80-710: The Nokia E61 is a mobile phone from the Eseries range, a S60 3rd Edition device targeting business users in the European market. It was announced as part of the new Eseries business line on 12 October 2005 along with the Nokia E60 and E70 . As of Q4 2006, Cingular and Rogers Wireless deployed a similar yet restricted version designated the Nokia E62 in the North American and Brazilian markets. The E62
160-574: A joint venture with Salora Oy in 1979, which became the foundation of its future mobile phone business. In 1981, Mobira launched the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) service, the world's first international cellular network and the first to allow international roaming . In 1982, Mobira launched the Mobira Senator car phone, Nokia's first mobile phone. At that time, the company had no interest in producing mobile phones, which
240-596: A rubber business founded by Eduard Polón , established a factory near the town of Nokia and used its name. In 1922, in the now independent Finland, Nokia Ab entered into a partnership with the Finnish Rubber Works and Kaapelitehdas ( the Cable Factory ), all now jointly under the leadership of Polón. The rubber company grew rapidly when it moved to the Nokia region in the 1930s to take advantage of
320-405: A concept was - for most of human history - "so remote from the real experience of most human beings". Anarchists oppose patriotism. This was exemplified by Emma Goldman , who stated: Indeed, conceit, arrogance, and egotism are the essentials of patriotism. Let me illustrate. Patriotism assumes that our globe is divided into little spots, each one surrounded by an iron gate. Those who have had
400-506: A false use of "patriotism" by contemporaries such as John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (the patriot-minister) and his supporters; Johnson spoke elsewhere in favor of what he considered "true" patriotism. However, there is no direct evidence to contradict the widely held belief that Johnson's famous remark was a criticism of patriotism itself. Many patriotic people take pride in sharing a distinct, common culture, believing it to be central to their national identity and unity. Many are devoted to
480-570: A large range of colourful and replaceable back covers called Xpress-on. One of the earliest fashion phones in 1992, from Swiss watchmaker Swatch , was based on Nokia's 101 handset. The company would also form the Vertu division, creating luxury mobile handsets. In April 1996, Nokia claimed its 447Xav and 447K monitors to be the first with stereo speakers and a subwoofer . In May 1999, Nokia introduced their first wireless LAN products. In January 2000, ViewSonic acquired Nokia Display Products,
560-403: A major patent licensor for most large mobile phone vendors. As of 2018, Nokia is the world's third-largest network equipment manufacturer. The company was viewed with national pride by Finns , as its mobile phone business made it by far the largest worldwide company and brand from Finland. At its peak in 2000, Nokia accounted for 4% of the country's GDP , 21% of total exports, and 70% of
640-607: A new operating system for PDAs and smart mobile phones as a successor of EPOC32 . They released the Nokia 9210 Communicator running Symbian OS in 2001 and later that year created the Symbian Series 60 platform, later introducing it with their first camera phone , the Nokia 7650 . Both Nokia and Symbian eventually became the largest smartphone hardware and software maker, respectively, and in February 2004, Nokia became
720-643: A new three-digit naming system for mobile phone products and stop using letters, effectively ending the Nseries , Eseries , and short-lived Cseries . That same day the Nokia 500 was introduced with the new system. Nokia last used three-digit names on analogue phones in the 1990s. When the Lumia 920 was announced in September 2012, it was seen by the press as the first high-end Windows Phone that could challenge rivals due to its advanced feature set. Elop said that
800-502: A particular place and a particular way of life, which one believes to be the best in the world but has no wish to force upon other people. Patriotism is of its nature defensive, both militarily and culturally. Nationalism, on the other hand, is inseparable from the desire for power. The abiding purpose of every nationalist is to secure more power and more prestige, not for himself but for the nation or other unit in which he has chosen to sink his own individuality. Voltaire stated that "It
880-561: A result. Finland was now also experiencing its worst recession in living memory , and the collapse of the Soviet Union, a major customer, made matters worse. Vuorilehto quit in January 1992 and was replaced by Jorma Ollila , who had been the head of the mobile phone business from 1990 and advised against selling that division. Ollila decided to turn Nokia into a " telecom -oriented" company, and he eventually got rid of divisions like
