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37-670: Derajat includes the present-day administrative districts of Dera Ismail Khan , Dera Ghazi Khan , Rajanpur , Taunsa and Tank in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces. The "Baloch Derajat" (consisting of Dera Bugti , Dera Allah Yar and Dera Murad Jamali ) is adjacent to Derajat towards the southwest in Balochistan. The people of Derajat are called Derawal , and the varieties of Saraiki they speak are collectively called Derawali dialect , also known locally as Hindki . Pashto and Balochi languages are spoken in

74-472: A "good conduct" pension of £100. He had been engaged for some time on writing a biography of his old chief Sir Henry Lawrence , and high expectations were held for the work, which he did not, however, live to complete, which task was performed by Herman Merivale . He suffered a bad attack of pleurisy in March 1868 from which he temporarily recovered, upon which he was offered the post of Lieutenant-Governor of

111-959: A Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB), in October 1849. The East India Company awarded him a specially struck gold medal for services in the Punjab. He returned to a hero's welcome in England and Shropshire , was thanked by both Houses of Parliament and on 12 June 1850 was awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) by Oxford University . He was entertained at civic banquets in London and Liverpool , and made many well-received public speeches. While in England, on 9 July 1850, aged 31, he married Emma Sidney, daughter of James Sidney of Richmond, Surrey . It

148-718: A career in India. He applied directly to Sir Richard Jenkins , of Bicton Hall, Salop, a deputy chairman of the East India Company , formerly of the Bombay Civil Service, Member of Parliament for Shrewsbury in 1837, and family friend, for a cadetship in the Bengal Infantry . He landed at Calcutta early in 1841, aged 22, and from July 1842 served as a Second Lieutenant in the 1st Bengal European Regiment , first at Dinapore and then at Karnal ,

185-558: A frontier station. He remained with this regiment about five years, during which time he obtained a good knowledge of the Hindustani , Urdu and Persian languages, passing exams in all 3 subjects, which qualified him for the position of interpreter, which he obtained in November 1845, aged 26. He developed a deep understanding of military, political and social affairs in India, which showed itself in his many literary contributions to

222-539: A siege was established. On 22 January 1849 Dewan Mulraj surrendered, following negotiations directed by Edwardes. Sir Henry Lawrence praised Edwardes's pivotal role in the war, stating that "Since the days of Clive no man had done as Edwardes". All had been achieved by personal initiative, without formal military training. He was commended by Gough and the Government, promoted brevet major in September 1848 and made

259-487: The 2023 Census of Pakistan , the total population of Derajat (comprising Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur and Tank Districts) was 8,003,764. The main languages in Derajat are Saraiki , Pashto , and Balochi . In addition, Urdu and English are also used. 32°N 71°E  /  32°N 71°E  / 32; 71 Dera Ismail Khan District Too Many Requests If you report this error to

296-666: The Delhi Gazette entitled " Brahminee Bull's letters to his Cousin John Bull " , expressing bold political opinions often critical of British Indian policy. His essays became well-read throughout British India and particularly impressed the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army himself, Sir Hugh Gough , who appointed Edwardes a member of his personal staff. Edwardes served as aide-de-camp to Gough during

333-835: The Dodai Nawabs , who ruled for about fifteen generations at Dera Ghazi Khan and Dera Ismail Khan and also held Darya Khan and Bhakkar, east of the Indus. Early in the eighteenth century the Nawabs lost their supremacy, being overwhelmed by the Kalhoras of Sind. In 1739 after Nadir Shah had defeated the Mughals and acquired all the territory west of the Indus, he made the Wazir, Mahmud Khan Gujar, governor in Dera Ghazi Khan under

370-577: The First Anglo-Sikh War and fought at Mudki on 18 December 1845, where he was wounded, and at the final bloody rout of the Sikhs at Sobraon on 10 February 1846. Following the British victory, the Punjab came to be ruled by a British Resident seated at the historic capital of Lahore , supported by a Regency Council acting for the infant Maharaja Duleep Singh . In 1846, aged 27, Edwardes

407-862: The Punjab region of British India . He is best known as the "Hero of Multan" for his pivotal role in securing British victory in the Second Anglo-Sikh War . Edwardes was born at Frodesley in Shropshire on 12 November 1819, the 2nd son of the Rev. Benjamin Edwardes (1790/1-1823), rector of Frodesley, a younger son of Sir John Thomas Cholmondeley Edwardes, 8th Baronet , of Shrewsbury (1764–1816). The Edwardes Baronetcy of Shropshire had been conferred on his ancestor Sir Thomas Edwardes by King Charles I in 1644/5.The baronetcy eventually became dormant on

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444-569: The Punjab , and was appointed to the prestigious Commissionership of Ambala and as agent for the Cis-Sutlej states . After he had held the posts for 3 years, the health of both him and his wife deteriorated and on 1 January 1865, aged 46, he left British India for the last time. Following his final return to England he was made Knight Commander of the Star of India (KCSI) on 24 May 1866 and promoted Major-General on 22 February 1868. He received

