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67-638: Two alternative etymologies have been proposed for the toponym Gusinje . One links it to Slavic guska ( goose ), the other to the Illyrian term Geusiae from which the Albanian name of the town, Guci(a) , would have evolved. In archival records, it has been recorded variably as Gousino (Гоусино), Gustigne (1614) in Venetian archives, Gusna (گوسن) and Gusinye in Ottoman Turkish. The town

134-623: A besa (pledge) to support the document and to stop blood feuding with other tribes until November 6. In 1910, along with some other Albanian tribes, the Shala joined the Albanian revolt of 1910 and the fight between them against the Ottoman forces of Shevket Turgut Pasha attempting to reach Shkodër was fierce. During the Albanian revolt of 1911 on 23 June Albanian tribesmen and other revolutionaries gathered in Montenegro and drafted

201-621: A case of an Albanian-speaking population shifting to a Slavic-speaking one. In Gusinje there are a number of the historical mosques of Montenegro. The oldest preserved mosque in the town is Čekića džamija or xhamia e Cekajve built by the Cekaj brotherhood of Triepshi. The second oldest is the Vezir's mosque (vezirova džamija/xhamia e vezirit) built by Kara Mahmud Bushati in 1765 on the existing site of another mosque originally built in 1626. The New Mosque (nova džamija/xhamia e re) also known as Radončića

268-436: A female one (the latter referring to a male). Young birds before fledging are called goslings . The collective noun for a group of geese on the ground is a gaggle ; when in flight, they are called a skein , a team , or a wedge ; when flying close together, they are called a plump . The word "goose" is a direct descendant of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns . In Germanic languages , the root gave Old English gōs with

335-502: A half meters tall and weighed about 22 kilograms. The evidence suggests the bird was flightless, unlike modern geese. Most goose species are migratory, though populations of Canada geese living near human developments may remain in a locality year-round. These 'resident' geese, found primarily in the eastern United States, may migrate only short distances, or not at all, if they have adequate food supply and access to open water. Migratory geese may use several environmental cues in timing

402-532: A number of oral traditions. According to one legend, the ancestor of the Shala was one of three brothers originally from the area of Pashtrik on the border of north-eastern Albania and south-western Kosovo. As they were departing from each other, the brother from whom the Shala would descend from was given a saddle ( shalë ), the second a sieve ( shoshë ), while the third brother received no gift and left bidding his brothers farewell; mirë dita in Albanian. As such,

469-476: A separate fis from the rest of Shala despite their close relations and common history. They are divided between Buçvataj , Dostanishaj , Gagu , Gjelvataj , Kapreja , Marvataj , Niklekaj , Nikushaj , Preklekaj , Xhaferaj , Camaj , Kodër Limaj , Rrogam , Radojë , and Pjeshullaj . Some oral traditions suggest that there is a distant relation between the Gimaj and Shala, with a potential common ancestor in

536-584: A way to obtain more rights since the Muslim population was more privileged than the Christian one. An important family - which later developed into a brotherhood - in the development of Gusinje is that of the Omeragaj (today known as Omeragić) from Shala who appeared in the village in the early 18th century . The different mosques of Gusinje today represent the different brotherhoods that built them. For example,

603-470: Is a historical tribe and region of northern Albania in the valley of the river Shalë , in the Dukagjin highlands . At the end of the 19th century the tribe was Catholic and had c. 3,000 members and 700 households The etymology of Shala is unclear. It has been connected to the Albanian term shalë(sinë) denoting an arid or infertile land, however, this etymology does not seem likely considering that

670-597: Is known that a medieval settlement was located in the territory of present-day Gusinje. Gusinje was mentioned as a caravan station on the Ragusa-Cattaro–Scutari–Peć route, in the 14th century. In historical record, Gusinje appears in 1485 in the defter of the sanjak of Scutari as a village in the vilayet of Plav, a hass-ı hümayun (imperial domain) that stood directly under the Ottoman Sultan. It had 96 households, 21 unmarried men and four widows. This

