110-548: The Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve is a series of unconnected limestone dales in the Peak District National Park . It is managed by Natural England and has a permanent staff of wardens who carry out conservation works and ensure the dales are usable for recreation. The dales are: They are all in the White Peak national character area , of which dales are an integral part. The dales are
220-709: A chorus in Handel's landmark Oratorio Messiah . The annual Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival is held in the town which is also home to the Huddersfield Philharmonic Orchestra and the Huddersfield Singers . On Christmas Day 1977, the Sex Pistols played their last two British shows, a matinee for the children of striking firefighters, at Ivanhoe's nightclub, before embarking on their ill-fated US tour which saw
330-490: A company concerned with the integration of disabled people into mainstream theatre. Kelly Rowlands also holds the 2003 Line Dancing championship Record. The John Smith's Stadium , (formerly the Galpharm Stadium and Alfred McAlpine Stadium), is a multi-use sports stadium with a gym, swimming pool, spa and offers sporting classes. The stadium is home to Huddersfield Giants and Huddersfield Town football team. Adjacent
440-607: A continuous flow in the River Etherow , which was essential for local industry and provided drinking water for Manchester. In a report for the Manchester Corporation , John Frederick Bateman wrote in 1846: Within ten or twelve miles of Manchester, and six or seven miles from the existing reservoirs at Gorton, there is this tract of mountain land abounding with springs of the purest quality. Its physical and geological features offer such peculiar features for
550-736: A councillor, Dr Jackie Grunsell in the Crosland Moor ward. In January 2016 plans were announced to close the A&;E department of Huddersfield Royal Infirmary and have all emergency cases go to Calderdale Royal instead. This sparked uproar in local communities as it would mean journeys from some areas of over 40 minutes to and from the hospital assuming that the main road into Halifax was not congested, as it frequently is. The former St. Luke's Hospital in Crosland Moor mostly provided geriatric and psychiatric care. It closed in 2011 and
660-533: A higher standard. The early Arkwright mills were of light construction, narrow, about 9 feet (2.7 m) wide and low, the ceiling height being only 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 m) and lit by daylight. The new machines were powered by water wheels . The Peak was the ideal location, with its rivers and humid atmosphere. The local pool of labour was quickly exhausted and Litton Mill and Cressbrook Mill in Millers Dale brought in children as young as four from
770-487: A journey through the Peak in 1697, wrote of: ...Craggy hills Whose Bowells are full of mines of all kinds off Black and white and veined Marbles, and some have mines of Copper, others tinn and Leaden mines, in w is a great deale of silver. Coal measures occur on the Peak's western and eastern fringes. Evidence of past workings can be found from Glossop to The Roaches , and from Stocksbridge to Baslow . The coal measures in
880-423: A large number of niche manufacturers, such as Dual Seal Glass (maker of spandrel glass panels ) and Ellis Furniture (producer of kitchen and bathroom furniture). Huddersfield is home to Andrew Jones Pies, a regional award-winning pie-maker, and Mamas and Papas , a manufacturer and retailer of prams, pushchairs and related items and specialist pneumatics supplier Shelley Automation Ltd. Huddersfield Royal Infirmary
990-577: A large shopping unit empty in The Piazza Centre. In 2019 Marks & Spencer announced 17 closures within the UK, one of these was the Huddersfield store. Huddersfield Choral Society founded in 1836, claims to be the UK's leading choral society . Its history was chronicled in the book 'And The Glory' , written to commemorate the society's 150th anniversary in 1986 – its title derived from
1100-496: A major landmark, was the site of an Iron Age hill fort . The remains of a Roman fort were unearthed in the mid 18th century at Slack near Outlane , west of the town. The earliest surviving record of the place name is in the Domesday Book of 1086, Oderesfelt . It appears as Hudresfeld in a Yorkshire charter from 1121 to 1127, and as Huderesfeld in subsidy rolls in 1297. The name meaning has not complicated with
1210-489: A mixture of grassland , woodland and scrub; some also have streams (generally winterbournes ). They are a haven for biodiversity and many Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) lie partly or wholly within the reserve boundaries. There are a number of Biodiversity Action Plan species and habitats present. Dippers are common along the River Lathkill , and ravens and buzzards are regularly seen around
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#17327803256441320-670: A population of 216,011. Huddersfield has the merger of the shallow valley floors of the River Colne and the Holme south of the town centre. This is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines which blend into the moorlands of the South Pennines west of the town. As with all of West Yorkshire a temperate oceanic climate exists, wetter than the low plains rain shadow proper towards East Yorkshire but drier than Cumbria . It
1430-509: Is Kinder Scout (2,087 ft (636 m)). Most of the area is within the Peak District National Park , a protected landscape designated in 1951. A 2021 report states that "the Park’s own population numbers around 40,000 and supports an estimated 18,000 jobs, predominantly through farming, manufacturing and, inevitably, tourism". The area has been inhabited since the Mesolithic era; it
1540-540: Is a show cave . Small-scale mining takes place in Treak Cliff Cavern . Industrial limestone quarrying to make soda ash started around Buxton in 1874. In 1926 the operation of the Buxton lime industry became part of ICI . Large-scale limestone and gritstone quarrying flourished as lead mining declined, and is an important if contentious industry. Of the twelve large limestone quarries in operation, Tunstead
