109-578: The Great Plains Zoo is a 45-acre (18 ha) zoo located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota , United States. The zoo formerly was connected with the Delbridge Museum of Natural History, and prior to the closure of the museum, the museum displayed 150 mounted animals, including 38 "vanishing species". The Great Plains Zoo is owned and operated through a partnership between the City of Sioux Falls and
218-679: A humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa , bordering on Dwa ) characterized by hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. It is in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 5a. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 17.9 °F (−7.8 °C) in January to 74.4 °F (23.6 °C) in July; there are 15 days of maximums at or above 90 °F (32 °C) and 25 days with minimums at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) annually. Snowfall occurs mostly in light to moderate amounts during
327-629: A station -themed petting enclosure, and several species of Australian birds. As part of the zoo's current master plan, new lion , meerkat , and leopard exhibits are slated to open in the African Savannah area. The project will also include renovations to the Roar Café, the Great Plains Zoo's restaurant, providing expanded seating capacity for guests and climate-controlled views into animal exhibits. Zoo officials hope to bid on
436-468: A 2017 phylogenetic study revealed nine clades, including one representing polar bears. As of 2005 , 15 extant, or recently extinct, subspecies were recognized by the general scientific community. DNA analysis shows that, apart from recent, human-caused population fragmentation , brown bears in North America are generally part of a single interconnected population system, with the exception of
545-533: A crossbreeding of a brown bear with a polar bear . It has occurred both in captivity and in the wild. In 2006, the occurrence of this hybrid was confirmed by testing the DNA of a strange-looking bear that had been shot in the Canadian Arctic , and seven more hybrids have since been confirmed in the same region, all descended from a single female polar bear. Previously, the hybrid had been produced in zoos and
654-540: A few animal specimens housed for viewing in local parks from the 1880s through the 1930s, when the Sioux Falls Parks System assumed responsibility and placed additional animals permanently on display in Sherman Park. The Zoological Society of Sioux Falls was established in 1957, and helped develop the Great Plains Zoo, which opened its doors to the public on June 30, 1963. In the 1970s and 1980s,
763-408: A head-and-body length of 1.4 to 2.8 m (4 ft 7 in to 9 ft 2 in) and a shoulder height of 70 to 153 cm (28 to 60 in). The tail is relatively short, as in all bears, ranging from 6 to 22 cm (2.4 to 8.7 in) in length. The smallest brown bears, females during spring among barren-ground populations, can weigh so little as to roughly match the body mass of males of
872-510: A male householder with no wife present, and 39.3% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.02. The median age in the city was 33.6 years. 24.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.1% were from 45 to 64; and 10.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
981-536: A polar bear are quite different, being notably shorter but broader with a strong curve and sharper point. The species has large paws; the rear feet measure 21 to 36 cm (8.3 to 14.2 in) long, while the forefeet tend to measure 40% less. Brown bears are the only extant bears with a hump at the top of their shoulder, which is made entirely of muscle. This feature developed presumably to impart more force in digging, which helps during foraging and facilitates den construction prior to hibernation. Brown bears inhabit
1090-475: A popular venue for divorces until South Dakota changed its residency requirements in 1908. But prosperity eventually returned with the opening of the John Morrell meat packing plant in 1909, the establishment of an airbase and a military radio and communications training school in 1942, and the completion of the interstate highways in the early 1960s. Much of the growth in the first part of the 20th century
1199-643: A replica of the Michelangelo's David . Work was essential to the renovation of the original Washington High School into the Washington Pavilion (housing two performing arts, a visual arts, and a science center). The Northern Plains Indian Art Market (NPIAM) was established in 1988 by American Indian Services, Inc., of Sioux Falls as the Northern Plains Tribal Arts Show (NPTA). Northern Plains Tribal Arts dominated
SECTION 10
#17327718430741308-465: A successful male will mate with two females in a span of one to three weeks. The adult female brown bear is similarly promiscuous, mating with up to four, sometimes even eight, males while in heat and potentially mating with two in a single day. Females come into oestrus every three to four years, with an outside range of 2.4 to 5.7 years. The urine markings of a female in oestrus can attract several males via scent. Dominant males may try to sequester
1417-611: A temporary barricade of turf which they dubbed "Fort Sod", in response to native tribes attempting to defend their land from the settlers. Seventeen men then spent "the first winter" in Sioux Falls. The following year the population grew to near 40. Although conflicts in Minnehaha County between Native Americans and white settlers were few, the Dakota War of 1862 engulfed nearby southwestern Minnesota . The town
1526-431: A yellowish-brown or whitish collar across the neck, chest, and shoulders. Even within well-defined subspecies, individuals may show highly variable hues of brown. North American grizzlies can be from dark brown (almost black) to cream (almost white) or yellowish-brown and often have darker-colored legs. The common name "grizzly" stems from their typical coloration, with the hairs on their back usually being brownish-black at
1635-660: Is a large bear native to Eurasia and North America . Of the carnivorans , it is rivaled in size only by its closest relative, the polar bear , which is much less variable in size and slightly bigger on average. The brown bear is a sexually dimorphic species, as adult males are larger and more compactly built than females. The fur ranges in color from cream to reddish to dark brown. It has evolved large hump muscles, unique among bears, and paws up to 21 cm (8.3 in) wide and 36 cm (14 in) long, to effectively dig through dirt. Its teeth are similar to those of other bears and reflect its dietary plasticity . Throughout
