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73-917: Shootouts often pit law enforcement against criminals , though they can also involve groups outside of law enforcement, such as rivalling gangs , militias , or individuals. Military combat situations are rarely titled "shootouts", and are almost always considered battles , engagements , skirmishes , exchanges, or firefights. Shootouts are often depicted in action films , Westerns , and video games . On October 26, 1881, Deputy U.S. Marshal and Tombstone City Marshal Virgil Earp , Assistant Marshal Morgan Earp , and Special Police Officers Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday , faced off against outlaw Cowboys Ike Clanton , Billy Clanton , Billy Claiborne , Tom McLaury , and Frank McLaury in Tombstone , Arizona Territory . On December 1, 1884, lawman Elfego Baca ignited an intense shootout with 40–80 cowboys, depending on

146-402: A U-Haul truck, they were stopped at a roadblock set up by police. In a second shootout, police officers Waverly Brown and Ed O'Grady were killed and the robbers fled the scene in several different directions. Four of the robbers were arrested during their escape attempt, and more than six other people involved were arrested in subsequent investigations over the next several years. The last arrest

219-664: A judge , or hired by settlements and households. Aside from their duties to enforce laws, many ancient law enforcers also served as slave catchers , firefighters , watchmen , city guards , and bodyguards . By the post-classical period and the Middle Ages , forces such as the Santa Hermandades , the s hurta , and the Maréchaussée provided services ranging from law enforcement and personal protection to customs enforcement and waste collection. In England ,

292-447: A 911 call from Poplawski's mother, who was attempting to get the police officers to remove her son from the home. Three police officers were ultimately confirmed dead, and another two were seriously injured. Poplawski was armed with a semi-automatic AK-47 -style rifle and two other guns, protected by a bulletproof vest, and had been lying in wait for the officers. According to police and witnesses, he held police at bay for four hours as

365-474: A bank robbery call in Norco. Upon arriving the police were ambushed and outgunned. After the robbers unloaded over 300 rounds at police cruisers, the officers were forced to retreat behind their cruisers or nearby obstacles, all the while being fired upon. The suspects attempted to escape in their own vehicle. During this attempt, the driver of the suspects was killed by a stray police shot. The suspects then hijacked

438-582: A brawl between rival biker gangs in front of a Twin Peaks restaurant in Waco, Texas escalated into a shootout between rival gangs as well as police. Nine people were killed and 18 others were injured. On October 1, 2015, after killing nine civilians and injuring nine others at Umpqua Community College near Roseburg, Oregon , shooter Christopher Harper Mercer engaged in a shootout with responding police officers before killing himself. On July 7, 2016, enraged by

511-531: A coffee shop in the Parkland unincorporated area of Pierce County , Washington . One gunman ( Maurice Clemmons ) entered the coffee shop and fired at the officers as they sat working on their laptop computers. One of the officers returned fire before being killed, wounding Clemmons, but he was still able to flee the scene. After a 2-day manhunt that spanned several cities in the Puget Sound region, Clemmons

584-426: A complex law enforcement system emerged, where tithings , groups of ten families, were responsible for ensuring good behavior and apprehending criminals; groups of ten tithings ("hundreds") were overseen by a reeve ; hundreds were governed by administrative divisions known as shires ; and shires were overseen by shire-reeves . In feudal Japan , samurai were responsible for enforcing laws. The concept of police as

657-498: A courthouse in Marin County, California with an arsenal of weapons. After storming into a room where a trial was taking place, Jackson armed defendant James McClain, who was on trial for murdering a prison guard, and two fellow convicts who were participating in the trial as witnesses, William Christmas and Ruchell Magee . The four armed men then took the judge, a district attorney and three jurors hostage, and marched them out of

730-594: A fire which burned down 62 houses and killed 11 people. On April 11, 1986, two FBI agents and two suspects were killed in a prolonged and intense firefight between the FBI and bank-robbery suspects William Matix and Michael Platt in Miami, Florida . The event became one of the most famous shootouts in American history, with ten participants (eight FBI agents and two suspects), roughly 145 rounds fired, and four deaths. Even though

