Misplaced Pages

#842157

43-575: Dubica may refer to either of two towns divided by a state border: Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina , on the right bank, in Bosnia Hrvatska Dubica , on the left bank, in Croatia [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

86-487: A German officer cadre) reduced the size of the Croatian Home Guard to 70,000 men, down from its peak at 130,000 in 1943. The NDH government, under heavy German pressure, reacted by formally integrating Croatian Home Guard and Ustasha Militia. New and more reliable officers were appointed, and draconian measures were introduced to increase discipline and prevent further defections. As a result, by May 1945,

129-592: A cavalry regiment in Zagreb and an independent cavalry battalion at Sarajevo . Two independent motorized infantry battalions were based at Zagreb and Sarajevo respectively. The fledgling Army crushed the revolt by Serbs in eastern Herzegovina in June, and fought in July in eastern and western Bosnia . They fought in eastern Herzegovina again, when Croatian- Dalmatian and Slavonian battalions reinforced local units. By

172-411: A congress that would meet once every two years, in order to help young children born outside of Kozarska Dubica to retain the heritage and cultural traditions. These celebrations typically attract many Bosniaks ; however, many Croats and Serbs also come to show their respect towards their heritage and the town of Kozarska Dubica, and to reunite with former neighbors. Hunting is a traditional sport of

215-741: A long time tradition, drawing people from different areas. Also, the Sava River is located not far from Kozarska Dubica at Jasenovac , where the Una enters the Sava. Kozarska Dubica has an old tradition in sports that dates back to the early 20th century. In the 1930s, Kozarska Dubica established a football club named SK Una. Currently, FK Borac play in the second tier- First League of the Republika Srpska . After World War II, Kozarska Dubica had an upsurge of different sport organizations . In 1962

258-589: A two-gun artillery group, 16 light and 16 heavy machine guns , and six mortars. Two volunteer regiments, and a mobile Gendarmerie Brigade were also established; but, by November 1942, the partisans had occupied northern Bosnia, and the Army could only hold main towns and communications routes, abandoning the countryside. During 1943, four Jäger Brigades (5th to 8th) were set up, each with four 500-man battalions in two regiments and an artillery group, equipped for hilly terrain. The Home Guard reached its maximum size at

301-686: Is 499 square kilometres (193 sq mi). The town was originally known as "Bosanska Dubica" (Босанска Дубица in Serbian Cyrillic, literally "Bosnian Dubica") but was renamed "Kozarska Dubica" (Козарска Дубица in Serbian Cyrillic) by the authorities of Republika Srpska following the Bosnian War , which was part of a broad political resolution to remove all Bosnian prefixes. This included towns like Gradiška (Bosanska Gradiška) and Novi Grad (Bosanski Novi). Kozarska Dubica

344-405: Is an important development factor. Agricultural production is focused on land cultivation, cattle breeding, raising of industrial crops, and recently the development of fruit and wine growing. The climate of Kozarska Dubica is conducive to the cultivation of different kinds of vegetables. Most of the economy comes from the livestock. The largest milk production company is Mlijekoprodukt located near

387-540: Is the center for physiatrics , rehabilitation , and health in Kozarska Dubica, located on the northwest slopes of Kozara. A modern, specialized institution for physical medicine and rehabilitation, it provides ideal conditions for a successful rest and recovery for its clients. Fishing is a highly important industry in Kozarska Dubica. Because of its location right on the Una River , fishing has developed into

430-771: The Armistice of Cassibile , the Croatian Navy was expanded, but the loss of an ally further weakened the Croatian state. The Home Guard was under the command of the Ministry of the Croatian Home Guard, in 1943 renamed to the Ministry of the Armed Forces (MINORS). The ministers were: The Home Guard also had its General Staff. Chiefs of the General Staff included: Despite being the best-armed and having

473-526: The Croatian Home Guard in January 1942, when the village Draksenić was burned and more than 1600 were people killed. During the 1970s, Bosanska Dubica experienced a great improvement in its economy. During the 1980s there was a boom in construction and renovation which was halted by the outbreak of yet another war. The Serbian Orthodox Moštanica Monastery (Manastir Moštanica) appears on

