138-551: The Demak Sultanate ( کسلطانن دمق ) was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java 's north coast in Indonesia , at the site of the present-day city of Demak . A port fief to the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in the last quarter of the 15th century, it was influenced by Islam brought by Muslim traders from China , Gujarat , Arabia and also Islamic kingdoms in
276-583: A Camat. They are further divided again into 107 kelurahan ( urban villages ). They are listed below with their areas, their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, and the latest official estimates (as at mid 2023). The table also includes the numbers of kelurahan (urban villages) in each district, and its postal codes. Note: (a) Two additional districts - Ilir Timur Tiga (East Ilir III) and Jakabaring - were established in 2017 by splitting from Ilir Timur Dua (East Ilir II) and Seberang Ulu Satu (Upper Seberang I) districts respectively; their populations at
414-722: A Buddhist kingdom that ruled much of the western Indonesian Archipelago and controlled many maritime trade routes, including the Strait of Malacca . Palembang was incorporated into the Dutch East Indies in 1825 after the abolition of the Palembang Sultanate . It was chartered as a city on 1 April 1906. Palembang was the host city of the 2011 Southeast Asian Games and the 2018 Asian Games along with Jakarta . The first light rail system in Indonesia
552-561: A Chinese princess who resided in the Majapahit palace. She was supposedly given away when unknowingly pregnant with the king's child to be betrothed to the regent of the vassal state of Palembang . There Raden Patah was born in 1448 with the name Raden Hasan. After coming of age, he went to Ampel Denta in Java (now Surabaya) to learn from Sunan Ampel, a prominent ulama. Sunan Ampel betrothed him to his daughter, Nyai Ageng Malaka. Subsequently, in
690-589: A deeper philosophical meanings. Several philosophical idioms sprung from Javanese classical literature, Javanese historical texts and oral traditions, and have spread into several media and promoted as popular mottos . For example, " Bhinneka Tunggal Ika " , used as the national motto of the Republic of Indonesia , "Gemah Ripah Loh Jinawi, Toto Tentrem Kerto Raharjo" , "Jer Basuki Mawa Bea" , "Rawe-Rawe rantas, Malang-Malang putung" and " Tut Wuri Handayani " . American anthropologist Clifford Geertz divided in
828-511: A dozen burned cars, and several injured people inflicted by rioters as students marching to the Provincial People's Representative Council office of South Sumatra. Thousands of police and soldiers were put on guard at various points in the city. The Volunteer Team for Humanity (Indonesian: Tim Relawan untuk Manusia , or TRUK) reported that cases of sexual assault also took place. A sports complex, including Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium ,
966-698: A foothold on the northern coast of Java. Demak's origins are uncertain although it was apparently founded in the last quarter of the 15th century by a Muslim known as Raden Patah (from the Arabic name Fatah, also called "Pate Rodin" in Portuguese records, and "Jin Bun" in Chinese records). There is evidence that he had Chinese ancestry and perhaps was named Cek Ko-po. According to tradition, Sunan Ampel ordered Raden Patah to establish an Islamic learning center in
1104-488: A land which was later named Palimbang by them. Palembang also has a special Chinese character rendition like several cities in Indonesia. In modern Chinese, Palembang is written as Jùgǎng ( Chinese : 巨港 ; lit. 'giant port'). 巨 here is a sound-borrowing at Hokkien. Palembang is called Kū-káng ( 舊港 ) in Hokkien, meaning "Old Port"; 巨 is read as kū in certain dominant dialects of Hokkien and
1242-476: A leading trading center in Java. According to Tomé Pires , Demak had more inhabitants than any other port in Sunda or Java, and was the primary exporter of rice to Malacca . Demak's prominence grew with that of Malacca, and was also enhanced by Raden Patah's claim of direct descent from Majapahit royalty and his marriage ties with neighboring city-states. Before the emergence of Demak, the northern coast of Java
1380-459: A major Japanese attack was anticipated, and the Allied air units had withdrawn from southern Sumatra by the evening of 16 February 1942. Other personnel were evacuated via Oosthaven (now Bandar Lampung) by ships to Java or India. The Japanese managed to restore production at both main refineries, and these petroleum products were significant in their war effort. Despite Allied air raids, production
1518-702: A millennium. The kingdom flourished by controlling the international trade through the Strait of Malacca from the seventh to thirteenth century, establishing hegemony over polities in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. Sanskrit inscriptions and Chinese travelogues report that the kingdom prospered as an intermediary in the international trade between China and India. Because of the Monsoon , or biannual seasonal wind, after getting to Srivijaya, traders from China or India had to stay there for several months waiting
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#17327830409131656-520: A prince who had lived at the Sailendra court in Java, brought Javanese art and culture, including the concept of the devaraja , to Cambodia, laying the foundations for Khmer civilization. The centre of Javanese culture and politics was moved towards the eastern part of the island when Mpu Sindok (r. 929–947) moved the capital of the kingdoms eastward to the valleys of the Brantas River in
1794-530: A significant genetic admixture of Austroasiatic and Austronesian ancestries. Hindu and Buddhist influences arrived through trade contacts with the Indian subcontinent . Hindu and Buddhist — traders and visitors, arrived in the 5th century. The Hindu, Buddhist and Javanese faiths blended into a unique local philosophy. The cradle of Javanese culture is commonly described as being in Kedu and Kewu Plain in
1932-573: A small minority identifying as Christians and Hindus . With a large global population, the Javanese are considered significant as they are the largest Muslim ethnic group in the Far East and the fourth largest in the world after the Arabs , Bengalis , and Punjabis . Javanese civilisation has been influenced by more than a millennium of interactions between the native animism Kejawen and
2070-669: A solar system based on the Hindu calendar . Unlike many other calendars, the Javanese calendar uses a 5-day week known as the Pasaran cycle. This is still in use today and is superimposed with 7-day week of the Gregorian calendar and Islamic calendar to become what is known as the 35-day Wetonan cycle . Throughout their long history, the Javanese have produced many important buildings, ranging from Hindu monuments, Buddhist stupa , mortuary temples, palace complexes, and mosques. Before
2208-471: A status as a city and has its own local government and legislative body. The executive head of Palembang is the Mayor. The mayor and members of representatives are locally elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The city government enjoys greater decentralization of affairs than the provincial body, such as the provision of public schools, public health facilities and public transportation. Current Mayor of
2346-511: A thousand Buddhist monks and learned scholars, sponsored by the kingdom to study religion in Palembang. He also recorded that there were many "states" under the kingdom called Srivijaya (Shili Foshi). In 990, an army from the Kingdom of Mataram in Java attacked Srivijaya. Palembang was sacked and the palace was looted. Cudamani Warmadewa , however, requested protection from China. By 1006,
