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50-723: The East Midlands Electricity Board ( EMEB ) was formed in 1947 as one of the United Kingdom's twelve area electricity boards specified under the Electricity Act 1947 . In 1990 it was floated on the stock market as East Midlands Electricity plc , which went through several changes of ownership. The board covered a large area: from Chesterfield in Derbyshire , to Newport Pagnell (near modern-day Milton Keynes ), in Buckinghamshire , and from Coventry in

100-536: A New York State utility. In October 2002, National Grid Group merged with Lattice Group , owner of the Transco gas distribution business (Lattice had demerged from BG Group in 2000). National Grid Group changed its name to National Grid Transco plc. It sold the telecoms business 186K Ltd. which was acquired as part of the merger with Lattice Group for a nominal £1 to Hutchison Whampoa in December 2002. In 2004,

150-514: A consortium of US companies GPU and Cinergy, after a bid by Powergen was blocked by government. The electricity retail business was sold to National Power in 1999 and continues under the Npower brand. The distribution business that remained was purchased by Powergen in 2004 and merged with that of East Midlands Electricity to form Central Networks. In 2011 the combined operation was sold and became part of Western Power Distribution . Formerly

200-618: A number of subsidiary companies. National Grid Electricity Transmission plc (until 2005, named National Grid Company) owns and maintains the National Grid , the 275kV and 400kV electricity transmission network in England and Wales . (The electricity transmission network in Scotland is owned by ScottishPower in central and southern Scotland, and SSE plc in northern Scotland). Other subsidiaries part-own (with RTE ) and operate

250-641: A replacement sub-station in Wimbledon , to be completed in phases between 2018 and 2022, was their first tender to include a weighting on carbon. Laing O’Rourke was awarded the winning bid, having demonstrated plans to reduce carbon emissions by 23% along with a £3m cost saving. Their carbon saving proposal equated to taking 7,600 cars off the road for a year. As of 2019 , National Grid United States operates 8,881 miles (14,293 km) of electricity transmission and 35,560 miles (57,230 km) of gas transmission and delivers electricity and natural gas to areas of

300-617: A secondary listing in the form of its American depositary receipts on the New York Stock Exchange . Before 1990, both the generation and transmission activities in England and Wales were under the responsibility of the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). The present electricity market in the United Kingdom was built upon the breakup of the CEGB into four separate companies in

350-682: A year in infrastructure in the United States, having increased its investments into "cleaner, greener technologies" in the previous few years. Examples of projects include an offshore wind farm in Rhode Island, and a battery storage project in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Also in 2019, the company spent $ 100 million to acquire solar and wind generation from Geronimo Energy, in partnership with Washington State Investment Board. Contract negotiations with Massachusetts gas workers represented by

400-569: A zero carbon electricity system by 2025. At the time of its announcement, National Grid was the largest energy company based in the United Kingdom to join the alliance, according to publicly available financial figures of 2018. Later in the year, the company moved ownership of its operations in the United Kingdom to Luxembourg and Hong Kong, to protect itself from Labour 's nationalisation plans. A spokesman said, "Labour's proposals for state ownership of National Grid would be highly detrimental to millions of ordinary people who either hold shares in

450-616: A £630 million buyout of its grid operation division by the government of the United Kingdom . National Grid purchased the UK's largest (by area) electricity distribution business, Western Power Distribution , from American utility company PPL in 2021. Western Power Distribution operates the electricity distribution system within the Midlands, South West and Wales, looking after the 132, 66, 33, 11, 6.6kV and LV networks comprising substations, overhead lines and underground cables. In September 2022,

500-513: Is part of Western Power Distribution and the retail business is part of EDF Energy . Formerly the Southern Electricity Board , the company merged with Scottish Hydro-Electric plc to form Scottish & Southern Energy in 1998. During 2020, SSE's retail business was sold to Ovo Energy . The distribution network remains part of SSE plc and now trades under the name Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks. Formerly

550-471: The Central Electricity Generating Board had been responsible for the generation and transmission of electricity, with the twelve area electricity boards ( AEBs ) formed under the Electricity Act 1947 responsible for the distribution and supply of electricity to consumers. In Scotland the structure was different, with all aspects of generation, transmission, distribution and supply being carried out by two vertically integrated companies. On 31 March 1990

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600-638: The Merseyside and North Wales Electricity Board . Manweb plc was acquired by Scottish Power in 1995. Scottish Power was in turn acquired by the Spanish energy utility Iberdrola during 2017, although it continues to use Scottish Power branding on domestic sales of gas and electricity. The DNO for the area is SP Manweb plc, a subsidiary of SP Energy Networks. Formerly the Midlands Electricity Board . Originally acquired in 1996 by