1744-453: Is asserted by making a frontal orientation, showing off canine teeth, muzzle twisting, and neck stretching, to which a subordinate will respond with a lateral orientation, by turning away and dropping the head, and by sitting or lying down. During combat, bears use their paws to strike their opponents in the chest or shoulders and bite the head or neck. Several different facial expressions have been documented in brown bears. The "relaxed-face"
1853-525: Is from, as most accepted subtypes vary widely in size. This is in part due to sexual dimorphism , as male brown bears average at least 30% larger than females in most subtypes. Individual bears vary in size seasonally, weighing the least in spring due to lack of foraging during hibernation, and the most in late fall, after a period of hyperphagia to put on additional weight to prepare for hibernation. Brown bears generally weigh 80 to 600 kg (180 to 1,320 lb), with males outweighing females. They have
1962-404: Is harsher and is made continuously (approximately twice per second). Growls and roars are made when aggressive. Growling is "harsh" and " guttural " and can range from a simple grrr to a rumble. A rumbling growl can escalate to a roar when the bear is charging. Roaring is described as "thunderous" and can travel 2 km (1.2 mi). Mothers and cubs wanting physical contact will bawl, which
2071-564: Is heard as waugh!, waugh! . Brown bears usually inhabit vast home ranges; however, they are not highly territorial. Several adult bears roam freely over the same vicinity without contention, unless rights to a fertile female or food sources are being contested. Despite their lack of traditional territorial behavior, adult males seem to have a "personal zone" within which other bears are not tolerated if they are seen. Males always wander further than females, due to such behavior giving increasing access to both females and food sources. Females have
2180-416: Is made during everyday activities, a face where the ears pointed to the sides and the mouth closed or slackly open. During social play, bears make "relaxed open-mouth face" in which the mouth is open, with a curled upper lip and hanging lower lip, and the ears alert and shifting. When looking at another animal at a distance, the bear makes an "alert face" as the ears are cocked and alert, the eyes wide open with
2289-558: Is near the downtown area at Fawick Park. The Sioux Falls Canaries were known as the Sioux Falls Fighting Pheasants from 2010 to 2013. Sioux Falls has several multipurpose athletic stadiums: the primarily baseball Sioux Falls Stadium , indoor Sioux Falls Arena , indoor Sanford Pentagon , and indoor Denny Sanford Premier Center . Sioux Falls Stadium hosted the 2007 American Association of Independent Professional Baseball all-star game. Constructed in 2014,
SECTION 20
#17327718430742398-1036: Is one of eight extant species in the bear family Ursidae and of six extant species in the subfamily Ursinae . Giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) [REDACTED] Spectacled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ) [REDACTED] Sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus ) [REDACTED] Sun bear ( Helarctos malayanus ) [REDACTED] Asian black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ) [REDACTED] American black bear ( Ursus americanus ) [REDACTED] Polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) [REDACTED] Brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) [REDACTED] Giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) [REDACTED] Spectacled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ) [REDACTED] Sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus ) [REDACTED] Sun bear ( Helarctos malayanus ) [REDACTED] Asian black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ) [REDACTED] American black bear ( Ursus americanus ) [REDACTED] Polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) [REDACTED] Brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) [REDACTED] The brown bear
2507-518: Is smaller than the others, and is usually absent in adults. It is usually lost at an early age, leaving no trace of its alveolus in the jaw. The first three molars of the lower jaw are very weak, and are often lost at an early age. The teeth of brown bears reflect their dietary plasticity and are broadly similar to those of other bears. They are reliably larger than teeth of American black bears , but average smaller in molar length than those of polar bears . Brown bears have large, curved claws, with
2616-577: Is sometimes referred to as the bruin , from Middle English . This name originated in the fable History of Reynard the Fox , translated by William Caxton , from the Middle Dutch word bruun or bruyn , meaning "brown". In the mid-19th-century United States, the brown bear was given the nicknames "Old Ephraim" and "Moccasin Joe". The scientific name of the brown bear, Ursus arctos , comes from
2725-520: Is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota and the 121st-most populous city in the United States. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County to the south, which continues up to the Iowa state line. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census , and in 2022, its estimated population was 202,078. According to city officials,
2834-458: Is the city's third-largest employer. Downtown Sioux Falls hosts a SculptureWalk every summer and "First Fridays" on the first Friday of each summer month. The Downtown Riverfest brings live music, art, kids' activities and more in an annual festival that embraces the beauty of the Big Sioux. Festival of Bands is a regional competition that hosts over 40 marching bands each year from across
2943-648: Is thought to have evolved from the Etruscan bear ( Ursus etruscus ) in Asia during the early Pliocene . A genetic analysis indicated that the brown bear lineage diverged from the cave bear species-complex approximately 1.2–1.4 million years ago, but did not clarify if U. savini persisted as a paraspecies for the brown bear before perishing. The oldest brown bear fossils occur in Asia from about 500,000 to 300,000 years ago. They entered Europe 250,000 years ago and North Africa shortly after. Brown bear remains from
