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64-658: The area surrounding the border with Colombia is known as the Darién Gap , a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest. With no roads, it is the missing link of the Pan-American Highway . The name originates from the language spoken by the Cueva , an Indigenous tribe destroyed by the European conquistadors during the 16th century. The Tanela River, which flows toward Atrato , was Hispanicized to Darién;

128-592: A 3.7-meter (12 ft) wooden cross, a trek confirmed by Guinness World Records as part of "the longest round-the-world pilgrimage" for Christ. Most crossings of the Darién Gap region have been from Panama to Colombia. In July 1961, three college students — Carl Adler, James Wirth, and Joseph Bellina — crossed from the Bay of San Miguel to Puerto Obaldia on the Gulf of Parita (near Colombia) and ultimately to Mulatupu in

192-503: A fishing fleet operates from Panama City . In the inland rivers of the province, fishing is mainly for sustenance. The lumber industry yields valuable woods such as cedar, balsa , balsam, mahogany and cocobolo . Dari%C3%A9n Gap The Darién Gap ( UK : / ˈ d ɛər i ə n , ˈ d ær -/ , US : / ˌ d ɛər i ˈ ɛ n , ˌ d ɑːr -, d ɑːr ˈ j ɛ n / , Spanish : Tapón del Darién [taˈpon del daˈɾjen] , lit.   ' Darién plug ' )

256-590: A large number of sites with impressive platform mounds, plazas, paved roads, stone sculpture and artifacts made from jade , gold and ceramic materials. The Guna people lived in what is now Northern Colombia and the Darién Province of Panama at the time of the Spanish conquest , and they subsequently began to move westward due to a conflict with the Spanish and other indigenous groups. Centuries before

320-713: A major power would be to share the benefits of England's international trade and the growth of the English overseas possessions, so its future would have to lie in unity with England. Furthermore, Scotland's nobles were almost bankrupted by the Darién fiasco. Most of Panama was part of Colombia until it declared its independence in 1903, with encouragement and support from the United States. The geography of Darién, through which no troops could pass, made its Departamento of Panamá harder to defend and control. The current border

384-524: A motorboat across the Gulf of Uraba from Turbo to Capurganá and then hopping the coast to Sapzurro and hiking from there to La Miel, Panama. All inland routes through the Darién remain highly dangerous. In June 2017, CBS journalist Adam Yamaguchi filmed smugglers leading refugees on a nine-day journey from Colombia to Panama through the Darién. Migrants from Africa , South Asia , the Middle East ,

448-668: A sandy bay in the north of Darien near Golden Island. It forged a "treaty of alliance and friendship" with an Indigenous leader, and founded in Acla a colony known as New Caledonia. Paterson and his expedition withstood a Spanish force which attempted to confront them. However, diseases related to the climate and unsanitary conditions soon decimated the expedition. In June 1699 the Scots were forced to leave New Caledonia, despite protests from Paterson, and retreated to Jamaica. A second expedition left Scotland on September 24, 1699 from Rothesay on

512-425: A separate corregimiento . The comarca indígena (indigenous territory) of Emberá-Wounaan was established from the province on November 8, 1983. It consists of two districts: Darién Province covers an area of 11,896 square kilometres (4,593 sq mi), comparable to the island of Jamaica . It is the largest province by area, but also the smallest in population. In the centre is an undulating plain, fed by

576-576: A stretch of the Pacific Coast and almost the entire border with neighbouring Colombia. On 6 June 1992, Copa Airlines Flight 201 , a Boeing 737 jet airplane covering a flight between Panama City and Cali, Colombia, crashed in the Darién Gap, killing all 47 people on board. To travel between the continents through the Darién Gap has long been a challenge for adventure travelers. The Gap can be transited by off-road vehicles attempting intercontinental journeys. The first post-colonial expedition to

640-554: A total of 15,310 homes. At the 2023 census 54,235 people were counted. The population is primarily indigenous, Afro-Descendants , and settlers who migrated from other provinces (mainly Santeña , Herrerano and Veraguas ) in search of land and opportunity. The characteristic music of the people of Darién is the bullerengue , a drum dance from Africa. Groups who have migrated to the province are trying to preserve their customs and traditions which are distinct from Colombian culture. Radio stations play bullerengue ; stations nearer