2484-476: A traditional Javanese name. Religion of Javanese Today, most Javanese officially follow Sunni Islam as their religion, first recorded instance of Islamic contact in Java is dated from 475 Hijri (1082 AD), as attested in the grave of Fatimah binti Maimun. However Islamic development only became more intensive during the Majapahit period, when they traded or made tributary relations with various states like Perlak and Samudra Pasai in modern-day Aceh . In
2622-447: Is tempeh , a meat substitute made from soybean fermented with mould . It is a staple source of protein in Java and popular around the world as a meat substitute for vegetarians . Javanese do not usually have family names or surnames, with only a single name. Javanese names may come from traditional Javanese languages, many of which are derived from Sanskrit . Names with the prefix Su- , which means good , are very popular. After
2760-427: Is a rice served in the shape of a conical volcano , usually with rice coloured yellow using turmeric . It is an important part of many ceremonies in Java. Tumpeng is served at landmark events such as birthdays, moving house, or other ceremonies. Traditionally, Tumpeng is served alongside fried chicken, boiled egg, vegetables, and goat meat on a round plate made from bamboo called besek . A notable food in Java
2898-477: Is a wetland. Some say that the name was given by four brothers who survived a shipwreck near Musi River during the Majapahit reign. It is said that on their way to a new colony in eastern Sumatra when their ship was wrecked, all belongings in the ship sunk into the sea except a broken wooden box which the survivor used as rafts. The rafts were wobbled ( limbang-limbang ) by the waves until they drifted ashore to
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#17327830409133036-707: Is also reinforced through adherence to Javanese adat (traditional rules) in ceremonies, such as Slametan , Satu Suro , Javanese weddings and Naloni Mitoni . However, the culture of pesisiran of Javanese north coast and in Eastern Java demonstrates some slightly different traits. They tend to be more open to new and foreign ideas, more egalitarian, and less conscious of one's social stature. Some of these northern settlements — such as Demak , Kudus, Tuban, Gresik and Ampel in Surabaya — have become more overtly Islamic, traditionally because these port towns are among
3174-413: Is considered a dialect of Malay with a significant portion being Javanese loanwords. The natives originating from other parts of South Sumatra have their own regional languages, such as Komering , Besemah , Rawas and Semendo . Chinese languages are also largely used by local Chinese communities. Palembang officially recognizes six religious faiths, of which the most widely held is Islam. According to
3312-630: Is considered a traditional food in Surabaya in East Java . Gudeg is a traditional food from Yogyakarta and Central Java which is made from young Nangka ( jack fruit ) boiled for several hours with palm sugar , and coconut milk . Pecel , a type of peanut sauce with chili is a common ingredient in Javanese cuisine. It is used in various types of Rujak and Gado-gado . It can also be used as stand-alone sauce with rice, prawns, eggs and vegetables as Nasi Pecel (Pecel rice). Tumpeng ,
3450-601: Is due to the long history of Hindu and Buddhist influences in Java. Many Javanese in Indonesia are bilingual , being fluent in Indonesian (the standardized variant of the Malay language ) and Javanese. The Javanese language was formerly written with a script descended from the Brahmi script , natively known as Hanacaraka or Carakan . In addition, Javanese language can also written with right-to-left script descended from
3588-580: Is influenced by tidal cycle . In rainy season, many areas on the city are inundated by the river's tide. Palembang's topography is quite different between the Seberang Ilir and Seberang Ulu areas. Seberang Ulu's topography is relatively flat. Seberang Ilir's topography is more rugged with altitude variation between 4 and 20 metres (13 and 66 feet ). Palembang is located in the tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen Af ) zone with significant rainfall even in its driest months. The climate in Palembang
3726-402: Is often described as a "hot, humid climate with a lot of rainfall throughout the year". The annual average temperature is around 27.3 °C (81.1 °F). Within this tropical climate, except for precipitation and monsoonal wind direction, the city experiences no other seasonal change throughout the year. Average rainfall annually is 2,623 millimetres or 103 inches. During its wettest months,
3864-468: Is said that during antiquity, the ruler ordered gold and diamond miners to pan their ores in the city for security and surveillance reasons. Others say that the name comes from the word lembang in Malay. By adding the same prefix, the city's name means "a place where the water leaks". It also means "a place which was constantly inundated by water". It refers to the geographical features of Palembang, which
4002-511: Is seen as a symbol of development and prosperity, whereas tuber vegetables like cassava are associated with poverty. Javanese cuisine varies by region. Eastern Java has a preference for hot and salty foods, while the Central Javanese tend to prefer sweeter foods. A famous food in Javanese cuisine is Rujak Cingur , marinated cow lips and noses served with vegetable, shrimp prawn and peanut sauce with chili . Rujak Cingur
4140-509: Is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra . The city proper covers 352.51 square kilometres (136.10 square miles ) on both banks of the Musi River in the eastern lowlands of southern Sumatra . It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,772,492 (comprising 887,101 males and 885,391 females). Palembang is the second most populous city in Sumatra, after Medan , and
4278-477: Is the official calendar of Indonesia, while the Islamic calendar is used by Muslims and Indonesian government for religious worship and deciding relevant Islamic holidays . The Javanese calendar is presently used mostly for cultural events (such as Siji Suro ). The Javanese calendar system is currently a lunar calendar adopted by Sultan Agung in 1633, based on the Islamic calendar. Previously, Javanese people used
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4416-476: Is used instead of the more typically Muslim dome . These roofs are often multi-tiered and tiled. In addition to not using domes, traditional Javanese mosques also often lack minarets . The split gate from earlier Hindu-Buddhist period is still used in many mosques and public buildings in Java. Some notable examples of mosques using traditional Javanese architecture include the Agung Demak Mosque ,
4554-775: The Arabic script called Pegon . Upon Indonesian independence it was replaced with a form of the Latin alphabet . While Javanese was not made an official language of Indonesia, it has the status of regional language for communication in the Javanese-majority regions. The language also can be viewed as an ethnic language because it is one of the defining characteristics of the Javanese ethnic identity. Javanese intellectuals, writers, poets and men of letters are known for their ability to formulate ideas and creating idioms for high cultural purpose, through stringing words to express
4692-566: The Demak Great Mosque was built in Demak and still stands today, it is widely believed to be the oldest still-existing mosque in Indonesia. The surrounding maqam (tombs) of Wali saints and Demak sultans here continue to draw ziyarat pilgrimage among Muslims in the region. Later Javanese Babads provide varying accounts of the origins and expansion of Demak, but all describe it as the direct successor of Majapahit , not mentioning
4830-466: The Demak Sultanate fell under Kingdom of Pajang , a Demak nobleman, Geding Suro with his followers fled to Palembang and established a new dynasty. It is from this period, that Islam became the dominant religion in Palembang. The Sultanate of Palembang was proclaimed in 1659. The Grand Mosque of Palembang was built in 1738 under the reign of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I Jaya Wikrama, and