803-525: A fire. All six SLA members were killed, either by police bullets or the fire. The SLA's leader, Donald DeFreeze , committed suicide. On May 9, 1980, a bank robbery led to a prolonged shootout and chase between police in Norco, California , and five heavily armed bank robbers wearing military-style fatigues and armed with semi-automatic rifles and thousands of rounds of hollow-point bullets as well as various explosive and incendiary devices. Police responded to

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876-572: A group of Comancheros broke away and formed the first Bandidos Motorcycle Club chapter in Australia. Seven people were killed and twenty-eight injured when the two groups clashed at Milperra. The event was a catalyst for significant changes to gun laws in New South Wales. On 14 November 1990, after a shooting rampage which killed up to 13 people (including a police officer) in the small seaside township of Aramoana , New Zealand , members of

949-512: A handgun before fleeing in his Ford Explorer and later died by suicide . On December 5, 2019, the Miami-Dade Police Department engaged in a shootout with jewelry store robbers at a busy intersection. On February 2, 2021, FBI agents served a search warrant on a house of suspect who was suspected of abusing minors. The suspect ambushed the FBI agents, shooting five agents, two of whom were mortally wounded. The suspect

1022-577: A high-speed chase, exchanging gunfire along the way. Arroyo was eventually shot and killed by a responding officer armed with a CAR-15 rifle. A shootout occurred on April 4, 2009, at 1016 Fairfield Street in the Stanton Heights neighborhood of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , stemming from an argument over a dog urinating in the house between a mother and her 22-year-old son. At approximately 7:11 a.m. EDT , 22-year-old Richard Poplawski opened fire on two Pittsburgh Police officers responding to

1095-544: A highway outside Barrington. Nelson pursued the FBI agents, exchanging gunfire with them, until his car was disabled. Two more agents, Special Agent Herman "Ed" Hollis and Inspector Sam Cowley , arrived on the scene and engaged Nelson and Chase in a shootout. Though Nelson was wounded seventeen times by the agents, he and Chase were able to fatally injure both Hollis and Cowley. Nelson escaped, only to die that evening from his injuries. On November 1, 1950, Puerto Rican nationalists Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola engaged in

1168-453: A nearby vehicle and became involved in a prolonged chase, in which the suspects shot at police and disabled and destroyed 33 police vehicles (as well as civilian cars) with explosives thrown from the back of a truck. The suspects also disabled a police helicopter by shooting at it. Later, the suspects lay in wait for police as they chased them, and ambushed them, resulting in the death of a police officer and wounding two others. Heavily outgunned,

1241-459: A response from nearby sheriff's deputies and Tyler Police. Arroyo began trading gunfire with the officers, who were armed only with pistols, and forced them to retreat, wounding several of them. A passing civilian, Mark Allen Wilson , drew his own pistol and attempted to aid the officers but Arroyo was wearing body armor and Wilson's pistol failed to stop him; Wilson was shot and killed by Arroyo. Afterward, Arroyo jumped in his pickup and led police on

1314-467: A shootout in the parking lot of a restaurant near Newhall, California . In a span of five minutes, Davis and Twinning killed four CHP officers, making it the deadliest day in the history of Californian law enforcement. Davis was later arrested, while Twinning killed himself following a long standoff with police. On August 7, 1970, in an attempt to free his brother, imprisoned Black Panther leader George Jackson , 17-year-old Jonathan P. Jackson entered

1387-541: A shootout with officers of the Capitol Police and Secret Service while attempting to break into the Blair House and assassinate President Harry Truman . By the end of the gun battle, Torresola and officer Leslie Coffelt were killed in an event that firearms instructor Massad Ayoob called "the boldest attempt at home invasion in modern history". On August 1, 1966, Charles Whitman barricaded himself at

1460-673: A stake-out in Mayerthorpe , Alberta , Canada . The resulting shootout with other present RCMP officers came to an end when Roszko committed suicide after being wounded. On July 7, 2006, Constables Robin Cameron and Marc Bourdages of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police were both shot in the head through the windshield of their cruiser after a 27 km car chase and shootout with Curtis Dagenais in rural Saskatchewan . Law enforcement Law enforcement