1650-510: Is a by-product of fluorite, baryte and calcite mining. Bell pits were sunk to access ore that lay close to the surface. Fluorite or fluorspar is called Blue John locally, its name possibly from the French bleu et jaune describing its colour. Blue John is scarce and now only a few hundred kilograms are mined each year for ornamental and lapidary use. The Blue John Cavern in Castleton
1760-556: Is a native perennial of limestone cliffs discovered by J. N. Mills in 1966 and described as a new species in 1968; and leek-coloured hawkweed ( H. subprasinifolium ), which was believed extinct until rediscovered on banks beside the Monsal Trail in Chee Dale in 2017. The endemic Derbyshire feather moss ( Thamnobryum angustifolium ) occurs in one Derbyshire limestone dale, its sole world location intentionally kept confidential;
1870-498: Is higher. The higher rainfall does not affect the temperature, which averages the same as the rest of England and Wales at 10.3 °C (50.5 °F). In the 1970s, the Dark Peak regularly had more than 70 days of snowfall. Since then the number has fallen. The hills still see long periods of continuous snow cover in some winters. Snow in mid-December 2009 on some hill summits created some snow patches that lasted until May 2010. In
1980-401: Is home to textile, chemical and engineering companies, including Brook Motors Ltd founded by Ernest Brook in 1904. Against conventional wisdom, he started making alternating current electric motors, and he did this in one room with two assistants and starting capital of just £300. On its 50th anniversary in 1954 it employed more than 2,000 people and, with Ernest's sons Frank and Jack in charge,
2090-548: Is in Lindley . Medical services are split between there and the Calderdale Royal Hospital at Salterhebble , near Halifax . Kirkwood Hospice provides care for the terminally ill , and is dependent on donations and charitable gifts. Princess Royal Hospital provided maternity facilities until the risks of not being able to get an ambulance to A&E in the event of complications were judged to outweigh
2200-452: Is in the foothills of the Pennines . The River Holme 's confluence into the similar-sized Colne is to the south of the town centre which then flows into the Calder in the north eastern outskirts of the town. The rivers around the town provided soft water required for textile treatment in large weaving sheds ; this made it a prominent mill town with an economic boom in the early part of
2310-467: Is marked by millstone grit outcrops and broad swathes of moorland. Earth movements after the Carboniferous period resulted in the up-doming of the area and, particularly in the west, the folding of the rock strata along north–south axes. The region was raised in a north–south line which resulted in the dome-like shape and the shales and sandstones were worn away until limestone was exposed. At
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#17327803256442420-476: Is mild for the latitude – overnight frosts are quite frequent in winter yet daytime tends to exceed such temperatures due to onshore breezes from around Britain and as the Gulf Stream moderates temperatures. Summers are usually warm, punctuated by frequent rainy and hot spells. Winters are usually cool and damp, punctuated by frequent cold spells where snow is possible, especially on higher ground. According to
2530-565: Is on a track near Deer Hill in Meltham ; its southernmost point is on the A52 road near Ashbourne . The boundaries were drawn to exclude built-up and industrial areas; in particular Buxton and the quarries at the end of the Peak Dale corridor are surrounded on three sides by the park. Bakewell and many villages are in the national park, as is much of the rural west of Sheffield. In 2010 it became
2640-453: Is one of the largest in Europe. Total limestone output was substantial: at the 1990 peak, 8.5 million tonnes was produced. Textiles have been exported for hundreds of years. In the 14th century, the area traded in unprocessed wool. There were several skilled hand spinners and weavers in the area. By the 1780s, Richard Arkwright had developed machinery to produce textiles faster and to
2750-588: Is the birthplace of rugby league with the local team, Huddersfield Giants , playing in the Super League . It also has a professional football team called Huddersfield Town , that currently competes in the EFL League One , as well as two Rugby Union clubs Huddersfield R.U.F.C. and Huddersfield YM RUFC . Notable people include Labour British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and film star James Mason . The town has been classed under Yorkshire ,
2860-700: Is the largest settlement and only town in the national park and the site of the National Park Authority offices. Its five-arched bridge over the River Wye dates from the 13th century. Castleton is the centre of production of a semi-precious mineral, Blue John . Eyam village is known for a self-imposed quarantine during the Black Death . Edale is the southern end of the Pennine Way , a 268-mile national trail which traverses most of
2970-749: Is the most prominent. It rises on Bleaklow just east of Glossop and flows through the Upper Derwent Valley , where it is constrained by the Howden , Derwent and Ladybower reservoirs . The reservoirs of the Upper Derwent Valley were built from the early to mid-20th century to supply drinking water to the East Midlands and South Yorkshire. The rivers Noe and the Wye are tributaries. The River Manifold and River Dove in
3080-665: Is the second oldest in the United Kingdom, started in 1889 lasting for nine days each year. Free music concerts have been put on for the town, including bands such as the Ordinary Boys, the Script and Elliott Minor. There are many local choirs, youth and adult, a noted example of the latter being the Honley Male Voice Choir. Home-grown musical talent of all kinds is complemented by the student intake to
3190-491: Is upland above 1,000 feet (300 m), its highest point being Kinder Scout at 2,087 ft (636 m). Despite its name, the landscape has fewer sharp peaks than rounded hills, plateaus , valleys, limestone gorges and gritstone escarpments (the "edges"). The mostly rural area is surrounded by conurbations and large urban areas, including Manchester , Huddersfield , Sheffield , Derby and Stoke-on-Trent . The national park has formal boundaries. It covers most of