737-744: Is located in the Plav-Gusinje area, part of the upper Lim valley in the Accursed Mountains range at an elevation of 1,014 m. Zla Kolata , the highest mountain in Montenegro about 10 km south of Gusinje in the Prokletije National Park. Gusinje is on the Vermosh River, which flows eastwards towards Plav . About 2 km south of Gusinje's center is the source of Vruja creek, Ali Pasha 's springs ( Alipašini izvori / Krojet e Ali Pashës ). Vruja creek enters

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804-599: Is spent at perennial stopover sites, where individuals rest and build up fat stores for further travel. Geese, like other birds, fly in a V formation . This formation helps to conserve energy in flight, and aids in communication and monitoring of flock mates. Using great white pelicans as a model species, researchers showed that flying in a V formation increased the aerodynamics of trailing birds, thus requiring fewer wing flaps to stay aloft and lowering individuals' heartrates. Leading geese switch positions on longer flights to allow for multiple individuals to gain benefits from

871-569: Is ~4 km to the north of Plav, in the Ottoman press of the time it became known as Gusinye hadisesi (Gusinye Incident) because of its crucial role in the struggle. In 1893, Gusinje had 1,600 households, 5 mosques and 240 shops. The districts were part of the Sanjak of Novi Pazar of the Kosovo Vilayet until October 1912 (de jure, until 1913). The Montenegrin army captured the region and entered Plav on 19 October and 20 October. Its entry

938-566: The Congress of Berlin and its final treaty those decisions were finalized. The Albanians in the two regions reacted against the final decision in favor annexation and formed the League of Prizren . A noted figure of the League of Prizren was Ali Pasha Shabanagaj , a landowner and military commander from Gusinje. In the ensuing Battle of Novšiće the League of Prizren led by Shabanagaj defeated

1005-609: The Greçë Memorandum demanding Albanian sociopolitical and linguistic rights with two of the signatories being from Shala. In later negotiations with the Ottomans, an amnesty was granted to the tribesmen with promises by the government to build one to two primary schools in the nahiye of Shala and pay the wages of teachers allocated to them. In 1913, the Shala tribe fought together with the Montenegrin forces during

1072-566: The Hawaiian Islands . Geese are monogamous , living in permanent pairs throughout the year; however, unlike most other permanently monogamous animals, they are territorial only during the short nesting season. Paired geese are more dominant and feed more, two factors that result in more young. Goose fossils have been found ranging from 10 to 12 million years ago (Middle Miocene). Garganornis ballmanni from Late Miocene (~ 6-9 Ma) of Gargano region of central Italy, stood one and

1139-569: The League of Prizren was a Shabanagaj and Jashar Rexhepagiq , pedagogue in Kosovo, was a Rexhepagaj. In 1675 Evliya Çelebi who visited Gusinje during this time, described it as a "lively Albanian town". As the Ottoman Empire disintegrated in the long 19th century already in the Treaty of San Stefano , Gusinje and Plav were awarded to the independent Principality of Montenegro . Gusinje

1206-600: The Siege of Scutari , but switched sides after the Montenegrins attempted to disarm them upon taking over the city. In 1918, Austro-Hungarian census recorded 431 households and 2,512 inhabitants, inhabiting the settlements and surroundings of Abat, Lekaj, Lotaj, Nenmavriq, Nicaj, Pecaj and Theth. In 1926, Shala and Shoshi tribe again rebelled but this rebellion was suppressed by the gendarmes led by Muharrem Bajraktari and fighters from Dibra and Mat. After World War II ,

1273-603: The family Anatidae . This group comprises the genera Anser (grey geese and white geese) and Branta (black geese). Some members of the Tadorninae subfamily (e.g., Egyptian goose , Orinoco goose ) are commonly called geese, but are not considered "true geese" taxonomically. More distantly related members of the family Anatidae are swans , most of which are larger than true geese, and ducks , which are smaller. The term "goose" may refer to such bird of either sex, but when paired with " gander ", refers specifically to