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#1732783222877960-428: A series of poor management decisions and soon saw its share of the mobile phone market drop sharply. After a partnership with Microsoft and Nokia's subsequent market struggles, in 2014, Microsoft bought Nokia's mobile phone business, incorporating it as Microsoft Mobile . After the sale, Nokia began to focus more on its telecommunications infrastructure business and on Internet of things technologies, marked by
1040-463: A set of concepts closely related to nationalism , mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism . An excess of patriotism is called chauvinism ; another related term is jingoism . The English word "patriot" derived from "compatriot", in the 1590s, from Middle French patriote in the 15th century. The French word's compatriote and patriote originated directly from Late Latin patriota "fellow-countryman" in
1120-481: A sharp slide from the 5th place it was in 2009. Nokia's downfall in the mobile phone market has had different explanations from analysts, with many split about the CEO's decision to abandon its in-house operating system and adopting Windows Phone in 2011. Many researchers have concluded that Nokia suffered from deep internal rivalries within the management. Former employees claimed that the management became so swollen by
1200-486: A successful and innovative maker of camera phones . The Nokia 3600/3650 was the first camera phone on sale in North America in 2003. In April 2005, Nokia partnered with German camera optics maker Carl Zeiss AG . That same month, Nokia introduced the Nseries , which would become its flagship line of smartphones for the next six years. The Nokia N95 was introduced in September 2006, became highly successful, and
1280-410: A tyre producer originally formed as a division of Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, split away from Nokia Corporation in 1988. Two years later, in 1990, Finnish Rubber Works followed suit. In 1991, Nokia sold its computer division, Nokia Data, to UK -based International Computers Limited (ICL), the precursor of Fujitsu Siemens . Investors thought of this as financial trouble and Nokia's stock price sank as
1360-662: Is a public limited company listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki and New York Stock Exchange . It was the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues, according to the Fortune Global 500 , having peaked at 85th place in 2009. It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index . The company has operated in various industries over the past 150 years. It was founded as a pulp mill and had long been associated with rubber and cables , but since
1440-417: Is for 10-year-olds", stating that N-Gage is more suited to a mature audience. However, the device was a failure, unable to challenge the dominant market leader, Nintendo . Nokia attempted to revive N-Gage as a platform for their S60 smartphones, which eventually launched in 2008. In Q1 2004, Nokia's mobile phone handset market share steeply dropped to 28.9%, down from 34.6% a year earlier. However, by 2006,
1520-447: Is lamentable, that to be a good patriot one must become the enemy of the rest of mankind." Arthur Schopenhauer wrote that "The cheapest sort of pride is national pride; for if a man is proud of his own nation, it argues that he has no qualities of his own of which a person can be proud." Kōtoku Shūsui , a famous Japanese anarchist of the late 19th/early 20th century, devoted a large section of his widely read Imperialism, Monster of
1600-513: Is substantially similar but without an 802.11 WiFi chipset or W-CDMA (UMTS) 3G support. E61 supports 900/1800/1900 bands, while E62 can operate in 850/900/1800/1900 in order to support American networks. On 12 February 2007 Nokia announced the E61i as a follow-up product. The Nokia E61i is an updated version of the E61, announced on 12 February 2007 at 3GSM World Congress. The main differences over
1680-530: Is usually directed at the nation-state and more often than not coincides with " Euroscepticism ". Several surveys have tried to measure patriotism, such as the Correlates of War project which found some correlation between war propensity and patriotism. The results from different studies are time-dependent. For example, according to the project, patriotism in Germany before World War I ranked at or near
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#17327832228771760-493: The 808 PureView with a 41-megapixel sensor, in 2012; and the Lumia 920 flagship, which implemented advanced PureView technologies, in 2012. Nokia was one of the pioneers of mobile gaming due to the popularity of Snake , which came preloaded on many products. In 2002, Nokia attempted to break into the handheld gaming market with the N-Gage . Nokia's head of entertainment and media, Ilkka Raiskinen, once said, " Game Boy
1840-521: The Datasaab computer division of Swedish aircraft and car manufacturer Saab . Ericsson Information Systems made Alfaskop terminals, typewriters , minicomputers and Ericsson-branded IBM compatible PCs . The merger with Nokia's Information Systems division—which since 1981 had a line of personal computers called MikroMikko —resulted in the name Nokia Data. Nokia also acquired Mobira, a mobile radio telephone manufacturer that had been established in
