Private universities and private colleges are higher education institutions not operated, owned, or institutionally funded by governments . However, they often receive tax breaks , public student loans, and government grants. Depending on the country, private universities may be subject to government regulations. Private universities may be contrasted with public universities and national universities which are either operated, owned and or institutionally funded by governments. Additionally, many private universities operate as nonprofit organizations .
188-642: Emory University is a private research university in Atlanta , Georgia, United States. It was founded in 1836 as Emory College by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory . Its main campus is in the Druid Hills neighborhood, three miles (five kilometers) from downtown Atlanta . Emory is composed of nine undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools and enrolls nearly 16,000 students from
376-539: A 10-institution national team developing improved therapeutics and vaccines for multiple strains of Ebola virus . In 2015, Emory received a three-year, $ 2.2 million grant from the CDC to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, including Ebola, in health-care facilities. In 2015, Emory and Georgia Tech were awarded an $ 8.3 million grant by the NIH to establish a National Exposure Assessment Laboratory. The laboratory will research
564-583: A 60% increase since the establishment of HEC in 2002. The HEC digital library now provides access to over 20,000 leading research journals, covering about 75% of the world's peer-reviewed scientific journals. Until 1991, there were only two recognized private universities in Pakistan: Aga Khan University , established in 1983, and Lahore University of Management Sciences , established in 1985. By 1997, there were 10 private universities. From 2001–2002, this number had doubled to 20. Among
752-497: A Confederate sympathizer that his order had been compromised, frantically moved to concentrate his army. He chose not to abandon his invasion and return to Virginia yet, because Jackson had not completed the capture of Harpers Ferry. He also feared the effect on Confederate morale if he gave up his campaign with only the capture of Harpers Ferry to show for it. Instead, he chose to make a stand at Sharpsburg, Maryland . On September 16, McClellan confronted Lee near Sharpsburg, defending
940-512: A John Lewis Chair in Civil Rights and Social Justice. The gift, given anonymously, funds a professorship which will enable Emory Law to conduct a national search for a scholar with an established academic profile of distinction and a demonstrated desire to promote the rule of law through the study of civil rights. The law school has committed to raise an additional $ 500,000 to fund the chair fully. In November 1979, Emory University experienced
1128-573: A Union assault and he organized a withdrawal during the night of May 3–4. During the campaign, the Union Army also seized Hampton Roads and occupied Norfolk . As the Union forces chased withdrawing Confederate forces up the Peninsula (northwest) in the direction of Richmond, the inconclusive single-day Battle of Williamsburg took place at and around Fort Magruder , one mile (1.5 km) east of
1316-463: A Union assault, Longstreet's wing of 28,000 men counterattacked in the largest simultaneous mass assault of the war. The Union left flank was crushed and the army driven back to Bull Run. Only an effective Union rearguard action prevented a replay of the First Bull Run disaster. Pope's retreat to Centreville was precipitous, nonetheless. The next day, Lee ordered his army in pursuit. Making
1504-621: A call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion, which immediately caused the secession of four additional states, including Virginia. The United States Army had only around 16,000 men, with more than half spread out in the West . The army was commanded by the elderly Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott , veteran of the War of 1812 and the Mexican–American War . On the Confederate side, only
1692-430: A coeducational institution in 1953. Although it had previously admitted women under limited circumstances, the university had never before had a policy through which they could enroll in large numbers and as resident students. In 1959, sororities first appeared on campus. In 1962, in the midst of the civil rights movement, Emory embraced the initiative to end racial restrictions when it asked the courts to declare portions of
1880-735: A collaboration between Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology, was ranked 1st in the nation in 2024 by U.S. News & World Report . In 2012, Emory University underwent an internal investigation led by Emory Provost Earl Lewis and Jones Day Law Firm, revealing deliberate falsification of information by members of Emory University's Office of Admission and Institutional Research. These individuals intentionally misreported data concerning entering students' standardized test scores and class rankings between 2000 and 2012 to standard reference sources and third parties who rank colleges and universities. The falsified data aimed to boost
2068-772: A complex turning movement against Beauregard's Confederate Army of the Potomac (Confederate) , beginning the First Battle of Bull Run (also known as First Manassas). Although the Union troops enjoyed an early advantage and drove the Confederate left flank back, the battle advantage turned that afternoon. Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson inspired his Virginia brigade to withstand a strong Union attack, and he received his famous nickname, "Stonewall" Jackson. Timely reinforcements arrived by railroad from Johnston's army; Patterson had been ineffective in keeping them occupied. The inexperienced Union soldiers began to fall back, and it turned into
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#17327766403052256-531: A consequence, he never regained his strategic momentum. Lee used the month-long pause in McClellan's advance to fortify the defenses of Richmond and extended the works south of the James River to a point below Petersburg ; the total length of the new defensive line was about 30 miles (50 km). To buy time to complete the new defensive line and prepare for an offensive, Lee repeated the tactic of making
2444-602: A delay that almost squandered his opportunity. That night, the Army of the Potomac moved toward South Mountain where elements of the Army of Northern Virginia waited in defense of the mountain passes. At the Battle of South Mountain on September 14, the Confederate defenders were driven back by the numerically superior Union forces, and McClellan was in a position to destroy Lee's army before it could concentrate. Lee, seeing McClellan's uncharacteristic aggression, and learning through
2632-635: A distinction between free institutions (as in free from the State), which are recognized and funded by the Communities of Belgium (the State until 1990) and follow the same rules and laws as fully public universities, and fully private institutions, which are not recognized nor funded by the authorities, and thus do not issue valid degrees. Private ( free ) institutions are predominantly Catholic: UCLouvain , KU Leuven or Saint-Louis University, Brussels . On