3300-542: Is within a green belt region that extends into the Kirklees borough and wider surrounding counties. It is in place to reduce urban sprawl , prevent the towns in the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage brownfield reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within
3410-515: The Dark Peak and White Peak , but the wider Peak District is less well defined. The Dark Peak is largely uninhabited moorland and gritstone escarpments in the northern Peak District and its eastern and western margins. It encloses the central and southern White Peak, which is where most settlements, farmland and limestone gorges are found. Three of Natural England 's National Character Areas (NCAs) cover parts of it. The Dark Peak NCA includes
Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve - Misplaced Pages Continue
3520-741: The Köppen climate classification , Huddersfield is certified as Cfb . After boundary changes in 2004, Huddersfield now covers eight of the twenty-three electoral wards for Kirklees Council. Neighbouring wards in the Colne Valley , Holme Valley , and Kirkburton are often considered to be part of Huddersfield though they are predominantly semi-rural . The very centre of town forms the Newsome ward of councillors. Eight wards make up Huddersfield proper; these with populations, extent and constituent suburbs (mid-year 2005 estimates) are: Huddersfield
3630-820: The RSPB 's publication of Peak Malpractice , a 2006 report highlighting wildlife crime, the Peak District Bird of Prey Initiative was set up in 2011 by conservationists and shooting bodies to try to boost populations of birds of prey. The park authorities expressed disappointment at the limited results and the RSPB withdrew from the partnership in January 2018 citing continued efforts by the Moorland Association and National Gamekeepers’ Organisation which together had "frustrated any possibility of progress" on
3740-612: The United Reformed Church ), Methodism , Quakers , and the Roman Catholic Church . Buddhism , Hinduism , Islam , the Jehovah's Witnesses , Mormonism and Sikhism all have congregational buildings. The town's religious makeup was 39% Christian , 37.4% No Religion, 20.4% Muslim , and has small Hindu , Sikh , Buddhist and Jewish communities. Huddersfield is a manufacturing town, despite
3850-587: The University of Huddersfield 's music department. "The Sheriff of Huddersfield" is a song by heavy metal band Iron Maiden on the B-side of their 1986 single " Wasted Years ", written about their co-manager Rod Smallwood , leaving his home town of Huddersfield and struggling to settle into life in Los Angeles. Huddersfield is home to thrash metal band Evile , dance rock band Kava Kava , the birthplace of
3960-632: The West Riding of Yorkshire and West Yorkshire for statistics throughout its history. The town's population in 1961 was 130,652 with an increase to 162,949 at the 2011 census; it is in the West Yorkshire Built-up Area . The town is 14 miles (23 km) south-west of Leeds , 12 miles (19 km) west of Wakefield , 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Sheffield and 24 miles (39 km) north-east of Manchester . Local settlement dates back over 4,000 years. Castle Hill ,
4070-417: The anomalous , broom moth , dot moth , garden dart , mouse moth and white ermine . Other invertebrates include the bilberry bumblebee , broad groove-head spider , mole cricket , northern yellow splinter , shining guest ant , violet oil beetle and white-clawed crayfish . The Peak District National Park was the first national park to be designated in the United Kingdom, on 17 April 1951 (following
4180-488: The coal measures that occur only on the margins and infrequent outcrops of igneous rocks , including lavas , tuffs and volcanic vent agglomerates . The general geological structure is that of a broad dome , whose western margins have been intensely faulted and folded . Uplift and erosion have sliced the top off the Derbyshire Dome to reveal a concentric outcrop pattern with coal-measured rocks on
4290-698: The de Lacy family until its 1322 takeback by the Crown. In 1599, William Ramsden bought it, and the Ramsden family continued to own the manor, which was known as the Ramsden Estate , until 1920. During their ownership they supported the development of the town. Sir John Ramsden, 3rd Baronet built the Huddersfield Cloth Hall in 1766 and his son the fourth baronet was responsible for Huddersfield Broad Canal in 1780. The Ramsdens endorsed
4400-473: The workhouses of London as apprentices. As technology advanced, narrow valleys proved unsuited to larger steam-driven mills, but Derbyshire mills remained to trade in finishing and niche products. Glossop benefited from the textile industry. Its economy was tied to a spinning and weaving tradition that evolved from developments in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution . Until
4510-680: The 1940s onwards, but may now be extinct. Red deer herds, assumed to be derived from animals escaped from deer parks at Lyme Park and Chatsworth , are established in the upper reaches of the Goyt valley and on the moors above Baslow , and a herd on Wharncliffe Crags outside the national park north of Sheffield may derive from hunting stock of Wharncliffe Chase. Biodiversity action plans have been prepared for mountain hare, brown hare , brown long-eared bat , dormouse , harvest mouse , hedgehog , noctule bat , otter , pine marten , polecat , soprano pipistrelle and water vole . The status of
Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve - Misplaced Pages Continue
4620-573: The 1950s reflected in several Liberal social clubs. The current Member of Parliament (MP) for the Huddersfield constituency is Harpreet Uppal , a Labour MP. The town's population in 1961 had reached 130,652. Per the United Kingdom Census 2001 the population of the town's urban sub-area of the West Yorkshire Urban Area was 146,234, and that of the former extent of the county borough was 121,620. The wider South Kirklees had