SECTION 10

#1732790159843

516-903: The handball club Borac was established. On February 11, 1973, the basketball club BK Una was created. In 1982 the Karate Club Knešpolje was founded. Even today the different sports remain an important part of Kozarska Dubica. There are both male and female teams for handball. Also there are a couple of karate clubs and chess clubs. [REDACTED]   Una-Sana [REDACTED]   Central Bosnia [REDACTED]   Posavina [REDACTED]   Herzegovina-Neretva [REDACTED]   Tuzla [REDACTED]   West Herzegovina [REDACTED]   Zenica-Doboj [REDACTED]   Sarajevo [REDACTED]   Bosnian Podrinje [REDACTED]   Canton 10 Croatian Home Guard (World War II) The Croatian Home Guard ( Croatian : Hrvatsko domobranstvo )

559-619: The Croatian divisions were allocated to various German corps and by March 1945 were holding the Southern Front. Securing the rear areas were some 32,000 men of the Croatian Gendarmerie ( Hrvatsko Oruznistvo ), organised into five police volunteer regiments plus 15 independent battalions, equipped with standard light infantry weapons, including mortars. The Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia and

602-768: The Home Guard than Serb-dominated Chetniks . A year later, this manifested in Croatian Partisan commanders referring to the Home Guard as their "supply depot", due to its personnel being reliable source of arms, ammunition, general supplies, and intelligence . Following the capitulation of Italy in September 1943 and the first aid shipments from the Western Allies , the military situation in Yugoslavia began to even more dramatically shift in favour of

645-647: The NDH armed forces in total numbered 200,000 men. The army of the Independent State of Croatia was organized in November 1944 to combine the units of the Ustaše and Croatian Home Guard into 18 divisions, comprising 13 infantry, two mountain, two assault and one replacement Croatian divisions, each with its own organic artillery and other support units. There were also several armoured units, equipped in late 1944 with 20 Pz III N and 15 Pz IV F and H medium tanks. From early 1945,

688-584: The Partisans. By mid-1944, many Home Guard personnel and units began to openly side with Partisans, leading to some instances of mass defections that included battalion -size formations as well as some ZNDH aircraft. By November 1944 the defections and desertions , as well as the creaming off of troops to the Ustashe Brigades or the 369th , 373rd , and 392nd so-called legionnaire divisions ( Wehrmacht infantry divisions with Croatian troops under

731-519: The ZNDH, with aircraft losses amounting to 234, primarily on the ground, it entered 1945 with 196 planes. Further deliveries of new aircraft from Germany continued in the early months of 1945 to replace losses. April 1945 saw the final deliveries of up-to-date German Messerschmitt Bf 109G and K fighter aircraft and the ZNDH still had 176 aircraft on its strength in April 1945. By the end of March, 1945, it

774-759: The annual Bosansko Dubičko Veče is held. It is a celebration that brings together displaced Bosnians of all ethnicities from Kozarska Dubica. Celebrations in the United States are held in Chicago and St. Louis , Illinois. In Chicago it is always held on the Saturday before Memorial Day and hosted at the Rumija Cultural Center . Sydney , Australia, also holds the same celebration in order to gather people of Kozarska Dubica from different Australian and New Zealand areas. Work continues on creating

817-436: The backbone of which was provided by 500 former Royal Yugoslav Air Force officers and 1,600 NCOs with 125 aircraft. By 1943, the ZNDH was 9,775 strong and equipped with 295 aircraft. The small Navy of the Independent State of Croatia ( Ratna Mornarica Nezavisne Države Hrvatske , or RMNDH) was limited by a special treaty with Fascist Italy . The Navy comprised a few riverine craft and, from 1943, coastal patrol boats. After

860-525: The best logistics and infrastructure of all the domestic military formations in the World War II Balkans, the Croatian Home Guard failed to become an efficient fighting force for a variety of reasons. The most immediate reason was the lack of professional officers . Although initially significant numbers of ethnic Croat officers from the old Yugoslav army joined the Croatian Home Guard, most not entirely voluntarily, they were mistrusted by