481-596: The Districts of Dera Ghazi Khan in the Punjab and Dera Ismail Khan in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, many Muslim refugees from India settled in Derajat while most Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India. Many of Derajat's Hindu residents settled in the Derawal Nagar colony of Delhi , India , while others were dispersed around in the states of Haryana , Punjab and Uttar Pradesh . Languages of Derajat (2023) According to

518-531: The Government of India to publicly support the propagation of Christianity in India. Reputable biographers have gone so far as to call this attitude of his "a considerable lack of common sense",. He shared his strong evangelical Christian attitudes with his brother officer and close friend Brigadier-General John Nicholson . During his final period in England, he served as vice-president of the Church Missionary Society . On 19 December 1853,

555-752: The Kalhora chief, who also became his vassal. Under Ahmad Shah Durrani the Kalhoras, now in a state of decadence, contended for possession of Dera Ghazi Khan, but Mahmud Khan Gujar appeared to have been its real governor. He was succeeded by his nephew, who was killed in 1779, and the Durranis then appointed governors directly for a period of thirty two years. Meanwhile, the last of the chiefs of Dera Ismail Khan had been deposed in 1770, and his territories were also administered from Kabul. In 1794 Humayun Shah attempted to deprive Zaman Shah Durrani of his kingdom, but he

592-635: The Marwat plain, and south to the town of Jampur , having a length of 325 miles and breadth of 50 miles. The Derajat owes its existence as an historical area to the Baloch migration in the 15th century when Sultan Husseyn Shah of Langah Sultanate , being unable to hold his vast trans Indus possessions called in Baloch mercenaries, and assigned these territories to Malik Sohrab Dodai as jagir . Malik Sohrab's sons, Ghazi Khan, Ismail Khan and Fateh Khan, founded

629-522: The Nawab of Bahawalpur from south of Multan, he defeated the rebels a second time at Sadusam, near Multan. Here he permanently injured his right hand in an accident with his pistol. Edwardes then forced the rebels to retreat to the fort of Multan, where they remained contained until the arrival of General William Sampson Whish and the Bombay column, whereupon, assisted by the further action of Edwardes's force,

666-668: The North-Western Frontier by the existence of a strong and independent Afghanistan and he urged the signing of a British Treaty of Friendship with the Amir Dost Mohammad Khan . Although opposed by Sir John Lawrence, then Chief Commissioner of the Punjab, as the new ruling magistrate was known following the 1849 British annexation of Punjab, Edwardes's suggestion received the approval of the Governor General of India Lord Dalhousie . The treaty

703-603: The Punjab in March 1868. His recovery however relapsed and he died in London on 23 December 1868, aged 49, after a severe haemorrhage. He was buried in the Meadow on the western side of Highgate Cemetery and is commemorated by a mural tablet in Westminster Abbey and a stained glass window in the chapel of King's College London. He was survived by his wife, Emma (nee Sydney), whom he had married in 1850. Edwardes

740-602: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 545245403 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:39:30 GMT Herbert Edwardes Major-General Sir Herbert Benjamin Edwardes KCB KCSI DCL (12 November 1819 – 23 December 1868) was a British administrator, soldier, and statesman active in

777-410: The death of the 10th Baronet Sir Henry Hope Edwardes to extant with Edwardes-Iddon which Edwardes are descended claiming succession to the title. Edwardes's mother died during his infancy, and from the age of four, following his father's death in 1823, he was brought up in the household of a deeply religious aunt, from whom he developed his own strongly Protestant Christian faith. At the age of ten, he

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814-684: The northern and western parts of Derajat, respectively. The Derajat is a level plain between the Indus River and the Sulaiman Mountains , lying between 29°30′ and 34°15′ N. and 69°15′ and 72′ E., the name derives its name from, the three Deras : Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Fateh Khan, and Dera Ghazi Khan. It extends north to the Sheikh Badin National Park among the Sheikh Badin range, which divides it from

851-418: The risk to leave the Punjab undefended, a policy opposed by Edwardes, which earned for him the sobriquet "The Saviour of India". Aged 40, in mid-1859 Edwardes once more returned to England, his health so greatly impaired by the continual strain of arduous work that it was doubtful whether he could ever return to India. During his stay he was created KCB , with the rank of brevet colonel; and the degree of LL.D.