3052-474: Is water. The city is in extreme eastern South Dakota, about 15 miles (24 km) west of the Minnesota border. The Sioux Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of four South Dakota counties ( Lincoln , McCook , Minnehaha , and Turner ) and one Minnesota county ( Rock ). The estimated population of this MSA in 2022 was 289,592, an increase of 4.6% from the 2020 census. In addition to Sioux Falls,
3161-624: The 2004 presidential election , George W. Bush won both Minnehaha and Lincoln counties, receiving 56% and 65% of the vote, respectively. In 2008 , Barack Obama won Minnehaha County by 0.7%, while John McCain won Lincoln County by 15%. Both counties have voted for the Republican nominee in every presidential election since 2012. Sioux Falls is home to Augustana University , the University of Sioux Falls , Sioux Falls Seminary , Southeast Technical College, National American University ,
3270-530: The Eurasian brown bear and is believed to have a population of only about 50 bears. The brown bear is considered to be one of the most popular of the world's charismatic megafauna . It has been kept in zoos since ancient times, and has been tamed and trained to perform in circuses and other acts. For thousands of years, the brown bear has had a role in human culture , and is often featured in literature , art , folklore , and mythology . The brown bear
3379-551: The Last Glacial Maximum (>25,000 BP). Brown-bear fossils discovered in Ontario , Ohio , Kentucky , and Labrador show that the species occurred farther east than indicated in historic records. In North America, two types of the subspecies Ursus arctos horribilis are generally recognized—the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly bear. A grizzly–polar bear hybrid is a rare ursid hybrid resulting from
Great Plains Zoo - Misplaced Pages Continue
3488-644: The Pyrenees in 2010, in a range shared between Spain, France, and Andorra , and some 210 animals in Asturias , Cantabria , Galicia , and León , in the Picos de Europa and adjacent areas in 2013 ) in the west, to Russia in the east, and from Sweden and Finland in the north to Romania (5,000–6,000), Bulgaria (900–1,200), Slovakia (with about 600–800 animals), Slovenia (500–700 animals), and Greece (with Karamanlidis et al. 2015 estimating >450 animals) in
3597-841: The South Dakota School for the Deaf , the University of South Dakota's Sanford School of Medicine (Sioux Falls campus), Stewart School and the South Dakota Public Universities and Research Center (formerly known as USDSU ). The Sioux Falls School District , which covers the majority of Sioux Falls, serves over 23,000 students living in Sioux Falls and some of its surrounding suburbs. There are 25 elementary schools, seven middle schools, and six high schools, including: Brown Bear 15, see text and article The brown bear ( Ursus arctos )
3706-400: The census of 2020, there were 192,517 people and 86,565 households in the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 153,888 people, 61,707 households, and 37,462 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,109.2 inhabitants per square mile (814.4/km ). There were 66,283 housing units at an average density of 908.5 per square mile (350.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city
3815-501: The last ice age . The lure of the falls has been a powerful influence. Ho-Chunk , Ioway , Otoe , Missouria , Omaha (and Ponca at the time), Quapaw , Kansa , Osage , Arikara , Sioux , and Cheyenne people inhabited and settled the region previous to Europeans and European descendants. Numerous burial mounds still exist on the high bluffs near the river and are spread throughout the general vicinity. Indigenous people maintained an agricultural society with fortified villages, and
3924-538: The poverty line . Out of the total population, 16.8% of those under the age of 18 and 8.8% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Many European immigrants, primarily from Scandinavia, Germany and the British Isles, settled in South Dakota in the 19th century. By 1890, one-third of the residents of South Dakota were immigrants. Most Sioux Falls residents are Lutheran ; Catholics are
4033-500: The withers . The winter hairs are thin, yet rough to the touch. The summer fur is much shorter and sparser, with its length and density varying among geographic ranges. Adults have massive, heavily built, concave skulls, which are large in proportion to the body. The projections of the skull are well developed. Skull lengths of Russian brown bears tend to be 31.5 to 45.5 cm (12.4 to 17.9 in) for males, and 27.5 to 39.7 cm (10.8 to 15.6 in) for females. Brown bears have
4142-449: The "biting face" is similar to the "relaxed open-mouth face" except the ears are flattened and the eyes are wide enough to expose the sclera . Both the "jaw gape face" and the "biting face" are made when the bear is aggressive and can quickly switch between them. Brown bears also produce various vocalizations. Huffing occurs when the animal is tense, while woofing is made when alarmed. Both sounds are produced by exhalations, though huffing
4251-513: The $ 8 million project sometime in 2022, with construction taking 12 to 18 months. In 2021, Great Plains Zoo CEO Rebeka Dewitz indicated that the Black Bear exhibit, located adjacent to Fortress of the Bears, would receive a renovation as part of "improving aging infrastructure at the zoo." Sioux Falls, South Dakota Sioux Falls ( / ˌ s uː ˈ f ɔː l z / SOO FALZ )
4360-811: The 1940s and 1990s. Brown bears in Central Asia are primarily threatened by climate change . In response to this, conservationists plan on building wildlife corridors to promote easy access from one brown bear population to another. In Himalayan Nepal , farmers may kill brown bears in revenge for livestock predation. A 2014 study revealed that brown bears peaked in activity around the morning and early evening hours. Although activity can happen day or night, bears that live in locations where they are apt to interact with humans are more likely to be fully nocturnal. In areas with little interaction, many adult bears are primarily crepuscular , while yearlings and newly independent bears appear to be most active throughout
