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34-678: The name is derived from the fact, that upon the 1271 partition within the Tyrolean Meinhardiner dynasty, the territories of the Counts of Tyrol and the East Tyrolean estates of the Counts of Görz bordered on the lands of the Archbishops of Salzburg at the peak. The summit is characterised by its steep rock faces to the northeast, surrounded by numerous glaciers . A first ascent was documented in 1866. The mountain

68-671: A capable ruler, and therefore is known as the creator of Tyrol as an autonomous Imperial State . Meinhard also had roads built and coins minted, especially the silver coin Zwainziger ( twenty ). The type was copied elsewhere in Europe and became widely known as Groschen . Already in 1267 Count Meinhard had once again tried to strengthen the ties with the Hohenstaufen dynasty by accompanying his stepson Conradin of Swabia on his campaign to Italy . However, after Conradin's defeat at

102-749: A further 1,000 metres to the east, the 3,481-metre-high Western Simonyspitze , which is named after Austrian alpine researcher and geographer, Friedrich Simony. On the course of the Roßhufkamm ridge to the southwest and about 2,200 metres away is the Hoher Roßhuf at 3,199 m. Along the northwestern ridge of the main chain of the Tauern (the Tauernhauptkamm ) lies the Grasleitenkopf (2,954 m). The nearest important settlements are

136-679: A member of the House of Gorizia ( Meinhardiner ), ruled the County of Gorizia (as Meinhard IV) and the County of Tyrol together with his younger brother Albert from 1258. In 1271 they divided their heritage and Meinhard became sole ruler of Tyrol. In 1286 he was enfeoffed with the Duchy of Carinthia and the adjacent March of Carniola . Meinhard II was the son of Count Meinhard III of Gorizia and his wife Adelheid (died 1275–79), daughter and heiress of Count Albert IV of Tyrol . His father had acquired

170-496: A steady decline until their territories shrunk back to the original County of Gorizia by the mid 1370s. Their remaining lands were inherited by the Habsburg ruler Maximilian I . The Meinhardiner where mentioned as Count of Gorizia in 1117. From 1253, the dynasty ruled the County of Tyrol . In 1271, their vast possessions were split. The main branch kept the recently acquired Tyrol and became known as Counts of Gorizia-Tyrol or

204-426: A vernacular Tyrolean Landrecht , albeit only fragmentarily transmitted upon today. As far as can be ascertained, he had no ancestry in earlier Carinthian ducal families, whereas he was a distant descendant of some early Meranian lords of Istria and Carniola. His investiture of the duchy included a provision that in extinction of his male line, the House of Habsburg would be its heir. This materialized in 1335 upon

238-670: Is surrounded by glaciers . To the north, at the foot of the Northeast Face, is the heavily crevassed Krimmler Kees with its jagged icefalls . To the east and south lies the Umbalkees , which climbs to a height of 3,400 metres; to the west is the Lahner Kees which extends far into the summit region. Neighbouring peaks include the Umbalköpfl , 600 metres away on the course of the prominent East Arête at 3,426 m and,

272-707: The Austrian House of Habsburg inherited Carinthia and Carniola from the Gorizia-Tyrol branch. The Habsburgs held these lands until 1918. Henry's only surviving daughter Margaret "Maultasch" and her husband John Henry of Luxembourg were able to retain the County of Tyrol. In 1363 she ceded the county to the Habsburg duke Rudolph IV of Austria after her only son with her second husband Duke Louis V of Bavaria , Count Meinhard III of Gorizia-Tyrol had died in

306-655: The Battle of Tagliacozzo and his execution in 1268, he had to seek new allies. He became a close associate of Count Rudolf of Habsburg , who was elected King of the Romans in 1273 and stuck in a fierce conflict with the mighty king Ottokar II of Bohemia around several "alienated" Imperial territories, which Ottokar had acquired during the preceding interregnum . In 1276 Meinhard married his daughter Elisabeth off to Rudolf's eldest son Albert . Meinhard backed Rudolf's campaign against Ottokar and in turn received Carinthia with

340-649: The Meinhardiner Line after Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia . The cadet branch, known as the Albertine Line , after Meinhard's younger brother Albert , took over the original possessions in the County of Gorizia, the Puster Valley , as well as the title of palatine counts in Carinthia (together with the domains in the upper Drava Valley). Both branches participated in the coalition against

374-696: The Meinhardiner, House of Meinhardin , were a comital , princely and ducal dynasty in the Holy Roman Empire . Named after Gorizia Castle in Gorizia (now in Italy , on the border with Slovenia ), they were originally " advocates " ( Vogts ) in the Patriarchate of Aquileia who ruled the County of Gorizia ( Görz ) from the early 12th century until the year 1500. Staunch supporters of