2820-552: A division to reinforce Irvin McDowell's forces at Fredericksburg, leaving Banks only 8,000 troops, which he relocated to a strong position at Strasburg, Virginia .Cozzens, pp. 228–229, 243, 255–257. After Frémont's forces halted their advance into the Valley following McDowell, Jackson next turned to defeating Banks. On May 21, Jackson marched his command east from New Market and proceeded northward. Their speed of forced marching
3008-589: A five-year dual degree program in engineering , in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology . Emory University also offers a dual master's degree in social work with the University of Georgia . Oxford College offers an associate degree (A.A.) in liberal arts . Students who complete Oxford College advance to Emory College of Arts and Sciences to complete their undergraduate education. Emory University School of Medicine offers
3196-423: A force he believed was twice his in size. In fact, his imagination and his intelligence operations failed him; the proportions were roughly the reverse. During Johnston's slow retreat up the Peninsula, his forces practiced deceptive operations. In particular, the division under John B. Magruder , who was an amateur actor before the war, was able to fool McClellan by ostentatiously marching small numbers of troops past
3384-865: A four-year, $ 1.8 million grant by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation in order to expand the Atlanta Cystic Fibrosis Research and Development Program. As of 2015, Emory jointly manages the second-largest cystic fibrosis population in the United States. In 2015, Emory and Georgia Tech received a $ 1.6 million grant from the Coulter Translational Research Partnership Program to accelerate nine promising technologies developed in research laboratories with commercialization potential. Private university Across
3572-625: A handful of Federal officers and men resigned and joined the Confederacy; the formation of the Confederate States Army was a matter initially undertaken by the individual states. (The decentralized nature of the Confederate defenses, encouraged by the states' distrust of a strong central government, was one of the disadvantages suffered by the South during the war.) Some of the first hostilities occurred in western Virginia (now
3760-501: A historical shift when Robert Winship Woodruff and George Waldo Woodruff donated $ 105 million worth of Coca-Cola stock to the institution. At that time, this was the largest single gift ever made to any institution of higher education in the United States. The latest additions to the Atlanta Campus include buildings for cancer research, biomedical research, scientific computation, mathematics and science, vaccine research, and
3948-611: A lackluster performance by Stonewall Jackson, Lee's army failed in its last attempt to cut off the Union army before it reached the James. The final battle of the Seven Days, July 1, consisted of uncoordinated Confederate assaults against the Union defenses—buttressed by artillery placements and the naval guns of the Union James River squadron—on Malvern Hill . McClellan was absent from the battlefield, instead remaining on
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#17327766403054136-650: A line to the west of Antietam Creek. At dawn on September 17, the Battle of Antietam began, with Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker 's corps mounting a powerful assault on Lee's left flank. Attacks and counterattacks swept across the Miller Cornfield and the woods near the Dunker Church. Union assaults against the Sunken Road ("Bloody Lane") eventually pierced the Confederate center, but the Federal advantage
4324-463: A new endowment. In the 1880s, the technology department was launched by Isaac Stiles Hopkins , a polymath professor at Emory College. Hopkins became the first president of the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1888. Emory University's first international student, Yun Chi-ho , graduated in 1893. Yun became an important political activist in Korea and is the author of " Aegukga ", the national anthem of
4512-456: A panicky retreat, with many running almost as far as Washington, D.C. Civilian and political observers, some of whom had treated the battle as festive entertainment, were caught up in the panic. The army returned safely to Washington; Beauregard's army was too tired and inexperienced to launch a pursuit. The Union defeat at First Bull Run shocked the North, and a new sense of grim determination swept
4700-532: A period of 65 years; the Atlanta City Council voted to do so the prior December. Gregory L. Fenves , formerly the president of the University of Texas at Austin , became Emory University's 21st president in August 2020. The Israel–Hamas war sparked demonstrations around the U.S., including at Emory. On April 25, 2024, during a pro-Palestinian protest, immediately subsequent to each objecting to
4888-679: A position near Cedar Mountain, from whence he could launch raids on Gordonsville. Jackson advanced to Culpeper on August 7, hoping to attack one of Pope's corps before the rest of the army could be concentrated. On August 9, Nathaniel Banks 's corps attacked Jackson at Cedar Mountain , gaining an early advantage. A Confederate counterattack led by A.P. Hill drove Banks back across Cedar Creek. By now Jackson had learned that Pope's corps were all together, foiling his plan of defeating each in separate actions. He remained in position until August 12, when he withdrew to Gordonsville. On August 13, Lee sent Maj. Gen. James Longstreet to reinforce Jackson and on
5076-765: A private institution to be called " université ", and most of the universities in France are public. In France, grandes écoles are part of an alternative educational system that operates alongside the mainstream French public university system . Grandes écoles can be public , semi-private or private, but the most prestigious ones are public. These institutions operate mostly in engineering studies and business administration. The best-known semi-private grandes écoles are generally business, engineering, and humanities schools; they are generally managed by chambers of commerce and industry, with capital open to other private companies. Other grandes écoles are entirely private, but this
5264-461: A requirement for all foreign institutions endeavoring to operate businesses in the country. Almost all the private universities in Ghana focus on similar areas of academic study, including business administration, human resources, accounting, information technology, and related fields, which are offered by universities like Ashesi , Regent , Valley View , and Ghana Telecom , among others. In addition,
5452-455: A series of less successful commanders. The bloodiest battle of the war ( Gettysburg ) and the bloodiest single day of the war ( Antietam ) were both fought in this theater. The capitals of Washington, D.C. , and Richmond were both attacked or besieged. It has been argued that the western theater was more strategically important in defeating the Confederacy, but it is inconceivable that the civilian populations of both sides could have considered