704-478: Is La Palma , the capital of Darién Province, with roughly 4,200 residents; other population centers include Yaviza and El Real , both on the Panamanian side. Owing to its isolation and harsh geography, the Darién Gap is largely undeveloped, with most economic activity consisting of small-scale farming, cattle ranching, and lumber. Criminal enterprises such as human and drug trafficking are widespread. There

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768-474: Is a geographic region that connects the American continents , stretching across southern Panama 's Darién Province and the northern portion of Colombia 's Chocó Department . Consisting of a large watershed , dense rainforest , and mountains, it is known for its remoteness, difficult terrain, and extreme environment, with a reputation as one of the most inhospitable regions in the world. Nevertheless, as

832-460: Is a mountainous rainforest , with terrain reaching from 60 m (197 ft) in the valley floors to 1,845 m (6,053 ft) at the tallest peak, Cerro Tacarcuna, in the Serranía del Darién . The Darién Gap is inhabited mostly by the indigenous Embera-Wounaan and Guna peoples; in 1995, it had a reported population of 8,000 among five tribes. The only sizable settlement in the region

896-596: Is a system of roads measuring about 30,000 km (19,000 mi) in length that runs north–south through the entirety of North, Central and South America, with the sole exception of a 106 km (66 mi) stretch of marshland and mountains between Panama and Colombia known as the Darién Gap. On the South American side, the Highway terminates at Turbo, Colombia , near 8°6′N 76°40′W  /  8.100°N 76.667°W  / 8.100; -76.667 . On

960-629: Is documented in his 1976 book The Rucksack Man and in Wade Davis's 1996 book One River . In 1981, George Meegan crossed the gap on a similar journey. He too started in Tierra del Fuego and eventually ended in Alaska. His 1988 biography, The Longest Walk , describes the trip and includes a 25-page chapter on his foray through the Gap. In 1979, evangelist Arthur Blessitt traversed the gap while carrying

1024-594: Is no road, not even a primitive one, across the Darién: Colombia and Panama are the only countries in the Americas that share a land border but lack even a rudimentary link. The "Gap" interrupts the Pan-American Highway , which breaks at Yaviza, Panama and resumes at Turbo, Colombia roughly 106 km (66 mi) away. Infrastructure development has long been constrained by logistical challenges, financial costs, and environmental concerns; attempts failed in

1088-741: Is regulated by the Victoria-Velez Treaty  [ es ] , signed in Bogotá on 20 August 1924 by the Foreign Ministers of Panama, Nicolás Victoria  [ es ] , and Colombia, Jorge Vélez . This treaty is officially registered in the Register No. 814 of the Treaty League of Nations , on 17 August 1925; said border was based on the same Colombian law of 9 June 1855. Two major national parks exist in

1152-596: Is to use a combination of bridges and tunnels to avoid the environmentally sensitive regions. Archaeological knowledge of this area has received relatively little attention compared to its neighbors to the north and south, although in the early 20th century, scholars such as Max Uhle , William Henry Holmes , C. V. Hartman and George Grant MacCurdy undertook studies of archaeological sites and collections that were augmented by further research by Samuel Kirkland Lothrop , John Alden Mason , Doris Zemurray Stone , William Duncan Strong , Gordon Willey and others. There are

1216-491: The Caribbean , and China have been known to cross the Darién Gap as a method of migrating to the United States. This route may entail flying to Ecuador (taking advantage of that nation's liberal visa policy ) and attempting to cross the gap on foot. The journalist Jason Motlagh was interviewed by Sacha Pfeiffer on NPR 's nationally syndicated radio show On Point in 2016 concerning his work following migrants through

1280-697: The Company of Scotland was backed by approximately 20% of all the money circulating in Scotland, its failure left the Scottish Lowlands in substantial financial ruin; in fact, English financial incentives are thought to have been a factor in persuading those in power to support the 1707 union with England . According to this argument, the Scottish establishment of landed aristocracy and mercantile elites considered that their best chance of being part of

1344-581: The Firth of Clyde with four ships: the Rising Sun , Hamilton , Hope of Boroughstonness and Company's Hope . Paterson had a total crew of 1,300 men. On November 30, 1699 they arrived safely at the port of Caledonia, but met greater resistance from Spanish forces; they were besieged, outnumbered and without external support. On March 28, 1700, they requested that the Spanish commander set conditions for surrender. The Constitution of Panama of 1972, amended by

