The Diplomas de Español como Lengua Extranjera (English: Diplomas of Spanish as a Foreign Language ), or DELE , are official diplomas issued by the Spanish Instituto Cervantes on behalf of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science to participants who have passed a standardised test indicating their European Spanish language proficiency. The diplomas do not expire. Every year, more than 60,000 examinations are taken by candidates in more than 800 examination centres from more than 100 countries. In many countries, the DELE Diplomas have been adopted by schools and universities as a complement to their own evaluation systems, such that it is used as an entry requirement for non-native Spanish speakers.
46-788: A related diploma offered by the Instituto Cervantes since 2015 is the Servicio Internacional de Evaluación de la Lengua Española (SIELE; English: International Spanish Language Evaluation Service ) that tests knowledge of a few Latin American varieties of Spanish as well as European Spanish. DELE were created by the Spanish Ministry of Education in 1989. The University of Salamanca , having issued its own certifications in Spanish until 1991, agreed with
92-893: A separate ministry of its own, and also assuming the Institute for Women and the Institute for Youth. At the beginning of the 10th legislature Ana Mato became minister and the Ministry assumed (only functionally) the Charles III Health Institute (which still belonged to the Ministry of Economy ). In addition, in January 2014 the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition and the National Institute for Consumer Affairs merged giving rise to
138-511: A council of geographers at the University of Salamanca. While the geographers were skeptical of Columbus and his voyage calculations, the University of Salamanca always defended the theory of unknown territories to the west, and supported Columbus' voyage, believing that new territories may be discovered. In the next century, the morality and laws of colonization in the Indies were debated by
184-526: Is a public research university in Salamanca , Spain. Founded in 1218 by King Alfonso IX , it is the oldest university in the Hispanic world and one of the oldest in the world in continuous operation . It has over 30,000 students from 50 different nationalities. Prior to the foundation of the university, Salamanca was home to a cathedral school, known to have been in existence by 1130. The university
230-465: Is a reptile with magical attributes in Spanish tradition. In Romanian folklore , the devil runs a school of black magic named Scholomance . The name is derived from "Salamanca" and the wise king " Solomon ". Salamanca draws undergraduate and graduate students from across Spain and the world; it is the top-ranked university in Spain based on the number of students coming from other regions . It
276-562: Is also known for its Spanish courses for non-native speakers, which attract more than two thousand foreign students each year. Scientific research is carried out in the university and research centers associated with it, such as at the Centro de Investigación del Cáncer [Cancer Research Centre], Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León or INCyL [Institute of Neuroscience of Castile and León], Centro de Láseres Pulsados Ultracortos Ultraintensos [Ultrashort Ultraintense Pulse Lasers Centre]. It
322-842: Is headed by the Minister of Health, who is appointed by the King of Spain at request of the Prime Minister . The Minister is assisted by three main officials, the Secretary of State for Health, the Secretary-General for Digital Health, Information and Innovation of the National Health System and the Under Secretary of Health. The current Health Minister is Mónica García . References can be found to
368-840: Is one of only two Hispanophone universities in the world that have a MoU with the United Nations to train language professionals for the organization. In conjunction with the University of Cambridge , the University of Salamanca co-founded the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) in 1989. In 2018, the institution celebrated its eighth centennial. The library holds about 906,000 volumes. Other notable students and academic teachers include: Ministry of Health of Spain The Ministry of Health ( MISAN )
414-492: Is provided by the National Health System , a decentralized organization composed by the regional health systems and the National Institute of Health Management, the health agency of the central government that provides health care to the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla . According to Eurostat (2017 data), Spain spends 8.9% of GDP on health, approximately $ 104 billion ( € 86 billion). According to
460-712: Is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for proposing and executing the government policy on health , planning and providing healthcare as well as the exercise of the powers of the General State Administration to assure citizens the right to health protection . The Ministry is headquartered in the Paseo del Prado in Madrid , opposite the Prado Museum . Healthcare in Spain
506-592: The COVID-19 pandemic . It was precisely as a result of this pandemic that in August 2020 the department underwent a major reform in its structure, recovering the position of Secretary of State for Health (which already existed between 1979 and 1981) as second-in-command and creating the General Secretariat for Digital Health, Information and Innovation of the National Health System. The Ministry of Health