5640-519: A small number of troops seem more numerous than they really were. Lee also sent Brig. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart 's cavalry brigade completely around the Union army (June 13–15) in order to ascertain if the Union right flank was in the air. In addition, Lee ordered Jackson to bring his force to the Peninsula as reinforcements. Meanwhile, McClellan shifted most of his forces south of the Chickahominy, leaving only Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter 's V Corps north of
5828-496: A successful start on the Peninsula that foretold an early end to the war, Northern morale was crushed by McClellan's retreat. Despite heavy casualties and Lee's clumsy tactical performance, Confederate morale skyrocketed, and Lee was emboldened to continue his aggressive strategy through Northern Virginia and Maryland Campaigns. Following his success against McClellan on the Peninsula, Lee initiated two campaigns that can be considered one almost continuous offensive operation: defeating
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6016-457: A tactical defeat for Jackson, his only defeat during the campaign, it was a strategic victory for the Confederacy, forcing President Lincoln to keep Banks's forces in the Valley and McDowell's 30,000-man corps near Fredericksburg , subtracting about 50,000 soldiers from McClellan's Peninsula invasion force. The Union reorganized after Kernstown: McDowell's command became the Department of
6204-660: A university-based school of theology is to educate—through scholarship, teaching, and service—faithful and creative leaders for the church's ministries throughout the world. Emory University School of Law offers the Juris Doctor , Juris Master , Master of Laws , and Doctor of Juridical Science . It was founded in 1916 and was the first law school in Georgia to be granted membership in the American Association of Law Schools . The Laney Graduate School offers
6392-411: A wide flanking march, Jackson hoped to cut off the Union retreat. On September 1, Jackson sent his divisions against two Union divisions in the Battle of Chantilly . Confederate attacks were stopped by fierce fighting during a severe thunderstorm; both Union division commanders, Isaac Stevens and Philip Kearny , were killed during the fighting. Recognizing that his army was still in danger, Pope ordered
6580-445: Is a five-year, multimillion-dollar cooperative program with the CDC and International Association of National Public Health Institutes (IANPHI). Emory University Center for Global Safe Water (CGSW), which conducts applied research, evaluation, and training to promote global health equity through universal access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene, works in collaboration with the CDC. Emory University Global Health Institute, funded by
6768-594: Is a member of the Association of Research Libraries . The Emory University library system includes over 3.9 million print and electronic volumes and 83,000-plus electronic journals. Emory University libraries include the Robert W. Woodruff Library , Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library, Hugh F. MacMillan and Yuddhishtir Modhwadia Law Library, James S. Guy Chemistry Library, Pitts Theology Library, Goizueta Business Library, Marian K. Heilbrun Music & Media Library, and
6956-415: Is considered highly selective. The median SAT score of the class of 2023 was 1500 and median ACT score was 34. In 2022, Emory University received 33,517 applications and had a 9% regular decision admission rate and a 10.6% overall admission rate. The enrolling class was 55.4% female, 44.6% male and 10.4% of enrolling class identify as first-generation college students. Fifty-nine unique languages were spoken in
7144-1065: Is due to the form of testing in schools in Taiwan, in which students take a national entrance exam to determine their university qualifications. The most well known private university is Fu Jen Catholic University , and the oldest is Tunghai University . Since the 1990s, several private universities have opened in Vietnam including Ho Chi Minh City Open University being one of the first. Some characteristics of Vietnamese private universities as of 2010 are high (very high in some cases) tuition fees, poor infrastructure, limited faculty, and human resources. Private universities are often named after scholars ( Fulbright University Vietnam, Vo Truong Toan University, Nguyen Trai University, Luong The Vinh University, Chu Van An University, Yersin University, Phan Chau Trinh University), or heroes/legends ( Hung Vuong University, Quang Trung University); although there are exceptions such as FPT University , named after
7332-529: Is headquartered at the university. Emory University has the 15th-largest endowment among U.S. colleges and universities. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and is cited for high scientific performance and citation impact in the CWTS Leiden Ranking . Emory University was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1995. Emory faculty and alumni include one Vice President of
7520-540: Is home to several private universities, including Sohar University , the University of Nizwa , Middle East College , and the German University of Technology in Oman . These universities offer a range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs in fields such as business, engineering, and information technology. Private universities in Oman offer a more personalized and interactive learning experience, as
7708-731: Is one private university in Madaba city, the American University of Madaba (AUM) . There are 11 private universities and colleges in Kuwait . There are 19 private universities in Lebanon. Among these, the American University of Beirut and the Lebanese American University are internationally acknowledged. The languages used for teaching in private universities are mainly French and English ; Arabic
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7896-637: Is rarer, and they sometimes establish partnerships with public universities. Eastern Theater of the American Civil War The eastern theater of the American Civil War consisted of the major military and naval operations in the states of Virginia , West Virginia , Maryland , and Pennsylvania , the national capital in Washington, D.C. , and the coastal fortifications and seaports of North Carolina . The interior of
8084-509: Is responsible for the accreditation of these institutes and degrees. These mostly provide undergraduate degrees with a few providing postgraduate degrees. The Informatics Institute of Sri Lanka (IIT), NSBM Green University (NSBM), Horizon Campus and Sri Lanka Institute for Information Technology (SLIIT) are examples. Some foreign universities franchise parts of their degree courses in Sri Lanka with local institutes. Students are charged for
8272-742: Is widely used in religious universities and Armenian is used in the Armenian university. The first university opened in Lebanon was the Syrian Protestant College in 1866 (which became the American University of Beirut in 1921). It was founded by Daniel Bliss, a Protestant missionary. The second university opened in Lebanon was the Université Saint-Joseph , founded by the Jesuits in 1875. Oman