4968-534: The Javanese term delemak , which means "watery soil" or "swamp". According to Hamka , it derived from the Arabic term dimak , which means "tears", to imply the hardship endured during the struggle to establish Islam in Java. According to another historian, Sutjipto Wiryosuparto, it derived from a term in the Kawi language that means "heirloom" or "gift". During the reign of Wikramawardhana of Majapahit , during
5106-603: The Kingdom of Sunda . Sunda Kelapa was later renamed Jayakarta . From these territories he created the Sultanate of Banten as a vassal state under Hasanudin , son of Gunungjati, whom he also gave his sister's hand in marriage, creating a new dynasty. He appointed his daughter Ratna Kencana (popularly known as Ratu Kalinyamat ) and her husband Sultan Hadlirin to rule Kalinyamat and Jepara. He also appointed Jaka Tingkir as Adipati (Duke) of Pajang and gave another daughter's hand in marriage to Jaka Tingkir. Trenggana oversaw
5244-755: The Majapahit Kingdom (14th to 16th century AD) in Trowulan , East Java . The complex covers an area of 11 km x 9 km. It consists of various brick buildings, a canal ranging from 20 to 40 meters wide, purification pools, temples and iconic split gates. The capital complex is currently being considered as a candidate for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Traditional Javanese buildings can be identified by their trapezoid shaped roofs supported by wooden pillars. Another common feature in Javanese buildings are pendopo , pavilions with open-sides and four large pillars. The pillars and other parts of
5382-626: The Menara Kudus Mosque and the Great Mosque of Banten . The Kudus Mosque is also of note because it incorporates Hindu-style stone architecture. Rice is the staple crop of Javanese cuisine; a meal in Java is not considered a meal without it. It is also an important part of the Javanese cultural identity, differentiating them from residents of other Indonesian islands who eat sago (for example Moluccans ) and expatriates from western countries who tend more towards bread . Rice
5520-516: The Napoleonic Wars in 1812, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II repudiated British claims to suzerainty. The British responded by mounting a military expedition that captured Palembang and deposed the sultan. His younger brother, the pro-British Najamudinn, was installed onto the throne instead. The Dutch colonial government attempted to recover their influence at the court in 1816, but Sultan Najamuddin
5658-476: The Netherlands . The Javanese ethnic group has many sub-groups (based on native Javanese community on the island of Java) that can be distinguished based on their characteristics, customs, traditions, dialects, or even their respective ways of life. These include Banyumasan , Cirebonese , Mataram , Osing , and Tenggerese . The majority of the Javanese people identify themselves as Sunni Muslims , with
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5796-613: The Sudarma Wisuta war took place, when Ranawijaya's army under general Udara (who later became vice-regent) breached Trowulan defences and killed Kertabumi in his palace. Demak sent reinforcements under Sunan Ngudung, who later died in battle and was replaced by Sunan Kudus , but they came too late to save Kertabumi, although they managed to repel the Ranawijaya army. This event is mentioned in Trailokyapuri (Jiwu) and
5934-589: The Surya Majapahit , an eight-pointed sun, while modifying it to remove Hindu associations. This modified symbol can be seen as decoration inside the Grand Mosque of Demak . As the first Islamic polity in Java, Demak has a venerated status among Indonesian Muslims . It is traditionally linked with the legendary Wali Songo , the nine Muslim ulama who proselytized Islam among the then strongly Hindu-Buddhist population of Java. As an early Islamic polity,
6072-648: The Yogyakarta Special Region . The Sri sultan became Governor of Yogyakarta, and the Prince of Pakualaman became vice-governor; both were responsible to the President of Indonesia. The Special Region of Yogyakarta was created after the war of independence ended and formalized on 3 August 1950. Surakarta was later absorbed as part of the Central Java province. The Javanese culture is one of
6210-455: The twelfth most populous city in Indonesia . The Palembang metropolitan area has an estimated population of more than 2.7 million in 2023. It comprises the city and parts of regencies surrounding the city, including Banyuasin Regency (11 administrative districts), Ogan Ilir Regency (7 districts), and Ogan Komering Ilir Regency (4 districts). Palembang was the capital of Srivijaya ,
6348-446: The 10th century CE. The move was most likely caused by the volcanic eruption of Merapi and/or invasion from Srivijaya . At the end of the 13th century, The major spread of Javanese influence occurred under King Kertanegara of Singhasari . The expansionist king launched several major expeditions to Madura, Bali in 1284, Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and most importantly to Sumatra in 1275. He also extended Javanese involvement in
6486-608: The 1470s, Sunan Ampel sent him to establish a new settlement in Glagah Wangi, Central Java. Through Sunan Ampel's recommendation, Raden Hasan was appointed as the regent of Glagah Wangi by King Kertabhumi of Majapahit, with the title Adipati Bintara. Dates for the end of the Majapahit Empire range from 1478, traditionally described in the sinengkalan or chandrasengkala ( chronogram ) Sirna ilang kertaning bhumi and corresponding to 1400 Saka ,) to 1517. In 1478
6624-479: The 1960s the Javanese community into three aliran or "streams": santri , abangan and priyayi . According to him, the Santri followed an orthodox interpretation Islam , the abangan followed a syncretic form of Islam that mixed Hindu and animist elements (often termed Kejawen ), and the priyayi were the nobility. The Geertz opinion is often opposed today because he mixed the social groups with belief groups. It
6762-649: The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Chutai , Imperial Japanese Army Air Force (IJAAF), dropped Teishin Shudan (Raiding Group) paratroopers over Pangkalan Benteng airfield. At the same time Mitsubishi Ki-21 bombers from the 98th Sentai dropped supplies for paratroopers. The formation was escorted by a large force of Nakajima Ki-43 fighters from the 59th and 64th Sentai . As many as 180 men from the Japanese 2nd Parachute Regiment, under Colonel Seiichi Kume, dropped between Palembang and Pangkalan Benteng, and more than 90 men came down west of
6900-461: The 2010 Census are included in the figures given for the districts from which they were cut out. Note the affixes can be translated as: "Satu" = "One"; "Dua" = "Two"; "Tiga" = "Three"; "Timur" = "East"; "Barat" = "West"; "Ilir" = "Lower" (or "Downriver"); "Ulu" - "Upper" (or "Upriver"). Palembang is an ethnically diverse city. The indigenous population in the region of Palembang are Palembang people . Many of them live in traditional settlements along
7038-462: The 2017 data from Badan Pusat Statistik Palembang, the population of Palembang was 92.22% Muslim, 3.91% Buddhist , 2.23% Protestant , 1.49% Roman Catholic , 0.13% Hindu , and 0.02% Confucianist. Muslims in Palembang are mainly from the Shafi`i school of Sunni Islam . There are several mosques with considerable heritage and historical significance, chiefly the Great Mosque of Palembang , which
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#17327830409137176-505: The 2018 Asian Games. The city's main toll road commenced operation in October 2017. At 2°59′10″S 104°45′20″E / 2.98611°S 104.75556°E / -2.98611; 104.75556 , Palembang occupies 400.61 km of vast lowland area east of Bukit Barisan Mountains in southern Sumatra with average elevation of 8 metres (26 feet), approximately 105 kilometres (65 miles) from nearby coast at Bangka Strait . One of
