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47-768: It comprised the Republic of Adygeya , the Republic of Dagestan , the Republic of Ingushetia , the Kabardino-Balkar Republic , the Republic of Kalmykia , the Karachay–Cherkess Republic , the Republic of North Osetia-Alaniya , the Chechen Republic , Krasnodar Krai , Stavropol Krai , and Astrakhan , Volgograd , and Rostov oblasts. It has the same borders as the Southern Federal District . Its last commander

94-572: A SAM brigade. From late 1991 into 1992 the 173rd Guards District Training Centre suffered huge losses of equipment to Chechen militants as it was pillaged in the process of removal of weapons to the Russian Federation proper; it was formally disbanded on 4 January 1992. The former 8th Guards Army of Stalingrad fame, was withdrawn from East Germany to the site of its greatest victory, now named Volgograd , in May 1993. While being transferred to

141-832: A laureate of an international festival in Yugoslavia . It has also visited the Chechen Republic more than once, and in February 2002 attended a military parade of the United Group of Forces in Grozny . The unit consisted of 83 musician who were both military and civilian personnel. The Song and Dance Ensemble of the North Caucasian Military District was created in 1943 and has a permanent composition of 50 musicians. Every fifth member of

188-594: A majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians . The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian . The Cherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast was established within the Russian SFSR on July 27, 1922, on the territories of the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast , primarily settled by the Adyghe people . At that time, Krasnodar was the administrative center . It

235-542: A population of roughly 496,934 residents. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population. Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people that form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form

282-460: Is famous for producing grain , sunflowers , tea , tobacco , and other produce. Hog and sheep breeding are also developed. Food, timber, woodworking, pulp and paper, heavy engineering, and metal-working are the most developed industries. There is a small airport in Maykop ( ICAO airport code URKM). Several rail lines pass through the republic. The Adyghe language (Адыгабзэ) is a member of

329-476: The 12th Army Corps controlled the 9th Motor Rifle Division (Maykop), the 156th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) ( Novorossiysk ), and the 113th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) at Goryachiy Klyuch, Krasnodar Krai . The 113th Motor Rifle Division was formed in 1978, and in 1981 moved to Molkino, Krasnodar Krai. The same year, the 34th Army Corps controlled the 82nd Motor Rifle Division (Volvograd) and 197th Motor Rifle Division ( Uryupinsk ). In August 1982

376-537: The 131st Motor Rifle Brigade ( Maykop – former 9 MRD), the 58th Army (headquarters at Vladikavkaz ) with the 19th Motor Rifle Division , 136th "Umansko-Berlinskaya" Independent Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, and other brigades and regiments, the 4th Air Army , the Transcaucasus Group of Forces , the Caspian Flotilla , and other formations and units. These other formations and units included

423-686: The 165th and 175th Rifle Divisions , the 26th Mechanised Corps with the 52nd and 56th Tank Divisions and the 103rd Mechanised Division , the 28th Mountain Rifle Division , and the 157th Rifle Division . The 19th Army was formed in the District in May–June 1941 under former district commander Ivan Konev and was engaged against the Germans from the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. 50th and 53rd Cavalry Divisions were also formed here, joining

470-630: The 2021 Census , ethnic Russians make up 64.4% of the republic's total population, while the ethnic Adyghe are 25.7%. Other groups include Armenians (3.3%), Kurds (1.2%), Romani people (0.7%) and Ukrainians (0.6%). According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people 35.4% of the population of Adygea adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 23.6% to Islam , 3% are unaffiliated Christians and 1% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or are members of other Orthodox churches . In addition, 19.8% of

517-421: The 29th Rifle Corps , 9th Rifle , 19th Rifle , 24th Guards Rifle , 46th Rifle , and 73rd Mountain Rifle Division , and the 1st Guards Tank Division . In 1957 the 12th Rifle Corps became the 12th Army Corps (Soviet Union) . At the time it controlled the 42nd Guards Motor Rifle Division and the 92nd Motor Rifle Division (Ordzhonikidze, Severo-Osetinskaya ASSR), which became the 19th MRD in 1964. In 1957

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564-617: The 42nd Army Corps ( ru:42-й армейский корпус (СССР) ) was formed in Ordzhonikidze in North Ossetia . It was assigned the 19th and 268th (cadre) Motor Rifle Divisions. In the District in 1988–89 were the 128th cadre Air Assault Brigade at Stavropol, subordinated directly to Army General Nikolai Ivanovich Popov  [ ru ] and his High Command of the Southern Military Direction at Baku ;