1920-478: The Nasdaq Helsinki market capital . 60°13′30″N 24°45′22″E / 60.225°N 24.756°E / 60.225; 24.756 Nokia's history dates from 1865, when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill on the shores of the Tammerkoski rapids near the town of Tampere , Finland (then a Grand Duchy under Russian Empire 's rule). A second pulp mill was opened in 1868 near
2000-642: The Symbian Foundation was closing and that Nokia would take back control of the Symbian operating system under closed licensing. By now Nokia was the only remaining company using the platform, along with carrier NTT DoCoMo in Japan, after both Samsung and Sony Ericsson moved to Android . Meanwhile, in 2010 for Nokia's Linux ambitions, Nokia collaborated with Intel to form the MeeGo project, after
2080-515: The World Values Survey polls for national values and beliefs. The survey includes the question "Are you proud to be [insert nationality]?"; the answers to which range from 1 (not proud) to 4 (very proud). They then use the average answer given to create comparisons between not only nations but also high and low income citizens. In 2022, U.S. adults who said they were "extremely proud" to be an American hit an all-time low, according to
2160-454: The "patriotist" position is robust obligations to compatriots and only minimal samaritan responsibilities to foreigners. Wellman calls this position "patriotist" rather than "nationalist" to single out the members of territorial, political units rather than cultural groups. George Orwell , in his influential essay Notes on Nationalism , distinguished patriotism from the related concept of nationalism : By 'patriotism' I mean devotion to
2240-462: The 1960s, Nokia expanded into the Soviet market. It soon widened trade, ranging from automatic telephone exchanges to robotics among others; by the late 1970s, the Soviet Union became a major market for Nokia, yielding high profits. The U.S. government became increasingly concerned of the possible export of items it deemed as high technology, such as digital telephone exchanges, to the Soviet Union in
2320-728: The 1980s. This led to Finland entering the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls in 1987. This was a demonstration of Finland balancing between both sides, as it was neutral during the Cold War. In 1977, Kari Kairamo became CEO and transformed the company's businesses. By this time, Finland was becoming what has been called "Nordic Japan". Under his leadership, Nokia acquired many companies, including television maker Salora in 1984, followed by Swedish electronics and computer maker Luxor AB in 1985, and French television maker Oceanic in 1987. This made Nokia
2400-462: The 1990s has focused on large-scale telecommunications infrastructure , technology development, and licensing. Nokia made significant contributions to the mobile telephony industry, assisting in the development of the GSM , 3G , and LTE standards. For a decade beginning in 1998, Nokia was the largest worldwide vendor of mobile phones and smartphones . In the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from
2480-586: The 6th century. From Greek patriotes "fellow countryman", from patrios "of one's fathers", patris "fatherland". The term patriot was "applied to barbarians who were perceived to be either uncivilized or primitive and who had only a common Patris or fatherland." The original European meaning of patriots applied to anyone who was a fellow countryman regardless of the socio-economic status. The notions of civic virtue and group dedication can be found in cultures globally throughout history. For Enlightenment thinkers of 18th-century Europe, loyalty to
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2560-727: The E61 include: Nokia Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunications , information technology , and consumer electronics corporation, originally established as a pulp mill in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo , Finland, in the Helsinki metropolitan area , but the company's actual roots are in the Tampere region of Pirkanmaa . In 2020, Nokia employed approximately 92,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion. Nokia
2640-514: The Enlightenment thinkers who saw patriotism and faith as similar and opposed forces. Michael Billig and Jean Bethke Elshtain both argued that the difference between patriotism and faith is difficult to discern and relies largely on the attitude of the one doing the labeling. Christopher Heath Wellman , professor of philosophy at Washington University in St. Louis , says a popular view of
2720-601: The Microsoft alliance and under Elop's management, Nokia also had a renewed focus on the North American market where Nokia phones were, in stark contrast to the rest of the world, almost irrelevant for many years. This strategy began in January 2012 with the introduction of the Nokia Lumia 900 smartphone in partnership with U.S. carrier AT&T . In March 2011, Nokia introduced a new corporate typeface called "Pure". On 1 August 2011, Nokia announced that it would adopt