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408-776: The Premyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia on the side of king Rudolf I of Germany and were awarded vast estates after the former's defeat in the Battle of Marchfeld. In 1286, the Gorizia-Tyrol line became Dukes of Carinthia and landraves of Carniola , and took over de facto rule in Savinja , while the Albertine branch was granted most of the Windic March and the County of Metlika . In 1306 and again from 1307 to 1310, Henry of Gorizia-Tyrol ruled as King of Bohemia and hold

442-525: The Salzburg custody at Hohenwerfen Castle to secure their Gorizia-Tyrol heritage. In 1259 Meinhard married Elisabeth of Wittelsbach , the widow of the Hohenstaufen king Conrad IV of Germany , about ten years his senior. The joint rule with Albert came to an end, when the inheritance rights to Gorizia and Tyrol were divided in 1271. Meinhard received the County of Tyrol, becoming the progenitor of

476-666: The gorizian Burghut . First, the Council of Ten of the Republic of Venice considered appointing Lukas von Graben as their supreme commander in Friuli. However, since Virgil von Graben ended the contract with Venice about the succession in the County of Gorizia and negotiated with Maximilian I, this appointment did not materialize. In the end Leonhard leaned towards the Habsburgs and signed an inheritance treaty with Maximilian I. After

510-792: The Carniolan march as a pledge in 1276. After Ottokar's defeat in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld , King Rudolf formally elevated Meinhard to a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and finally vested him with the Duchy of Carinthia as a fief at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1286. On September 1, Meinhard was enthroned at the Duke's Chair and thus became the first Carinthian duke of the Gorizia-Tyrol dynasty. In 1286–9 Meinhard issued

544-463: The County of Tyrol (as Meinhard I) upon the death of his father-in-law in 1253 and already had attempted to gain control over neighbouring Carinthian lands against the forces of Duke Bernhard von Spanheim . However, he was defeated near Greifenburg and had to leave his minor sons Meinhard II and Albert held in hostage by Duke Bernhard's son, Archbishop-elect Philip of Salzburg . After their father's death in 1258, Meinhard II and his brother emerged from

578-900: The County of Tyrol and went on to rule as Counts in Gorizia ( Gorizia and Gradisca from 1754). One apparent or illegitimate branch of the Meinhardiner where the Herren von Graben family, from which descend the Counts and Princes Orsini-Rosenberg . The Netherlands family of De Graeff claim descent from the Von Graben as well. Inherited Tyrol in 1253 Line extinct, Tyrol fell to House of Habsburg Possessions to House of Habsburg, Gorizia part of Inner Austria from 1564 to 1619, Lienz unified with Tyrol Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia Meinhard II (c. 1238 – 1 November 1295),

612-465: The Emperors against the papacy , they reached the height of their power in the aftermath of the battle of Marchfeld between the 1280s and 1310s, when they controlled most of contemporary Slovenia , western and south-western Austria and part of northeast Italy mostly as (princely) Counts of Gorizia and Tyrol , Landgraves of Savinja and Dukes of Carinthia and Carniola . After 1335, they began

646-509: The German stem duchy of Bavaria . One Sieghardinger named Meginhard (or Meinhard, d. 1090) is documented as a count in the Bavarian gau of Pustertal . The progenitor of the Meinhardiner, Count Meinhard I of Gorizia, and his brother Engelbert, count palatine of Bavaria, may be his sons. The dynasty first appeared around Lienz and in the 11th century gained the office of a vogt at

680-483: The Gorizia line of the Meinhardiner dynasty, maintained their residence in Gorizia, until the line died out in 1500. The descendants of Meinhard IV, who was Count of Tyrol as Meinhard II, ruled Tyrol until 1363. In 1286 Meinhard IV had also received the rule over the Duchy of Carinthia and the adjacent March of Carniola by the Habsburg king Rudolph I of Germany in turn for his support against King Ottokar II of Bohemia . Meinhard's son Henry in 1306 married Anne ,

714-538: The Gorizia-Tyrol line of the Meinhardiner dynasty. He and his wife Elisabeth founded Stams Abbey as a proprietary monastery in 1273. The count struggled to acquire the lordship over the prince-bishoprics of Trento and Brixen , extended his Tyrolean lands down the Adige River to Salorno , and also acquired several territories in the Inn valley including the important salt mines around Hall . He turned out to be

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748-665: The Habsburg Empire. The enlightened views of the Republic of Venice and its decision-makers would have recognized the Gorizian (Meinhardin) bastard Von Graben himself as the new Count of Gorizia. Another suggestion was that Von Graben would hand over the County of Gorizia to the Republic and in exchange would receive all Gorizia castles and lordships in Friuli and Venice as a fief. But it didn't come to that. In 1498, Virgil von Graben gave his son Lukas von Graben authority over