903-407: The coat of arms of Kozarska Dubica. During the period July–September 1992 all three of the town's mosques were completely destroyed. The main town's mosque Gradska Džamija (literally Town's Mosque ), was rebuilt in 2003 and its Harem courtyard declared a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The bridge between Bosanska Dubica and Hrvatska Dubica was destroyed on the Croatian side. During

SECTION 20

#1732790159843

946-464: The eastern part of Bosanska Krajina region. The municipality of Hrvatska Dubica lies to the north, in Croatia . Kozarska Dubica is situated 26 kilometres (16 miles) from the Zagreb – Belgrade highway. The town and its suburbs border Croatia to the north, the town of Gradiška to the east, the town of Kostajnica to the west, and the town of Prijedor to the south. The land area of Kozarska Dubica

989-582: The end of 1941, the NDH military forces consisted of 85,000 home guard and the national police force of about 6,000. In January 1942, it forced the Partisans in eastern Bosnia back into Montenegro , but could not prevent their subsequent advance into western Bosnia. Clearly conventional infantry divisions were too cumbersome, and so, in September 1942, four specially designed mountain brigades (1st to 4th) were formed; each had two regiments totalling four 1,000-man battalions , mounted and machine gun companies,

1032-531: The end of 1943, when it had 130,000 men. By 1944, the Croatian Army had 90,000 men, though only 20,000 were front-line combat troops, organised in three mountain, four Jager and eight static garrison brigades, and the 1st Recruit Training Division. The Croatian Home Guard also included an air force, the Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia ( Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Države Hrvatske , or ZNDH),

1075-682: The gradual decline in support for the Ustaše regime among ethnic Croats, first fuelled by the abandonment of Dalmatia to Italy, then by the prospect of Home Guard troops being used by the Germans as cannon fodder on the Eastern Front – a repeat of the same traumatic experience from the First World War . This process intensified while the prospect of the Axis powers , and NDH with them, losing

1118-599: The last desperate attempt to seek shelter among Western Allies . This resulted in many Home Guards becoming victims of the Bleiburg repatriations during which the victorious Partisans showed little mercy or even tendency to treat captured Home Guards separately from captured Ustashas. Those Home Guards who survived the ordeal, as well as members of their families, were mostly treated as second-class citizens in Tito's Yugoslavia , although there were some exceptions, most notably with

1161-589: The legendary sportscaster Mladen Delić . In 1945 the Partisans also destroyed the central Home Guard cemetery in Zagreb's Mirogoj Cemetery . As Croatia gained independence during the Yugoslav wars , the new government under the presidency of Franjo Tuđman began the process of re-building the historical Home Guards. The rehabilitation of Home Guards is only reflected in surviving Home Guards receiving pensions and other state benefits. Home Guards disabled during

1204-406: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dubica&oldid=961280777 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina It is situated in

1247-485: The municipality of Kozarska Dubica. One hunting organization is called Jele ( Deer ) The area used for hunting is around 500 square kilometres (193 sq mi). Hunting is extravagant in Kozarska Dubica because of its two big mountains, Kozara and Prosara , with the hunting area filled with rich forests. Hunting ranges from deer to smaller animals such as wild ducks . Every April an international dog hunting competition occurs in Kozarska Dubica. Spa Mlječanica

1290-454: The new Ustaše puppet regime. Instead, the higher ranks were filled by presumably more reliable former Austro-Hungarian officers. Those men were older, retired and generally had little knowledge of modern warfare. NDH authorities tried to remedy this by forming officer schools and having junior staff trained in Italy and Germany, but effects of this policy came too late to affect the outcome of

1333-436: The town of Kozarska Dubica. It continues its tradition of growing fruits in the area. Kozarska Dubica also has an important construction company, IGP "UNA", which was established in 1962. Prior to the war there was a sugar factory operating as well. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018): Every year outside Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Dubica - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-700: The units of the Croatian Air Force Legion ( Hrvatska Zrakoplovna Legija , or HZL), returned from service on the Eastern Front provided some level of air support (attack, fighter and transport) right up until May 1945, encountering and sometimes defeating opposing aircraft from the British Royal Air Force , United States Army Air Force and the Soviet Air Force . Although 1944 had been a catastrophic year for