1533-576: A traffic stop of two heavily armed career criminals. The incident was known as the Newhall incident , although it took place in present-day Valencia . This led to increased emphasis on officer safety both within the CHP and nationwide. The Master's University , a non-denominational Christian liberal arts university, is located in Newhall. At the elementary school level, Newhall is almost entirely served by

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1606-473: A transgender man named Aiden Hale (born Audrey Elizabeth Hale), was a former student of the school, firing their assault rifle through the glass doors of the school at 10:13am local time. A friend of the shooter had called 911 around this time, after having called a suicide prevention line, on her father's advice. Around the same time as the friend's call, someone at the school called 911 to report an active shooter situation. At 10:27am local time, 14 minutes after

1679-496: Is a major cultural and business center. It contains many independent restaurants, stores, and theaters, as well as a public library. The areas surrounding Old Town Newhall are predominantly Hispanic, and there are many Mexican restaurants. The Old Town Newhall Farmers Market is located on the grounds of the public library. Other notable sites in the area include the William S. Hart Park; Newhall DMV; Newhall Elementary School (part of

1752-767: Is a national police agency, which supervises the police agencies for each individual prefecture ; and in Niger , there is a national police for urban areas and a gendarmerie for rural areas, both technically national-level. In some cases, there may be multiple agencies at the same level but with different focuses: for example, in the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives are both national-level federal law enforcement agencies, but

1825-459: Is autonomous or dependent on other organizations for its operations, the governing body that funds and oversees the agency may decide to dissolve or consolidate its operations. Dissolution of an agency may occur when the governing body or the agent itself decides to end operations. This can occur due to multiple reasons, including criminal justice reform , a lack of population in the jurisdiction, mass resignations , efforts to deter corruption , or

1898-421: Is the activity of some members of the government or other social institutions who act in an organized manner to enforce the law by investigating, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that society. The term encompasses police, courts and corrections. These three components of the criminal justice system may operate independently of each other or collectively through

1971-562: The Los Angeles Police Department . The ensuing firefight lasted 44 minutes, with more than 2000 rounds fired collectively from both sides. The only deaths were the two bank robbers, Phillips and Mătăsăreanu. Twelve police officers and eight civilians were injured. On April 20, 1999, school shooters Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold exchanged fire with Denver Police Department officers three times. Although 12 students and one teacher died, 21 others were injured and both

2044-694: The Nazi Party , which Hitler belonged to, attempted to launch a coup in Munich , Weimar Republic . The resulting shootout between Bavarian Police and Nazi supporters left twenty people dead and many injured. In the early hours of 25 June 1943, tensions between black troops and white military police of the United States Army stationed in Bamber Bridge , Lancashire , England , flared into mutiny, with both sides shooting at each other in

2117-573: The Newhall School District ); Newhall Metrolink station ; Veterans Historical Plaza; First Presbyterian Church of Newhall; Unity Center mosque; Newhall Community Center; and the historic Saugus Train Station (Heritage Junction). The Walk of Western Stars is also a popular attraction. The official Old Town Newhall website describes it as "Santa Clarita's premier arts and entertainment district." The Hart and Main wedding and event venue

2190-577: The Newhall School District , except for the far northeastern portion (bordering Canyon Country ) which is served by the Sulphur Springs School District . At the middle and high school levels, Newhall is served by Placerita and La Mesa Junior High Schools, and Hart and Golden Valley High Schools, all part of the William S. Hart Union High School District . The historic district of Old Town Newhall (a.k.a. Downtown Newhall)

2263-555: The Old National Bank branch in Downtown Louisville, Kentucky . The gunman, 25-year old Connor Sturgeon was an employee at the bank, was armed with an AR-15 style rifle, and was shooting at anybody he saw. He had set up an Ambush position to target police officers, In total, 6 people died; 5 employees and the shooter who was killed by police. On November 9, 1923, Adolf Hitler and at least 2,000 members of