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#1732801330527552-510: The Council of Trent . The school's mathematicians studied the calendar reform, commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII and proposed the solution that was later implemented. By 1580, 6,500 new students had arrived at Salamanca each year, amongst the graduates were state officials of the Spanish monarchy administration. It was also during this period when the first female university students were probably admitted, Beatriz Galindo and Luisa de Medrano ,
598-558: The Ministry of the Presidency . Montón also strengthen the consumers affairs competences by recovering the Directorate-General for Consumers Affairs and regained universal healthcare for undocumented immigrants. She resigned after three months in office after a degree scandal and María Luisa Carcedo succeeded her. Carcedo continued with the program established by Montón on fight against pseudosciences and recovering
644-537: The School of Salamanca , along with the development of the study of science , geography and cartography of the Americas , and as well as the study of general subjects of economics , philosophy and theology . Salamanca's colleges ( Colegios Mayores ) were founded as charitable institutions to enable poor scholars to attend the university. By the eighteenth century they had become closed corporations controlled by
690-543: The general election of 1996 , José Manuel Romay Beccaría was appointed Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs, a position he held throughout the 6th Legislature . Under his direction was created in 1997, the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices . In the 7th Legislature Celia Villalobos became minister (2000–2002) and achieved notoriety by her handling mad cow disease . She was succeeded by Ana Pastor Julián (2002–2004). The mad cow crisis precipitated
736-704: The Annual Report of the National Health System 2019, the total expenditure of the Spanish health system in 2018 was 109.9 billion euros (77.4 billion corresponding to the public sector and 32.5 billion to the private sector). This represents 2,351 euros per capita and an expenditure of 9.1% of the Spanish GDP. As of 2018, regarding human resources, the NHS had 780,377 professionals. Of these, 188,166 are medical professionals, 274,633 nursing professionals, and 317,578 are other types of health professionals. The Ministry
782-572: The DELE examination. The examination centres must undertake to treat the documentation and the instructions received from the Instituto Cervantes in a confidential way and not to make undue use thereof. The following people may become DELE examiners: Examiners are trained through specific courses, which are offered in three formats namely online, face-to-face and blended, in order to be familiar with DELE exams and all their duties. All examiners must avoid possible conflicts of interest with candidates. When
828-483: The DELE website. DELE is internationally recognised among public and private educational institutions and authorities as well as in the business world and chambers of commerce. In many countries, DELE has been adopted by educational authorities and schools as a complement to their own systems of assessment, such that it is used as an entry requirement for non-native Spanish speakers. They are useful to facilitate promotion at work and access to education, both in Spain and in
874-539: The Interior . State powers in this area remained with this department until 1933, when the Undersecretariat for Health and Charity was transferred to the Ministry of Labour , which then became known as the Ministry of Labour and Health. However, the first ministry focused on health was created on 4 November 1936, as the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, with a woman holding a cabinet portfolio for
920-605: The Labour ministry. With this reform the Ministry acquired competencies over Consumers Affairs (through the National Institute for Consumers Affairs). During the first years of the premiership of Felipe González and the National Health System and the National Transplant Organization were created thanks primarily to the impulse of the minister Ernest Lluch . With the victory of the People's Party in
966-540: The Ministry of Education of Spain to undertake the development, production and grading of the examinations leading eventually to the DELE Diplomas. Since 2002, the Instituto Cervantes has been responsible for the examination; it also acts as a Central Examinations Board and issues the Diplomas. The Instituto Cervantes has been delegating the tasks of setting up the examinations, designing test papers and grading to
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#17328013305271012-498: The Observatory of Women's Health. A major restructuring occurred in 2020. The Department of Health lost all its competences on consumer affairs and social servicies, that were transferred to the ministries of Consumer Affairs and of Social Rights and 2030 Agenda , respectively. However, in exchange, the department assumed the government policies on drugs. During this time, Carcedo was replaced by Salvador Illa , who had to face