4469-612: The Asian Cat Habitat, Wild Dogs of America exhibit, the Australian Outback, Bear Canyon, and Galapagos Tortoise exhibit. By 2005 the zoo had several issues; crumbling infrastructure and financial strains left the zoo near closure. In 2005, the city appointed Elizabeth Whealy as CEO and President of the zoo in the hopes of its improvement. Whealy concluded that the zoo needed better animal care and better visitor hospitality, and decided to make some changes. In 2007,
Great Plains Zoo - Misplaced Pages Continue
4578-545: The Delbridge Museum were removed in 2023 due to health concerns of the high amounts of arsenic in the mounts. The USS South Dakota Battleship Memorial to the World War II battleship USS South Dakota is on State Highway 42 (West 12th Street) and Kiwanis Avenue. The 114th Fighter Wing is at Joe Foss Field and houses F-16C/D fighter aircraft. The SD ANG unit is known for its support of community activities and services. A replica of Michelangelo 's David
4687-608: The Denny Sanford Premier Center is home to the Summit League's men's and women's basketball tournaments. The Premier Center also hosted the 2016 Division I Women's Tournament Regional as well as the 2017 USHL/NHL Top Prospects Game. The city of Sioux Falls is led by a mayor–council (strong mayor) form of government. Mayoral elections occur every four years. City council seats are also contested every four years. Not all council members are elected in
4796-544: The Empire Mall, injuring one woman inside her home. Another touched down on the far south side in a suburban residential area, tearing the roofs off homes. The total damage was more than $ 5 million. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 73.47 square miles (190.29 km ), of which 72.96 square miles (188.97 km ) is land and 0.51 square miles (1.32 km )
4905-615: The IUCN. However, the California grizzly bear , Ungava brown bear , Atlas bear , and Mexican grizzly bear , as well as brown bear populations in the Pacific Northwest , were hunted to extinction in the 19th and early 20th centuries and many of the southern Asian subspecies are highly endangered. The Syrian brown bear ( U. a. syriacus ) is very rare and it has been extirpated from more than half of its historic range. One of
5014-609: The Japanese island of Hokkaidō , which holds the largest number of non-Russian brown bears in eastern Asia, with about 2,000–3,000 animals. While the brown bear's range has shrunk and it has faced local extinctions, it remains listed as a least-concern species by the IUCN , with a total population of approximately 200,000. As of 2012 , the brown bear and the American black bear are the only bear species not classified as threatened by
5123-707: The Latin ursus , meaning "bear", and the Greek ἄρκτος / arktos , also meaning "bear". Carl Linnaeus scientifically described the species under the name Ursus arctos in the 1758 edition of Systema Naturae . Brown bear taxonomy and subspecies classification has been described as "formidable and confusing", with few authorities listing the same set of subspecies. There are hundreds of obsolete brown-bear subspecies. As many as 90 subspecies have been proposed. A 2008 DNA analysis identified as few as five main clades , which comprise all extant brown bear species, while
5232-625: The Midwest. The Sioux Empire Spectacular is a Drum Corps regional competition. Party in the Park is an annual outdoor musical event held at Terrace Park. The Sioux Empire Fair is a regional fair held at the W. H. Lyon Fairgrounds, and the Sioux Falls JazzFest is hosted at Yankton Trail Park each year. SiouxperCon is an annual nonprofit fan convention that celebrates comic books, sci-fi, fantasy, anime, board games, and video gaming. In
5341-1151: The Museum of Visual Materials, the Interactive Water Fountain, Falls Park, Creative Spirits, Eastbank Art Gallery, Levitt at the Falls, and the Washington Pavilion, home to the South Dakota Symphony Orchestra, the occasional Poets & Painters show, and the Spotlight Theatre Collective (formerly known as the Dakota Academy of Performing Arts.) The Washington Pavilion contains the Kirby Science Discovery Center, as well as two performing arts centers that host several Broadway productions and operas. The South Dakota Symphony's home hosts dance groups as well as smaller theater and choral events. The Visual Arts Center, also part of
5450-610: The Pavilion complex, hosts six galleries of changing exhibits, all free of charge. The Wells Fargo Cinedome is a multi-format 60 ft (18 m) dome theater that plays several films each month. The Cinedome also hosts the Sweetman Planetarium which has at least one show played everyday. The Great Plains Zoo & Delbridge Museum provides the area with natural history and animal exhibits in its 50-acre (200,000 m ) park. The taxidermy animals once hosted within
5559-599: The Pleistocene period are common in the British Isles , where, amongst other factors, they may have contributed to the extinction of cave bears ( Ursus spelaeus ). Brown bears first emigrated to North America from Eurasia via Beringia during the Illinoian Glaciation . Genetic evidence suggests that several brown bear populations migrated into North America, aligning with the glacial cycles of
SECTION 50
#17327718430745668-496: The Pleistocene. The founding population of most North American brown bears arrived first, with the genetic lineage developing around ~177,000 BP . Genetic divergences suggest that brown bears first migrated south during MIS-5 (~92,000–83,000 BP), upon the opening of the ice-free corridor, After a local extinction in Beringia ~33,000 BP, two new but closely related lineages repopulated Alaska and northern Canada from Eurasia after
5777-663: The Sioux Falls City Council approved the Great Plains Zoo's plan. The zoo has since moved through many projects, including a renovation to the Asian Cat exhibit (2008), the Monkeys, Magic and More project (2013), among others totaling about $ 14 million in all. Since 2005, the zoo has doubled its animal collection (from 500 to 1,000+), rehabilitated its ponds, brought in traveling exhibits, and renovated old exhibits to house new animals. In 2020, Elizabeth A Whealy
5886-576: The Sioux Falls Writers Voice in local performance spaces, at the YMCA after-school program, and in local schools, gaining national attention. The Sioux Falls mayor's awards in literary arts designated movers and shakers during the growth and development of the literary arts scene. In addition to literary awards, there are mayor's awards in visual arts, performing arts, music, organizing in the arts, advocacy, and lifetime achievement, per