8460-693: The American University in Cairo , the German University in Cairo , The British University in Egypt , the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport , Misr University for Science and Technology , Misr International University , Future University in Egypt and the Modern Sciences and Arts University . In addition to the state-funded national and private universities in Egypt , international university institutions were founded in
8648-521: The Army of the Potomac . As the campaign continued through a series of minor battles, General Robert E. Lee , who, despite his excellent reputation as a former U.S. Army colonel, had no combat command experience, gave a lackluster performance that earned him the derogatory nickname "Granny Lee". He was soon transferred to the Carolinas to construct fortifications. The Union victory in this campaign enabled
8836-683: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , partners with the CDC to enhance public health infrastructure in low-resource countries. Emory University Hospital Isolation Unit and Quarantine Station was established by the CDC following the 2003 SARS outbreak . The isolation and treatment facilities at Emory University played a crucial role in ending the 2014 ebola virus cases in the United States . CDC scientists and administrators hold memberships and frequently speak at Emory University's Vaccine Dinner Club (VDC), an association that holds monthly academic meetings to discuss and advance vaccine research . In 2015, Emory
9024-466: The Candler , Woodruff , and Goizueta families, Emory University is colloquially referred to as "Coca-Cola University". Emory University School of Law was established in 1916. From the 1920s through the 1970s, Emory University established its reputation as a regional institution that offered a solid education in medicine, law, theology, business, and the liberal arts. In 1917, the United States joined
9212-553: The Confederate States Army , commanded by General Robert E. Lee . President Abraham Lincoln responded by seeking a general to match Lee's boldness, and successively appointed Major General Irvin McDowell , George B. McClellan , John Pope , Ambrose Burnside , Joseph Hooker , and George G. Meade to command his principal eastern armies. Meade gained a decisive victory over Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. Newly appointed general-in-chief Ulysses S. Grant arrived from
9400-730: The Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Physical Therapy , and Master of Medical Science degrees. The Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing offers the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), Masters of Science in Nursing , and Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). Candler School of Theology is grounded in the Christian faith and shaped by the Wesleyan tradition of evangelical piety, ecumenical openness, and social concern. Its mission as
9588-655: The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Master of Arts degrees. The Goizueta Business School offers the Bachelor of Business Administration , Master of Business Administration , Executive Master of Business Administration, and a Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration. The Rollins School of Public Health offers the Master of Public Health (MPH) and Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH) and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. Emory University
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#17327766403059776-823: The FPT Corporation and Tan Tao University in Tan Tao Group . In Vietnam, there are also "semi-private university"; schools in this category which can receive partial financial support from the government. Almost all private universities have to invite professors and lecturers from state universities. Many lecturers from state-owned universities take up positions in private universities after their retirement. There are numerous private universities and independent faculties in Armenia , mostly in Yerevan . As of 2022, there are 31 private higher education institutions in
9964-726: The First World War , and Emory University responded by organizing a medical unit composed of faculty and alumni of the medical school. The unit, which became known as Emory Unit, Base Hospital 43, served in Loir-et-Cher , France, from July 1918 to January 1919. During the Second World War , the Emory Unit was mobilized once again and served in the North African campaign and Europe. Emory's contributions to
10152-410: The Gettysburg Campaign , reached Pennsylvania , farther north than any other major Confederate army. Following a Confederate attack on Washington, D.C., in 1864, Union forces commanded by Philip H. Sheridan launched a campaign in Shenandoah Valley , which cost the Confederacy control over a major food supply for Lee's army. The eastern theater included the campaigns that are generally most famous in
10340-434: The International University Vienna , whose accreditation was withdrawn in 2003 due to academic misconduct; Imadec University , whose first accreditation period ended in January 2006 and was not renewed; TCM Privatuniversität Li Shi Zhen in Vienna , whose accreditation period ended 2009 without renewal students; and PEF Private University of Management Vienna , which closed for economic reasons in March 2012. Belgium makes
10528-495: The National Institutes of Health (NIH). In 1947, the university donated 15 acres (6 hectares) of land to the United States Department of Health and Human Services for the construction of the CDC headquarters. Emory University Prevention Research Center (EPRC) and Emory Center for Injury Control are funded by the CDC. Emory University's African Center of Excellence for Public Health Security, which seeks to improve preparedness and response to health threats in low-income countries,
10716-429: The Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing 1st in the nation for MSN programs and 3rd for BSN programs for its 2023–2024 rankings. QS University Rankings listed the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing as the 25th top nursing school globally in 2023. The Rollins School of Public Health ranked 3rd in the nation in 2024 by U.S. News & World Report. The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering ,
10904-406: The New Administrative Capital and are hosting branches of Universities from abroad. The Knowledge Hub (TKH) and European Universities in Egypt (EUE) are among these institutions. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church doctrine embraces traditional higher institutions in Ethiopia . Modern higher education could be traced back to the regime of Emperor Haile Selassie , with the first university,
11092-454: The Outer Banks were valuable bases for ships attempting to evade the Union blockade . Benjamin Butler sailed from Fort Monroe and captured the batteries at Hatteras Inlet in August 1861. In February 1862, Brig. Gen. Ambrose Burnside organized an amphibious expedition, also from Fort Monroe, that captured Roanoke Island , a little-known but important Union strategic victory. The Goldsborough Expedition in late 1862 marched briefly inland from