1058-726: The University of Salamanca since then. Originally, the DELE existed in only three levels, but later on developed into six levels, each corresponding to a certain level described by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages . The content and duration of the tests vary. The DELE examinations are carried out in a network of Cervantes Centres and in a wide network of DELE examination centres. There are currently more than 800 centres in over 100 countries. For example: universities , teaching centres of Spanish, academies, embassies and consulates could also serve as examination centres. Any language institution in
1104-400: The action of Government in public health and welfare in the 19th century. The Royal Decree of 9 November 1832 created a Ministry of Development , which included powers over "the field of health with the infirmaries, water and mineral baths" and "charitable institutions". A further Royal Decree of 10 March 1847, created a Department of Health, one of six that made up what is now the Ministry of
1150-686: The assumption of Montserrat, the Güertel case that provoked the resignation of minister Mato also provoked in June 2018 the fall of the Rajoy government through a motion of no-confidence driven by the Leader of the Opposition Pedro Sánchez . After the success of the motion, Sánchez appointed Carmen Montón as Health Minister and the Ministry transferred the competences over equality to
1196-542: The candidates are their students, family members or friends, they must communicate with their corresponding superiors. Registration fees for DELE vary. It depends on the level of the test as well as the country where the examination is taken. To give one example, Charles III University of Madrid charges € 130 ( $ 150) for the A2 diploma and €205 ( $ 230) for the C1 diploma in the 2022 academic year. The Instituto Cervantes publishes
1242-423: The cooperation and coordination in language assessment in Spanish, in order to promote the study of Spanish as a foreign language . Instituto Cervantes, as a member of ALTE and SICELE, endorses the code of ethics and principles of good practice of these associations, which are made extensive to DELE examiners. University of Salamanca The University of Salamanca ( Spanish : Universidad de Salamanca )
1288-574: The creation in 2011 of the Spanish Food Safety Agency, named since 2007 as Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency. At the beginning of the 8th legislature Elena Salgado assumed as Health Minister (2004–2007). With her, in 2004 the National Plan on Drugs , belonged to the Ministry of the Interior, was shifted to the Ministry of Health. Eight months before the end of the legislature, the scientific Bernat Soria assumed
1334-559: The domestic governance of the Department and other focused on Health), a Technical General Secretariat and six Directorates-General: Staff, Management and Finance; Social Benefits; Social Services; Healthcare; Pharmaceutical Management and Public Health and Veterinary Health. For a short period between February and November 1981, Health was once again merged with Labour . Royal Decree 2823/1981, restored it to full ministerial rank but this time without social security which remained within
1380-558: The families of their founders, and dominated the university between them. Most were destroyed by Napoleon's troops. In the 19th century, the Spanish government dissolved the university's faculties of canon law and theology . They were later reestablished in the 1940s as part of the Pontifical University of Salamanca . The faculty renovated the theology department, laid the foundation for modern-day law, international law, modern economic science and actively participated in
1426-605: The first time in the history of Spain: Federica Montseny . This ministry was short-lived. When the Prime Minister of the Republic , Juan Negrín , replaced Francisco Largo Caballero , the ministry was abolished and its powers were transferred to the Ministry of Labour (Social Assistance affairs) and to the Ministry of Public Instruction (Health affairs) by a Decree of May 1937. After the Spanish Civil War ,
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1472-467: The latter probably being the first woman ever to give classes at a university. In popular belief, the university was associated with sorcery. A certain cave in Salamanca was considered the site of a school of black magic. In Spanish, Salamanca may mean "cave", "an evil iguana" and "hand trick" and the salamanquesa ( Tarentola mauritanica , the Spanish name is also derived from " salamander ")
1518-654: The new Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition. On 24 November 2014, Mato resigned after being implicated in the corruption case known as Gürtel . On 3 December 2014, Alfonso Alonso succeeded her. After the 2016 cabinet reshuffle, Dolors Montserrat was appointed Minister of Health and one of his first measures was to raise the rank of the Director of the National Transplant Organization to Director-General in order to strengthen this institution. Barely 1 year later after
1564-679: The newly founded University of Alcalá . These men staffed the various councils of state, including, eventually, the Consejo de Indias and Casa de Contratacion , the two highest bodies in metropolitan Spain for the government of the Spanish Empire in the New World . While Columbus was lobbying the King and Queen for a contract to seek out a western route to the Indies, he made his case to