5995-496: The Sioux Falls art scene from its inception in 1988. American Indian Services produced the juried art show and market from 1988 to 2003. Since 2004, Sinte Gleca University of Rosebud has been the producing organization. In the first 25 years of its existence—one of the longest-running Indian art shows in the country—over 800 artists from 7 northern plains states and two Canadian provinces exhibited at NPTA/NPIAM. Writers for national publications, filmmakers, and researchers have all joined
6104-621: The United States to care for Snow monkeys. In 2018, the zoo renovated the Bear Canyon habitat, one of its oldest and most popular exhibits. This exhibit is Southeastern-Alaska themed, as that is where the largest concentration of Grizzly Bears in North America exists. In 2019, the zoo renovated several yards on its eastern and southeastern perimeter into an Australian-themed exhibit, providing renovated homes to Red and Eastern Grey Kangaroos , Bennett's Wallabies , and emus , and brings New Guinea singing dogs , Bactrian Camels , sheep in
6213-538: The Yukon and Northwest Territories , south through British Columbia , and through the western half of Alberta . The Alaskan population is estimated at a healthy 30,000 individuals. In the lower 48 states, they are repopulating slowly, but steadily along the Rockies and the western Great Plains. In Europe, in 2010, there were 14,000 brown bears in ten fragmented populations, from Spain (estimated at only 20–25 animals in
6322-712: The Zoological Society. The City of Sioux Falls owns the infrastructure, land, and all assets associated with the Zoo and Museum and maintains the grounds. The Zoological Society of Sioux Falls, a non-profit, operates the facility, manages the animal collection, and maintains the grounds within the exhibit. The mid-sized Great Plains Zoo was awarded the "Quarter Century Award" by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) in 2016, marking 25 years of continuous accreditation. South Dakota Senator Richard F. Pettigrew had
6431-718: The advantage of inhabiting smaller territories, which decreases the likelihood of encounters with male bears who may endanger their cubs. In areas where food is abundant, such as coastal Alaska, home ranges for females and males are up to 24 km (9.3 sq mi) and 89 km (34 sq mi), respectively. Similarly, in British Columbia , bears of the two sexes travel in relatively compact home ranges of 115 and 318 km (44 and 123 sq mi). In Yellowstone National Park , home ranges for females are up to 281 km (108 sq mi) and up to 874 km (337 sq mi) for males. In Romania ,
6540-548: The audiences over the years. A permanent Northern Plains Tribal Arts collection is housed in the Egger Gallery at the Washington Pavilion. Since the Washington Pavilion opened its doors to the public in 1999, the collection has called the Visual Arts Center home. Originally the pieces were on an extended loan from American Indian Services, Inc.; in 2013, thanks to many supporters, the works were acquired under
6649-406: The base and whitish-cream at the tips, giving them their distinctive "grizzled" color. Apart from the cinnamon subspecies of the American black bear ( U. americanus cinnamonum ), the brown bear is the only modern bear species to typically appear truly brown. The brown bear's winter fur is very thick and long, especially in northern subspecies, and can reach 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 in) at
SECTION 60
#17327718430746758-697: The bears of the Alexander Archipelago is unusual in that these island populations carry polar bear DNA, presumably originating from a population of polar bears that was left behind at the end of the Pleistocene , but have since been connected with adjacent mainland populations through the movement of males, to the point where their nuclear genomes indicate more than 90% brown bear ancestry. MtDNA analysis revealed that brown bears are apparently divided into five different clades, some of which coexist or co-occur in different regions. The brown bear
6867-470: The beginning of the 21st century, Sioux Falls experienced a renaissance of cultural interest. The Sioux Empire Arts Council continues to lead in the Sioux Falls area arts scene and gives out Mayor's Awards each year in several categories for excellence demonstrated by Sioux Falls residents. The Sioux Falls SculptureWalk was the first visual evidence of the renaissance and is an attraction for both visitors and resident artists, hosting over 55 sculptures including
6976-546: The broadest range of habitats of any living bear species. They seem to have no altitudinal preferences and have been recorded from sea level to an elevation of 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in the Himalayas . In most of their range, brown bears seem to prefer semi-open country, with a scattering of vegetation, that can allow them a resting spot during the day. However, they have been recorded as inhabiting every variety of northern temperate forest known to occur. This species
7085-434: The broadest skull of any extant ursine bear. The width of the zygomatic arches in males is 17.5 to 27.7 cm (6.9 to 10.9 in), and 14.7 to 24.7 cm (5.8 to 9.7 in) in females. Brown bears have strong jaws: the incisors and canine teeth are large, with the lower canines being strongly curved. The first three molars of the upper jaw are underdeveloped and single-crowned with one root. The second upper molar
7194-611: The brown bear's range has shrunk, and it has faced local extinctions across its wide range, it remains listed as a least concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with a total estimated population in 2017 of 110,000. Populations that were hunted to extinction in the 19th and 20th centuries are the Atlas bear of North Africa and the Californian , Ungavan and Mexican populations of
7303-521: The brown bear's range, it inhabits mainly forested habitats in elevations of up to 5,000 m (16,000 ft). It is omnivorous , and consumes a variety of plant and animal species. Contrary to popular belief, the brown bear derives 90% of its diet from plants. When hunting, it will target animals as small as insects and rodents to those as large as moose or muskoxen . In parts of coastal Alaska , brown bears predominantly feed on spawning salmon that come near shore to lay their eggs. For most of