650-588: The North Eastern Electricity Board . The electricity distribution business is operated by CE Electric UK , a subsidiary of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company . The successor company to the retail supply business is npower UK . Formerly the North Western Electricity Board . Merged with North West Water in 1995 to form United Utilities , the electricity businesses of which were subsequently sold, with

700-658: The Northeastern United States , where as well as operating transmission networks, the company produces and supplies electricity and gas, providing both to customers in New York and Massachusetts . National Grid plc is one of the largest investor-owned utility companies in the world; it has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index , and

750-651: The South Eastern Electricity Board . Owned by UK Power Networks along with Eastern Electricity and London Electricity. It markets to the public as part of CK Infrastructure Holdings (CKI). Formerly the South Wales Electricity Board , later known as SWALEC . The business was purchased by Welsh Water in 1996, but the company formed as a result - Hyder plc - soon encountered serious financial difficulties which led to its break-up. The electricity retail business

800-750: The United Steelworkers broke down in June 2018, and the company locked out more than 1,000 employees, cutting off healthcare and pay. In November 2019, the company squabbled with New York Governor Andrew Cuomo over the company's own moratorium on new natural gas hookups. Cuomo threatened "to revoke the company’s authority to operate its gas franchise in New York City and Long Island, for failing to provide customers with reliable service," according to Utility Dive . Later, in February 2020, it

850-669: The Yorkshire Electricity Board . Sold to Innogy (now npower) in 2001, and to the German utility RWE the following year. Now RWE npower , but most domestic marketing is under the npower brand. National Grid plc National Grid plc is a British multinational electricity and gas utility company headquartered in London, England. Its principal activities are in the United Kingdom, where it owns and operates electricity and natural gas transmission networks, and in

900-595: The 1980s, the electricity boards were required to supply the lines passing through their territory with electricity direct from the National Grid. The amount of electricity, in GWh, sold by East Midlands Electricity Board was: In 1987, the Conservatives ’ election manifesto committed the party to further privatisation of nationalised industries, and the electricity industry was to be one of these. In March 1990,

950-478: The 1990s. Its generation (or upstream) activities were transferred to three generating companies — PowerGen , National Power , and Nuclear Electric (later British Energy , eventually EDF Energy )—and its transmission (or downstream) activities to the National Grid Company. In 1990, the transmission activities of the CEGB were transferred to the National Grid Company plc, which was owned by

1000-758: The 2,000 Megawatt HVDC Cross-Channel interconnector to France, and part-own (with TenneT ) the 1,000 Megawatt BritNed HVDC interconnector to the Netherlands. National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO) operates the electricity transmission networks in England and Wales and Scotland in its role as the transmission system operator for Great Britain, working to balance supply and demand in real time, as well as coordinating markets and auctions which ensure sufficient future supply, and exploring initiatives such as demand-side response measures to reduce peaks in electricity demand. Rulings by Ofgem in 2017 required

1050-636: The AEBs were changed into independent regional electricity companies ( RECs ) and the CEGB was split into four, three generation companies and the National Grid Company , operator of the National Grid . The National Grid Company was placed under the ownership of the RECs. On 11 December 1990 the RECs were privatised. In 2000, as part of further restructuring under the Utilities Act 2000 ,

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1100-533: The British gas distribution sector were divested between 2017 and 2019 and now operate under the Cadent Gas brand. National Grid Property Portfolio houses all land, offices and depots used for National Grid operations that are surplus to requirements or let to third parties. National Grid has issued invitations to tender which include carbon savings as one of the weighted evaluation factors. Development of

1150-630: The ESO function to be moved to a separate subsidiary, which began trading in April 2019. In 2021, Ofgem called for the creation of a fully independent operator in view of potential conflicts of interest from NG's ownership of the transmission network, and in 2022 the UK government confirmed that a fully independent public body – the Future System Operator (FSO), covering electricity and gas – would be established. Legislative provisions enabling

1200-559: The Northeast states of Massachusetts , New York , and Rhode Island . The business serves over 20 million customers in the three states and is headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts , in a 300,000-square-foot (28,000 m ) green facility . This subsidiary carries out its business through a number of subsidiary companies (all doing business as "National Grid"). The main ones are: As of 2019 , National Grid invests over $ 3.5 billion

1250-602: The PES were required to have separate licences for their supply business and distribution network, which were renamed distribution network operators (DNOs). The Scottish boards were privatised whole in 1991 with the exception of the nuclear plants, which passed to Scottish Nuclear and were later privatised as part of British Energy . Key to Diagram      Formerly the East Midlands Electricity Board . Acquired by Powergen in 1998, which