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1408-560: The San Blas Islands . The trip across the Darién was by banana boat , piragua and foot via the Tuira river ( La Palma and El Real de Santa Maria), Río Chucunaque ( Yaviza ), Rio Tuquesa (Chaua's (General Choco Chief) Trading Post— Choco Indian village) and Serranía del Darién. In 1985, Project Raleigh, which evolved from Project Drake in 1984 and in 1989 became Raleigh International , sponsored an expedition which also crossed

1472-529: The arrival of European colonists , which likely decimated this population. In 1508, the Spanish Crown decided to colonize the mainland, the chosen area extending from Cabo Gracias a Dios in western Central America (in the present boundary between Nicaragua and Honduras) to Cabo de la Vela , Venezuela in the east. The provinces on the mainland were Nueva Andalucía , between the Atrato River in

1536-708: The 1970s and 1990s. As of 2024, there is no active plan to build a road through the Gap, although there is discussion of reestablishing a ferry service and building a rail link. Consequently, travel within and across Darién Gap is often conducted with small boats or traditional watercraft such as pirogues . Otherwise, hiking is the only remaining option, and it is strenuous and dangerous. Aside from natural threats such as deadly wildlife, tropical diseases, and frequent heavy rains and flash floods, law enforcement and medical support are nonexistent, resulting in rampant violent crime, and causing otherwise minor injuries to ultimately become fatal. Despite its perilous conditions, since

1600-494: The 2010s, the Darién Gap has become one of the heaviest migration routes in the world, with hundreds of thousands of migrants, primarily Haitians and Venezuelans, traversing north to the Mexico–United States border . In 2022, there were 250,000 crossings, compared to only 24,000 in 2019. In 2023, more than 520,000 passed through the gap, more than doubling the previous year's number of crossings. The Pan-American Highway

1664-633: The 231-kilometre (144 mi) Rio Chucunaque and the 230-km Tuira (the longest, most treacherous rivers in Panama). The hydrographic system in the province shows a minimum flow in March and April and a maximum in November. The use of water resources is largely limited to the provision of potable water to 15 towns. The lack of detailed information on topography and hydrometeorology makes it difficult to estimate hydropower potential, but possible candidates are

1728-652: The Bay of Darién, and make the Isle called the Golden Island ... some few leagues to the leeward of the mouth of the great River of Darién ... and there make a settlement on the mainland". After calling at Madeira and the West Indies , the fleet made landfall off the coast of Darién on 2 November. The settlers christened their new home "New Caledonia". The aim was for the colony to have an overland route that connected

1792-723: The Colombia Border with two Corvairs, the third having been abandoned in the jungle. A pair of Range Rovers was used on the British Trans-Americas Expedition in 1972 led by John Blashford-Snell , which is claimed to be the first vehicle-based expedition to traverse both American continents north to south through the Darién Gap. The Expedition crossed the Atrato Swamp in Colombia with the cars on special inflatable rafts that were carried in

1856-477: The Colombian border favor vallenato music. Common foods include guacho de mariscos (fish with coconut rice) and serendengue . Choca'o (stewed plantain) is a traditional drink. Women usually wear hand-sewn dresses, while men dress for business. Primary crops grown in the province are maize, rice, plantains, bananas, cassava, yams and beans. In the Gulf of San Miguel shrimp, fish and lobster are abundant;

1920-486: The Darién Gap from Panama to Colombia. In Panama City, Liska decided to fly his motorcycle ahead to Medellin, and proceed across the Gap by boat and on foot. He was later forced to abandon it in Punta Arenas when he was not able to clear it at a customs office, and was once again afoot. In 1961, a team of three 1961 Chevrolet Corvairs and several support vehicles departed from Panama. After 109 days, they reached

1984-420: The Darién Gap has been considered to be essentially impassable, the 21st century has seen thousands of migrants, primarily Haitian during the 2010s and Venezuelan during the 2020s, cross the Darién Gap to reach the United States . By 2021, the number was more than 130,000, and 2023 is on pace for 500,000 migrants for the now more organized 2 ½ day trek, which used to take a week. Of the 334,000 migrants that made

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2048-561: The Darién Gap on foot. The number of Chinese people crossing the Darién Gap increased with each passing month in 2023. In August 2024, journalist Caitlin Dickerson reported on immigration through the Darién Gap for The Atlantic . Several video teams have traveled with migrants and thus the conditions of the route have become better known. It is possible, although arduous, dangerous, and seriously rainy, to hike from Colombia to Panama. Corregimientos of Panama In Panama ,