7314-548: The Demak Sultanate ended with the foundation of the short-lived Kingdom of Pajang . The following is a version of the royal house of Demak. The relations between various members of this house are assumed mostly from Javanese traditions, oral or written in babads or other forms of writings . Demak derived its income from trade, importing spices and exporting rice to Malacca and the Maluku Islands . It
7452-654: The Dutch after an urban battle with Republicans on 1–5 January 1947, which is nicknamed Pertempuran Lima Hari Lima Malam (Five Days and Nights Battle). The battle ended with a ceasefire and the Republican forces retreated as far as 20 kilometres (12 miles) from Palembang. During the occupation, the Dutch formed the federal state of South Sumatra in September 1948. After the transfer of sovereignty on 27 December 1949, South Sumatra State, along with other federal states and
7590-402: The Glagah Wangi village in coastal Central Java. Soon the village grew to become the center for dawah activities among distinguished Islamic proselytizers, traditionally known as Wali Songo or "the nine saints". At that time Glagah Wangi was a small fiefdom belonging to Majapahit . It was the only Majapahit fiefdom with a Muslim ruler. Then the name was changed to Demak, and it grew further by
7728-515: The Indian Hindu — Buddhist culture, and this influence is still visible in Javanese history, culture, traditions, and art forms. The ancient Javanese kingdoms of Singhasari and Majapahit were among the most powerful maritime empires in the region, whose boundaries included most of Maritime Southeast Asia and parts of Indochina . Javanese heritage has created magnificent religious monuments such as Borobudur and Prambanan which are among
7866-657: The Javanese cultural heartland; those of highly polished aristocratic culture of the keratons in Yogyakarta and Surakarta — demonstrates some specific traits, such as particular concern with elegance and refinement (Javanese: alus ), subtlety, politeness, courtesy, indirectness, emotional restraint and consciousness to one's social stature. Javanese culture values harmony and social order highly, and abhors direct conflicts and disagreements. These Javanese values are often promoted through Javanese cultural expressions, such as Javanese dance , gamelan , wayang and batik . It
8004-567: The Javanese diaspora live there. Like most Indonesian ethnic groups, including the Sundanese of West Java , the Javanese are of Austronesian origins whose ancestors are thought to have originated in Taiwan , and migrated through the Philippines to reach Java between 1,500 BC and 1,000 BC. However, according to recent genetic study, Javanese together with Sundanese and Balinese has
8142-469: The Javanese realm was marked by the establishment of the Mangkunegaran and Pakualaman princedom. Although the real political power in those days actually lay with the colonial Dutch, the Javanese kings, in their keratons , still held prestige as the supposed power centre of the Javanese realm, especially in and around Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Dutch rule was briefly interrupted by British rule in
8280-1009: The Musi River bank, although there has been a recent efflux of Palembang people to the outer suburbs. Many people of other ethnicities from other parts of South Sumatra and beyond also live in Palembang. There are also significant Javanese , Minangkabau , Arab , Indian and Chinese communities who are inhabitants of Palembang. Arab Indonesian communities mainly live in several villages such as Kampong Al Munawwar in 13 Ulu, Kampong Assegaf in 16 Ulu, Kampong Al Habsyi in Kuto Batu, Kampong Jamalullail in 19 Ilir and Kampong Alawiyyin in Sungai Bayas, 10 Ilir. Conversely, Chinese Indonesian communities mainly live in commercial districts in Palembang although there are several traditional Chinese villages like Kampong Kapitan in 7 Ulu. And Indian in 18 Ilir. The local language of Palembang, Musi (Baso Plembang),
8418-561: The North" (the Java Sea to the Malay peninsula). Pati Unus died childless, leading to the Demak succession crisis. The throne was contested between his brothers, the older Raden Kikin and the younger Raden Trenggana . According to tradition, the eldest son of Prince Trenggana, Prince Prawata, also known as Raden Mukmin, stole Keris Setan Kober , a powerful magical kris , from Sunan Kudus and used it to assassinate his uncle Raden Kikin by
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#17327830409138556-501: The Petak inscription, where Ranawijaya claimed that he already defeated Kertabhumi and reunited Majapahit as one kingdom. Ranawijaya ruled from 1474 to 1498 with the formal name Girindrawardhana, with Udara as his vice-regent. This event led to war between Demak and Daha , since Demak rulers were descendants of Kertabhumi. In response to the collapse of Kertabhumi of Trowulan and the rise of Girindrawardhana of Daha in 1478, Demak decided it
8694-429: The Portuguese for a number of reasons, the main one being opposition to Portuguese insistence on a monopoly of the spice trade. The Portuguese repelled both attacks, and the destruction of so many ships proved devastating to the Javanese ports, whose trading activity subsequently greatly declined. Pati Unus was killed in the 1521 expedition, and was later remembered as Pangeran Sabrang Lor or "the Prince who crossed to
8832-545: The Republic formed a short-lived United States of Indonesia before the states were abolished and integrated back into the form of Republic on 17 August 1950. During PRRI / Permesta rebellion, the rebel faction established Dewan Garuda (Garuda Council) in South Sumatra on 15 January 1957 under Lieutenant Colonel Barlian took over the local government of South Sumatra. In April 1962, Indonesian government started
8970-461: The Sultanate. The Dutch East India Company established a trade post in Palembang in 1619. In 1642, the company obtained monopoly over the ports pepper trade. Tensions mounted between the Dutch and locals, peaking in 1657 when a Dutch ship was attacked in Palembang. This provided opportunity for the company to launch a punitive expedition in 1659, in which the city was burnt to the ground. During
9108-415: The Troloyo/Tralaya cemetery of Trowulan (the capital of Majapahit), there are several Muslim tombstones with dates from the 14th century (1368 AD, 1376 AD). The close proximity of the site with the kraton means there were Muslim people in close relation with the court. Palembang Palembang ( Indonesian pronunciation: [paˈlɛmbaŋ] , Palembang : Pelémbang , Jawi : ڤليمبڠ )
9246-408: The United Kingdom, and due to its oil refineries, Palembang was a high priority objective for Japanese forces. With the area's fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered potential as a military base area, to both the Allies and the Japanese. The main battle occurred during 13–16 February 1942. While the Allied planes were attacking Japanese shipping on 13 February, Kawasaki Ki-56 transport planes of
9384-467: The advent of Islam, many Javanese began to use Arabic names, especially coast populations, where Islamic influences are stronger. Commoners usually only have one-word names, while nobilities use two-or-more-word names, but rarely a surname. Some people use a patronymic . Due to the influence of other cultures, many people started using names from other languages, mainly European languages . Christian Javanese usually use Latin baptism names followed by
9522-428: The allied forces of the Portuguese and the Sunda Kingdom , establishing in the process the Sultanate of Banten . Demak was succeeded by the Kingdom of Pajang and finally the Sultanate of Mataram . The centre of power moved from coastal Demak, to Pajang in Blora, and later further inland to Mataram lands in Kotagede , near present-day Yogyakarta . The Mataram Sultanate reached its peak of power and influence during