1419-448: The vicinity of the villages Živaja and Šaš in Croatia. A total of 54 Serb civilians were killed by the regular Croatian army during a failed invasion from Croatia . Aside from the town of Kozarska Dubica, the municipality includes the following settlements: Situated in the valley of the rivers, the municipality of Kozarska Dubica has more than 316.09 square kilometres (122.04 sq mi) of arable land , to which agriculture

1462-503: The war received state recognition in 1992 equivalent to Partisan veterans. The Home Guard has also received recognition from the government in helping to establish the democratic Republic of Croatia. There has been no official historical revisionism of their role in World War II, and the measure of providing pensions is viewed just as a social security measure because most of the surviving members could not provide for themselves under

1505-602: The war the city was under siege by the Croatian Army during a failed operation called Operacija Una 95 . On September 18, 1995, the Croatian army made a descent across the Una River and took control of some parts of Bosanska Dubica. The next day, on September 19, Serb units from other parts of the front line forced the Croat army to retreat back over the river, with Serb planes from the Banja Luka airport attacked in

1548-606: The war was getting more certain. Domobrani dissention, over the sadistic policies of the Ustaše, led to the outright persecution, deportation, and murder of Home Guard soldiers within the Jasenovac concentration camp system. As early as 1941, the Croatian Home Guards was being infiltrated by resistance groups. Yugoslav Partisans , who were based on non-sectarian ideology and had Croatian statehood as part of their pretext, were more successful in making inroads into

1591-528: The war. The other, more practical, reason was the rivalry between the Croatian Home Guard and the Ustaše Militia ( Croatian : Ustaška vojnica ), the less numerous but yet more reliable paramilitary formation. Those two formations never properly integrated their activities and the Militia was gradually taking more and more dwindling resources from the Home Guard. Third and, arguably, most important reason,

1634-635: Was built in 930. Dubica on the right bank of the Una it was first mentioned in 1258 as Castrum. It was the seat of the Dubica county of the Kingdom of Hungary . In 1538 Dubica came under Ottoman rule Babonići - Vodički were in charge of the town until the 12th century. Dubica became an important fort during the Ottoman Empire due to its geographic positioning. It became a vital and important border crossing for many years. The last Austrian-Turkish war

1677-497: Was obvious to the Croatian army command that, although the front remained intact, they would eventually be defeated by sheer lack of ammunition. For this reason, the decision was made to retreat into Austria , in order to surrender to the British forces advancing north from Italy . In May 1945, following the final Partisan offensive and collapse of the NDH, remaining Home Guard units joined other Axis forces and civilian refugees in

1720-619: Was occupied by Axis troops and was included into the Pavelić's Independent State of Croatia (NDH). The fascist Ustashe regime committed the Genocide of the Serbs and the Holocaust . During the war, the NDH armed forces killed over 7,000 Serbs in the municipality of Bosanska Dubica, while the municipality lost more than half of its pre-war population. The biggest massacre was committed by

1763-491: Was the land army part of the armed forces of the Independent State of Croatia which existed during World War II . The Croatian Home Guard was founded in April 1941, a few days after the founding of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) itself, following the collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . It was done with the authorisation of German occupation authorities. The task of the new Croatian armed forces

Dubica - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-464: Was the so-called Dubica War (1788–91) and was fought in this area. During the war in Dubica in the 1780s, the town, which was described at the time as having only a few houses and a mosque, was completely razed. The town fell under Ottoman occupation in 1538. Dubica encountered many different rulers during the Ottoman Empire and the later Austro-Hungarian Empire. During World War II , the town

1849-890: Was to defend the new state against both foreign and domestic enemies. Its name was taken from the old Royal Croatian Home Guard – the Croatian section of the Royal Hungarian Landwehr component of the Austro-Hungarian Army . The Croatian Home Guard was originally limited to 16 infantry battalions and two cavalry squadrons – 16,000 men in total. The original 16 battalions were soon enlarged to 15 infantry regiments of two battalions each between May and June 1941, organised into five divisional commands, some 55,000 men. Support units included 35 former Yugoslav light tanks returned by Italy, four engineer battalions, 10 artillery battalions (equipped with captured Royal Yugoslav Army 105mm weapons of Czech origin),

#842157