611-601: The Northwest Caucasian language family . Along with Russian , Adyghe is the official language of the republic. There are 8 state and 23 public museums in the republic. The largest museum is the National Museum of the Republic of Adygea in Maykop. Surviving Destroyed or barely existing 46th Rifle Division (Soviet Union) The 46th Rifle Division was a rifle division of

658-669: The Red Army . The division was formed in 1923 as a territorial unit, assigned to the 14th Rifle Corps of the Ukrainian Military District . Based in Kiev , it included the 136th, 137th, and 138th Rifle Regiments. Its regiments received the honorifics Pre-Dnieper, Kiev, and Pereyaslavl , respectively, by 1930. Reorganized as a cadre unit in 1931, it became part of the Kiev Military District when

705-717: The Soviet Western Front . Later the District saw battles around Rostov in November 1941 where the Germans suffered defeat, and the Battle of Stalingrad , which has been described as the most ferocious battle to date. Following the conclusion of the Battle of the Caucasus , the North Caucasian Front and the headquarters of the 56th Army were disbanded in accordance with a Supreme Command directive of

752-579: The State Duma and the other two to the Federation Council . The Constitution of the Republic of Adygea was adopted on May 14, 1995. The Republic of Adygea is administratively divided into seven districts ( raions ), two cities/towns , and (at a lower administrative level) five urban-type settlements . Municipally , the republic is divided into two urban okrugs, five urban settlements, and 46 rural settlements. According to

799-430: The 173rd Guards District Training Centre at Groznyy (the former 42nd Training MRD renamed in 1987), the 14th Tank Division, and the 110th Guards Artillery Division, other smaller formations and units all under district control, plus the formations and units in the 12th, 34th, and 42nd Army Corps. The 110th Guards Artillery Division had been established in 1966 by being upgraded from brigade status. Headquarters and staff of

846-503: The 1st Cavalry Army staff until its dissolution on 11 October 1923. District headquarters ended up at Rostov . Kliment Voroshilov was made district commander. During the 1920s and 1930s, the District became home to many training establishments, which were to multiply greatly during the Second World War . In June 1941 the district's first line troops comprised the 64th Rifle Corps commanded by Major General A.D. Kuleshov with

893-438: The 20 November 1943. The Independent Coastal Army was formed, for the second time, on their base. The 68th, 76th, 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82nd and 83rd Naval Rifle Brigades were formed in the district after a November–December 1941 People's Commissariat for Defence resolution. Immediately following the war, to demobilize the force, on 9 July 1945 the territory was split into three military districts: Don, Stavropol, and

940-730: The 29th Rifle Corps became the 29th Army Corps (9th and 73rd Motor Rifle Divisions), but eleven years later it was moved to Belogorsk , Amur Oblast, in the Far East Military District . In addition, there was the 18th Guards Heavy Tank Division at Novocherkassk . The 18th Guards HTD was involved in the Novocherkassk massacre in 1962. During the massacre, as the first deputy commander of the North Caucasian Military District , Lieutenant General Matvey Shaposhnikov refused to comply with

987-520: The Caucasus, it became 8th Guards Army Corps. Arriving in Volgograd, it absorbed the previous 34th Army Corps, which from May 1992 – June 1993 had been designated the 48th Combined Arms Army. On December 1, 1993, the 136th Motor Rifle Brigade was established at Buynaksk , Dagestan . In 1996–97, the brigade was merged with the 204th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment "Uman-Berlin" as the 136th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade . The 204th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment

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1034-718: The German invasion of the Soviet Union, began on 22 June 1941, the division was assigned to the 32nd Rifle Corps of the 16th Army of the Transbaikal Military District, and still stationed in Irkutsk. It was commanded by Major General Alexander Filatov at the time. Sent west, it was wiped out during the Battle of Smolensk in July. The division was reformed at Ufa after July 1941, but was destroyed in

1081-658: The Kuban. In 1946 the Don Military District was renamed again as the North Caucasian Military District. The official Russian military website notes the work of the soldiers of the district in helping repair the ravages of the war. The important Kapustin Yar test range was created in the District following the war. In 1955 the district's forces included the 6th Rifle Corps ( 68th Mechanised Division and 372nd, soon to become 68th, Rifle Division). Other forces included