9660-444: The art of Wayang kulit shadow play. The migration of Javanese people westward has created a coastal Javanese culture in West Java distinct from the inland Sundanese culture . Javanese is a member of the Austronesian family of languages and is closely related to, but distinct from, other languages of Indonesia . It is notable for its great number of nearly ubiquitous Sanskrit loans, found especially in literary Javanese. This
9798-412: The buildings can be richly carved . This architecture style can be found at kraton , or palaces, of the Sultanates of Yogyakarta (palaces of Hamengkubuwono and Pakualaman ) and Surakarta (palaces of Pakubuwono and Mangkunegaran ). Traditional mosques in Java maintain a distinctive Javanese style. The pendopo model is used as the main feature of mosques as prayer halls. A trapezoidal roof
9936-598: The central and eastern part of the Indonesian island of Java . With more than 100 million people, Javanese people are the largest ethnic group in both Indonesia and in Southeast Asia as a whole. Their native language is Javanese , it is the largest of the Austronesian languages in number of native speakers and also the largest regional language in Southeast Asia. As the largest ethnic group in
10074-545: The city is Harnojoyo , previous vice mayor who is appointed because the previous mayor, Romi Herton was impeached because of a bribery scandal during his election. Besides Mayor and Vice Mayor, there is the Palembang City Regional House of Representatives , which is a legislative body of 50 council members directly elected by the people in legislative elections every five years. Palembang consists of eighteen kecamatan (districts), each headed by
10212-420: The city's lowlands are frequently inundated by torrential rains. However, in its driest months, many peatlands around the city dried, making them more vulnerable to wildfires , causing prolonged haze in the city. Due to the city's very low latitude, the typhoon risk of the city is nearly absent. Palembang is roughly divided by Musi River into two major areas known as Seberang Ilir (lit. "downstream bank") in
10350-708: The construction of Ampera Bridge which was completed and officially opened for public on 30 September 1965 by Minister/Commander of the Army Lieutenant General Ahmad Yani on 30 September 1965, only hours before he was killed by troops belonging to the 30 September Movement . At first, the bridge was known as the Bung Karno Bridge, after the president, but following his fall, it was renamed the Ampera Bridge. A second bridge in Palembang which crosses Musi River, Musi II Bridge
10488-417: The direction of the wind changes, or had to go back to China or India. Thus, Srivijaya grew to be the biggest international trade centre, and not only the market, but also infrastructures for traders such as lodging and entertainment also developed. It functioned as a cultural centre as well. Yijing , a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who stayed in today's Palembang and Jambi in 671, recorded that there were more than
10626-548: The earliest places that Islamic teachings gained foothold in Java. Javanese culture is traditionally centered in the Central Java , Yogyakarta and East Java . Due to various migrations, it can also be found in other parts of the world, such as Suriname (where 15% of the population are of Javanese descent), the broader Indonesian archipelago region, Cape Malay , Malaysia , Singapore , Netherlands and other countries. The migrants bring with them various aspect of Javanese cultures such as Gamelan music, traditional dances and
10764-585: The early 19th century. While short, the British administration led by Stamford Raffles was significant, and included the re-discovery of Borobudur . Conflict with foreign rule was exemplified by the Java War between 1825 and 1830, and the leadership of Prince Diponegoro . Like the rest of the Dutch East Indies , Java was captured by the Empire of Japan during World War II . With Japan's defeat, independence
10902-593: The early 20th century, the development of the petroleum and rubber industries in Palembang Residency drove the city's economic growth. This saw a growth in migrants, an increase in urbanisation , and development of the socioeconomic infrastructure. Palembang became the most populous urban centre outside Java. An oil embargo had been imposed on Japan by the United States, the Netherlands, and
11040-436: The establishment of a madrasa Islamic school and pesantren boarding school. The foundation of Demak is traditionally attributed to Raden Patah (r. 1475–1518), a Javanese noble related to Majapahit royalty. At least one account stated that he was the son of Kertabhumi, who reigned as king Brawijaya V of Majapahit (1468–1478). According to tradition, Raden Patah was the son of Majapahit King Kertabhumi with his concubine,
11178-516: The fertile slopes of Mount Merapi as the heart of the Mataram Kingdom . The earliest Sanjaya and Sailendra dynasties had their power base there. Between the late 8th century and the mid-9th century, the kingdom saw the blossoming of classical Javanese art and architecture reflected in the rapid growth of temple construction . The most notable of the temples constructed are Kalasan , Sewu , Borobudur and Prambanan . The Java valley
11316-663: The fierce battle that ensued, the Ming soldiers and Ming superior armada finally destroyed the pirate fleet and killed 5,000 of its men. Chen was captured and held for public execution in Nanjing in 1407. Peace was finally restored to the Strait of Malacca as Shi Jinqing was installed as Palembang's new ruler and incorporated into what would become a far-flung system of allies who acknowledged Ming supremacy in return for diplomatic recognition, military protection, and trading rights. After
11454-506: The first ruler of the Mataram dynasty, to kill Penangsang. In 1568, after Penangsang was killed, Hadiwijaya assumed the role of sovereign. However, instead of ruling from Demak, he moved all of Demak's regalia , heirlooms, and sacred artifacts to Pajang. He appointed Prawata's son Sunan Pangiri as adipati of Demak. The relationship between the two states was now reversed: Pajang became the suzerain kingdom, while Demak became its vassal. Thus
11592-527: The greatest extent of Majapahit, making it one of the most influential empires in Indonesian and Southeast Asian history. Various kingdoms of Java were actively involved in the spice trade in the sea route of the Silk Road . Although not major spice producers, these kingdoms were able to stockpile spice by trading for it with rice , of which Java was a major producer. Majapahit is usually regarded as
11730-649: The greatest of these kingdoms. It was both an agrarian and a maritime power, combining wet-rice cultivation and foreign trade. The ruin of their capital can be found in Trowulan . Islam gained its foothold in port towns on Java's northern coast such as Gresik , Ampel Denta ( Surabaya ), Tuban, Demak and Kudus . The spread and proselytising of Islam among the Javanese was traditionally credited to Wali Songo . Java underwent major changes as Islam spread. Following succession disputes and civil wars, Majapahit power collapsed. After this collapse, its various dependencies and vassals broke free. The Sultanate of Demak became
11868-587: The help of invading Mongol troops in March 1293. Raden Wijaya would later establish Majapahit near the delta of the Brantas River in modern-day Mojokerto , East Java . Kertanegara policies were later continued by the Majapahits under King Hayam Wuruk and his minister Gajah Mada , whose reign from 1350 to 1389 was marked by conquests that extended throughout Southeast Asia. This expansion marked