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2336-596: The Special Tactics Group (STG) surrounded the house where shooter David Malcolm Gray was hiding and a gunbattle took place after failed attempts to lure him out. At the end, Gray ran out of the house, firing his rifle from the hip before being shot by STG officers. On November 16, 1991, Additional Commissioner of Police Aftab Ahmed Khan , head of the Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS), led a force of almost 100 police and ATS officers and attacked

2409-529: The Symbionese Liberation Army at a residential home at 1466 East 54th Street, Los Angeles. This remains one of the largest police shootouts in history with a reported total of over 9,000 rounds being fired (5,000 by police, 4,000 by the SLA). Every round fired by SLA members at the police missed the officers. During the incident, police fired tear gas into the house, unintentionally starting

2482-545: The Weather Underground and Black Liberation Army resulted in a shootout and the deaths of two police officers and a Brinks security guard in Nyack, New York . The robbers, wearing body armor and equipped with assault rifles, initially ambushed the armored truck when it was parked at a shopping mall, killing Brinks guard Pete Paige and wounding his partner. After taking $ 1.6 million in cash and attempting to flee in

2555-681: The 1660s in the Province of New York . The Province of Carolina established slave-catcher patrols in the 1700s, and by 1785, the Charleston Guard and Watch was reported to have the duties and organization of a modern police force. The first municipal police department in the United States was the Philadelphia Police Department , while the first American state police , federal law enforcement agency

2628-992: The 1749 establishment of the London Bow Street Runners , the first formal police force in Britain. In 1800, Napoleon reorganized French law enforcement to form the Paris Police Prefecture ; the British government passed the Glasgow Police Act , establishing the City of Glasgow Police ; and the Thames River Police was formed in England to combat theft on the River Thames . In September 1829, Robert Peel merged

2701-492: The 1987 consolidation of Canyon Country , Saugus , Newhall, and Valencia into the city of Santa Clarita, it was an unincorporated area . It was the first permanent town in the Santa Clarita Valley . The Tataviam village of Tochonanga was located at the area where Newhall stands today. Fifty villagers were brought to Mission San Fernando from 1797 to 1811. Descendants of the village continued to live in

2774-644: The 19th century, improvements in technology, greater global connections, and changes in the sociopolitical order led to the establishment of police forces worldwide. National, regional, and municipal civilian law enforcement agencies exist in practically all countries; to promote their international cooperation, the International Criminal Police Organization , also known as Interpol, was formed in September 1923. Technology has made an immense impact on law enforcement, leading to

2847-889: The Bow Street Runners and the Thames River Police to form the Metropolitan Police . The title of the "first modern police force" has still been claimed by the modern successors to these organizations. Following European colonization of the Americas , the first law enforcement agencies in the Thirteen Colonies were the New York Sheriff's Office and the Albany County Sheriff's Department , both formed in

2920-728: The DEA focuses on narcotics crimes, while the ATF focuses on weapon regulation violations. Various segments of society may have their own specialist law enforcement agency , such as the military having military police , schools having school police or campus police , or airports having airport police . Private police may exist in some jurisdictions, often to provide dedicated law enforcement for privately-owned property or infrastructure, such as railroad police for private railways or hospital police for privately-owned hospital campuses. Depending on various factors, such as whether an agency

2993-527: The FBI agents outnumbered the suspects four to one, the agents were outgunned by the suspects. It took a total of 18 hits (six on Matix, 12 on Platt) to bring the gun battle to an end. All but one of the FBI agents involved in the shootout were killed or wounded. In a 11-day siege in August 1992, agents of the ATF , FBI , and U.S. Marshals armed engaged in a shootout with survivalist Randy Weaver and his family in

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3066-553: The Newhall area. Named after businessman Henry Mayo Newhall , Newhall is home to the William S. Hart Regional Park , featuring tours of the famous silent movie maker's mansion . Newhall is also home to the Pioneer Oil Refinery ( California Historical Landmark , No. 172), the oldest surviving oil refinery in the world and the first commercially successful refinery in California. Over the years, Newhall has been