782-420: The county, but also molded it into a more homogeneous country. He also created an administration, which, by the standards of his time, can only be called exemplary. Nevertheless, the three areas of country were too far apart to be ruled by a single count, and therefore it was decided to divide the county in 1267/71, when Meinhard IV ceded the County of Gorizia to his younger brother Albert I . Albert's descendants,

816-567: The death of Leonhard on 12 April 1500 and the Gorizia inheritance in favor of the Habsburgs, the Venetians saw their failure solely in the actions of the lords Virgil and Lukas von Graben . Upon his death, Austrian troops immediately occupied the town of Gorizia and Virgil vin Graben became his successor as imperial stadtholder of Lienz in East Tyrol . The Habsburgs (re-)united Lienz with

850-404: The death of his son Henry . The Habsburgs also acquired the County of Tyrol from Henry's daughter Margaret in 1363. Meinhard died in 1295 at Greifenburg in Carinthia. His younger son Henry succeeded him as Carinthian duke and in 1307 was even elected King of Bohemia ; his eldest daughter Elisabeth by her marriage with Albert of Habsburg became German queen in 1298. Meinhard's wife from 1258

884-526: The eldest daughter of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia , and after the sudden death of his brother-in-law King Wenceslaus III in the same year even ascended the Bohemian throne. He however had to deal with claims raised by the Habsburg scion Rudolph III , son of King Albert I of Germany , and in the long run both could not prevail against Count John of Luxembourg , who became Bohemian king in 1310. As Henry himself left no male heirs upon his death in 1335,

918-542: The extinction of the dynasty, sickly Leonhard became subject to the competing pressures of both the Imperial Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of Venice , which both competed for his heritage. During his later reign his administrator Virgil von Graben was persuaded by grand promises by King Maximilian I to end his hitherto secret association with the Venetians and instead advocate the country's accession to

952-539: The same year. The Counts of Gorizia were moreover the Bailiffs of Aquileja. They are famous in numismatics as publishers of the first German golden coin, the "Zwainziger". The renowned diplomat and minnesinger Oswald von Wolkenstein was a subject of the Counts of Gorizia. The Gorizia branch of the dynasty became extinct in the year 1500, when the last male family member Count Leonhard of Gorizia , Count Palatine of Carinthia , died without issues. Years before, facing

986-777: The secular power in southern Bavaria after the deposition of the Welf duke Henry the Lion in 1180. One result of their becoming rulers of the area, was that the area is now called "Tyrol", after their ancestral castle. Between 1253 and 1258 the Counts of Görz assumed the power in the Tyrolean lands, after the counts at Castle Tyrol had failed to produce a male heir. In 1237 Count Meinhard III had married Adelheid, daughter of Count Albert IV of Tyrol , who died in 1253 leaving no male heirs, and could in this way claim Tyrol as his inheritance. His son and successor Count Meinhard IV not only expanded

1020-607: The sovereigns of many semi-free compulsory henchmen ( ministeriales ) and local noblemen which styled until today the scenery with their numerous castles mostly south of the Brenner Pass . One of that noble families were the Counts of Tyrol, named after the Castle Tyrol near the town of Meran . They speedily ascended as bailiffs, who exercised the judicial power for the Trient and Brixen prince-bishops and finally took over

1054-597: The territory of contemporary East Tyrol ) until the year 1500, when the family's last count ( Leonhard of Gorizia ) died without an heir. His remaining estates were inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg. The dynasty probably hailed from the Rhenish Franconian Siegharding dynasty, which originally descended from the Kraichgau region and in the 10th century ruled in the Chiemgau of

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1088-467: The titular title of King of Poland , due to his marriage with the Přemyslid heiress Anne . However, as Henry left no male heirs, the Gorizia-Tyrol branch became extinct upon the death of his daughter Margaret in 1369. Their lands were inherited by the Habsburgs. The Albertine line maintained the rule in the comital lands around Gorizia , in the Puster Valley and in western Carinthia (which comprised

1122-773: The town of Gorizia ( Görz ) in the Patriarchate of Aquileia. Tyrol already in the early and later Middle Ages was an important mountain pass area with the lowest crossings over the Central Eastern Alps , vital for the Holy Roman Emperors to reach the Kingdom of Italy . The centres of the Imperial power were initially two Prince-bishoprics established by Emperor Conrad II in 1027, Brixen ( Bressanone ) and Trient (Trento). The bishops were

1156-667: The village of Kasern , 9 kilometres away to the southwest ( as the crow flies ) in the South Tyrolean valley of Ahrntal . Also 9 km distant, albeit to the southeast, is the Austrian village of Hinterbichl near Prägraten in the Virgental valley. [REDACTED] Media related to Dreiherrnspitze at Wikimedia Commons Meinhardiner The Counts of Gorizia ( German : Grafen von Görz ; Italian : Conti di Gorizia ; Slovene : Goriški grofje ), also known as

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