12006-456: The infidel Portuguese. He became a renowned general of Demak. Tradition has it that Trenggana was much impressed by Fatahillah's imposing figure and charisma and his knowledge of Islam, and gave him his daughter, the widow of Pati Unus, as his wife. After learning of the 1522 Portuguese-Sunda alliance , in 1527 the Sultan ordered Fatahillah to capture the ports of Banten and Sunda Kelapa from
12144-471: The inscription is believed to be Mukha Upang, a district of Palembang. According to George Coedes , "in the second half of the 9th century Java and Sumatra were united under the rule of a Sailendra reigning in Java...its centre at Palembang." As the capital of the Srivijaya kingdom, this second oldest city in Southeast Asia has been an important trading centre in maritime Southeast Asia for more than
12282-495: The invasion was finally repelled. In retaliation, Srivijaya king sent his troops to assist King Wurawari of Luaram in his revolt against Mataram. In subsequent battles, Mataram Palace was destroyed and the royal family of Mataram executed. In 1068, King Virarajendra Chola of the Chola Dynasty of India conquered what is now Kedah from Srivijaya. Having lost many soldiers in the war and with its coffers almost empty due to
12420-467: The largest rivers in Sumatra, the Musi River, runs through the city, dividing the city area into two major parts which are Seberang Ilir in the north (comprising 13 of the 18 city districts) and Seberang Ulu in the south (comprising Seberang Ulu Satu, Kertapati, Jakabaring, Seberang Ulu Dua and Plaju Districts). Palembang is also located on the confluence of two major tributaries of Musi River, which are Ogan River and Komering River . The river's water level
12558-579: The legitimate successor of Majapahit, since Raden Patah claimed direct descent from King Kertabhumi, who had died during the Girindrawardana invasion of Trowulan in 1478. Raden Patah died soon after this victory, also in 1518. Raden Patah was succeeded by his brother-in-law Pati Unus or Adipati Yunus (r. 1518–1521), referred to by Tomé Pires in Suma Oriental as "Pate Onus" or "Pate Unus", brother in-law of "Pate Rodim". Before ascending
12696-413: The line of the eldest male son of the Demak dynasty. On the other hand, Sunan Kalijaga proposed Hadiwijaya, popularly known as Joko Tingkir, who was the adipati of Pajang and also a son in-law of Trenggana. Mukmin (r. 1546–1549) ascended the throne as the fourth Sultan of Demak. However, with the help of his teacher Sunan Kudus, Arya Penangsang of Jipang sent an assassin to kill Prawata and his wife using
12834-473: The lucrative spice trade with the Maluku Islands . Following the defeat of the Melayu Kingdom in eastern Sumatra, Singhasari controlled trade in the Strait of Malacca . Singhasari dominance was cut short in 1292 by Kediri's rebellion under Jayakatwang , killing Kertanegara. However, Jayakatwang's reign as king of Java soon ended as he was defeated by Kertanegara's son-in-law, Raden Wijaya with
12972-508: The massive eruption of Mount Merapi in 1006 AD. Two important religious monuments are the Hindu temple of Prambanan and the Buddhist temple of Borobudur . Both of them are 9th century temples and UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Both are located near Yogyakarta in the slope of Mount Merapi. Meanwhile, examples of secular buildings can be seen in the ruins of the former capital city of
13110-470: The new strongest power, gaining supremacy among city-states on the northern coast of Java. Aside from its power over Javanese city-states, it also gained overlordship of the ports of Jambi and Palembang in eastern Sumatra. Demak played a major role in opposing the newly arrived colonial power, the Portuguese . Demak twice attacked the Portuguese following their capture of Malacca . They also attacked
13248-515: The north and Seberang Ulu (lit. "upstream bank") in the south. Seberang Ilir is the main economic and political centre in Palembang and contained a prominent portion of the city's highrises. Seberang Ulu is undergoing massive development, especially in Jakabaring, with the construction of business centre, government building, and the most notably is the construction of the city's sport complex, Jakabaring Sport City . Palembang administratively has
13386-647: The northern coast of Java such as Semarang , Jepara , Tuban , and Gresik . The supremacy of Raden Patah was expressed by Tomé Pires in Suma Oriental : "[S]hould de Albuquerque make peace with the Lord of Demak, all of Java will almost be forced to make peace with him... The Lord of Demak stood for all of Java". Apart from Javanese city-states, Raden Patah also gained overlordship of the ports of Jambi and Palembang in eastern Sumatra, which produced commodities such as lign-aloes and gold . As most of its power
13524-402: The oldest civilizations and has flourished in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. It has gradually absorbed various elements and influences from other cultures, including native reverence for ancestral and natural spirits, Buddhist and Hindu dharmic values, Islamic civilization, and to a lesser extent, Christianity, Western philosophy and modern ideas. Nevertheless, Javanese culture — especially in
13662-501: The period from 1405 to 1433, a series of Ming armadas naval expeditions led by Zheng He , a Muslim Chinese admiral, arrived in Java. This Chinese expedition supported the establishment of the Muslim state of Malacca in the first half of the 15th century, later assisted by the establishment of Muslim Chinese, Arab and Malay communities in northern ports of Java such as Semarang , Demak , Tuban , and Ampel ; thus Islam began to gain
13800-402: The possibility that by the time of its final conquest, Majapahit no longer ruled the area. The first "Sultan" of Demak, Raden Patah, is portrayed as the son of Majapahit's last king by a Chinese princess who was exiled from the court before Patah's birth; according to tradition, she first served as a concubine to Kertabhumi (Brawijaya V) in Trowulan , and when already pregnant with the king's son,
13938-688: The refineries at Plaju. Although the Japanese paratroopers failed to capture the Pangkalan Benteng airfield, they managed to gain undamaged possession of the Plaju oil refinery. However, the second oil refinery in Sungai Gerong was demolished by the Allies. A counter-attack by Landstorm troops and anti-aircraft gunners from Prabumulih managed to retake the complex but took heavy losses. The planned demolition failed to do any serious damage to
14076-473: The refinery, but the oil stores were set ablaze. Two hours after the first drop, another 60 Japanese paratroopers were dropped near Pangkalan Benteng airfield. As the Japanese landing force approached Sumatra, the remaining Allied aircraft attacked it, and the Japanese transport ship Otawa Maru was sunk. Hurricanes flew up the rivers, machine-gunning Japanese landing craft. However, on the afternoon of 15 February, all Allied aircraft were ordered to Java, where
14214-407: The region, such as Samudra Pasai , Malacca and Bani (Muslim) Champa . The sultanate was the first Muslim state in Java, and once dominated most of the northern coast of Java and southern Sumatra . Although it lasted only a little more than a century, the sultanate played an important role in the establishment of Islam in Indonesia , especially on Java and neighboring areas. The origin of Demak
14352-425: The region, the Javanese have historically dominated the social, political, and cultural landscape of both Indonesia and Southeast Asia. There are significant numbers of Javanese diaspora outside of central and eastern Java regions, including the other provinces of Indonesia , as well as other countries such as Suriname , Singapore , Malaysia , Egypt , Saudi Arabia , South Africa , Sri Lanka , Yemen and