3139-600: The Swati building at the Lokhandwala Complex in Bombay , India . In the ensuing four-hour shootout, 450 rounds were fired and seven D-Company gangsters were killed, including Maya Dolas , Dilip Buwa , and Anil Pawar. On March 3, 2005, James Roszko ambushed and killed Royal Canadian Mounted Police constables Peter Schiemann, Anthony Gordon, Lionide Johnston and Brock Myrol with a prohibited HK-91 rifle during

3212-627: The body of Hester beaten to death. On July 18, 1984, the San Diego Police Department responded to 911 calls about an Active Shooter at a McDonald's restaurant in San Ysidro, San Diego , they were accidentally given the wrong location and it took ten minutes to finally get to the right location. The shooter 41-year old James Huberty exchanged fire with the arriving police cars, fire trucks, and SWAT teams, in total 23 people died; 17 customers, 1 unborn baby, 4 employees, and

3285-503: The courthouse into a waiting getaway van. As they attempted to flee the scene, a shootout broke out between the hostage takers and Marin County Sheriffs deputies providing security at the courthouse. By the end of the gun battle, Jonathan Jackson, McClain, Christmas, and judge Harold Haley were killed. According to the other hostages, Haley was executed by the hostage takers with a shotgun that had been taped to his throat. Magee

3358-575: The development and regular use of police cars , police radio systems, police aviation , police tactical units , and police body cameras . Most law enforcement is conducted by some law enforcement agency , typically a police force. Civilians generally staff police agencies, which are typically not a military branch . However, some militaries do have branches that enforce laws among the civilian populace, often called gendarmerie , security forces , or internal troops . Social investment in enforcement through such organizations can be massive in terms of

3431-542: The fallen officers were left bleeding nearby, their colleagues unable to reach them. More than 100 rounds were fired by the SWAT teams and Poplawski, who surrendered after suffering a gunshot wound to the leg. Poplawski was later convicted of capital murder and was sentenced to death. On Sunday, November 29, 2009, four Lakewood, Washington police officers (Sergeant Mark Renninger, Officer Ronald Owens, 37, Officer Tina Griswold, 40, Officer Greg Richards, 42) were shot and killed at

3504-515: The first calls to 911 were placed, officers had already shot and killed Aiden Hale in the second floor of the school. In total, 7 people died; 3 students, all 9 years old, as well as a custodian, a substitute teacher, and the head of the school, and the shooter were killed in the attack. On April 10, 2023, officers from the Louisville Metro Police Department responded to multiple 911 calls about an Active Shooter at

3577-511: The governing body contracting with a different agency that renders the original agency redundant or obsolete. According to the International Association of Chiefs of Police , agency consolidation can occur to improve efficiency, consolidate resources, or when forming a new type of government. Newhall, California Newhall is the southernmost and oldest community in the city of Santa Clarita, California . Prior to

3650-564: The headquarters of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) inside the Washington Navy Yard in southeast Washington, D.C. , gunman Aaron Alexis exchanged gunfire with police and security guards. After injuring a police officer, Alexis was shot in the head by the injured policeman, and was pronounced dead more than two hours later. On May 17, 2015, in one of the deadliest gang shootings in American history,

3723-621: The imposition of less severe consequences such as probation. Law enforcement organizations existed in ancient times, such as prefects in ancient China , paqūdus in Babylonia , curaca in the Inca Empire , vigiles in the Roman Empire , and Medjay in ancient Egypt . Who law enforcers were and reported to depended on the civilization and often changed over time, but they were typically enslaved people , soldiers , officers of

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3796-413: The legislating state with police power or authority; traditionally, anyone sworn or badged who can arrest any person for a violation of criminal law is included under the umbrella term of law enforcement. Although law enforcement may be most concerned with the prevention and punishment of crimes, organizations exist to discourage a wide variety of non-criminal violations of rules and norms, effected through