7412-512: The city was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. In 2015, the median household income in Minnehaha County, SD was $ 59,884, while Lincoln County, SD was $ 76,094. This represents a 0.29% growth from the previous year. The median family income for Sioux Falls was $ 74,632 in 2015. Males had a median income of $ 40,187 versus $ 31,517 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 26,392. 11.8% of the population and 8.5% of families were below
7521-424: The close of the decade. The growth transformed the city. A severe plague of grasshoppers and a national depression halted the boom by the early 1890s. The city grew by only 89 people from 1890 to 1900. In the 1890s Sioux Falls became a destination for women seeking divorce due to having some of the nation's most permissive divorce laws and being accessible by rail. It was known as the "Divorce Colony" and remained
7630-523: The coastal populations weigh about twice as much. The average weight of adult male bears, from 19 populations, was found to be 217 kg (478 lb) while adult females from 24 populations were found to average 152 kg (335 lb). Brown bears are often not fully brown. They have long, thick fur, with a moderately elongated mane at the back of the neck which varies somewhat across bear types. In India, brown bears can be reddish with silver-tipped hairs, while in China brown bears are bicolored, with
7739-437: The day. From summer through autumn, a brown bear can double its weight from what it was in the spring, gaining up to 180 kg (400 lb) of fat, on which it relies to make it through winter, when it becomes lethargic. Although they are not full hibernators and can be woken easily, both sexes prefer to den in a protected spot during the winter months. Hibernation dens may be located at any spot that provides cover from
7848-946: The elements and that can accommodate their bodies, such as a cave, crevice, cavernous tree roots, or hollow logs. Brown bears have one of the largest brains of any extant carnivoran relative to their body size and have been shown to engage in tool use, which requires advanced cognitive abilities. This species is mostly solitary, although bears may gather in large numbers at major food sources (e.g., open garbage dumps or rivers containing spawning salmon ) and form social hierarchies based on age and size. Adult male bears are particularly aggressive and are avoided by adolescent and subadult males, both at concentrated feeding opportunities and chance encounters. Females with cubs rival adult males in aggression and are much more intolerant of other bears than single females. Young adolescent males tend to be least aggressive and have been observed in nonantagonistic interactions with each other. Dominance between bears
7957-491: The estimated population had grown to 213,891 as of early 2024. The Sioux Falls metro area accounts for more than 30% of the state's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River , the city is situated in the rolling hills at the junction of interstates 29 and 90 . The history of Sioux Falls revolves around the cascades of the Big Sioux River . The falls were created about 14,000 years ago during
8066-850: The falls in December 1832. Captain James Allen led a military expedition out of Fort Des Moines in 1844. Jacob Ferris described the Falls in his 1856 book "The States and Territories of the Great West". Two separate groups, the Dakota Land Company of St. Paul and the Western Town Company of Dubuque, Iowa organized in 1856 to claim the land around the falls, considered a promising townsite for its beauty and water power. Each laid out 320-acre (1.3 km ) claims, but worked together for mutual protection. They built
8175-515: The following years. The population grew to 593 by 1873, and a building boom was underway in that year. The Village of Sioux Falls, consisting of 1,200 acres (4.9 km ), was incorporated in 1876 and was granted a city charter by the Dakota Territorial legislature on March 3, 1883. The arrival of the railroads ushered in the great Dakota Boom decade of the 1880s. The population of Sioux Falls mushroomed from 2,164 in 1880 to 10,167 at
8284-483: The former Children's Zoo was rebuilt into the Hy-Vee Face-to-Face Farm. This area features rare breeds of livestock, including San Clemente Island goats , African Pygmy goats , Nigerian Dwarf goats , Alpacas , Jacob's sheep and several breeds of Chicken . The Great Plains Zoo created a new exhibit for a pair of Eastern black rhinoceros in 2010. It provides a habitat and breeding facility for
8393-511: The front ones being larger than the back. They may reach 5 to 6 cm (2.0 to 2.4 in) and measure 7 to 10 cm (2.8 to 3.9 in) along the curve. Compared with the American black bear ( Ursus americanus ), the brown bear has longer and stronger claws, with a blunt curve. Due to their claw structure, in addition to their excessive weight, adult brown bears are not able to climb trees as well as black bears. In rare cases adult female brown bears have been seen scaling trees. The claws of
8502-463: The grizzly bear of North America. Many of the populations in the southern parts of Eurasia are highly endangered as well. One of the smaller-bodied forms, the Himalayan brown bear , is critically endangered: it occupies only 2% of its former range and is threatened by uncontrolled poaching for its body parts. The Marsican brown bear of central Italy is one of several currently isolated populations of
8611-556: The largest are primarily threatened by overhunting . The use of land for agriculture may negatively effect brown bears. Additionally, roads and railway tracks could pose a serious threat, as oncoming vehicles may collide with crossing animals. Poaching has been cited as another mortality factor. In one instance, a 3-year-long survey in the Russian Far East detected the illegal shipping of brown bear gallbladders to Southeast Asian countries. The purpose and motive behind
8720-443: The largest employers in the city are: Partially due to the lack of a state corporate income tax, Sioux Falls is home to a number of financial companies. The largest employers among these are Wells Fargo and Citigroup . While no longer as economically dominant as it once was, the manufacturing and food processing sector remains an important component of Sioux Falls' economy. The Smithfield Foods/John Morrell meatpacking plant