2112-473: The Darién Gap. Journalists Nadja Drost and Bruno Federico were interviewed by Nick Schifrin about their work following migrants through the Darién Gap in mid-2019 and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic a year later, as part of a series on migration to the United States for PBS NewsHour . In 2023, people fleeing China travelled to Ecuador, then to Necoclí in Colombia, with the intention of crossing

2176-614: The Darién Gap: Darién National Park in Panama and Los Katíos National Park in Colombia. The Darién Gap forests had extensive cedrela and mahogany cover until many of these trees were removed by loggers. Darién National Park in Panama, the largest national park in Central America, covers roughly 5,790 km (2,240 sq mi) of land, and was established in 1980. The property includes

2240-407: The Darién coast to coast. Between the early 1980s and mid-1990s, Encounter Overland, a British adventure travel company, organized two- to three-week trekking trips through the Darién Gap from Panama to Colombia or vice versa. These trips used a combination of whatever transport was available: jeeps, bus, boats, and walking, with travelers carrying their own supplies. Complete overland crossings of

2304-634: The Darién rainforest on foot and riverboat (i.e., from the last road in Panama to the first road in Colombia) became more dangerous in the 1990s because of the Colombian conflict . The Colombian portion of the Darién rainforest in the Katios Park region eventually fell under control of armed groups. Furthermore, combatants from Colombia even entered Panama, occupied some Panamanian jungle villages and kidnapped or killed inhabitants and travelers. While

2368-642: The Darién was the Marsh Darién Expedition in 1924–25, supported by several major sponsors, including the Smithsonian Institution , the American Museum of Natural History and the government of Panama . The first vehicular crossing of the Gap was made by three Brazilians in two Ford Model T cars. They left Rio de Janeiro in 1928 and arrived in the United States in 1938. The expedition intended to bring attention for

2432-699: The Gulf of Uraba and the Cabo de la Vela in Venezuela and Castilla del Oro (or Veragua ), which stretched from the Atrato River to Cabo Gracias a Dios in Central America. The Governor of Nueva Andalucía was Alonso de Ojeda and the mayor of Castilla del Oro was Diego de Nicuesa , who became the first governor of the Isthmus of Panama. Diego de Nicuesa founded Nombre de Dios in 1510. Martín Fernández de Enciso founded Santa Maria la Antigua del Darién, west of

2496-594: The Gulf of Urabá, in September 1510 on the advice of Vasco Núñez de Balboa , who had arrived at those lands earlier with Rodrigo de Bastidas . On September 1, 1513, Balboa went in search of the South Sea with 190 Spaniards and 1,000 Indigenous people. He sighted the sea on September 25, 1513, and claimed it for the Spanish Crown on September 29 in the Gulf of San Miguel . During the late 17th century there

2560-920: The Gunas. In 1698, the Kingdom of Scotland tried to establish a settlement in a project known as the Darién scheme , intending to tame, occupy and administer the non-traversable land of the Darién Gap, and use it as a gateway to trade between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, as was later achieved successfully by the Panama Railroad and then the Panama Canal . The first expedition of five ships ( Saint Andrew , Caledonia , Unicorn , Dolphin and Endeavour ) set sail from Leith on 14 July 1698, with around 1,200 people on board. Their orders were "to proceed to

2624-635: The Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Since its inception, it has been said that the undertaking was beset by poor planning and provisioning, divided leadership, a poor choice of trade goods, devastating epidemics of disease, reported attempts by the East India Company to frustrate it, and a failure to anticipate the Spanish Empire's military response. It was finally abandoned in March 1700 after a siege and harbor blockade by Spanish forces. As

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2688-547: The Pan-American Highway. Planning began in 1971 with the help of American funding, but was halted in 1974 after concerns were raised by environmentalists. US support was further blocked by the US Department of Agriculture in 1978, from its desire to stop the spread of foot-and-mouth disease . Another effort to build the road began in 1992, but, by 1994 a United Nations agency reported that the road, and

2752-455: The Panamanian side, the road terminus, for many years in Chepo, Panama Province , is since 2010 in the town of Yaviza at 8°9′N 77°41′W  /  8.150°N 77.683°W  / 8.150; -77.683 . Many people, including local indigenous populations, groups and governments are opposed to completing the Darién portion of the highway. Reasons for opposition include protecting

