 2018, with 408 thousand tons. Brazil was already
5396-404: The total volume produced. São Paulo comes in second place, with an 11.5% share of total production. Espírito Santo was the third-largest producer state, with 9.4%. In recent years, Espírito Santo has stood out in the production of oil and natural gas. With several discoveries made, mainly by Petrobras, the state left the fifth position in the Brazilian ranking of reserves, in 2002, to become one of
5472-433: The whole state of Espírito Santo, as a result both of its oceanic climate and the protection that the mountains afford from major weather changes influenced by air masses. Vitória is one of the hottest cities in the state of Espírito Santo, due to atmospherical pollution and the large cluster of buildings , in addition to several mountains on the island, which block the south wind, which traditionally occurs on cold days in
5548-405: Was designed in the 1960s by Companhia Vale do Rio Doce when the Port of Vitória began showing signs of saturation. It offers much easier access to the sea. Since its opening in 1966, its capacity has gradually increased, reaching 80 million tonnes/year in the last decade. Although originally created to export iron ore, in recent years, it has added silos for storing grains and soybean meal. The port
5624-590: Was granted statehood. In the early 20th century, its current state symbols were adopted. Espírito Santo's namesake is the Christian Holy Ghost (also known as the Holy Spirit). Debate exists as to the origin of the term capixaba , the unofficial demonym for those born in Espírito Santo. "Capixaba" is Tupi for "corn hair", reportedly because the blond hair of the European settlers reminded
5700-428: Was moved to the current capital of Vitória, founded on 8 September 1551, on an island near Vila Velha, which was later named Vitória Island. In 1556, after the arrival of European missionaries, the cities Serra, Nova Almeida , and Santa Cruz were founded. The captaincy remained under the influence of Coutinho's family for 140 years. It was elevated to province status in 1821, following the 1815 elevation of Brazil to
5776-587: Was on good terms with the provincial president, visited the Espírito Santo in 1860, during one of his tours of Brazil. In 1889, with the advent of the First Brazilian Republic , Espírito Santo was made one of the states of Brazil. Afonso Cláudio de Freitas Rosa was appointed the first governor of the state by the provisional government. He was followed by four other appointed governors ( José Horácio Costa , Constante Gomes Sodré , Henrique da Silva Coutinho , and Antônio Gomez Aguirre ) until
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