8829-472: The largest home range was recorded for adult males (3,143 km ; 1,214 sq mi). In the central Arctic of Canada, where food sources are quite scarce, home ranges range up to 2,434 km (940 sq mi) for females and 8,171 km (3,155 sq mi) for males. The mating season occurs from mid-May to early July, shifting to later in the year the farther north the bears are found. Being serially monogamous , brown bears remain with
8938-442: The later arrivals rebuilt on many of the same sites that were previously settled. Lakota populate urban and reservation communities in the contemporary state and many Lakota, Dakota, and numerous other Indigenous Americans reside in Sioux Falls today. French voyagers/explorers visited the area in the early 18th century. The first documented visit by an American of European descent was by Philander Prescott , who camped overnight at
9047-476: The mayor's discretion. The Sioux Falls Jazz and Blues Festival is a three-day outdoor musical event featuring two stages and is free to the public. It is held the third weekend in July at Yankton Trail Park. The Sioux Falls Jazz & Blues Society hosts national musicians during its annual concert series. Each year the series includes approximately five concerts with acts from all over the world. JazzFest, with over 125,000 in annual attendance, has expanded over
9156-411: The metropolitan area includes Canton , Brandon , Dell Rapids , Tea , Harrisburg , Worthing , Beresford , Lennox , Hartford , Crooks , Baltic , Montrose , Salem , Renner, Rowena, Chancellor, Colton, Humboldt, Parker, Hurley, Garretson , Sherman, Corson, Viborg, Irene, Centerville, Luverne , Hills , and Beaver Creek . Due to its inland location and relatively high latitude, Sioux Falls has
9265-482: The mouth is closed or only open slightly. The "tense closed mouth face" is made with the ears laid back and the mouth closed, and occurs when the bear feels threatened. When approached by another individual, the animal makes a "puckered-lip face" with a protruding upper lip and ears that go from cocked and alert when at a certain distance to laid back when closer or when retreating. The "jaw gape face" consists of an open mouth with visible lower canines and hanging lips while
9374-424: The past quarter-century. Others point out that Citibank's relocation was only part of a more general transformation of the city's economy from an industrially based one to an economy centered on health care, finance, and retail trade. Sioux Falls has grown at a rapid pace since the late 1970s, with the city's population more than doubling from 81,182 in 1980 to 192,517 in 2020. On the night of September 10, 2019 ,
9483-632: The population (or subspecies) in the Kodiak Archipelago , which has probably been isolated since the end of the last Ice Age . These data demonstrate that U. a. gyas , U. a. horribilis , U. a. sitkensis , and U. a. stikeenensis are not distinct or cohesive groups, and would more accurately be described as ecotypes . For example, brown bears in any particular region of the Alaska coast are more closely related to adjacent grizzly bears than to distant populations of brown bears. The history of
9592-399: The same issue, Sioux Falls residents voted on November 15 by the vote 2,714 in favor and 450 against. In 1981, to take advantage of recently relaxed state usury laws, Citibank relocated its primary credit card center from New York City to Sioux Falls. Some claim that this event was the primary impetus for the increased population and job growth rates that Sioux Falls has experienced over
9701-414: The same mate for a couple of days to a couple of weeks. Outside of this narrow time frame, adult male and female brown bears show no sexual interest in each other. Females mature sexually between the ages of four and eight. Males first mate about a year later, when they are large and strong enough to compete with other males for mating rights. Males will try to mate with as many females as they can; usually
9810-409: The same year, as the elections are staggered throughout even-numbered years. The council consists of five members elected to represent specific sections of the city and three additional seats that represent the city as a whole (that is, at-large ). The council member position is designed to be part-time. Sioux Falls operates under a home rule charter as permitted by the South Dakota constitution. In
9919-485: The second-largest group. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America is the largest Lutheran denomination in the city, with 20 churches in Sioux Falls. As of 2008, there was one mosque in Sioux Falls for approximately 3,000 Muslims. Sioux Falls also has the only Hindu temple in South Dakota, Hindu Temple of Siouxland, located in its suburb of Tea, SD . According to the city's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,
10028-418: The smallest living bear species, the sun bear ( Helarctos malayanus ), while the largest coastal populations attain sizes broadly similar to those of the largest living bear species, the polar bear . Brown bears of the interior are generally smaller, being around the same weight as an average lion , at an average of 180 kg (400 lb) in males and 135 kg (298 lb) in females, whereas adults of
10137-400: The smallest-bodied subspecies, the Himalayan brown bear ( U. a. isabellinus ), is critically endangered: it occupies only 2% of its former range and is threatened by uncontrolled poaching for its body parts. The Marsican brown bear in central Italy is believed to have a population of just 50 bears. The smallest populations are most vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation , whereas
10246-536: The south side of Sioux Falls was hit by three strong EF2 tornadoes, severely damaging at least 37 buildings, including the Plaza 41 Shopping Center. One tornado hit the Avera Heart Hospital, damaging portions of the roof and windows, and causing seven injuries, including a man who fractured his skull as he was thrown into an exterior wall of the hospital. Another tornado hit the busy commercial district near
10355-733: The south. In Asia, brown bears are found primarily throughout Russia, thence more spottily southwest to parts of the Middle East, including the Eastern Black Sea Region , Turkey which has 5,432 individuals of brown bear, to as far south as southwestern Iran , and to the southeast in Northeast China. Brown bears are also found in Western China , Kyrgyzstan , North Korea , Pakistan , Afghanistan , and India . A population of brown bears can be found on