4730-668: The First World War, Glossop was the headquarters of the largest textile printworks in the world, but after the Wall Street crash its product lines became vulnerable and the industry declined. Huddersfield Huddersfield is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire , England. It is the administrative centre and largest settlement in the Kirklees district. The town
4840-628: The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act of 1949 and a resulting public enquiry to establish its boundary). It was one of ten parks created in the 1950s in the wake of the 1945 Dower Report and 1947 Hobhouse Report, which recommended the creation of national parks in England and Wales. The park has an area of 1,438 square kilometres (555 sq mi) and receives approximately 13 million visitors each year. 90% of
4950-535: The Peak District was once inhabited by an eclectic mix of species, many of them no longer found in Britain, such as alpine swift , demoiselle crane and long-legged buzzard . Species lost from the Peak District through human activity include hazel grouse , capercaillie and golden eagle . Amphibians and reptiles such as common lizards , grass snakes , great crested newts and slow worms are found in
5060-551: The Pennines and ends at Kirk Yetholm in the Scottish border . The park also contains the highest village in the United Kingdom, Flash , at 1,519 feet (463 m). Other villages in the park include Hathersage , Hartington , Ilam and Tideswell . The towns of Glossop , Chapel-en-le-Frith , Buxton , Macclesfield , Leek , Ashbourne, Matlock and Chesterfield are on the national park's fringes. The spa town of Buxton
5170-977: The South West Peak NCA. The limestone plateaus of the White Peak are more intensively farmed, with mainly dairy usage of improved pastures. Woodland forms some 8 per cent of the Peak National Park. Natural broad-leaved woodland appears in the steep dales of the White Peak and cloughs of the Dark Peak. Reservoir margins often have coniferous plantations. White Peak habitats include calcareous grassland , ash woodlands and rock outcrops for lime-loving species. They include early purple orchid ( Orchis mascula ), dark-red helleborine ( Epipactis atrorubens ) and fly orchid ( Ophrys insectifera ), common rockrose ( Helianthemum nummularium ), spring cinquefoil ( Helianthemum nummularium ) and grass of parnassus ( Parnassia palustris ). Lead rakes,
5280-585: The Victorian era Industrial Revolution . The town centre has much neoclassical Victorian architecture . An example is its railway station , which is a Grade I listed building described by John Betjeman as "the most splendid station façade in England". It won the Europa Nostra award for architecture. Huddersfield hosts the University of Huddersfield and three colleges: Greenhead College , Kirklees College and Huddersfield New College . The town
5390-416: The White Peak fed the Cromford Canal . The Peak Forest Canal brought lime from the quarries at Dove Holes for the construction industry. It terminated at Bugsworth Basin and the journey was completed using the Peak Forest Tramway . The Cromford Canal, from Cromford to the Erewash Canal , served lead mines at Wirksworth and Sir Richard Arkwright 's cotton mills. The Caldon Canal from Froghall
5500-449: The area have been found in several caves. Various rock-types beneath the soil strongly influence the landscape; they determine the type of vegetation and ultimately the type of animal inhabiting the area. Limestone has fissures and is soluble in water, so that rivers could carve deep, narrow valleys. These often find routes underground, creating cave systems. Millstone grit is insoluble but porous , absorbing water that seeps through
5610-405: The area. It was not iced over in the last glacial period , which peaked about 20,000–22,000 years ago. A mix of Irish Sea and Lake District ice abutted its western margins. Glacial meltwaters eroded a complex of sinuous channels along this margin of the district. Glacial meltwaters contributed to the formation and development of many caves in the limestone area. Remains of wild animal herds roaming
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#17327803256445720-402: The benefits of specialist service provision. It now functions as a day clinic, family planning consultation centre and GUM Clinic . A decision to move most maternity services provided by the Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust to the Calderdale Royal Hospital ended the provision in 2007, despite strong local opposition. The campaign was led by Save Huddersfield NHS which elected
5830-399: The coal and dewatered the mines. Coal from the east was used in lead smelting and from the west for lime burning. Lead mining peaked in the 17th and 18th centuries; high concentrations were found in the area from this period, along with peat on Kinder Scout, suggesting that lead smelting occurred. Lead mining declined from the mid-19th century, with the last major mine closing in 1939. Lead
5940-406: The collection, storage and supply of water for the use of the towns in the plains below that I am surprised that they have been overlooked. The western Peak District is drained by the Etherow, the Goyt and the Tame , all tributaries of the River Mersey . The north-east is drained by tributaries of the River Don . Of the tributaries of the River Trent draining south and east, the River Derwent
6050-463: The colony covers about 3 square metres (32 sq ft) of a rock face with small subsidiary colonies nearby. Jacob's-ladder ( Polemonium caeruleum ), a rarish species characteristic of limestone dales in the White Peak, has been Derbyshire's county flower since 2002. It grows on grassland, light woodland, screes and rock ledges, and by streams in Lathkill , Wolfscote, Taddington, Wye Dale and other dales. Pollen evidence from peat bogs shows it
6160-439: The dale explaining the history. Lathkill Dale is one of the most easily accessible and most frequently visited of the Derbyshire dales, and has a good path for a large section of the dale, whereas other dales are inaccessible to less mobile people, as paths are steep and rocky for large sections (particularly Monk's Dale). Peak District National Park The Peak District is an upland area in central-northern England, at