1340-593: The greylag goose and snow goose , and Branta , black geese, such as the Canada goose . Two genera of geese are only tentatively placed in the Anserinae; they may belong to the shelducks or form a subfamily on their own: Cereopsis , the Cape Barren goose, and Cnemiornis , the prehistoric New Zealand goose . Either these or, more probably, the goose-like coscoroba swan is the closest living relative of

1407-536: The 18th century the village of Isniq near Decan was settled by Shala tribe. The Shala in Isniq were formed by Lek Vuka and his three sons : Nik, Prek and Vuk. From that time the Shala descendants increased in numbers until today they number almost 500 houses within and outside the village. From there some families settled in Tomoc,Lluga and Trubuhoc near Istog and Boletin near Mitrovica. Based on archival research and

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1474-584: The 20th century. These have depopulated it as a result in the 21st century. The municipality of Gusinje reports that 18,400 people trace their origins to the town of Gusinje out of a total diaspora of ~30,000 from the Gusinje area. They mostly live in the US. According to the Statistical Office of Montenegro, based on the 2023 census, 57.1% of the inhabitants of Gusinje Municipality are Bosniaks , while

1541-668: The British government for protection. About 450 local civilians were killed after the uprising was quelled. These events resulted in a large influx of Albanians migrating to Albania . These events remain a matter of dispute in modern Montenegrin politics. In 2013, the President of Montenegro Filip Vujanović made one of the first direct acknowledgments of the events in Montenegrin politics in a ceremony in Berane where he declared that

1608-617: The Cekaj mosque ( Čekića džamija / xhamia e Cekajve ) was built by the Cekaj brotherhood from Triepshi in 1687, while the New Mosque built in 1899 is known as Radončića after the Radončići brotherhood from Kuči. At the beginning of the 18th century, Gusinje was the seat of the local kadiluk . In terms of military administration, the captaincy of Gusinje was part of the Bosnia Eyalet in 1724. Central Ottoman administration collapsed in

1675-550: The Dukagjin highlands. Shala can be broken down into two main sectors: Upper Shala and Lower Shala. Upper Shala is occupied by the village Theth which, under the Ottomans , comprised its own military-administrative unit ( bajrak ). Theth is made up of 10 neighbourhoods or quarters ( mëhallë or lagje ): Okol , Nikgjonaj , Gjelaj , Gjeçaj , Ndreaj , Ulaj , Kolaj , Grunas , Stakaj , and Nën Rreth . Ndërlysaj , located to

1742-589: The Gzhoba. The Shala would then expand into Pecaj and expel the Agrini from their lands. Following this, the Shala tribe would expand across the entire valley and entirely drive out the local tribes of the Mavriqi , Shdërvella, Gapzhella, Shushella, Murdati, Deshkaj, Maçki, Gjokajushi, and Dekajushi. The native Bobi and Lopçi , however, retained some of their lands and were not entirely expelled. Tradition maintains that

1809-755: The Mavriqi), Abati (composed of Metushaj and Lotaj ), and at the bottom of Abati the older Lopçi were found. The second to branch were the Dednikaj who founded Thethi and its extensions. The third was Lotaj which became divided into Kolmarkaj , Vatgjeçaj , Gjeçaj , Binoshi , and Troja . The final brotherhood to split were the Lekaj who became divided between the Mushi , Rrethi , Pacaj , Gurra , and Qeta . The Gimaj, located in Lower Shala, are considered

1876-513: The Ottoman administration, Lower Shala would support at least four separate bajraks, that of Pecaj , Lotaj , Lekaj , and Gimaj. Since the last decade of the 17th century the region of Kosovo and north-western Macedonia was settled by families belonging to Albanian tribes. The most intensive phase of this migration was between the middle of 18th century until the 1840s. This led to division of many tribes including Shala. Today in Kosovo ,

1943-603: The Shala Valley is among the only regions in the Albanian Alps suitable for agriculture. Folk tradition connects their tribal name to the word shalë ("saddle"), a reference to the legend in which the ancestor of the Shala was given a saddle by his brothers as they departed from one another. The tribal region is situated in northern Albania, in the valley of the river Shalë, north of the Drin and south of Theth , in