11280-404: The Private Universities Act, 1992 was instituted, consolidated, and re-enacted as the Private Universities Act, 2010 . All private universities must be approved by University Grants Commission (UGC) before they are given a permit to operate. As of April 2018, there were 97 private universities in Bangladesh . Private institutions must confer the students with external programs such as BDTVEC,
11468-438: The Rappahannock River and then overland to Richmond before Johnston could move to block him. Although Lincoln favored the overland approach because it would shield Washington from any attack while the operation was in progress, McClellan argued that the road conditions in Virginia were intolerable, that he had arranged adequate defenses for the capital, and that Johnston would certainly follow him if he moved on Richmond. This plan
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#173277664030511656-511: The Republic of Korea . On August 16, 1906, the Wesley Memorial Hospital and Training School for Nurses, later renamed the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing , was established. In 1914, the Candler School of Theology was established. In 1915, Emory College relocated to Druid Hills and was rechartered as Emory University after accepting a land grant from Asa Griggs Candler , founder of The Coca-Cola Company and brother of commissioned chair Warren Akin Candler Based on large donations from
11844-444: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and is a long-time partner in global and national prevention and research initiatives. Emory University is the leading coordinator of the U.S. Health Department 's National Ebola Training and Education Center. The university is one of four institutions involved in the NIAID 's Tuberculosis Research Units Program. The International Association of National Public Health Institutes
12032-425: The UGC (Establishment and Maintenance of Standards in Private Universities) Regulations, 2003 . Per the UGC act and these regulations, private universities are established by acts of state legislative assemblies and listed by the UGC in the Gazette upon receiving the relevant act. As confirmed by the ruling of the Supreme Court of India , recognition by the UGC is required for the university to operate. Also, per
12220-468: The Union 's victory. While many of the campaigns and battles were fought in the region of Virginia between Washington, D.C., and Richmond, there were other major campaigns fought nearby. The Western Virginia Campaign of 1861 secured Union control over the western counties of Virginia, which would be formed into the new state of West Virginia . Confederate coastal areas and ports were seized in southeastern Virginia and North Carolina. The Shenandoah Valley
12408-491: The United States National Park Service (NPS) is more fine-grained than the one used in this article. Some minor NPS campaigns have been omitted and some have been combined into larger categories. Only a few of the 160 battles the NPS classifies for this theater are described. Boxed text in the right margin show the NPS campaigns associated with each section. After the fall of Fort Sumter in April 1861, both sides scrambled to create armies. President Abraham Lincoln issued
12596-422: The military dictatorship in South Korea (1961–1987) . On March 30, 1983, Laney's friend Kim Dae-jung , while in political exile in the United States, presented a speech on human rights and democracy at Emory University and accepted an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. Kim would go on to play a major role in ending authoritarianism in South Korea , served as the eighth President of South Korea from 1998 to 2003, and
12784-470: The "10 Colleges with the Best Libraries" in the United States. Emory University is ranked 24th among national universities in the United States and 72nd among global universities by U.S. News & World Report for 2023-2024 . Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked Emory 20th in the United States and 82nd among global universities for 2022–2023. In 2023, QS University Rankings listed Emory as 155th among global universities. The university
12972-427: The 20,000 Confederates under Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard at Manassas . The second major Confederate force in the area, 12,000 men under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston in the Shenandoah Valley , was to be held in place by Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson with 18,000 men menacing Harpers Ferry , preventing the two Confederate armies from combining against McDowell. On July 21, McDowell's Army of Northeast Virginia executed
13160-668: The 2003 regulations, the UGC sends committees to inspect the private universities and publishes their inspection report. The UGC publishes and regularly updates the lists of private universities. As of 23 August 2022 , the UGC lists 421 private universities. As of 2010 , Japan had 597 private universities, 86 national universities , and 95 public universities . Private universities thus account for over 75% of all universities in Japan. A large number of junior colleges in Japan are private and like public and national universities, many private universities use National Center Test for University Admissions as an entrance exam . There
13348-399: The 21st century. However, since then, Ghana has seen a flood of private universities and colleges established – a reflection of the country's stable governance and the pace of economic growth. Most of these universities are not known to be sponsored by foreign corporate organizations or government universities and the aim is to avoid the Ghanaian government's excessive payment of bonds, which is
13536-403: The Army of the Potomac, Lincoln showed his displeasure by appointing Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck to McClellan's previous position as general-in-chief of all the Union armies on July 11, 1862. The cost to both sides was high. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia suffered almost 20,000 casualties out of a total of over 90,000 soldiers during the Seven Days, McClellan almost 16,000 out of 105,445. After
13724-505: The Army was that their transport ships would be attacked by this new weapon directly in their path. And the U.S. Navy failed to assure McClellan that they could protect operations on either the James or the York, so his idea of amphibiously enveloping Yorktown was abandoned, and he ordered an advance up the Peninsula to begin April 4. On April 5, McClellan was informed that Lincoln had canceled
13912-509: The Auston Institute of Management, Singapore. The Sri Lanka campus was established in 2010 and is a Board of Investment or (BOI) company. It retains a similar focus to the home campus and occupies a prime spot along Colombo's famous Galle Road. In Taiwan , private universities are typically not as prestigious as some public (national) universities. They are not ranked as high as public institutions and cost nearly twice as much. This
14100-586: The Carolinas were considered part of the western theater , and other coastal areas along the Atlantic Ocean were part of the lower seaboard theater . The eastern theater was the venue for several major campaigns launched by the Union Army of the Potomac to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia ; many of these were frustrated by the Army of Northern Virginia , a division of