6270-482: The dale. The Monyash end of Lathkill Dale is well known for the flower Jacob's ladder ( Polemonium caeruleum ), which is common in gardens but rare in the wild. There are also a number of orchids found in all the dales. The sites are also a good place to study geology, with many fossils within the limestone. There are also a number of historical sites. Lathkill Dale has many industrial workings (now abandoned and derelict), and there are many interpretation boards in
6380-544: The designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building. The green belt surrounds the Huddersfield built-up area, a much-wooded buffer zone . Larger outlying communities such as Upper Hopton, Grange Moor, Highburton, Farnley Tyas , Netherton, Honley , Outlane , Slaithwaite , Wellhouse are exempt from this. Nearby smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas such as Thurgory, Gawthorpe Green , Bog Green, Upper Heaton, Wilberlee , South Crosland , Rushfield Bridge, and Bank End see their unbuilt land included in
6490-438: The designation. Much semi-rural land on the fringes forms the rest. It was chiefly defined in the 1960s, and across Kirklees covers about 70%, i.e. 23,050 hectares (57,000 acres) (2017, excluding the Peak District National Park). A subsidiary aim is to encourage play, sport and leisure, through woodland, moor, streams, green meadows, fields, small bogs. Features are: West of Marsden , Meltham and Holmbridge , it borders
6600-486: The district. The eastern moors are a stronghold for adders . Native fish in the Peak District include Atlantic salmon , brown trout , European eel , bullhead , brook lamprey and grayling . A possibly unique population of "wild" rainbow trout survives on the Derbyshire Wye , following their introduction at the turn of the 20th century. Butterflies in the region include the dingy skipper , brown argus , small blue and white-letter hairstreak . Moths include
6710-484: The east are at the western edge of the South Yorkshire Coalfield . Those in the west are part of the Cheshire section of the Lancashire Coalfield . Mining started in medieval times , was at its most productive in the 18th and early 19th centuries, and continued into the early 20th century. The earliest mining took place around outcrops , where miners followed the seams deeper into the hillsides. At Goyt's Moss and Axe Edge , deep seams were worked and steam engines raised
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#17327803256446820-403: The eastern and western margins, carboniferous limestone at the core and rocks of millstone grit between them. The southern edge of the Derbyshire dome is overlain by sandstones of Triassic age, though they barely impinge on the National Park. The White Peak forms a central and southern section with carboniferous limestone found at or near the surface. The Dark Peak to the north, east and west
6930-499: The end of this period, the Earth's crust sank here which led to the area being covered by sea, depositing a variety of new rocks. Some time after its deposition, mineral veins were formed in the limestone. The veins and rakes have been mined for lead since Roman times . The Peak District was iced over in at least one of the ice ages of the last two million years, probably the Anglian glaciation of some 450,000 years ago, as shown by patches of glacial till or boulder clay found across
7040-461: The fifth largest national park in England and Wales. In the UK, designation as a national park means that planning and other functions are provided by a national park authority, with additional restrictions that enhance protection from inappropriate development. Land within this national park as in others is in a mix of public and private ownership. The National Trust , a charity that conserves historic and natural landscapes, owns about 12 per cent of
7150-417: The grits, until it meets the less porous shales beneath, creating springs where it reaches the surface. The shales are friable and easily attacked by frost, forming areas vulnerable to landslides, as on Mam Tor. The gritstone and shale of the Dark Peak supports heather moorland and blanket bog , with rough sheep pasture and grouse shooting as the main land uses, though parts are also farmed, especially
7260-481: The group's acrimonious collapse. In the early-mid-1990s, Flex, an underground Jungle/ Drum 'n' Bass record label, was founded by musician and BBC Radio 1Xtra DJ, L Double. In 2000 another independent record label Chocolate Fireguard Records was founded by singer Pat Fulgoni who developed a three-stage community music event, Timeless Festival , in Ravensknowle Park, featuring a range of electronica, hip hop and rock music. There are other annual music festivals held in
7370-598: The heather moorlands of the Dark Peak, where the red grouse population is maintained by gamekeepers employed by shooting estates. A population of black grouse became extinct in 2000, but reintroduction was attempted in 2003. Quarries and rock outcrops provide nest sites for peregrine falcon and common raven . Ravens and common buzzards are increasingly found as their British range expands eastwards, perhaps because of general reductions in persecution. Illegal persecution has limited populations of rare raptors such as Eurasian goshawk , peregrine and hen harrier . Following
7480-478: The high moors. After decades of decline due to pollution, Sphagnum mosses are returning, with species such as S. cuspidatum particularly dominant. Most Peak District mammals are generalists and widespread across the UK, but the mountain hares on heather moorland in the Dark Peak form the only wild population in England. They were reintroduced in the Victorian era for sporting purposes. A feral population of red-necked wallabies lived around The Roaches from
7590-435: The issue. Fast-flowing rivers attract specialists such as grey wagtail , dipper , common sandpiper , mandarin duck and goosander . Wooded and semi-wooded areas attract redstart , pied flycatcher , wood warbler and tree pipit , and coniferous plantations house siskin and common crossbill . Upland reservoirs in the Dark Peak are generally oligotrophic and attract few birds, but lower-lying reservoirs on