14490-693: The reign of Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo between 1613 and 1645. In 1619 the Dutch established their trading headquarter in Batavia . Java slowly fell to the Dutch East India Company , which would also eventually control most of Maritime Southeast Asia . The internal intrigue and war of succession, in addition to Dutch interference, caused the Mataram Sultanate to break up into Surakarta and Yogyakarta . The further separation of
14628-477: The rise of Islam, between the 5th to 15th centuries, Dharmic faiths (Hinduism and Buddhism) were the majority in the Indonesian archipelago , especially in Java . As a result, numerous Hindu temples, locally known as Candi , were constructed and dominated the landscape of Java. According to local beliefs, the Java valley had thousands of Hindu temples that co-existed with Buddhist temples, most of which were buried in
14766-617: The river; Raden Kikin has since then also been known as Sekar Seda Lepen (flower that fell by the river). Raden Trenggana (r. 1522–1546) was then crowned by Sunan Gunungjati (one of the Wali Songo ) and became the third and greatest ruler of Demak. During Trenggana's reign a young man named Fatahillah came to his court to offer his service to the sultan. He had just returned from Mecca after several years studying Islam there, and had learned that his hometown in Pasai had been captured by
14904-906: The same kris that Mukmin had used to kill his father. Arya Penangsang (r. 1549–1568) ascended to the throne of Demak in 1549 after assassinating his cousin Sunan Prawata. Arya Penangsang was a valiant but vicious man who never hesitated to use brutal force to achieve his goals. Feeling threatened, Prawata's son Arya Pengiri sought refuge in his aunt's realm in Kalinyamat, Jepara. Prawata's younger sister Ratu Kalinyamat sought justice from Penangsang's teacher Sunan Kudus, but he declined her request, deeming Penangsang's revenge justified since Prawata had assassinated Penangsang's father, Raden Kikin (Sekar Seda ing Lepen). On their way home from Kudus to Kalinyamat, Ratu Kalinyamat and her husband, Sultan Hadlirin , were attacked by Penangsang's men. Hadlirin
15042-522: The spread of Demak's influence to the east and west. He conquered the Hindu -based resistance in Central Java and during his second campaign, conquered the last Javanese Hindu-Buddhist state, the largely defunct remnants of Majapahit; Tuban , an old Majapahit port mentioned in Chinese sources from the 11th century, was conquered in about 1527. During his reign Demak was able to subdue other major ports and its reach extended into some inland areas of East Java that are not thought to have been Islamized at
15180-469: The throne of Demak, he ruled Jepara , a vassal state to the north of Demak. Pati Unus ruled under the regnal name Sultan Syah Alam Akbar II. In two expeditions, with approximately 100 ships in 1513 and with 375 in 1521, Pati Unus led fleets from the Javanese coastal cities to seize the port of Malacca on the Malay Peninsula from the control of the Portuguese . The Javanese ports turned against
15318-406: The throne. Between 1513 and 1518 Demak waged war against Patih Udara of Daha , the successor state of Majapahit located in today's Kediri . The main Demak army led by Raden Patah and Sunan Kudus marched overland through Madiun, while the Demak fleet led by Pati Unus took the sea route through Sedayu. Demak managed to consolidate its power by defeating Daha in 1518, because it was more accepted as
15456-461: The time. His campaign ended when he sought to conquer the Hindu principality of Pasuruan in East Java and was killed in 1546. According to tradition, he was assassinated by a ten-year-old Duke of Surabaya, who stabbed with a kris while serving him betel nut . The death of the strong and able Trenggana in 1546 triggered a blood feud and civil war between Prince Arya Penangsang , Adipati of
15594-419: The twenty-year disruption of trade, the reach of Srivijaya was diminished. Its territories began to free themselves from the suzerainty of Palembang and to establish many small kingdoms all over the former empire. Srivijaya finally declined with the military expedition by Javanese kingdoms in the thirteenth century. Prince Parameswara fled from Palembang after being crushed by Javanese forces. The city
15732-461: The two refinery complexes, against determined Japanese defence. The aviation fuel output was reduced by 75% for the loss of 32 aircraft to combat and landings. On 8 October 1945, the Resident of South Sumatra, Adnan Kapau Gani, and Gunseibu officers raised the Indonesian flag during a ceremony. It was declared that Palembang Residency was under control of Republicans. Palembang was occupied by
15870-499: The vassal state of Jipang [ id ] , who was the son of the assassinated Sekar Seda Lepen (Raden Kikin), and Trenggana's son Prince Mukmin or Sunan Prawata, who had committed the murder. According to the Babad Demak chronicle, several influential figures of Wali Songo supported different candidates for the succession. Sunan Giri supported Prince Mukmin, while Sunan Kudus supported Arya Penangsang, since he belonged to
16008-765: The world's largest temples. Javanese culture has a strong influence in most of the Southeast Asian countries. In Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore, the influence of Javanese culture can be seen in many aspects of modern Malay culture . Javanese culture has greatly influenced their traditional cuisine with many dishes such as satay , sambal , ketupat , nasi kuning ( pulut kuning ), and rojak . Kris weaponry, batik and ronggeng dance art, gamelan musical instruments, and wayang kulit puppetry were introduced to them through Javanese contact . Javanese culture has also spread widely beyond Southeast Asia such as Sri Lanka , South Africa , and Suriname , where many of
16146-551: Was a busy port located at the end of a then navigable channel separating Java and Muria Island . The channel subsequently filled, joining Muria to Java; from the 15th to the 18th century until the 18th century, it was a major waterway for ships traveling along the northern Javanese coast to the Spice Islands and, via the Serang River, to the rice-producing interior of Java. This strategic location enabled Demak to become
16284-474: Was also difficult to apply this social categorization in classing outsiders, for example other non- indigenous Indonesians such as persons of Arab , Chinese and Indian descent. Social stratification is much less rigid in northern coast area. The Javanese calendar is used by the Javanese people concurrently with two other calendars, the Gregorian calendar and the Islamic calendar . The Gregorian calendar
16422-421: Was based on trade and control of coastal cities, Demak can be considered a thalassocracy . Raden Patah's son, or possibly his brother, led Demak's brief domination in Java. He was known as Trenggana, and later Javanese traditions say he gave himself the title Sultan. It appears that Trenggana had two reigns— c . 1505–;1518 and c . 1521–1546—between which his brother in law, Yunus of Jepara , occupied
16560-445: Was built in Palembang's southern district of Jakabaring over 1998-2004. Palembang then hosted the 2004 National Games , 47 years after the games were last held outside Java and 51 years since held in Sumatra. Palembang went on to co-host the 2011 Southeast Asian Games with Jakarta. Two years later, Palembang replaced Riau province's capital Pekanbaru as host city of the 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games after Riau Governor Rusli Zainal
16698-431: Was built on 4 August 1992. On 6 December 1988, Indonesia government expanded Palembang's administrative area as far as 12 kilometers from the city center, with 9 villages from Musi Banyuasin integrated into 2 new districts of Palembang and 1 village from Ogan Komering Ilir integrated into Seberang Ulu I District. During May 1998 riots of Indonesia , Palembang was also ravaged by riots with 10 burned shops, more than