2800-488: The Nokia Siemens Networks joint venture for $ 2.2 billion, turning it into a wholly owned subsidiary called Nokia Solutions and Networks, until being rebranded as Nokia Networks soon after. During Nokia's financial struggles, its profitable networking division with Siemens provided much of its income; thus, the purchase proved to be positive, particularly after the sale of its mobile devices unit. After
2880-914: The Nokia board green-lit him the ability to change the company's mobile phones strategy, including changing operating systems. Veteran Anssi Vanjoki , head of the smartphones division, left the company around this time. His final appearance was at Nokia World 2010 when the Nokia E7-00 and other Symbian^3 devices were introduced. On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a "strategic partnership" with Microsoft , under which it would adopt Windows Phone 7 as its primary operating system on smartphones, and integrate its services and platforms with its own, including Bing as search engine, and integration of Nokia Maps data into Bing Maps . Elop stated that Nokia chose not to use Android because of an apparent inability to "differentiate" its offerings, with critics also noting that his past ties to Microsoft may have also influenced
2960-548: The Nokia brand was "valuable" but "is diminishing in value, and that's why it is important that we reverse that trend very quickly, imminently". The next day, Nokia unveiled the N1 , an Android tablet manufactured by Foxconn , as its first product following the Microsoft sale. Haidamus emphasized that devices released under these licensing agreements would be held to high standards in production quality, and would "look and feel just like Nokia built it". Nokia CEO Rajeev Suri stated that
3040-535: The Twentieth Century to a condemnation of patriotism. One of the many arguments is based on the Confucian value of empathy: "I am as convinced as Mencius that any man would rush without hesitation to rescue a child who was about to fall into a well... A human being moved by such selfless love and charity does not pause to think whether the child is a family member or a close relative. When he rescues
3120-486: The acquisition products were sold under the "ITT Nokia" brand, despite SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the predecessor of Alcatel , in 1986. In 1987, Kaapelitehdas discontinued production of cables at its Helsinki factory after 44 years, effectively shutting down the sub-company. On 1 April 1988, Nokia bought the Information Systems division of Ericsson , which had originated as
3200-605: The child from danger, he does not even ask himself whether the child is his own or belongs to another." Patriotism is used to dehumanize others whom we would naturally have empathy for. He argues, "[P]atriotism is a discriminating and arbitrary sentiment confined to those who belong to a single nation-state or live together within common national borders", a sentiment cultivated and used by militarists in their drive for war. Marxists have taken various stances regarding patriotism. On one hand, Karl Marx famously stated that "The working men have no country" and that "the supremacy of
3280-454: The company planned to re-enter the mobile phone business in this manner in 2016, following the expiration of its non-compete clause with Microsoft. Patriotism Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to a country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass
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3360-563: The company was steadily gaining again and in Q4 2007 reached its all-time high figure of 40.4%. Its smartphone market share in that quarter was 51%. Nokia was the largest vendor at the time in all regions bar North America . Nokia launched mobile TV trials in 2005 in Finland with content provided by public broadcaster Yle . The services are based on the DVB-H standard. It could be viewed with
3440-520: The company's new Internet services, which included the N-Gage platform and the Nokia Music Store . The Ovi Store faced stiff competition from Apple 's App Store when it was introduced in 2008. In October 2008, Nokia announced the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic , the first device to ship with the new touch-centric S60 5th Edition, also known as Symbian^1, the first iteration of the platform since
3520-530: The company's stock price fell below $ 2. CEO Elop announced cost-cutting measures in June by shedding 10,000 employees by the end of the year and the closure of the Salo manufacturing plant. The Finnish prime minister also announced that the government wouldn't subsidize the company from an emergency state fund. Around this time Nokia started a new project codenamed " Meltemi ", a platform for low-end smartphones. With
3600-566: The computer market with the Booklet 3G netbook in August 2009. In late 2009 and in 2010, the music-focused Xseries and consumer-focused Cseries were introduced respectively. In April 2010 Nokia introduced its next flagship mobile device, the Nokia N8 , which would be the first to run on Symbian . However it was delayed for many months which tarnished the company's image, especially after