10464-723: The title of the Augustana Tribal Arts Collection, and now officially belong to the Visual Arts Center. As the 21st century began, poetry and literary events became more popular with the opening of the Sioux Empire Arts Council Horse Barn Gallery and due to a National Endowment for the Arts-supported Y Writer's Voice. The Y Writer's Voice included an annual reading series of 38 nationally known poets and writers, who performed works and youth workshops through
10573-505: The trade is unknown. An action plan in 2000 aimed to conserve brown bears in Europe by mitigating human–wildlife conflict , educating farm owners as to sustainable practices, and preserving and expanding remaining forests. Compensation was given to people who suffered losses of livestock , food supplies, or shelter. Growing bear populations were recorded in some countries, such as Sweden, where an increase of 1.5% per annum occurred between
10682-435: The winter, totaling 45.3 inches (115 cm). Precipitation, at 27.85 inches (707 mm) annually, is concentrated in the warmer months. This results in frequent thunderstorms in summer from convection being built up with the unstable weather patterns. Extremes range from −42 °F (−41 °C) on February 9, 1899 to 110 °F (43 °C) as recently as June 21, 1988. See or edit raw graph data . As of
10791-501: The year, it is a usually solitary animal that associates only when mating or raising cubs. Females give birth to an average of one to three cubs that remain with their mother for 1.5 to 4.5 years. It is a long-lived animal, with an average lifespan of 25 years in the wild. Relative to its body size, the brown bear has an exceptionally large brain. This large brain allows for high cognitive abilities, such as tool use . Attacks on humans , though widely reported, are generally rare. While
10900-824: The years to include the Jazziest Diversity Project, the All-City Jazz Ensemble, the Concert Series, and JazzFest Jazz Camp. 2016 was the festival's 25th anniversary year. In 2019, Levitt at the Falls launched its first season of free concerts in a state-of-the-art outdoor amphitheater in Falls Park West. Downtown Sioux Falls boasts Ipso Gallery. the Orpheum Theater, SculptureWalk, The Premiere Playhouse, The Good Night Theatre Collective, Sioux Falls State Theater,
11009-571: The zoo added a Children's Zoo, the Black-footed Penguin Rookery, Birds of Prey aviary, a Primate Complex, and a 10-acre (4.0 ha) North American Plains Exhibit. The Delbridge Museum of Natural History was added to the zoo in 1984 through the donation of more than 150 mounted animals from the CJ Delbridge family collection. In the 1990s, the zoo renovated several of the aging facilities, and added new habitats including
11118-569: The zoo's rhinos. Komati permanently transferred to Disney's Animal Kingdom in 2023. In 2013, the zoo opened a Japanese Macaque exhibit with a renovation of the zoo's entrance, educational facilities and Chilean Flamingo exhibit. The Snow monkey exhibit features 180-degree views from covered shelters, and two water features that the Macaques have access to. In 2015, the Great Plains Zoo received Top-Honors in exhibit design for their Japanese Macaque exhibit. The zoo is, as of 2015, one of 13 zoos in
11227-426: Was 86.8% White, 4.2% African American, 2.7% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.0% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.4% of the population. There were 61,707 households, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had
11336-468: Was considered a " cryptid " (a hypothesized animal for which there is no scientific proof of existence in the wild). Analyses of the genomes of bears have shown that introgression between species was widespread during the evolution of the genus Ursus , including the introgression of polar-bear DNA introduced to brown bears during the Pleistocene. The brown bear is the most variable in size of modern bears. The typical size depends upon which population it
11445-522: Was evacuated in August of that year when two local settlers were killed as a result of the conflict. The settlers and soldiers stationed here traveled to Yankton in late August 1862. The abandoned townsite was pillaged and burned. Fort Dakota, a military reservation established in present-day downtown, was established in May 1865. Many former settlers gradually returned and a new wave of settlers arrived in
11554-592: Was fueled by agriculturally based industry, such as the Morrell plant and the nearby stockyards (one of the largest in the nation). In 1955 the city decided to consolidate the neighboring incorporated city of South Sioux Falls . At the time South Sioux Falls had a population of nearly 1,600 inhabitants, according to the 1950 census. It was the third largest city in the county after Sioux Falls and Dell Rapids. By October 18, 1955, South Sioux Falls residents voted 704 in favor and 227 against to consolidate with Sioux Falls. On
11663-585: Was once native to Europe, much of Asia, the Atlas Mountains of Africa, and North America, but are now extirpated in some areas, and their populations have greatly decreased in other areas. There are approximately 200,000 brown bears left in the world. The largest populations are in Russia with 130,000, the United States with 32,500, and Canada with around 25,000. Brown bears live in Alaska , east through
11772-505: Was permanently closed in August 2023 due to detectable levels of harmful chemicals in the museum originating from its taxidermy collections. The collections are set to be deaccessioned and disposed. In late June 2024, this zoo introduced a new African lion exhibit to the public featuring Detroit Zoo 's male lion, Simba and National Zoological Park's lioness, Amahle. The Asian Cat exhibit was renovated in 2008 and includes panoramic views of Amur Tigers , Snow Leopards . Pallas Cats In 2009,
11881-408: Was removed from her position due to reported working conditions, a bullying management style, and continual turnover under her direction. 'Whealy's departure comes weeks after city officials and the zoological society's board received an anonymous letter alleging Whealy had created a hostile work environment for zoo staff and used a "bullying management style.'" The Delbridge Museum of Natural History
#73926