1610-564: The office of Health Minister. In the next legislature Soria was confirmed as Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs, and he was succeeded by Trinidad Jiménez in 2009 following a cabinet reshuffle. Under Jiménez Social Policy was returned to the health portfolio, including the Institute for the Elderly and Social Services (IMSERSO), previously under Education . Under minister Leire Pajín (October 2010-December 2011), responsibilities on Equality issues were added to her duties, previously under
1656-409: The official language must prove that they have sufficient competence in Spanish by passing the DELE exam C1 or C2. The DELE B2 is no longer accepted for these medical training places. Several American universities award course credit for the diplomas or require Spanish majors to acquire them. Over 100 000 people have taken the DELE exams in eighty countries and two hundred and ninety cities throughout
1702-424: The organisational preparations of DELE exams, though a centre need not provide the DELE exam at all levels. Examination centres also give academic advice to candidates concerning the level of examinations a candidate should take and how they should prepare for the exam. When possible, they may offer courses to prepare for the examinations at each level. The examination centres are also responsible for helping to promote
1748-401: The other countries where the tests are taken. While a DELE B2 certificate is normally enough to fulfil the language requirement for admittance to universities in Spain, the Ministry of Health of Spain has modified the requirements for language proficiency in Spanish for those wishing to apply for specialised medical training places. Candidates who are citizens of countries where Spanish is not
1794-433: The participants failed the test. The results are permanently valid. The C2 exam is considered by some to be the most difficult official Spanish language exam available. In order to prepare for the examination, sample examination papers and audio material can be obtained at the official website of DELE. Teachers preparing students for the examination can also find teachers' guides and other teaching materials and resources on
1840-696: The prestige the institution rapidly acquired. In the reign of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile , the Spanish government was revamped. Contemporary with the Spanish Inquisition , the expulsion of the Jews and Muslims, and the conquest of Granada , there was a certain professionalization of the apparatus of the state. This involved the massive employment of "letrados", i.e., bureaucrats and lawyers, who were "licenciados" (university graduates), particularly, of Salamanca , and
1886-577: The responsibility returned to the Ministry of the Interior until 1977. The Health Ministry was created again in the Constituent Legislature in 1977, integrating responsibilities for Health that were hitherto managed by the Ministry of the Interior , and the powers of the Undersecretariat for Social Security . Royal Decree 1558 of 4 July 1977 established the ministry in its current form, including responsibility for Social Security. Staffing consisted of two undersecretariats (one for
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1932-431: The results approximately three months after the examination, upon the approval of grades by the University of Salamanca. Participants need to pass all parts of the exam in order to pass the entire test. The average passing rate including all levels was 61% in 2012; but the passing rate decreased significantly with the increased difficulty from A1, where the passing rate was higher than 75%, to C2 level, where more than half of
1978-562: The university, and referred to it for the first time by that name. A papal bull of Alexander IV in 1255 confirmed the Royal Charter of Alfonso X and granted universal recognition to the university's degrees. The historical phrases Quod natura non dat, Salmantica non praestat (what nature does not give, Salamanca does not lend, in Latin) and Multos et doctissimos Salmantica habet (many and very versed Salamanca has) give an idea of
2024-448: The world, having satisfied the requirements set by Instituto Cervantes, can apply to become an examination centre. One of the advantages of being an examination centre, as claimed by the Instituto Cervantes, is that it could diversify the courses available by offering courses to prepare for these examinations and its status as an examination centre could draw a greater number of students. The examination centres should be responsible for all
2070-504: The world. As the organisers of the DELE examination, Instituto Cervantes and the University of Salamanca are jointly a member of the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE), where they communicate with language testers of other European countries on issues concerning language tests. Instituto Cervantes, as the organiser of the DELE examination, is also a member of Sistema Internacional de Certificación del Español como Lengua Extrajera (SICELE), an association aiming at enhancing
2116-465: Was founded as a studium generale by the Leonese king Alfonso IX in 1218 as the scholas Salamanticae , with the actual creation of the university (or the transformation of the existing school into the university) occurring between August 1218 and the following winter. A further royal charter from King Alfonso X, dated 8 May 1254, established rules for the organisation and financial endowment of
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