3680-555: The creation of the Symbian Foundation. In November 2008, Nokia announced it would end mobile phone sales in Japan because of low market share. Nokia's global mobile phone market share peaked in 2008 at 38.6 percent. The same year, Nokia announced the acquisition of Trolltech and its Qt software development. Qt was a central part of Nokia's strategy until 2011, and it was eventually sold in 2012. Nokia briefly returned to
3760-404: The deal as rationally correct (in the best interests of Nokia shareholders), but emotionally difficult – experts agree that Nokia would have been in a cash crisis had it not sold the division to Microsoft. Analysts believe that Ballmer pushed for the buyout because of fears that Nokia was close to adopting Android and abandoning their alliance with Microsoft. Indeed, in January 2014 the Nokia X
3840-596: The decision. Although the MeeGo "Harmattan"-based N9 was met with a highly positive reception in 2011, Nokia had already decided to end development on MeeGo and solely focus on its Microsoft partnership, although the CEO said that the N9's "innovations" will live on in the future, which eventually made their way on the Asha platform in 2013. After the announcement of the Microsoft partnership, Nokia's market share deteriorated; this
3920-404: The divestiture of its Here mapping division and the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent , including its Bell Labs research organization. The company then also experimented with virtual reality and digital health , the latter through the purchase of Withings . The Nokia brand returned to the mobile and smartphone market in 2016 through a licensing arrangement with HMD . Nokia continues to be
4000-498: The division making displays for personal computers. On 26 April 2001, Nokia partnered with Telefónica to supply DSL modems and routers in Spain. In 1997, Nokia established a joint venture with Brazilian electronics firm Gradient where they were granted the license to manufacture variants of Nokia mobile phones locally under the Nokia and Gradient brand names. In 1998, Nokia cofounded Symbian Ltd. , led by Psion , to create
4080-555: The division was merged into Nokia-Mobira Oy. The brand continued to be used for televisions until 1995. On 12 June 1996, Nokia announced the sale of its television business to Canada/Hong Kong-based Semi-Tech Corporation . The television manufacturing plant in Germany closed down in September 1996. The sale included a factory in Turku and the rights to use the Nokia, Finlux , Luxor , Salora , Schaub-Lorenz , and Oceanic brands until
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#17327832228774160-414: The early success that they grew complacent over time. Some from the Symbian developing team have claimed that the company's upper management rejected hundreds of potential innovations during the 2000s that they proposed, including entirely rewriting Symbian's code. One former Nokia employee claimed that the company was run as a " Soviet -style bureaucracy ". In July 2013, Nokia bought Siemens ' stake in
4240-422: The electricity supply, and the cable company soon did too. Nokia at the time also made respirators for both civilian and military use, from the 1930s well into the early 1990s. In 1967, the three companies – Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, and Finnish Rubber Works – merged to create a new Nokia Corporation, restructured into four major businesses: forestry, cable, rubber, and electronics. In the early 1970s, it entered
4320-545: The end of 1999. Some of these brands were later sold to other companies. Nokia was the first to launch digital satellite receivers in the UK, announced in March 1997. In August 1997, Nokia introduced the first digital satellite receiver with Common Interface (CI) support. In 1998, Nokia became the chosen supplier to produce the world's first digital terrestrial television set-top boxes by British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), which
4400-418: The excess of patriotism. In 1774, Samuel Johnson published The Patriot , a critique of what he viewed as false patriotism. On the evening of 7 April 1775, he made the famous statement, "Patriotism is the last refuge of the scoundrel". James Boswell , who reported this comment in his Life of Johnson , does not provide context for the quote, and it has therefore been argued that Johnson was in fact attacking
4480-449: The executive board regarded as akin to James Bond 's gadgets: improbably futuristic and niche devices. After all these acquisitions, Nokia's revenue base became US$ 2.7 billion. CEO Kairamo killed himself on 11 December 1988. Following Simo Vuorilehto 's appointment as CEO, a major restructuring was planned. With 11 groups within the company, Vuorilehto divested industrial units he deemed as un-strategic. Nokian Tyres ( Nokian Renkaat ),
4560-431: The failure of its previous flagship N97 and tougher competition from Apple and the rising Google . On 10 September 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was fired as CEO and it was announced that Stephen Elop from Microsoft would take Nokia's CEO position, becoming the first non-Finnish director in Nokia's history. It was claimed that investors pressed Nokia's board to recruit an outsider to shake up management and break from