14288-657: The Center for Control of Chronic Conditions in New Delhi , India. The center aims to improve the prevention and care of diabetes, heart disease, cancer, mental health, and injuries in India. The International Association of National Public Health Institutes is based at the university. The association was chartered in 2006 with a $ 20 million, five-year grant through Emory University from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In 2015,
14476-464: The Confederate fortifications extended across the Peninsula instead of being limited to Yorktown as he had expected. After a delay of about a month building up siege resources, constructing trenches and siege batteries, and conducting a couple of minor skirmishes testing the line, the Siege of Yorktown was ready to commence. However, Johnston concluded that the Confederate defenses were too weak to hold off
14664-466: The Confederate side. In late 1863 the war came to Georgia and the college was used as hospital and later a headquarters for the Union Army . The university produced many officers who served in the war, including General George Thomas Anderson (1846C) who fought in nearly every major battle in the eastern theater . Thirty-five Emory students lost their lives and much of the campus was destroyed during
14852-580: The Emory Global Health Institute and CDC were made lead partners for the newly created, $ 75 million Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-funded Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (CHAMPS). Emory University research is heavily funded by the United States Department of Health and Human Services's National Institutes of Health . The federal agency awarded the university nearly $ 600 million in
15040-497: The Georgia statutes unconstitutional. Previously, Georgia law denied tax-exempt status to private universities with racially integrated student bodies. The Supreme Court of Georgia ruled in Emory's favor and Emory officially became racially integrated. Marvin S. Arrington Sr. was Emory University's first, full-time African American student and graduated from Emory University School of Law in 1967. In 1971, Emory established one of
15228-482: The James River. The next two days saw minor battles at Garnett's and Golding's Farm and Savage's Station , as McClellan continued his withdraw and Lee attempted to cut off the Union retreat. The Battle of Glendale on June 30 was a bloody battle in which three Confederate divisions converged on the retreating Union forces in the White Oak Swamp , near Frayser's Farm, another name for the battle. Because of
15416-605: The MBA program 36th worldwide in 2023. Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed the School of Medicine at #32 in the world for Clinical/Pre-clinical and Health in its 2019 rankings list. The Emory University School of Medicine is ranked 23rd in the nation from U.S. News & World Report ' s 2023–2024 rankings and also ranked 14th for Radiology, 16th for Surgery, #14 for Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 15th for Internal Medicine. U.S. News & World Report ranked
15604-543: The NIH and by the Georgia Research Alliance . The centers include one of the largest groups of academic vaccine scientists in the world and are currently attempting to develop an effective HIV vaccine . Emory University researchers Dennis C. Liotta , Raymond F. Schinazi, and Woo-Baeg Choi discovered Emtricitabine , a nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used in the treatment of HIV . The drug
15792-565: The NIH to develop and validate mathematical models of how prior immunity affects recall immune responses to influenza viruses. The researchers will create and disseminate powerful, user-friendly modeling tools for use by the wider research community in developing more effective vaccines. In 2015, the university received a $ 3.6 million grant over five years from the NIH to examine the effects of maternal stress on brain function, development, and behavior in African-American infants, including
15980-753: The National Ebola Training and Education Center (NETEC). The university collaborated with the University of Nebraska Medical Center , the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation , the CDC and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response on the program, which received $ 12 million. The university also received a $ 10.8 million grant over three years from the U.S. Department of Defense 's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) to lead
16168-559: The National Institutes of Health to research human immune responses to Varicella zoster virus and pneumococcal vaccination. The university also received a $ 9 million grant over five years from the NIH to support one of three national Centers for Collaborative Research in Fragile X syndrome . The grant is a renewal of Emory's National Fragile X Research Center, continuously funded by the NIH for more than 10 years. In 2015,
16356-567: The North might force Lincoln to negotiate an end to the war, particularly if he would be able to incite an uprising in the slave-holding state of Maryland. The Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River and reached Frederick, Maryland , on September 6. Lee's specific goals were thought to be an advance towards Harrisburg, Pennsylvania , cutting the east–west railroad links to the Northeast, followed by operations against one of
16544-403: The Peninsula, McClellan moved the Army of the Potomac to Centreville on a "shakedown" march. He discovered there how weak Johnston's force and position had really been, and he faced mounting criticism. On March 11, Lincoln relieved McClellan of his position as general-in-chief of the Union armies so that he could devote his full attention to the difficult campaign ahead of him. Lincoln himself, with
16732-582: The Potomac in late February and moving south to protect the canal and railroad from Ashby. Jackson's command was operating as the left wing of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston 's army, and when Johnston moved from Manassas to Culpeper in March, Jackson's position at Winchester was isolated. On March 12, Banks continued his advance to the southwest ("up the Valley") and occupied Winchester. Jackson had withdrawn to Strasburg . Banks's orders, as part of McClellan's overall strategy, were to move farther south and drive Jackson from
16920-485: The Potomac later were added for combat operations. Two cavalry brigades were attached directly to two of the infantry corps, which presented a lack of centralized control that had negative effects in the campaign. Pope's mission was to fulfill two objectives: protect Washington and the Shenandoah Valley , and draw Confederate forces away from McClellan by moving in the direction of Gordonsville . Pope started on
17108-573: The Potomac was approaching Richmond from the southeast in the Peninsula Campaign , Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell 's large corps was poised to hit Richmond from the north, and Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks 's army threatened the rich agricultural area of the Shenandoah Valley. For relief, Confederate authorities turned to Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson , who earned his nickname at First Bull Run. His command, officially called