2816-628: The Panamerican highway, after an International Conference in Chile, in 1923. The participants were Leonidas Borges de Oliveira, a lieutenant from Brazilian army, Francisco Lopez da Cruz from Brazilian air force, and Mário Fava, a young mechanic. They took what appears to be the last photo of Augusto Sandino , who received them in Nicaragua, and were received by Henry Ford and Franklin Roosevelt in

2880-465: The Pirre, Antad, Tuira, Chico and Yape Rivers. The province's population is small, dispersed and heterogeneous, located in small towns linked to waterways. Significant migration flows to and from the province have been recorded. In 1970 the population totaled 22,685, primarily mulattoes , black people, indigenous Colombian Chocoanos and settlers from other areas of Panama. Approximately 60 percent of

2944-652: The Reform Acts of 1978 and the Constitutional Act of 1983, has a unitary, republican, democratic and representative government. Three branches of government exist in all provinces of the Republic of Panama. Darién Province is divided into three districts and 26 corregimientos . The comarca indígena of Kuna de Wargandí , established in 2000, lies within Pinogana District and constitutes

3008-615: The United States. Another crossing was completed by the Land Rover La Cucaracha Cariñosa (The Affectionate Cockroach) and a Jeep of the Trans-Darién Expedition of 1959–60. They left Chepo, Panama , on 2 February 1960 and reached Quibdó , Colombia , on 17 June 1960, averaging 201 m (220 yd) per hour over 136 days. In December 1960, on a motorcycle trip from Alaska to Argentina , adventurer Danny Liska attempted to transit

3072-577: The Welsh pirate Henry Morgan crossed the Isthmus of Panama from the Caribbean side and destroyed the city ; the town was subsequently relocated a few kilometers to the west on a small peninsula. The ruins of the old town, Panamá Viejo , are preserved and were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Silver and gold from the viceroyalty of Peru was taken across the isthmus by Spanish Silver Train to Porto Bello , where Spanish treasure fleets shipped them to Seville and Cádiz from 1707. Lionel Wafer spent four years between 1680 and 1684 among

3136-424: The backs of the vehicles. However, they received substantial support from the British Army . The first fully overland wheeled crossing (others used boats for some sections) of the Gap was that of British cyclist Ian Hibell , who rode from Cape Horn to Alaska between 1971 and 1973. Hibell took the "direct" overland south-to-north route, including an overland crossing of the Atrato Swamp in Colombia. Ed Culberson

3200-444: The conquest, the Gunas arrived in South America as part of a Chibchan migration that moved east from Central America. At the time of the Spanish invasion, they were living in the region of Uraba, near the borders of what are now Antioquia and Caldas . The Guna themselves attribute their several migrations to conflicts with other chiefdoms, and their migration to nearby islands in particular to escape malarial mosquito populations on

3264-743: The inlet of Garachiné , with a marked dry period between January and April (a tropical savanna climate , Aw on the Köppen climate classification ). However, in the foothills and valleys of the province's interior precipitation can exceed 8,000 mm (310 in) per year with virtually no dry season (a tropical rainforest climate , Köppen Af ); this ranks the area among the rainiest regions on earth. The temperature varies, by altitude, between 17 and 35 °C (63 and 95 °F). The soil types and their suitability for use are primarily associated with topographic variations and geological-material generators. In Darién Province watersheds form extensive sedimentary waterways, pouring their waters into rivers such as

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3328-401: The mainland. Vasco Núñez de Balboa and Alonso de Ojeda explored the coast of Colombia in 1500 and 1501. They spent the most time in the Gulf of Urabá , where they made contact with the Gunas. The regional border was initially created in 1508 after royal decree to separate the colonial governorships of Castilla de Oro and Nueva Andalucía , using the River Atrato as the boundary between

3392-598: The only land bridge between North and South America, the Darién Gap has historically served as a major route for both humans and wildlife. The geography of the Darién Gap is highly diverse. The Colombian side is dominated primarily by the river delta of the Atrato River , which creates a flat marshland at least 80 km (50 mi) wide. The Tanela River, which flows toward Atrato, was Hispanicized to Darién by 16th Century European conquistadors. The Serranía del Baudó mountain range extends along Colombia's Pacific coast and into Panama. The Panamanian side, in stark contrast,