4640-435: The first GSM network with Siemens , the predecessor to Nokia Siemens Network . The world's first GSM call was made by Finnish prime minister Harri Holkeri on 1 July 1991, using Nokia equipment on the 900 MHz band network built by Nokia and operated by Radiolinja . In November 1992, the Nokia 1011 launched, making it the first commercially available GSM mobile phone. Salora Oy as a Nokia subsidiary ended in 1989 when
4720-558: The fortune of being born on some particular spot, consider themselves better, nobler, grander, and more intelligent than the living beings inhabiting any other spot. It is, therefore, the duty of everyone living in that chosen spot to fight, kill, and die in an attempt to impose his superiority upon all the others. In the European Union , thinkers such as Jürgen Habermas have advocated a " Euro-patriotism ", but patriotism in Europe
4800-414: The largest shareholder of Symbian Ltd. Nokia acquired the entire company in June 2008 and then formed the Symbian Foundation as its successor. In 1998 alone, the company had sales revenue of $ 20 billion, making $ 2.6 billion profit. By 2000, Nokia employed over 55,000 people and had a market share of 30% in the mobile phone market, almost twice as large as its nearest competitor, Motorola . The company
4880-432: The merger of Nokia's own Maemo and Intel's Moblin . Nokia's Symbian platform that had been the leading smartphone platform in Europe and Asia for many years was quickly becoming outdated and difficult for developers after the advent of iOS and Android. To counter this, Nokia planned to make their MeeGo Linux operating system, under development, the company's flagship on smartphones. Shortly after Elop's CEO tenure began,
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#17327832228774960-601: The neighboring town of Nokia , where there were better hydropower resources. In 1871, Idestam, together with a friend Leo Mechelin , formed a shared company and called it Nokia Ab (in Swedish , Nokia Company being the English equivalent), after the site of the second pulp mill. Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the company's chairman; he expanded into electricity generation by 1902, which Idestam had opposed. In 1904, Suomen Gummitehdas ( Finnish Rubber Works ),
5040-577: The networking and radio industries. Nokia started making military equipment for Finland's defence forces ( Puolustusvoimat ), such as the Sanomalaite M/90 communicator in 1983, and the M61 gas mask first developed in the 1960s. Nokia was now also making professional mobile radios , telephone switches , capacitors and chemicals . After Finland's trade agreement with the Soviet Union in
5120-426: The positive reaction to it had created a sense of hope and optimism in the company. The company was also making gains in developing countries with its Asha series, which were selling strongly. Although Nokia's smartphone sales and market share greatly increased throughout 2013, including in the North American market, it was still not enough to avoid financial losses. Ollila stepped down as chairman on 4 May 2012 and
5200-546: The power business. This strategy proved to be very successful, and the company grew rapidly in the following years. Nokia's operating profit went from negative in 1991 to $ 1 billion in 1995 and almost $ 4 billion by 1999. Nokia's first fully portable mobile phone after the Mobira Senator was the Mobira Cityman 900 in 1987. Nokia assisted in the development of the GSM mobile standard in the 1980s and developed
5280-435: The preservation of their traditional culture and encourage cultural assimilation by people from other cultures. However, some of the more civic forms of patriotism tend to de-emphasize ethnic culture in favor of a shared political culture . Patriotism may be strengthened by adherence to a national religion (a civil religion or even a theocracy ). This is the opposite of the separation of church and state demanded by
5360-497: The proletariat will cause [national differences] to vanish still faster." The same view is promoted by present-day Trotskyists such as Alan Woods , who is "in favor of tearing down all frontiers and creating a socialist world commonwealth." On the other hand, Marxist-Leninists and Maoists are usually in favor of socialist patriotism based on the theory of socialism in one country . Against primordial arguments in favour of national patriotism, Eric Hobsbawm wrote that such
5440-507: The sale of its mobile devices division, Nokia focused on network equipment through Nokia Networks . In October 2014, Nokia and China Mobile signed a US$ 970 million framework deal for delivery between 2014 and 2015. On 17 November 2014, Nokia Technologies head Ramzi Haidamus disclosed that the company planned to re-enter the consumer electronics business as an original design manufacturer , licensing in-house hardware designs and technologies to third-party manufacturers. Haidamus stated that
5520-461: The state was chiefly considered in contrast to loyalty to the Church . It was argued that clerics should not be allowed to teach in public schools since their patrie was heaven, so they could not inspire a love of the homeland in their students. One of the most influential proponents of this notion of patriotism was Jean-Jacques Rousseau . Enlightenment thinkers also criticized what they saw as