2010-465: The Shala Valley, suggesting they had not yet fully dominated the territory. However, in 1671 the Shala appear as the dominant community in the region with only the Bobi remaining alongside them. The Shala are first recorded in the Ottoman defter of 1485 for the Sanjak of Scutari . In this register, Shala appears as a settlement in the nahiyah of Petrishpan-ili, located roughly between

2077-671: The Shala Valley. The first settlement they established was Kodër e Thanës . With later generations the Shala would expand. The first brotherhood to split off were the Pecnikaj who settled in Gurra e Abatit and expelled the local anas Koprati tribe from Lekajsh and the Koxhobati from Abat . A branch of the Pecnikaj would then settle in Gurra e Nicajve , displacing the Bobi and expelling

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2144-1007: The Shala are concentrated primarily around Vushtrri , Mitrovica , and Trepça in the hilly region known as Shala e Bajgorës, Bajgora being the largest of their 37 settlements. They are divided into four clans or vllazni (brothers): the Gima, Peci, Maleti (related to the Lotaj in Albania proper) and the Lopçi. There are also good numbers of Shala in Peja (Rashiq,Raushiq and Loxhe Village), in Isniq, Lluka e Epërme and Strellç in Ulët near Deçan , in Klina , in Kopiliq near Drenica , in Rakosh and Citak near Istog. Since

2211-666: The Shala arrived during the 17th century, however, their attestation in 1485 disproves this. An alternate story recorded in the 20th century maintained that the Shala were formed of four brothers, the sons of Nika : Pec , Dedë , Lot , and Lekë Nika . The Pecnikaj were the first to branch off and eventually came to be divided between the Pecaj and Nicaj which, in turn, founded Doçaj , Pjolli , Vuksanaj i Sipërm , Vuksanaj i Poshtëm (divided between Vuksanaj and Bicaj ), Hasanaj i Sipërm , Hasanaj i Poshtëm , Papnikaj , Marnikaj , Mekshaj , Qukë , Dakaj (includes Nën Mavriq of

2278-530: The Shala were named after the saddle their ancestor had been given as a gift from his brothers. The second brother would come to found the Shoshi fis , while the third founded the Mirdita , both located to the south of Shala. In another tradition, the ancestor of the Shala is named as Zog Diti , the son of Dit Murri and grandson of Murr Dedi . Likewise, in this tradition the Shala appear as patrilineal kin with

2345-523: The Shoshi and Mirdita, formed by Zog's brothers Mark and Mir Diti . Another founding story set later on, following the departure of Zog Diti from his brothers, recounts that the sons of the ancestor Pep Vladi based in Shiroka , fell out with their father as he had taken a mistress in his old age and had a child with her outside of wedlock. The sons eventually left their father and half-brother, settling

2412-518: The Upper Lim valley. In time despite Ottoman expeditions and relocations of these communities in Sandzak, Kelmendi and other tribes like Kuči, Triepshi and Shala came to form many of the historical neighbourhoods ( mahalla ) of Gusinje of today. Their descendants although initially Christian, willingly or forcefully converted to Islam, largely by the middle 18th century. This conversion occurred as

2479-515: The Vermosh east of town, between this confluence and Plav is locally called Luca . Just before the Vermosh reaches Plav it flows into Lake Plav . The Vermosh is the first tributary of the Lim river. Gusinje is the seat of the municipality of the same name. From 1953 to 2014, it was part of Plav Municipality . In 2014, it became again a distinct municipality. The town's boundaries form ~3.73 km of

2546-473: The approaching Montenegrin forces led by Marko Miljanov . More than 140 dead and wounded of the ~300 casualties of the League of Prizren in the battle were from Gusinje. Ismail Omeraga, was a leading commander of the Gusinje volunteers who died in the battles for the defense of Plav-Gusinje. His head was carried back in Cetinje , capital of Montenegro. Reports after the battle claim that the victors carried into