7700-412: The keynote central building freeholds belong to the local authority, as in a few towns in Britain such as Basingstoke . Huddersfield was incorporated as a municipal borough in the ancient West Riding of Yorkshire in 1868. The borough comprised the thus sidelined civil parishes of Almondbury, Dalton, Huddersfield, Lindley-cum-Quarmby and Lockwood, later dissolved. When the West Riding County Council
7810-403: The land in the national park. Its three estates ( High Peak , White Peak and Longshaw ) include ecologically or geologically significant areas at Bleaklow , Derwent Edge , Hope Woodlands , Kinder Scout , the Manifold valley, Mam Tor , Dovedale , Milldale and Winnats Pass . The park authority owns around 5 per cent; other major landowners include several water companies. Bakewell
7920-428: The land was sold to a developer; this land is now home to Fitzwilliam Grange, a housing estate. Platform 1 is a charity established in 2018 and provides a space and advice for men struggling with mental health. The Lawrence Batley Theatre , opened in 1994, in what was once the largest Wesleyan Chapel in the world, and presents dance, drama, comedy, music and exhibitions and is the base for Full Body and The Voice,
8030-456: The local authorities covered by the park. The local authorities and the number of members they appoint are as follows: The Peak has been inhabited from the earliest periods of human activity, as shown by finds of Mesolithic flint artefacts and palaeo-environmental evidence from caves in Dovedale and elsewhere. Signs of Neolithic activity include monumental earthworks or barrows such as
8140-477: The mills, sheds and machinery at such times; one of the most notorious attacks was on Cartwright – a Huddersfield mill-owner who had a reputation for cruelty – and his Rawfolds Mill. Kirkpatrick Sale describes how an army platoon was stationed at Huddersfield to deal with these; at its peak, having about a thousand soldiers and ten thousand civilians. Luddites thus began to focus criminal damage on nearby towns and villages (less well-protected); their most damaging act
8250-714: The mills. Two Prime Ministers spent part of their childhood in Huddersfield: Harold Wilson , born locally attended Royds Hall School , and H. H. Asquith . Wilson is commemorated by a statue on the ( forecourt ) to the town's station. In 1920, the Corporation bought the Ramsden Estate from that family that had owned much of the town at least as to the reversion of long leases (a minor, overarching interest) since 1599, for £1.3 million. The town became "the town that bought itself". Most of
8360-532: The moorland plateaux of the Dark Peak and the high ridges of the White Peak. Many rivers in the Dark Peak and outer fringes were dammed to create reservoirs for supplying drinking water. Streams were dammed to provide headwater for water driven mills ; weirs were built for the same purpose. The reservoirs of the Longdendale Chain were completed in February 1877 to provide compensation water, ensuring
8470-515: The moorlands are a net carbon sink or source, based on the fact that Britain's upland areas contain a major global carbon store in the form of peat . Human interaction in terms of direct erosion and fire, with the effects of global warming, are the main variables they considered. The Peak District is formed almost wholly of sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous period. They make up the carboniferous limestone overlying gritstone , and
8580-698: The national park is privately owned, with the largest single owner being the National Trust (12%). The national park is governed by the Peak District National Park Authority, which was established under the 1995 Environment Act, replacing the Peak Park Planning Board. The authority has 30 members, 14 appointed by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs and 16 appointed by
8690-501: The north limb of the Peak District National Park . As of 2021, the town of Huddersfield's population was enumerated at 141,692, and its ethnic makeup was 66% White , 20.4% Asian , 5.6% Black , 5.2% Mixed , 2% Other and 1% Arab . The town has many churches, mosques, temples and synagogues. These include Christian denominations: the Church of England , Baptists , Presbyterians and Congregationalists (sometimes as their main fusion
8800-563: The northern and eastern parts of the Dark Peak and the White Peak NCA most of the White Peak. The western margins of the Dark Peak are in the South West Peak NCA, where farmland and pastured valleys are found with gritstone edges and moorland. Outside the park, the wider Peak District often includes the area approximately between Disley and Sterndale Moor, encompassing Buxton and the Peak Dale corridor. It may also include some of
8910-582: The one at Margery Hill . The Bronze Age saw the area well populated and farmed. Evidence remains in henges such as Arbor Low near Youlgreave and the Nine Ladies stone circle at Stanton Moor . In the same period and into the Iron Age , hill forts such as Mam Tor's were created. The Romans drew on the area's rich mineral veins, exporting lead from the Buxton area along well-used routes. Buxton
9020-453: The other side of the town centre. The town centre is home to several national high street retailers and chain stores. There are also a variety of small specialist and independent shops, many in the three-storey Victorian shopping arcade, Byram Arcade, on street, Westgate. However over the last decade many shops have closed down causing a general decline of the town centre. Most notability the closure of British Home Stores (BHS) in 2016 left
9130-660: The outer fringes and foothills, such as the Churnet and lower Derwent Valleys. The region is mostly surrounded by lowlands with gritstone moorlands of the South Pennines to the north, separated approximately by the Tame Valley , Standedge and Holme Valley . The national park covers 555 square miles (1,440 km ), including most of the region in Derbyshire and extends into Staffordshire, Cheshire, Greater Manchester and South and West Yorkshire. Its northern limit