3456-433: The population is located in 523 towns of less than 500 inhabitants each. In 2000 the Census of Population and Housing indicated that the May population of Darién was 40,284 inhabitants living in 11,514 dwellings in 613 towns. Preliminary data from the XI National Census of Population and Housing VI show that as of May 16, 2010 Darién has a population of 46,951 inhabitants, of which 25,764 are men and 21,187 women. There were

3520-431: The province's land is suitable for intensive cultivation, 60 percent is suitable for pasture, permanent crops and forestry production and 25 percent is protected forest reserves. The dominant natural vegetation is forests which, according to the topographic elevation and rainfall patterns, are classified as tropical moist , subtropical moist and cloud forest . Rainfall reaches 1,700 to 2,000 mm (67 to 79 in) near

3584-431: The rainforest, containing the spread of tropical diseases , protecting the livelihood of indigenous peoples in the area, preventing drug trafficking and its associated violence, and preventing foot-and-mouth disease from entering North America. The extension of the highway as far as Yaviza resulted in severe deforestation alongside the highway route within a decade. Efforts were made for decades to fill this sole gap in

3648-494: The region and its communities took the same name. Santa María la Antigua del Darién , the first city founded in Tierra Firme , also took its name from the river. Subsequently, the region's boundaries were defined by the Gulf of Urabá . Darién Province has been inhabited by indigenous people for thousands of years. Evidence based on soil erosion suggests slash-and-burn agriculture at the latest 4000 years ago. Disappearance of paleobotanical evidence of this culture coincides with

3712-476: The rivers Chucunaque and Tuira and framed by steep areas of the highlands of San Blas, Bagre, Pirre, and the Saltos. Among the highest mountains in the province are Tacarcuna at 2,280 metres (7,480 ft), Piña at 1,581 metres (5,187 ft), Pirre at 1,569 metres (5,148 ft), Nique at 1,550 metres (5,090 ft), Chucantí at 1,430 metres (4,690 ft), Tanela at 1,415 metres (4,642 ft) and Upper Quia at 1,361 metres (4,465 ft). Eight percent of

3776-465: The road would bring about the potential erosion of their cultures by destroying their food sources. An alternative to the Darién Gap highway would be a river ferry service between Turbo or Necoclí, Colombia and one of several sites along Panama's Caribbean coast. Ferry services such as Crucero Express and Ferry Xpress operated to link the gap, but closed because the service was not profitable. As of 2023 , nothing has come of this idea. Another idea

3840-483: The subsequent development, would cause extensive environmental damage. Cited reasons include evidence that the Darién Gap has prevented the spread of diseased cattle into Central and North America, which have not seen foot-and-mouth disease since 1954, and, since at least the 1970s, this has been a substantial factor in preventing a road link through the Darién Gap. The Embera-Wounaan and Guna are among five tribes, comprising 8,000 people, who have expressed concern that

3904-443: The trek over the first eight months of 2023, 60% were Venezuelan, motivating the Biden administration to provide foreign assistance to help Panama deport migrants. The hike, which involves crossing rivers which flood frequently, is unpleasant, demanding, and dangerous, with rape and robbery common, and there are numerous fatalities. By 2013, the coastal route on the east side of the Darién Isthmus became relatively safe, by taking

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3968-402: The two governorships. Balboa heard of the "South Sea" from locals while sailing along the Caribbean coast. On 25 September 1513, he saw the Pacific. In 1519, the town of Panamá was founded near a small indigenous settlement on the Pacific coast. After the Spaniards entered what is now Peru, it developed into an important transshipment port as well as an administrative center . In 1671,

4032-620: Was a Scottish colonization project in the Isthmus of Panama (specifically in Darién), from which William Paterson emerged as the center of the unsuccessful attempt. The attempt to colonize by the Company of Scotland , which traded with Africa and the Indies, was part of the conflict between Spain and other 16th-century European powers in reaction to the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas . On July 14, 1698 Paterson left with an expedition of about 1,200 on five ships ( Saint Andrew , Caledonia , Unicorn , Dolphin and Endeavour ) from Leith , Scotland. The expedition landed October 30, 1698 in Anachucuna,

4096-453: Was the first one to follow the entire Pan-American highway including the Darién Gap proposed route on a motorcycle, a BMW R80G/S . In the 1990s, the gap was briefly joined by ferry service, provided by Crucero Express , until it ceased operations in 1997. A number of notable crossings have been made on foot. Sebastian Snow crossed the Gap with Wade Davis in 1975 as part of his unbroken walk from Tierra del Fuego to Costa Rica. The trip

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