2613-445: The beginning of their migration, including temperature, predation threat, and food availability. Like all migratory birds, geese exhibit an ability to navigate using an internal compass, using a combination of innate and learned behaviors. The preferred direction of migration is heritable, and birds appear to orient themselves using Earth's magnetic field. Migrations occur over the course of several weeks, and up to 85% of migration time

2680-551: The capital of Podgorica and the new eastern provinces of Montenegro would be blocked. As Kelmendi finally became part of Albania, Gusinje was given to Montenegro with the provision that the people of Kelmendi would have free passage to the town. About 2000 Albanian refugees from Gusinje and Plav were reported in Shkodra in 1913 by the director of the Red Cross which was stationed in the city. The beginning of WWI in practice stopped

2747-484: The communists forced nationalist forces of Albania to retreat to Shala which they controlled throughout 1945 and 1946. Members of Shala tribe were very skillful in irrigation . Branislav Nušić recorded that Shala was the poorest tribe of Albania with only small exception of around 400 families who lived in village Isniq, near Deçan . The patron saint of the Shala is Saint John the Evangelist , whose feast day

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2814-509: The crimes performed in Plav and Gusinje are the dark side of the Montenegrin history . Gusinje became part of Albania in WWII by Fascist Italy and then Nazi Germany to win the support of the local population. After the war, the 1913 borders were reaffirmed. Gusinje's status as a distinct municipality was revoked in 1953. Along with other reasons it fueled immigration and impoverishment in the town and

2881-593: The decades to come and the Pashalik of Shkodra emerged as a regional power. The Vezir's mosque, built by Kara Mahmud Bushati in 1765 in the town center is a symbol of the Pashalik's influence in the upper Lim valley. Its downfall in 1831 brought back actual Ottoman rule. In 1852, in the register of the Kosovo Vilayet , Gusinje is recorded with 1,500 households. It was a developing town that had 350 shops, eight madrasas and five mosques. The captaincy of Gusinje in 1869

2948-680: The figure of Murr Dedi. The legends of the Gimaj themselves claim their patrilineal ancestor to be Gim Gjeçi who was the son of Gjeç Gjini and grandson of Gjin Vladi , brother of Pep Vladi the progenitor of Shala. In some stories the figure of Gjin Vladi appears as Dedë Vladi and his son as Gjeç Deda . The chain of descent according to the Gimaj is as follows (from son to father): Gim Gjeçi , Gjeç Gjini (or Deda ), Gjin (or Dedë ) Vladi , Vlad Stala , Stal Bengu , Beng Zogu , Zog Shiroka , Shirok Gjini , Gjin Murri. Historical evidence and

3015-479: The implementation of any agreement. In 1919, the decision was reaffirmed but the border was closed. In Albania, the closing of the border between Malësia and Gusinje has been seen as a main cause for the interwar impoverishment of areas like Kelmendi and Shala , which were deprived from access to their traditional market town. The entry of the Montenegrin army in 1912-13 and the Yugoslav army after 1919 in Gusinje

3082-501: The intersection of the Ottoman trade routes between northern Albania, Montenegro and Kosovo. Thus, the trade that passed through Gusinje generated much wealth for the Sultan and the Ottoman officials who were granted taxing rights. This made the trade route a constant target for the Albanian tribal community ( fis ) of Kelmendi , which lived along the route as they were in rebellion against the Ottomans and were plundering their trade routes. Venetian diplomat Mariano Bolizza who travelled in

3149-533: The less energy-intensive trailing positions; in family groups, parental birds almost always lead. Some mainly Southern Hemisphere birds are called "geese", most of which belong to the shelduck subfamily Tadorninae . These are: Others: The oldest collection of Medieval Icelandic laws is known as "Grágás" ; i.e., the Gray Goose Laws . Various etymologies were offered for that name: Shala (tribe) 42°19′N 19°47′E  /  42.317°N 19.783°E  / 42.317; 19.783 Shala