1128-1017: The Southern Military District. Order of the Red Banner North Caucasus Military District 2010: Also located at Novorossiysk within the district's boundaries, but not under its command, was the 7th Guards Mountain Air Assault Division , part of the Russian Airborne Troops with their headquarters in Moscow. The Headquarters Military Band of the North Caucasus Military District was founded on 26 December 1962. Musicians have been repeated laureates and diploma recipients of all-army competitions of military bands, as well as

1175-825: The Ukrainian Military District was split on 17 May 1935. The division transferred to the Zhitomir Army Group of the Kiev Special Military District on 26 July 1938 during another reorganization. The 46th was soon transferred to Irkutsk , assigned to the Transbaikal Military District . It was reorganized under peacetime tables of organization and equipment with an authorized strength of 6,000 personnel in April 1940. When Operation Barbarossa ,

1222-624: The Volkhov Pocket during June 1942. It was again reformed from the 1st Rifle Division NKVD at Vaskelevo, and fought at Lutsk and Danzig. The 46th was part of the 2nd Shock Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front in May 1945. When the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany was formed in August 1945, the division was with the 109th Rifle Corps of the 2nd Shock Army. In 1955, the division

1269-431: The autonomous oblast became part of the new Azov-Black Sea Krai , which was removed from North Caucasus Krai. Maykop was made the administrative center of the autonomous oblast in 1936. Adyghe AO became part of Krasnodar Krai when it was established on September 13, 1937. On July 3, 1991, the oblast was elevated to the status of a republic under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. The first President of

1316-467: The collective is an honored artist of some profession. There is also a composition of 5–10 conscripts. Its main task is to help the commanders of units maintain the moral and psychological spirit of their personnel. In the period between 1999 and 2003, the ensemble performed 200 concerts in the area of the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus. On 1 November 1967, a museum dedicated to

1363-523: The district were at Rostov-on-Don . In 1989, the 14th Tank Division was transferred to the MVD, and retitled as the 100th Motorised Division for Special Use MVD . Later the 100th Division was reduced in status to the 50th Separate Brigade of Operational Designation MVD, now part of the National Guard of Russia . The official website underlines the importance of the District as a border formation with

1410-585: The district. The 12th Army Corps at Krasnodar , briefly to become the 49th Army , commanded the 9th Motor Rifle Division , the 42nd Army Corps at Vladikavkaz commanded the 19th Motor Rifle Division , and the 34th Army Corps at Volgograd commanded the 82nd Motor Rifle Division. Units directly under district command included the 110th Guards Artillery Division at Buynaksk , the 173rd District Training Centre at Groznyy one SSM, one SAM, one artillery, and one pipeline brigade. There were also reserve (no equipment) units: an artillery brigade, an anti-tank brigade, and

1457-555: The first decade of the 21st century, the Armed Forces did not have the primary role in directing the anti-terrorist effort in the North Caucasus region. The Regional Operational Headquarters (ROSh), chaired by the Deputy Director FSB RF (Head of the department for protection of the constitutional structure and the campaign against terrorism) directed and conducted the counter-terrorist operation. Subordinated to it

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1504-574: The history of the creation and formation of the North Caucasian Military District. Republic of Adygeya The Republic of Adygea , ( / ˌ ɑː d ɪ ˈ ɡ eɪ ə / ) also known as the Adygean Republic , is a republic of Russia . It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe . The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District , and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with

1551-493: The military history of the North Caucasian Military District was opened in the House of Officers of the district. Since October 2010, it has served as the military history museum of the Southern Military District. In the memorial hall of the new museum, there is a relief map of the former district, opposite to which there are marble pylons with the names of two and three time Heroes of the Soviet Union . The Civil War hall reflects on

1598-560: The newly forming 33rd and 34th Independent Motor Rifle Brigades (Mountain). The District was the primary Russian military formation responsible for managing the Chechen conflict throughout the First and Second Chechen Wars . Insurgent activity slowly decreased in the early 2000s. Twenty-six soldiers won the star of the Hero of the Russian Federation in the first war, and 43 in the second. In

1645-412: The northern areas and mountains in the southern area. Forests (mainly of European beech, oak, and maple) cover almost 40% of its territory. The 870-kilometer (540 mi) long Kuban River is one of the major navigable rivers in the Caucasus region. It forms part of the northern border between the Republic of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai . Other rivers include: The republic has no large lakes. However,