17296-621: The Rappahannock , Banks's corps became the Department of the Shenandoah , while western Virginia (modern West Virginia) became the Mountain Department , commanded by Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont. All three commands, which reported directly to Washington, were ordered to remove Jackson's force as a threat to Washington. The Confederate authorities meanwhile detached Richard S. Ewell's division from Johnston's army and sent it to
17484-606: The Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (The Rose Library). The Rose Library contains rare materials relating to literature, African American history and culture, and Southern and Georgia history. Notable pieces of the collection include a rare first edition of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe , as well as papers of Flannery O'Connor , Alice Walker , Langston Hughes , Salman Rushdie , W. B. Yeats , Medbh McGuckian , Seamus Heaney , and Ted Hughes . In 2012, The Princeton Review ranked Emory University among
17672-488: The U.S. and over 100 foreign countries. Emory Healthcare is the largest healthcare system in the state of Georgia and comprises seven major hospitals, including Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown . The university operates the Winship Cancer Institute , Yerkes National Primate Research Center , and many disease and vaccine research centers. Emory University is adjacent to
17860-446: The U.S. in 2014. The Emory University School of Law is ranked 35th in the nation according to U.S. News & World Report ' s 2023-2024 rankings. Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Goizueta Business School 's BBA Program ninth in the nation in 2014. In 2023, Goizueta Business School's MBA program ranked 17th in the nation by U.S. News & World Report and 16th in the nation by Bloomberg Businessweek. Financial Times ranked
18048-468: The Union detachment in an attempt to force the remainder of Banks's corps to return. But Ashby's information was incorrect; actually, an entire Union division was still stationed in the town. At the First Battle of Kernstown (March 23, 1862), fought a few miles south of Winchester, the Federals stopped Jackson's advance and then counterattacked, turning his left flank and forcing him to retreat. Although
18236-427: The Union garrison. In Washington, President Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton decided that the defeat of Jackson was an immediate priority (even though Jackson's orders were solely to keep Union forces occupied away from Richmond). They ordered Irvin McDowell to send 20,000 men to Front Royal and Frémont to move to Harrisonburg . If both forces could converge at Strasburg, Jackson's only escape route up
18424-501: The Union invaders. This was quite different from the early years of the Western theater, and since the Union Army had to rely solely on the primitive road system of the era for its primary transportation, it limited winter campaigning for both sides. The Union advantage was control of the sea and major rivers, which would allow an army that stayed close to the ocean to be reinforced and supplied. The campaign classification established by
18612-729: The United States , two Prime Ministers , nine university presidents, eleven members of the United States Congress , two Nobel Peace Prize laureates, a United States Speaker of the House , and a United States Supreme Court Justice . Other notable alumni include 21 Rhodes Scholars and six Pulitzer Prize winners, as well as Emmy Award winners, Grammy Award winners, MacArthur Fellows , CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, heads of state and other leaders in foreign government. Emory has more than 165,000 alumni, with 75 alumni clubs established worldwide in 20 countries. Emory College
18800-412: The United States as military and civilians alike realized that they would need to invest significant money and manpower to win a protracted, bloody war. George B. McClellan was summoned east in August to command the newly forming Army of the Potomac , which would become the principal army of the eastern theater. As a former railroad executive, he possessed outstanding organizational skills well-suited to
18988-675: The University College of Addis Ababa (now called the Addis Ababa University or AAU) formed in 1950. In 1954, the Haramaya University opened. As of 2022, there are 83 private universities, 42 public universities, and more than 35 institutions of higher learning. There are 16,305 students enrolled in higher education as a whole. There were a few private universities in Ghana before the beginning of
19176-652: The University Grant Commission (UGC), is the primary regulator of higher education in Pakistan . It also facilitates the development of the higher educational system in Pakistan. Its main purpose is to upgrade the schools to be world-class centers of education, research, and development. It also plays a leading role in building a knowledge-based economy in Pakistan by giving out hundreds of doctoral scholarships for education abroad every year. Despite
19364-761: The Valley District of the Department of Northern Virginia, included the Stonewall Brigade , a variety of Valley militia units, and the Army of the Northwest . While Banks remained north of the Potomac River , Jackson's cavalry commander, Col. Turner Ashby of the 7th Virginia Cavalry , raided the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad . Banks reacted by crossing
19552-478: The Valley would be cut. The immediate repercussion of this move was to abort McDowell's coordinated attack with McClellan on Richmond. Starting on May 29, while two columns of Union forces pursued him, Jackson started pushing his army in a forced march southward to escape the pincer movements, marching forty miles in thirty-six hours. His army took up defensive positions in Cross Keys and Port Republic , where he
19740-497: The Valley. After accomplishing this, he was to withdraw to a position nearer Washington. A strong advance force began the movement south from Winchester on March 17, about the same time that McClellan began his amphibious movement to the Virginia Peninsula. Jackson's orders from Johnston were to avoid general combat because he was seriously outnumbered, but at the same time he was to keep Banks occupied enough to prevent
19928-511: The Valley. Jackson, now reinforced to 17,000 men, decided to attack the Union forces individually rather than waiting for them to combine and overwhelm him, first concentrating on a column from the Mountain Department commanded by Robert Milroy. While marching on a devious route to mask his intentions, he was attacked by Milroy at the Battle of McDowell on May 8 but was able to repulse the Union army after severe fighting. Banks sent
20116-597: The abuses of the war criminal Mutsuhiro Watanabe . Kiyoshi Tanimoto , who graduated from the Candler School of Theology in 1940 and is portrayed in John Hersey's Hiroshima , was able to organize the Hiroshima Maidens reconstructive surgery program based on the associations he made while studying in the United States. Tatsumasa Shirakawa, a Japanese student at the Candler School of Theology ,