3869-453: The location for many movies, including Suddenly (1954) and Disney 's The World's Greatest Athlete (1973). The TV series The Magnificent Seven was also for the most part filmed in Newhall. The Lyons Station Stagecoach Stop was located at what is now Eternal Valley Cemetery near the intersection of Newhall Avenue and Sierra Highway in east Newhall. On April 6, 1970, four California Highway Patrol officers were shot dead during

3942-620: The middle of the town. The " Battle of Bamber Bridge " was one of the few instances of a gun battle in the United Kingdom during World War II, and left one dead and four wounded. On 2 September ( Father's Day in Australia) 1984, rival motorcycle gang members engaged in a firearm battle in Milperra , a south-western suburb of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . The shootout had its roots in an intense rivalry that developed after

4015-757: The officers, forcing them to retreat. One hour and 13 minutes later, members of the United States Border Patrol Tactical Unit unlocked the door with a janitor's master key that Ramos had locked and entered the classroom, killing him. On March 27, 2023, officers from the Metropolitan Nashville Police Department responded to a 911 call about an active shooter situation at the Covenant School in Nashville, Tennessee. The shooter,

4088-484: The police were pinned down until one officer arrived with an AR-15 carbine. After the police engaged the suspects with the AR-15, the suspects fled. One of the suspects was killed in the shootout, one during a later standoff with the police the next day, and three were later captured. Eight officers were also wounded during the events. On October 20, 1981, an attempted armed robbery of a Brinks armored truck by members of

4161-665: The primary law enforcement organization originated in Europe in the early modern period ; the first statutory police force was the High Constables of Edinburgh in 1611, while the first organized police force was the Paris lieutenant général de police in 1667. Until the 18th century, law enforcement in England was mostly the responsibility of private citizens and thief-takers , albeit also including constables and watchmen. This system gradually shifted to government control following

4234-638: The resources invested in the activity and the number of people professionally engaged to perform those functions. Law enforcement agencies are limited to operating within a specified jurisdiction . These are typically organized into three basic levels: national, regional, and municipal. However, depending on certain factors, there may be more or less levels, or they may be merged: in the United States, there are federal , state , and local police and sheriff agencies; in Canada, some territories may only have national-level law enforcement, while some provinces have national, provincial, and municipal; in Japan , there

4307-419: The shooter was killed by a SWAT sniper. On May 13, 1985, the Philadelphia Police Department engaged in a shootout with the anarcho-primitivist group MOVE , after a failed attempt to serve arrest warrants on four members of the group at their communal residence. About 10,000 rounds of ammunition were fired by the police. The police eventually dropped two bombs on the house from a police helicopter , starting

4380-432: The shooters committed suicide, no officers were killed or injured. On February 24, 2005, David Hernandez Arroyo attacked his ex-wife, Maribel Estrada, and her son outside the courthouse in Tyler, Texas . Arroyo was armed with a semi-automatic MAK-90 (an AK-47 clone with a semi-automatic receiver) rifle. Maribel Estrada was shot in the head and died; her son was shot in the leg but recovered. The shots immediately brought

4453-457: The shootings of black men Alton Sterling and Philando Castile by police in Louisiana and Minnesota , Micah Xavier Johnson opened fire on white police officers of the Dallas Police Department from an upper floor of a parking garage whilst they were overseeing a protest. Johnson was killed by a Remotec ANDROS Mark V-A bomb disposal robot , which carried a pound of C-4 explosive . On July 11, 2016, inmate Larry Darnell Gordon opened fire on

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4526-429: The source, in Frisco (now Reserve ), New Mexico . On May 19, 1920, private agents from the Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency battled with the local sheriff, the town's mayor, and a group of coal miners , over an attempt by Baldwin-Felts agents to evict coal miners from their homes during a strike. On June 17, 1933, in an attempt to free their friend, a criminal gang ambushed seven FBI agents and Kansas City police at

4599-467: The third floor of the Berrien County Courthouse in St. Joseph, Michigan , killing two bailiffs and injuring a sheriff's deputy. Gordon, who was facing a multitude of charges that carried a possible life sentence, was being taken to a holding cell following a courthouse hearing when he disarmed an officer and attempted to take hostages. Moments after taking hostages, other court officers shot and killed Gordon. On November 5, 2017, shooter Devin Patrick Kelley