1300-463: The UK gas transmission business. These transactions are subject to shareholder and regulatory approval. Separately, the company is to commence a process to sell a majority stake in its National Grid Gas distribution network. In 2022, National Grid announced plans to divest a 60% stake in its UK gas transmission and metering business to a consortium including Macquarie Asset Management and British Columbia Investment Management Corporation . The deal

1350-439: The acquisition of New England Gas Company, a Rhode Island subsidiary of Southern Union Company . The acquisitions of the two natural gas delivery companies doubled the size of National Grid's American subsidiary, creating the second largest utility in the United States with more than 8 million customers. The acquisition of KeySpan was completed on 24 August 2007, following government and regulatory approval and endorsement by

1400-524: The board became East Midlands Electricity plc, a new regional electricity company. In December 1990 it floated on the stock market. Although operations continued as usual for a few years, the business began to be separated and broken up. The electricity showroom and sales business merged with those of other companies into the Powerhouse chain, in 1994/5. In November 1995, the company split into three divisions of distribution, metering and supply. The company

1450-668: The board were: Chairman A.N. Todd (1964) A. H. Kenyon (1967), Deputy Chairman A. H. Kenyon (1964) P. Sydney (1967), full-time members J. A. MacKerrell (1964, 1967) R. A. York (1967). The board was required to supply electricity to homes and businesses, as regulated by the Act, and under terms of reference from the Electricity Council and the CEGB . In many towns, the board opened showrooms, to provide customer service facilities such as paying bills, as well as demonstrating and supplying

1500-439: The company or through their pension funds." The Labour Party said the "rip off" move showed the grid needed to be in public hands. In March 2021, National Grid announced it intended to purchase Western Power Distribution from PPL Corporation for £7.8 billion, and sell its Rhode Island gas and electricity network, Narragansett Electric Company, to PPL for about £2.7 billion. National Grid will also sell its majority ownership of

1550-405: The company should be split up. In December 2016, National Grid agreed to sell a 61% stake in its gas distribution business to a consortium of Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets, Allianz Capital Partners , Hermes Investment Management , CIC Capital Corporation, Qatar Investment Authority , Dalmore Capital and Amber Infrastructure Limited, with a further 14% stake under negotiation. The sale

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1600-491: The company was found liable for a gas explosion in Transco plc v HM Advocate and subsequently fined £15 million. In August 2004, National Grid Transco agreed to sell four of its regional gas distribution networks for a total cash consideration of £5.8 billion. NGT kept ownership of four other distribution networks, which make up almost half of Great Britain's gas distribution network. In July 2005, National Grid Transco

1650-611: The company was renamed to National Grid Electricity Distribution. National Grid formerly owned National Gas (previously National Grid Gas), which owns and operates the gas transmission system in Great Britain and gas metering operations in the UK. National Grid disposed of its final 20% holding in National Gas in July 2024, with the divestment expected to complete in the first quarter of 2025. National Grid's interests in

1700-604: The creation of the FSO were included in the Energy Act 2023 . In January 2024, it was announced that the body taking on the system operator functions was to be a "new, independent public corporation" named the National Energy System Operator (NESO). NESO is expected to assume responsibility as transmission system operator for Great Britain from National Grid on 1 October 2024, after the latter agreed

1750-620: The latest electrical goods to customers. The total number of customers supplied by the Board was: The post-war period was one of fast growth for the electricity industry. The pre-war National Grid system was vastly expanded, and many new power stations were opened across the region. One major customer was British Rail : when the West Coast Main Line was electrified in the 1960s, and the East Coast Main Line in

1800-503: The retail supply arm of Norweb becoming part of TXU Energi (now part of E.On ) and the distribution network becoming Electricity North West . The North of Scotland Hydro Board became Scottish Hydro-Electric plc before merging with Southern Electric to form Scottish & Southern Energy (later trading simply as 'SSE') in 1998. During 2020, SSE's retail business was sold to Ovo Energy . The distribution networks in Scotland and

1850-563: The shareholders of the two companies. In May 2007, National Grid formed a joint venture with the Dutch transmission operator TenneT for a 260-kilometre (160 mi) 1,000 MW BritNed DC link between the Isle of Grain in Kent and Maasvlakte , near Rotterdam . The installation of the first section of cable link started on 11 September 2009, and the entire 260 km (160 mi) cable

1900-437: The south of England remain part of SSE plc and now trade under the name Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks. The South of Scotland Electricity Board became Scottish Power plc. In 2007 it was acquired by the Spanish energy utility Iberdrola , although it continues to use Scottish Power branding on domestic sales of gas and electricity. Its DNO subsidiary is SP Distribution plc, under SP Energy Networks. Formerly