9240-591: The pine marten is unclear, though confirmed sightings have occurred in recent decades in Derbyshire and north Staffordshire and a specimen from an introduced Welsh population was found dead outside the national park on a road between Ripley and Belper in 2018. As with mammals, many Peak bird species are widespread generalists. The Dark Peak moors still support breeding populations of several upland specialists, such as twite , short-eared owl , golden plover , dunlin , ring ouzel , northern wheatear and merlin . The populations of twite and golden plover are
9350-425: The public library, with a grassed area, used for relaxation and events throughout the year such as entertainment, international markets and iceskating in winter. Through the adjacent Market Arcade is a covered market hall, which has listed building status, due in part to its distinctive roof formed by hyperbolic paraboloids . It is adjacent to the town hall and public library. An open market trades next to Tesco , on
9460-535: The railway in the first wave of national railway building, in the 1840s. Huddersfield was a centre of civil unrest during the Industrial Revolution in which Europe saw frequent wars during and after which, as to those most acutely affecting Britain, cloth trade slumped which could be compounded by local crops failure, many local weavers faced starvation and losing their livelihood due to the new, mechanised weaving sheds . Luddites began destroying
9570-508: The same winter, the A635 (Saddleworth Moor) and A57 (Snake Pass) were closed due to snow for almost a month. Frost cover is seen for 20–30 per cent of the winter on moorland in the Dark Peak and 10 per cent in the White Peak. The Moorland Indicators of Climate Change Initiative was set up in 2008 to collect data in the area. Students investigated the interaction between people and the moorlands and their effect on climate change, to discover whether
9680-477: The shifts of English, remaining 'Hud(d)er's field'. The modern name is pronounced without a word-initial /h/ in the local dialect, a trait independently shared by many Norman scribes' dialects of the Domesday Book era (see Old and modern French ). Huddersfield has been a market town since Anglo-Saxon times. The market cross is on Market Place. The manor of Huddersfield was owned by long lease by
9790-786: The south-west, whose sources are on Axe Edge Moor , flow into the Trent. The River Dane flows into the River Weaver in Cheshire. There are no canals in the national park, although the Standedge Tunnels on the Huddersfield Narrow Canal run underneath the extreme north of it. Outside the park, waters from the Dark Peak feed the Macclesfield , Ashton , and Huddersfield Narrow Canals and waters from
9900-510: The southern end of the Pennines . Mostly in Derbyshire , it extends into Cheshire , Greater Manchester , Staffordshire , West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire . It is subdivided into the Dark Peak , moorland dominated by gritstone , and the White Peak , a limestone area with valleys and gorges. The Dark Peak forms an arc on the north, east and west of the district, and the White Peak covers central and southern areas. The highest point
10010-452: The southern fringes such as Carsington Water and Ogston Reservoir regularly attract rare migrants and wintering rarities such as various waders, wildfowl, gulls and terns. The area is regularly overflown by wintering populations of pink-footed geese moving between East Anglia and Morecambe Bay. Dipper, golden plover, hen harrier, merlin and short-eared owl are local biodiversity action plan priority species. Fossil records show that
10120-606: The southernmost confirmed breeding populations in England, and the Peak District Moors Special Protection Area (SPA) is a European designation for its populations of merlin, golden plover and short-eared owl. The Peak District lacks the concentrations of breeding waders found further north in the Pennines, though the moors and their fringes accommodate breeding curlew and lapwing , and less noticeable wading birds such as dunlin and snipe . Commercial driven grouse shooting occurs on
10230-495: The spoil heaps of ancient mining activity, form another distinctive White Peak habitat, supporting a range of rare metallophyte plants, including spring sandwort ( Minuartia verna ; also known as leadwort), alpine pennycress ( Thlaspi caerulescens ) and mountain pansy ( Viola lutea ). Two endemic vascular plants are found nowhere else in the world: Derby hawkweed ( Hieracium naviense ), found only in Winnats Pass ,
10340-569: The stadium is an Odeon cinema (formerly UCI). There are many pubs, restaurants and night clubs, one of which, Tokyo , which closed in 2019, occupies the former Huddersfield County Court , a 19th-century Grade II listed building . The oldest pub is The Parish , trading since 1720. Huddersfield has a large and diverse retail shopping area, enclosed within the town's ring road, compared with other towns of its size. There are three shopping areas: Kingsgate , The Packhorse Precinct and The Piazza Centre . The Piazza offers an outdoor shopping mall near
10450-465: The synthpop musician Billy Currie (of Ultravox and Visage ), and the hard rock bassist John McCoy who played with Neo and Gillan . Huddersfield Art Gallery occupies the top floor of the library at Princess Alexandra Walk. It has an extensive collection featuring Francis Bacon , L.S. Lowry and Henry Moore , as well as significant regional artists. It has other halls for its temporary exhibitions for established and emerging artists. Ian Berry
10560-698: The town and surrounding area, examples being the Marsden Jazz Festival, Mrs Sunderland, Electric Spring, Janet Beaumont, the Holmfirth Festivals, and the Haydn Wood (Linthwaite). The Haydn Wood (for under 21s) and Mrs Sunderland festival focus on musical and oratorial performance. The Electric Spring festival is an exploration of electronic and experimental music, featuring the 50-channel, 64-loudspeaker Huddersfield Immersive Sound System (HISS). The Mrs Sunderland Music festival
10670-701: The town centre adjacent to the railway station. Each year there is a performance by a theatre company. The finale is a firework display. The 2007 show was performed by French company Plasticiens Volants, which used large inflatable sea creatures in a parade through the streets as they told the story of 'Pearl'. The 2005 and 2008 performances were by the Valencian artists Xarxa Teatre. The 2010 festival featured Belgian company Company Tol and their suspension act – Corazon de Angeles (Angels' Heart) and ended on 5 December with fireworks in St George's Square. Huddersfield has