1692-638: The order to attack the demonstrators with tanks. Shaposhnikov was later expelled from the Communist Party for his criticism of the massacre. The District was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1968. In 1974 the 14th Tank Division was established at Novocherkassk , to replace the 51st Tank Division which was moving to Mongolia. In 1979 Scott and Scott reported the District's HQ address as Rostov-na-Donu 18, Ulitsa Tekucheva, Dom 135. In 1980

1739-472: The population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" 8% is atheist , and 8.6% follows other religions or did not answer to the question. Adyghe State University and Maykop State Technological University , both in the capital Maykop, are the two major higher education facilities in Adygea. Even though it is one of the poorest parts of Russia, the republic has abundant forests and rich soil. The region

1786-460: The previous 42nd Army Corps headquarters. 8th Guards Army Corps was disbanded in 1998. In 2006 the District included the 42nd Guards Motor Rifle Division at Khankala , in the environs of Grozny in Chechniya, the 20th "Prikarpatsko-Berlinskaya" Guards Motor Rifle Division (which may have absorbed the 56th Guards Air Assault Brigade ), the 33rd Independent Motor Rifle Regiment ( Volgograd ),

1833-541: The region. There is also a directly elected State Council ( Khase or Xase —not to be confused with the Adyghe Khase, a union of Adyghe who supported Sovmen for a second term), which comprises the Council of Representatives and the Council of the Republic. Both councils are elected every five years and have 27 deputies each. The Republic sends three representatives to the parliament of the Russian Federation; one to

1880-686: The republic was Aslan Dzharimov , elected on 5 January 1992. Relations between the Adyghe and ethnic Russians in Adygea are currently good. Russians make up two-thirds of the population within Adygea. The current Head of Adygea is Murat Kumpilov . Adygea lies in Russia's Southern Federal District of Eastern Europe, in the foothills of the Northwestern Caucasus in the Caucasus Mountains System, with plains in

1927-404: The several large reservoirs include: The republic's major mountains and peaks range in height from 2,000–3,238 metres (6,562–10,623 ft), and include: The republic is rich in oil and natural gas . Other natural resources include gold , silver , tungsten , and iron . February 15, 2010, recorded the absolute maximum for the winter months—in the capital, the city of Maykop ,

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1974-644: The task of securing the southern boundary of the Russian Federation . The first conflict the District became involved in during the post Soviet period was the attempted secession of South Ossetia from Georgia to join North Ossetia, which is a federal subject of the Russian Federation. Soldiers from the District became involved in protecting installation in Vladikavkaz from irregular fighters in late 1992. In 1990, there were three army corps in

2021-457: The temperature was 23.4 °C (74.1 °F). The chief executive of the government of the Republic of Adygea is the Head (called "President" until May 2011), who is appointed for a five-year term. Proficiency in the Adyghe language is a prerequisite for the candidate. The current Head, Murat Kumpilov (since January 27, 2017), succeeded Aslan Tkhakushinov , initially as acting Head of

2068-533: Was Lieutenant General Alexander Galkin, appointed from January 2010. The District was originally established on 4 May 1918, and reorganized as a field formation during the Russian Civil War . The First Cavalry Army was formed in the District in November 1919. On 4 May 1921, the field headquarters of the 1st Cavalry Army was used to form the headquarters of the North Caucasus Military District (2nd formation). However, troops remained subordinated to

2115-463: Was renamed Adyghe (Cherkess) Autonomous Oblast on August 24, 1922, soon after its creation. In the first two years of its existence the autonomous oblast was a part of the Russian SFSR , but on October 17, 1924, it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly created North Caucasus Krai within the RSFSR. It was renamed Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (AO) in July 1928. On January 10, 1934,

2162-712: Was the Combined Grouping of Troops (OGV) in the North Caucasus drawing on the Armed Forces, the Interior Troops, the FSB, and other agencies. During the 2008 South Ossetia War , troops from this district were involved in combat operations in South Ossetia and inside Georgian territory. The Southern Military District was formed on October 22, 2010, and the North Caucasus Military District was disbanded. Lieutenant General Alexander Galkin took command of

2209-407: Was transferred to the North Caucasus at some point during the transformation of the 94th Guards Motor Rifle Division , returning from the GSFG, to become the 74th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade in the Siberian Military District . The 58th Combined Arms Army 's creation was announced on April 26, 1995; previously there had only been corps headquarters in the District. The new 58th Army was formed from

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