1950-508: The twelve regional electricity companies (RECs) through a holding company , National Grid Group plc. The company was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in December 1995. With the beginning of the new millennium, National Grid pursued mergers and international acquisitions. In March 2000, National Grid Group acquired United States companies New England Electric System and Eastern Utilities Associates. In January 2002, National Grid Group acquired Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation ,

2000-538: The west to Skegness in the east. The organisation's headquarters were at Mapperley Hall in Mapperley Park , Nottingham in the 1960s, then on Coppice Road in Arnold , a suburb of the city. The board was responsible for the purchase of electricity from the electricity generator (the Central Electricity Generating Board from 1958) and its distribution and sale of electricity to customers. The key people on

2050-472: Was bought by Dominion Resources for £1.3bn in December 1996. In September 1998, EME's distribution and supply business was bought by Powergen for £1.9bn, ensuring the business remained vertically integrated . The EME brand was not replaced until 1999, although the distribution business continued under the EME brand until it merged with Central Networks in 2004. Electricity board In England and Wales

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2100-549: Was completed in October 2010. The interconnection became operational on 1 April 2011, and by January 2012, electricity flow had mostly been from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom. The BritNed interconnection would serve as a vital link for the foreseeable European super grid project. In the spring of 2011, National Grid sold off its services in New Hampshire , after their request to increase gas and electric rates

2150-451: Was completed on 31 January 2023, forming a new entity named National Gas. The deal was worth around £2.2 billion for National Grid. In July 2023, it was announced that Macquarie acquired a further 20% stake in National Gas, taking its holding to 80%, in a deal worth a further £700 million. The Macquarie-led consortium has the option to buy the final 20% of the company on comparable terms between May and July next year. National Grid plc has

2200-633: Was completed on 31 March 2017, following clearance by the European Commission , and the resulting company was named Cadent Gas . National Grid disposed of its remaining 39% holding in Cadent Gas in June 2019. In July 2019, National Grid's Electricity System Operator arm, separately from its Electricity Transmission arm, announced its intent to join the Powering Past Coal Alliance , furthering its goal of becoming

2250-629: Was denied. In November 2015, it was announced that Steve Holliday , the CEO for ten years, would leave in March 2016 and that John Pettigrew , its executive director who joined National Grid twenty five years earlier, would succeed him. In June 2016, the Energy Select Committee argued that the company faced too many conflicts of interest, particularly with regard to its ownership of international interconnectors. The committee proposed that

2300-461: Was discovered that the company was constructing a new natural gas transmission line in Brooklyn from Brownsville to Greenpoint. Local activists have pushed back on the project questioning its necessity, safety, additional cost to customers and noting how it will work against the recently enacted New York State Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act. In the years 2012 to 2020, National Grid

2350-512: Was initially sold to British Energy in June 1999 and then again in 2000 to Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE plc). During 2020, SSE's retail business was sold to Ovo Energy . The distribution network was ultimately acquired by Western Power Distribution during September 2000. Formerly the South Western Electricity Board , it was acquired by London Electricity (owned by EDF) in 1999. The distribution business

2400-606: Was itself taken over by multinational E.ON in 2002. The retail supply business continues to operate as E.ON UK . After Powergen also acquired MEB in 2004, the two distribution networks were merged under the Central Networks name. The combined network was sold in 2011 and is now part of Western Power Distribution . Formerly the Eastern Electricity Board . Acquired by Hanson plc in 1995. Demerged from Hanson as part of The Energy Group , which

2450-745: Was later sold to the US firm Texas Utilities and became TXU Energi, part of TXU Europe. In 2002 it was sold to Powergen, which was subsequently acquired by the German utility company E.On , and the operations were rebranded in 2004. The distribution business was owned by EDF. Now owned by UK Power Networks along with London Electricity and SEEBOARD. Formerly the London Electricity Board . Acquired by US-based Entergy in 1996 for £1.3bn ($ 2.1bn). Acquired by EDF International in 1998, which merged it with SEEBOARD and Eastern Electricity to form EDF Energy . Now owned by UK Power Networks . Formerly

2500-432: Was renamed National Grid plc. On 26 July 2005, National Grid Company was renamed National Grid Electricity Transmission plc, and on 10 October 2005, Transco was renamed National Grid Gas plc. In February 2006, National Grid announced that it had agreed to buy KeySpan Corporation, a gas distributor and electricity producer in the United States, for $ 7.3bn (£4.1bn) in cash. Around the same time, National Grid also announced

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