16836-529: Was completed at Simpang Polda in September 2008. A second flyover, in Jakabaring, was completed in 2015. In 2010, Palembang launched its bus transit system , Transmusi. In 2015, the central government began upgrading Palembang's transportation with the construction of a light rail transit system from Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport to Jakabaring, followed by toll roads , two Musi River bridges, and two flyovers, ahead of
16974-401: Was completed in 1748. Settlements grew along the Musi River , with some houses built on rafts. The Sultanate legislated only citizens of Palembang could reside downstream of Seberang Ilir where the palace was located, whereas non-citizens were required to reside on the opposite bank known as Seberang Ulu. Several local rivals, such as Banten , Jambi , and Aceh threatened the existence of
17112-649: Was established. Following the Dutch abolition of the Palembang Sultanate in 1825, Palembang became the capital of the Residency of Palembang, encompassing the territory that would become the South Sumatra province after Indonesian independence. Its first resident was Jan Izaäk van Sevenhoven . From the late nineteenth century, with the Dutch introduction of new export crops including robusta coffee , Palembang rose as an economic centre. During
17250-574: Was home to thousands of Hindu temples that co-existed with Buddhist temples, most of which were buried in the massive eruption of Mount Merapi in 1006 AD. At its peak, the Javanese kingdom had become a dominant empire that exercised its power—not only in Java island, but also in Sumatra , Bali , southern Thailand , Indianized kingdoms of the Philippines , and the Khmer in Cambodia . Jayavarman II ,
17388-399: Was implicated in a corruption case. Palembang and Jakarta co-hosted the 2018 Asian Games. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2005 declared Palembang a "Water Tourism City". Further tourism promotions were launched by Yudhoyono's administration in 2008 amid criticism that souvenirs promoting local culture for the campaign were actually imported from China. Palembang's first flyover
17526-466: Was killed and Ratu Kalinyamat barely survived. She urged her brother in-law, Hadiwijaya (popularly known as Jaka Tingkir ), Adipati of Pajang (now Boyolali ), to avenge her husband's death by killing Arya Penangsang. Arya Penangsang soon faced heavy opposition from his vassals for his harshness, and was dethroned by a coalition of vassals led by Hadiwijaya. In 1568, Hadiwijaya sent his adopted son and also his son in-law Sutawijaya , who would later become
17664-613: Was largely maintained. The city was defended from air attacks by the Imperial Japanese Army's Palembang Defense Unit . In August 1944, USAAF B-29 bombers flying from India, raided the Palembang refineries in what was the longest range regular bombing mission of the war. In January 1945, in Operation Meridian I and II , the British Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm launched two major attacks on
17802-467: Was no longer obliged to send tribute to the Majapahit central court and declared its independence. At that time Demak was temporarily led by Sunan Giri (Prabu Satmoto). Three years later the Islamic kingdom of Demak was established under the chronogram Geni mati siniram janmi , which corresponds to 1403 Saka or 1481 CE. Raden Hasan was crowned by members of Wali Songo under the new regnal name of Sultan Syah Alam Akbar Al-Fattah; thus in Javanese he
17940-482: Was operated in Palembang in July 2018. The city attracted 2,011,417 tourists in 2017, including 9,850 foreign tourists. Traffic jams, floods, slums, pollution, and peatland fire are problems in Palembang. Some believe that the name "Palembang" is derived from the word limbang in Malay . By adding the prefix pe- which indicates a place or situation, the city's name means "a place to pan gold and diamond ores". It
18078-730: Was popularly known as Raden Patah. A Chinese chronicle in a temple in Semarang states that Raden Patah founded the town of Demak in a marshy area to the north of Semarang. After the collapse of Majapahit, its various dependencies and vassals broke free, including northern Javanese port towns like Demak. As the sign of his new reign, Raden Patah built a new Grand Mosque as the center of Islamic teaching. He appointed members of Wali Songo as advisors within his new government: Sunan Kudus as qadi (great judge of religious law), Sunan Giri as mufti , and Sunan Kalijaga as imam and advisor. Demak managed to gain hegemony over other trading ports on
18216-519: Was proclaimed in the new Republic of Indonesia . When the Indonesian independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sovereign Javanese monarchies, represented by the Sri Sultan of Yogyakarta , the Sunanate of Surakarta , Prince of Mangkunegara and Prince of Pakualaman declared that they would become part of the Republic of Indonesia. Yogyakarta and Pakualaman were later united to form
18354-937: Was sent as a gift to marry the regent of Palembang. These legends suggest that the dynastic continuity survived the Islamization of Java, or alternatively that the rulers of Demak reinforced their rule on Java by claiming descent from the Majapahit dynasty as a source of political legitimation. 6°53′S 110°38′E / 6.883°S 110.633°E / -6.883; 110.633 Javanese people The Javanese ( / dʒ ɑː v ə ˈ n iː z / , jah-və- NEEZ , / dʒ æ v -/ jav- , /- ˈ n iː s / - NEESS ; Indonesian : Orang Jawa ; Javanese : ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦮ , Wong Jawa (in Ngoko register ) ; ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ , Tiyang Jawi (in Krama register ) ) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to
18492-583: Was the seat of many Muslim communities, both foreign merchants and local Javanese. The Islamization process gained momentum from the decline of the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit Empire . Following the fall of the Majapahit capital to a usurper from Kediri, Raden Patah declared Demak's independence from Majapahit overlordship, and almost all northern Javanese ports later followed suit. However, the Demak royal family regarded themselves as descendants of Majapahit. Demak symbols continued to use
18630-410: Was the settlement named Glagah Wangi. According to tradition, the first person that Raden Patah encountered in Glagah Wangi was a woman named Nyai Lembah, from Rawa Pening . Nyai Lembah invited Raden Patah to settle in Glagah Wangi, which later was renamed as Demak Bintara. There are several suggestions on the origin of the name Demak . According to Indonesian historian Poerbatjaraka , it derived from
18768-420: Was then plagued by pirates, notably Chen Zuyi and Liang Daoming . In 1407, Chen was confronted at Palembang by the returning imperial treasure fleet under Admiral Zheng He . Zheng made the opening gambit, demanding Chen's surrender and the pirate quickly signalled agreement while preparing for a surprise pre-emptive strike. But details of his plan had been provided to Zheng by a local Chinese informant, and in
18906-425: Was thus borrowed to use in place of 舊 . The Kedukan Bukit Inscription , which is dated 682 AD, is the oldest inscription found in Palembang. The inscription tells of a king who acquires magical powers and leads a large military force over water and land, setting out from Tamvan delta, arriving at a place called "Matajap," and (in the interpretation of some scholars) founding the polity of Srivijaya. The "Matajap" of
19044-432: Was uncooperative. An expedition launched by the Dutch in 1818 captured Sultan Najamudin and he was exiled to Batavia. A Dutch Army garrison was established in 1821, but Najamuddin attempted an attack and a mass poisoning of the garrison, which was intervened by the Dutch. Mahmud Badaruddin II was exiled to Ternate , and his palace was burned to the ground. The Sultanate was later abolished by the Dutch and direct colonial rule
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