5600-487: The successor to Nokia's mobile devices division. Nokia also moved from its headquarters to another building complex located at Karaportti. At the time, Ballmer himself was retiring as Microsoft CEO and was replaced by Satya Nadella , who opposed the Nokia mobile phones purchase, along with chairman Bill Gates . The purchased assets from Nokia were eventually written-off by Microsoft in 2015. By 2014, Nokia's global brand value according to Interbrand fell to 98th place,
5680-451: The third-largest television manufacturer of Europe (behind Philips and Thomson ). The existing brands continued to be used until the end of the television business in 1996. In 1987, Nokia acquired Schaub-Lorenz, the consumer operations of Germany's Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), which included its "Schaub-Lorenz" and "Graetz" brands. It was originally part of American conglomerate International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT), and after
5760-506: The top . According to a study by the Identity Foundation, 60% of Germans were proud of their country in 2009. According to Statista , the figure was as high as 83%. In a 2020 Pew Research Center survey, 53% of participants surveyed in Germany said they were proud of their country, the highest figure among the nations surveyed ( France (45 %), United Kingdom (41 %), United States (39 %)). Since 1981 ,
5840-467: The traditional "Nokia way". Ollila had also announced that he would step down as Nokia chairman by 2012. On 11 March 2011 Nokia announced that it had paid Elop a $ 6 million signing bonus as "compensation for lost income from his prior employer", on top of his $ 1.4 million annual salary. The old Symbian OS became completely open-source in February 2010. However, in November 2010 it was announced that
5920-507: The widescreen Nokia 7710 smartphone with a special accessory enabling it to receive DVB-H signals. Nokia partnered with Arqiva and O2 to launch trials in the UK in September 2005. In 2005, Nokia developed a Linux -based operating system called Maemo , which shipped that year on the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet . On 1 June 2006, Jorma Ollila became the company's chairman and retired as CEO, replaced by Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo . In August 2007, Nokia introduced Ovi , an umbrella name for
6000-536: Was also awarded "best mobile imaging device" in Europe in 2007. Its successor the N82 featured a xenon flash, which helped it win the award of "best mobile imaging" device in Europe in 2008. The N93 in 2006 was known for its specialized camcorder and the twistable design that switches between clamshell and a camcorder-like position. They were also well known for the N8 with a high-resolution 12-megapixel sensor, in 2010;
6080-519: Was due to demand for Symbian dropping when consumers realized Nokia's focus and attention would be elsewhere. The company posted a large loss for the second quarter of 2011 – only their second quarterly loss in 19 years. Nokia's first Windows Phone flagship was the Lumia 800 , which arrived in November 2011. Falling sales in 2011, which were not being improved significantly with the Lumia line in 2012, led to consecutive quarters of huge losses. By mid-2012
6160-501: Was eventually launched as ONdigital . In October 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to become the best-selling mobile phone brand and in December, manufactured its 100 millionth mobile phone. A major reason why Nokia grew against its main competitors Motorola and Ericsson was that it managed to cater to the consumer youth market and fashion-oriented consumers, most significantly with the Nokia 5110 and 3210 handsets, which featured
6240-502: Was introduced which ran on a customised version of Android. It was a surprising and somewhat odd launch coming just weeks away from the finalization of the Microsoft buyout. Others, including Ballmer's successor Satya Nadella , felt that Microsoft thought merging their software teams with Nokia's hardware engineering and designs would "accelerate" growth of Windows Phone. The sale was completed in April 2014, with Microsoft Mobile becoming
6320-427: Was operating in 140 countries as of 1999. It was reported at the time that some people believed Nokia to be a Japanese company. Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's turnover increased fivefold, from €6.5 billion to €31 billion. Meanwhile, a Reader's Digest survey held near end 2000 showed that Nokia was the "most trusted brand in Europe", ranking better than Sony, Canon, and Nivea. The company would then be known as
6400-399: Was replaced by Risto Siilasmaa. In September 2013, Nokia announced the sale of its mobile and devices division to Microsoft. The sale was positive for Nokia to avoid further negative financial figures, as well as for Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer , who wanted Microsoft to produce more hardware and turn it into a devices and services company. The Nokia chairperson, Risto Siilasmaa, described
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