888-505: The sanction of Sir John Lawrence , the successor in the chief magistracy of the Punjab to his elder brother Sir Henry Lawrence, to raise native troops in the Punjab to form a moveable column to maintain order in the Punjab. Lawrence later sent the large part of these troops and other units previously raised by his brother and new units raised by himself to assist in the Siege of Delhi . It was this decisive action of Sir John Lawrence's, in taking

925-454: The three Deras or 'settlements' named after them. During Babar 's conquest of Northern India in 1526 the chiefs of Derajat submitted to him, and at his death the Derajat became a dependency of his son Kamran Mirza , the ruler of Kabul . Under Humayun the Baloch immigration increased, and they gradually pushed the Nahars farther south. All the Baloch tribes acknowledged the overlordship of

962-547: The time, devoid of military support. Sensing that time was of the essence to prevent the rebellion spreading rapidly to the whole of the Punjab, and having no senior officer to consult, Edwardes made his response at first on his own initiative. He immediately raised a body of Pathan Irregulars and on 18 June 1848, having been joined by a force of Sikh troops, at Kineyri he routed a rebel force loyal to Dewan Mulraj. Subsequently, on 3 July, with reinforcements from his neighbouring District Officer Lieutenant Lake, and with troops sent by

999-649: Was a devout Christian of the Protestant anti-ritualist variety. A contemporary point of contention on his career could be stated to be his propensity to evangelise amongst the indigenous populations of India. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857–8, caused in some measure by the sepoys' belief that their ancient religions were under attack with the sanction of the British-Indian regime, he continued, on his return to India in 1862, to enthusiastically urge

1036-498: Was also occupied; but Dera Ismail Khan, to which Hafiz Ahmad Khan was permitted to retire on the fall of Mankera, remained independent till 1836, when Nao Nihal Singh deposed Muhammad Khan, the son of Hafiz Ahmad Khan, and appointed Diwan Lakhi Mal to be Kardar. Diwan Lakhi Mal held this post till his death in 1843, and was succeeded by his son Diwan Daulat Rai, who enjoyed the support of the Multani Pathan Sardars. He

1073-593: Was appointed by the new British Resident Sir Henry Lawrence , as Assistant Resident. After three months at Lahore he was posted to the court of the Maharaja of Jammu , recently established by the British as ruler of Kashmir , divested from Punjab territorial lands following the Treaty of Lahore in 1846. Here he helped to suppress a local rebellion against the Maharaja, Gulab Singh . In February 1847, aged 28, Edwardes

1110-520: Was bitterly opposed by Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana, who had also procured a nomination as Kardar from the Sikh Durbar. These rivals contended for supremacy with varying success until 1847, when the Diwan then in possession was deposed on the recommendation of Herbert Edwardes , who appointed General Van Cortlandt to be Kardar. The Derajat passed to the British in 1849, and is now (in 1911) divided between

1147-693: Was conferred upon him by the University of Cambridge . In 1860, he was invited to speak at the Wenlock Olympian Games , when he praised their founder William Penny Brookes and the local Olympian Society's work but showed disagreement with the Greek influence of the name by publicly suggesting the games be called "'The Shropshire Class of British Work and Play', or anything else you will; but let it tell of English men and women." Early in 1862, aged 43, with improved health he again returned to

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1184-502: Was defeated and fell into the hands of Muhammad Khan Sadozai , governor of the Sind Sagar Doab . As a reward for this capture, Zaman Shah bestowed the province of Dera Ismail Khan on Nawab Muhammad Khan, who governed it from Mankera by deputy. His son-in-law, Hafiz Ahmad Khan, surrendered at Mankera to Ranjit Singh in 1821, and at the same time tribute was imposed by the Sikhs on the chiefs of Tank and Sagar. Dera Fateh Khan

1221-489: Was detached on special duty as Political Agent to the remote trans- Indus district of Bannu , where he was to improve the district's tax-revenue yield to Lahore, much lessened of late by evasion and non-payment. Here backed by a small force of Sikh troops, but largely on the strength of his own personality, he completely reformed the administration. He settled local feuds and demolished local fortresses, built roads and canals and encouraged agriculture. The town established by him

1258-563: Was most probably at this time his portrait was painted by Henry Moseley, showing him dressed as an Indian nobleman, which was presented by his widow in 1905 to the National Portrait Gallery. He published in 1851 an account in 2 volumes of his experiences during the war entitled A Year on the Punjab Frontier. Edwardes believed that the security of British India against the designs of Russia would be improved on

1295-515: Was named after his death in his honour Edwardesabad , a name which gave way after independence to Bannu , unlike the surviving name of Abbottabad , which commemorates Edwardes's contemporary, General Sir James Abbott . The events and disturbances which grew into the Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848–49 started at Multan , in southern Punjab, under the governorship of Dewan Mulraj , near which fortified town Edwardes found himself at

1332-424: Was sent to a boarding school at Richmond, Surrey , where he did not early distinguish himself. He went on to study Classics and Mathematics at King's College, London , and developed there a great interest in modern literature, composing poetry and drawing. He played a prominent role in the debating society. Having been prevented from going up to Oxford by pressure from his guardians, Edwardes determined himself on

1369-640: Was signed by Lawrence and the Amir on 30 March 1855. It contained a strict non-interference clause which turned out to be vital in maintaining calm in the Punjab during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 2 years later, thus allowing Punjab troops to be sent away to assist in the relief of Delhi and in subsequent operations. A second treaty was signed in January 1857. On the outbreak of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 at far away Meerut and Delhi , Edwardes received

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