4672-428: The top of the tower at the University of Texas at Austin and proceeded to fire randomly from the tower. He then exchanged fire with Austin Police Department officers and armed civilians. After killing several people, he was killed in a final exchange when his perch was stormed by Austin police. On April 6, 1970, California Highway Patrol (CHP) officers engaged heavily armed criminals Bobby Davis and Jack Twinning in

4745-611: The train station as they were escorting captured fugitive Frank Nash back to prison. The FBI agents were unarmed, but the local police exchanged fire with the criminal gang. The gang unintentionally killed Nash along with the law officers. The FBI claimed that the gang included Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd , but the evidence is debatable and contradicts with Floyd's alleged presence. On November 27, 1934, in Barrington, Illinois , bank robber Lester Gillis /George "Baby Face" Nelson, his wife Helen, and gang member John Chase encountered an FBI car driven by Agents Thomas Dade and William Ryan on

4818-453: The use of record sharing and cooperation. Throughout the world, law enforcement are also associated with protecting the public, life, property, and keeping the peace in society. The concept of law enforcement dates back to ancient times, and forms of law enforcement and police have existed in various forms across many human societies. Modern state legal codes use the term law enforcement officer or peace officer to include every person vested by

4891-514: The wilderness near Bonners Ferry, Idaho . On February 28, 1993, heavily armed members of the Branch Davidian sect engaged federal agents of the ATF in an intense firefight during a raid of their compound building, initiating a 51-day siege by the FBI near Waco, Texas . On February 28, 1997, following a failed bank robbery in North Hollywood , Los Angeles , California , the two robbers, Larry Phillips Jr. and Emil Mătăsăreanu, armed with several assault rifles, fired upon responding officers of

4964-425: Was confronted by and traded fire with Stephen Willeford, a local resident and former firearms instructor who was armed with an AR-15 semi-automatic rifle. Willeford had taken cover behind a truck across the street from the church and shot Kelley twice, once in the leg and once in the upper left torso under his tactical gear. Kelley, who had dropped his rifle during the initial firefight with Willeford, fired back with

5037-467: Was killed on the scene. On May 24, 2022, 18-year-old Salvador Ramos entered Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas armed with Daniel Defense M4 carbine and opened fire on students and teachers in an adjoining classroom. 3 minutes after the shooting began, 6 officers from the Uvalde Police Department and 2 officers from the Uvalde Consolidated Independent School District entered the building and exchanged gunfire with Ramos. Ramos shot and injured 2 of

5110-411: Was made in 1986. On January 11, 1983, Memphis Police Department Officer Bobby Hester was taken hostage at a house at 2239 Shannon Street after a confrontation occurred between Hester, his partner Ray Schwill, and the house's owner, cult leader Lindberg Sanders. After 30 hours of negotiations, a Memphis Police assault team raided the house, killing Sanders and six of his followers, after which they found

5183-436: Was severely injured, but survived the battle and was sentenced to life in prison. One juror and the D.A., Gary W. Thomas , were also wounded. One of the weapons used by Jackson was later traced to Black Panther icon Angela Davis , who was tried (but acquitted) for participation in the crime. On May 17, 1974, a confrontation and gun battle occurred between officers of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and six members of

5256-497: Was shot and killed by a Seattle Police Department officer in south Seattle . From February 3–12, 2013, former LAPD officer Christopher Dorner killed three people (including an officer) and injured three other officers. On February 12, Dorner engaged in a shootout with police at Big Bear Lake, California , killing one and injuring another. Police then deployed tear gas into Dorner's cabin, which possibly set it on fire, after which Dorner committed suicide. On September 16, 2013, at

5329-752: Was the United States Marshals Service , both formed in 1789. In the American frontier , law enforcement was the responsibility of county sheriffs , rangers , constables , and marshals . The first law enforcement agency in Canada was the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary , established in 1729, while the first Canadian national law enforcement agency was the Dominion Police , established in 1868. By

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