3216-427: The municipality. In 2014, Gusinje regained its municipal status. Gusinje is almost entirely Muslim and either Albanian-speaking or Slavic-speaking. The Slavic dialect of Gusinje and Plav shows very high structural influence from Albanian. Its uniqueness in terms of language contact between Albanian and Slavic is explained by the fact that most of the Slavic-speakers in today's Gusinje are of Albanian origin, representing

3283-421: The oral traditions recorded suggest that the Shala tribe settled the Shala Valley since at least the 15th century and crystallised as a community during the 17th century following a number of expansions wherein the fis expelled or absorbed the local communities spread across the valley. In both the Ottoman registers of 1485 and 1529-36, the Shala occupied a smaller number of households than the local communities of

3350-840: The plural gēs and gandra (becoming Modern English goose, geese, gander, respectively), West Frisian goes , gies and guoske , Dutch : gans , New High German Gans , Gänse , and Ganter , and Old Norse gās and gæslingr , whence English gosling . This term also gave Lithuanian : žąsìs , Irish : gé (goose, from Old Irish géiss ), Hindi: कलहंस, Latin : anser , Spanish and Portuguese : ganso , Ancient Greek : χήν ( khēn ), Albanian : gatë ( swans ), Finnish : hanhi , Avestan zāō , Polish : gęś , Romanian : gâscă / gânsac , Ukrainian : гуска / гусак ( huska / husak ), Russian : гусыня / гусь ( gusyna / gus ), Czech : husa , and Persian : غاز ( ghāz ). The two living genera of true geese are: Anser , grey geese and white geese, such as

3417-488: The region reported that at the end of 1612 the building of the fortress of Gusinje - near which the modern town developed - was completed. The location was chosen because it stands at the convergence of pathways from Kelmendi. The original location of the fort was near the village of Grnčar/Gërnçar. Modern Gusinje stands ~6 km to the west and ~10 km to the north of the routes from the Kelmendi mountains ( malet e Kelmendit ) to modern Sandžak . The surrounding villages to

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3484-402: The second largest ethnic group are Albanians (34.4%). Religion in Gusinje (2023) The local football team is FK Gusinje , who play in the country's third tier . They play their home games at the City Stadium . The town's basketball team is KK Stršljen . Gusinje is twinned with: Goose A goose ( pl. : geese ) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in

3551-405: The settlements of Mavriq and Pop (Bobi). The village had a total of 11 households which produced 550 ducats per annum. The anthroponyms recorded are overwhelmingly of an Albanian and Christian character, including personal names such as Gjon , Gjin , Malçori , etc. Among the inhabitants, a certain Andrija son of Prekali from the Prekali is recorded. During the late Ottoman period,

3618-557: The south, is an extension of Thethi, as is Rrogam located in the Valbona Valley on the other side of the Valbona Pass . Upper Shala is home to some of the highest peaks in Albania, including Maja Jezercë . Lower Shala is characterised by wider and gentler slopes and topography than that of its northern counterpart. The region is made up of several villages which themselves extend into separate quarters: Gimaj , Nën-Mavriq (also Dakaj ), Lekaj , Abat , Nicaj , Pecaj , Breg Lumi , Lotaj , and Vuksanaj which includes Bob . Under

3685-408: The study of local oral traditions and legends surrounding the founding of the Shala as a tribe, it can be concluded that they arrived as part of a wider population movement and redistribution of peoples that occurred following the Ottoman conquests of Albanian-speaking territories in the 15th century. The core of the Shala fis trace their ancestry to a common patrilineal ancestor, for whom there are

3752-456: The total 157 km of the municipality. Much of the area of the municipality is mountainous land used in the past for livestock herding. The toponym Hotina Gora (mountains of Hoti) in the Plav and Gusinje regions on the Lim river basin in 1330 is the first mention of the Hoti name in historical records in the chrysobulls of Dečani. Šufflay considers this region as the original area of settlement of Hoti from which they moved southwards. It

3819-418: The town 60 heads from their defeated foes. The annexation was effectively stopped and the Great Powers began another round of negotiations which eventually led to Ulcinj 's annexation by Montenegro as compensation. The battle became a point of reference in the Albanian National Awakening and set a precedent about the need of armed struggle to defend other areas. Although the battle took place near Novšiće which