10780-465: The university being the largest employer. Historically the town produced woollen textiles. This area of business, along with the chemical and engineering industries that emerged to support the manufacture of textiles, was the basis of the town's nineteenth and early twentieth century prosperity. The number of people who work in textiles has declined greatly, but the surviving companies produce large quantities of woollen products with little labour. The town
10890-579: Was a Roman settlement known as " Aquae Arnemetiae " for its spring. Theories on how the name Peak derived cite the Pecsaetan or peaklanders, an Anglo-Saxon tribe inhabiting the central and northern parts of the area from the 6th century CE, when it belonged to the Anglian kingdom of Mercia . Barrows from the Anglo-Saxon period are present, including Benty Grange , where the eponymous helmet
11000-623: Was abolished in 1974 and its former area was combined with that of other districts to form the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire. Council bids to gain support for city status were rejected by the people in a poll held by the Huddersfield Daily Examiner ; the council did not apply for that status in the 2000 or 2002 competitions. Huddersfield had a strong Liberal tradition up to
11110-589: Was born in Netherton, Huddersfield and was educated in the town and went to Greenhead College and is internationally renowned for his art using only denim jeans and was named as one of the top 30 artists under 30 in the world in 2013. In 1996 aged 11 he won the Huddersfield Daily Examiner 125th Birthday competition that saw his design printed on to mugs, tea towels and posters. Huddersfield Festival of Light takes place annually in December, usually in
11220-403: Was built to transport limestone from quarries at Cauldon Low for the iron industry and flints for the pottery industry. Most of the area is over 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level, in the centre of the country at a latitude of 53°N, bringing relatively high annual rainfall averaging 40.35 inches (1,025 mm) in 1999. The Dark Peak tends to receive more rainfall than the White Peak, as it
11330-694: Was built up by the Dukes of Devonshire as a genteel health resort in the 18th century while the spa at Matlock Bath , in the River Derwent valley, was popularised in Victorian times. Hayfield is at the foot of Kinder Scout, the area's highest summit. Other towns and villages fringing the park include Whaley Bridge , Hadfield , Tintwistle , Darley Dale and Wirksworth in Derbyshire, Stocksbridge in South Yorkshire and Marsden and Holmfirth in West Yorkshire. Several rivers have sources on
11440-425: Was formed in 1889, Huddersfield became a county borough , exempt from its control. A more confined Huddersfield seat than the early 20th century scope has been represented by Labour since its creation in 1983 and is, by size of majority and length of tenure, a strongly-Labour leaning seat . Kirklees was the first part of the country to have a Green or other environmentalist party councillor – Nicholas Harvey – he
11550-400: Was found. In medieval and early modern times, the area was mainly agricultural, with sheep farming, rather than arable the main activity in upland holdings. From the 16th century, the mineral and geological wealth became increasingly significant. Not only lead, but coal, fluorite , copper from Ecton Mines , zinc , iron , manganese and silver have been mined. Celia Fiennes , describing
11660-631: Was instrumental in protesting against the intended closure of the Settle and Carlisle Railway line. The council has councillors of Labour, Conservative Party and Liberal Democrat parties; these retained the deposit , reaching more than 5% of the vote in the last general election (for an MP who serves in the House of Commons). Huddersfield expanded in 1937, assimilating parts of the Golcar , Linthwaite , and South Crosland urban districts. The county borough
11770-477: Was largely used for agricultural purposes until mining arose in the Middle Ages. During the Industrial Revolution , several cotton mills were constructed in the area's valleys by Richard Arkwright . As mining declined, quarrying grew. Tourism came with the railways, spurred by the landscape, spa towns and Castleton 's show caves. The Peak District forms the southern extremity of the Pennines. Much of it
11880-657: Was the largest exclusive producer of AC motors in the world, and had a turnover of £4,500,000. That same year Brook Motors Ltd operated 10 factories in Huddersfield, its biggest being Empress Works on St Thomas's Road, and opened one at Barugh Green, Barnsley. Other local manufacturers are Cummins Turbo Technologies , founded in 1952 as Holset by Messrs. Holmes and Croset. (turbochargers), David Brown Gear systems (industrial gearing), Huddersfield Fine Worsteds (textiles), Taylor & Lodge (textiles), C & J Antich (textiles), Syngenta AG ( agro-chemicals ), Pennine Radio Limited ( electronics transformers and sheet metalworking ) and
11990-446: Was to destroy Foster's Mill at Horbury – a village about 10 miles (16 kilometres) east. The government campaign that crushed the movement was provoked by a murder that took place in Huddersfield. William Horsfall, a mill-owner and a passionate prosecutor of Luddites, was killed in 1812. Although the movement faded out, Parliament began to increase welfare provision for those out of work, and introduce regulations to improve conditions in
12100-557: Was widespread throughout Britain just after the last ice age. Much planted in gardens from where it has established itself in other parts of the area, as a native it is restricted to the White Peak and the Yorkshire Dales . The Dark Peak heathlands, bogs, gritstone edges and acid grasslands contain relatively few species; heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum ), bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ) and hare's-tail cotton grass ( Eriophorum vaginatum ) dominate
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