3886-401: The tribe of Shala was exclusively Catholic and it was a famous Albanian tribe. The tribe of Shala claimed it had four bajraktars (chieftains). For the Shala the process of bloodguilt due to blood feuding was restricted to males of a household that were considered fair game. After the Young Turk Revolution (1908) and subsequent restoration of the Ottoman constitution , the Shala tribe made

3953-527: The true geese. Fossils of true geese are hard to assign to genus; all that can be said is that their fossil record, particularly in North America , is dense and comprehensively documents many different species of true geese that have been around since about 10 million years ago in the Miocene . The aptly named Anser atavus (meaning "progenitor goose") from some 12 million years ago had even more plesiomorphies in common with swans. In addition, some goose-like birds are known from subfossil remains found on

4020-433: The west and south ( Vusanje ) are Kelmendi settlements. The fortress was built at the reguest of Sem Zaus, the Ottoman bey of Podgorica who wanted to stop the attacks of Kelmendi and to be able to travel freely in his domain. In 1614, Mariano Bolizza reported that the village had 100 households and a garrison of 237 men under Belo Juvanin. The fortress was also designed to stop the movement of the Kuči and Triepshi tribes in

4087-400: Was a big settlement compared to other villages in Montenegro and northern Albania. In oral tradition, the Nikaj are said to have replaced the Mavriqi when moving in to their modern territory. They were said to have steemed from Vajush near Shkodër settling in the mountain of Nikaj in the period of 1416-1500. With this most of the Mavriqi emigrated to the area of Gusinje. Gusinje stood at

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4154-416: Was a great-great-grandson of Veli. The Shabanagaj (now also known as Šabanagić) were related via marriage with the Bushati family of Shkodra . Shaban Aga, their eponymous ancestor was the son-in-law of Sulejman Pasha Bushati , sanjakbey of Shkodra. He was sent in Gusinje as the commander of the fortress around 1690. The Shabanagaj family owned large estates in Berane . Ali Pasha of Gusinje , commander of

4221-472: Was accompanied by repressive policies against the local population.In 1919, an Albanian revolt, which later came to be known as the Plav rebellion rose up in the Plav, Gusinje and Rozaje districts, fighting against the inclusion of Sandžak in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . As a result, during the Serbian army's second occupation of Gusinje, which took place in 1919, Serb forces attacked Albanian populations in Plav and Gusinje, which had appealed to

4288-411: Was built by the Radončići brotherhood of Kući in 1899. There are also a number of mosques whose ruins only remain today. The mosque of Sultan Ahmed I was built during his reign between 1603 and 1617. It was burnt in 1746-47. Another ruined mosque is that built by the Gjylbegaj family (a branch of the Begolli family ). It was built in 1833. Since 1913, Gusinje has experienced many waves of emigration in

4355-413: Was developing as a commercial town at the time, but still remained outside properly established rule of Ottoman law. Gun ownership was widespread and Ottoman rule was difficult to enforce. This environment allowed for the existence of an effective resistance against annexation. The Albanians of Gusinje opposed the decisions of the treaty and sent telegrams of protest to the embassies of the Great Powers . In

4422-442: Was followed by a period of harsh military administration which until March 1913 had caused up to more than 1,800 killings of locals and 12,000 forced conversions to Christian Orthodoxy. In the aftermath of the Balkan Wars, Gusinje became a subject of dispute between newly independent Albania and Montenegro. Nicholas I of Montenegro in the London Peace Conference asked for the region of Kelmendi as otherwise communication between

4489-404: Was part of the sanjak of Prizren . The two strongest feudal families in the Plav - Gusinje region (~90 km to the northeast of Gruemirë) trace their origin to Gruemiri . The Rexhepagaj of Plav, Montenegro (now, Redžepagić-Rexhepagiqi) moved to Plav in the beginning of the 1650s where their ancestor took the Muslim name Veli when he converted. Rexhep Aga who gave the name to the family

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