20304-730: The army marched through the Thoroughfare Gap to join Jackson, uniting the two wings of Lee's army. In order to draw Pope's army into battle, Jackson ordered an attack on a Federal column that was passing across his front on August 28, beginning the Second Battle of Bull Run , the decisive battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign. The fighting lasted several hours and resulted in a stalemate. Pope became convinced that he had trapped Jackson and concentrated
20492-558: The army to retreat back to Harrison's Landing. Malvern Hill signaled the end of both the Seven Days Battles and the Peninsula Campaign. The Army of the Potomac withdrew to the safety of the James River, protected by fire from Union gunboats, and stayed there until August, when they were withdrawn by order of President Lincoln in the run-up to the Second Battle of Bull Run . Although McClellan retained command of
20680-565: The assistance of Secretary of War Stanton and a War Board of officers, assumed command of the Union armies for the next four months. The Army of the Potomac began to embark for Fort Monroe on March 17. The departure was accompanied by a newfound sense of concern. The first combat of ironclad ships occurred on March 8 and March 9 as the CSS Virginia and the USS Monitor fought the inconclusive Battle of Hampton Roads . The concern for
20868-570: The biochemical connection between the brain and the microbiome. In 2015, the university received a $ 3.5 million grant over five years from the NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) for an Informatics Technology for Cancer Research award. Winship Cancer Institute and Emory School of Medicine researchers will develop software tools to help the cancer research community gain new insights from cancer imaging "big data" and develop new open-source cancer research applications. In 2015,
21056-431: The bulk of his army against him. On August 29, Pope launched a series of assaults against Jackson's position along the unfinished railroad grade. The attacks were repulsed with heavy casualties on both sides. At noon, Longstreet arrived on the field and took position on Jackson's right flank. On August 30, Pope renewed his attacks, seemingly unaware that Longstreet was on the field. When massed Confederate artillery devastated
21244-713: The coast to destroy railroad tracks and bridges. The remainder of operations on the North Carolina coast began in late 1864, with Benjamin Butler's and David D. Porter 's failed attempt to capture Fort Fisher , which guarded the seaport of Wilmington. Union forces at the Second Battle of Fort Fisher , led by Alfred H. Terry , Adelbert Ames , and Porter, in January 1865, were successful in defeating Gen. Braxton Bragg , and Wilmington fell in February. During this period,
21432-428: The commander of Union field forces around Washington was Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell , an inexperienced combat officer in command of volunteer soldiers with even less experience. Many of them had enlisted for only 90 days, a period soon to expire. McDowell was pressured by politicians and major newspapers in the North to take immediate action, exhorting him "On to Richmond!" His plan was to march with 35,000 men and attack
21620-487: The contrary, the Free University of Brussels (nowadays split into ULB and VUB ) was founded by masonic individuals. All of these institutions began to be recognized by the State from 1891 onwards. It is forbidden by law to call a fully private institution "university" or "faculty", meaning fully private (non- free ) 'universities' have limited visibility. Bulgaria has many private universities, among which
21808-530: The country, most notably the American University of Armenia and the Eurasia International University . In Austria , educational institutions must be authorized by the country to legally grant academic degrees . All state-run universities are governed by the 2002 Austrian Universities' and University Degree Programmes' Organisation Act (Federal Law Gazette No. 120/2002). In 1999, a federal law ( Universitäts-Akkreditierungsgesetz )
21996-424: The creation of the state of West Virginia in 1863. The first significant battle of the war took place in eastern Virginia on June 10. Union Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler , based at Fort Monroe , sent converging columns from Hampton and Newport News against advanced Confederate outposts. At the Battle of Big Bethel , near Fort Monroe, Colonel John B. Magruder won the first Confederate victory. In early summer,
22184-563: The criticism of the HEC, its creation had a positive impact on higher education in Pakistan. Its two-year report for 2004 to 2006 states that according to the Institute of Scientific Information, the total number of publications appearing in the 8,000 leading journals indexed in the Web of Science arising out of Pakistan in 2005 was 1,259 articles, representing a 41% increase over the past two years and
22372-564: The deck during the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender . Bobby Jones , the golfer, served during the Battle of Normandy . Alfred A. Weinstein, a professor of surgery at Emory University School of Medicine , was a prisoner of war of the Empire of Japan between 1942 and 1945. His memoir, Barbed Wire Surgeon , is considered one of the finest accounts concerning allied prisoners under Japanese captivity and highlights
22560-470: The detachment of troops to reinforce McClellan on the Peninsula. Receiving incorrect intelligence, Banks concluded that Jackson had left the Valley, and he proceeded to move east, back to the vicinity of Washington. Jackson was dismayed at this movement because Banks was doing exactly what Jackson had been directed to prevent. When Ashby reported that only a few infantry regiments and some artillery of Banks's corps remained at Winchester, Jackson decided to attack
22748-441: The employment of independent data advisers to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the university's data management processes. Emory University is classified among " R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity ". In 2021, Emory received $ 894.7 million from external funding agencies. Emory University leads the nation in the number of students with Kirschstein- National Research Service Award pre-doctoral fellowships from
22936-774: The enrolling first year class and 40 countries were represented. The university is need-blind for domestic applicants. Emory College of Arts and Sciences offers the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and the Bachelor of Science (B.S) undergraduate academic degrees. The university operates the Confucius Institute in Atlanta in partnership with Nanjing University . The Emory-Tibet Partnership was established in 1998. Emory University offers highly selective honors programs for high-performing undergraduates in most areas of concentration. More than 25% of undergraduates participate in an honors program each year. Emory University offers
23124-544: The first to gain degree awarding status was Hajvery University, Lahore (HU), established in 1990. From 2003–2004, Pakistan had a total of 83 private degree granting institutions. There are nine private universities in Saudi Arabia . In Sri Lanka , state-recognized private institutes are allowed to award degrees under Section 25A of the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978. The University Grants Commission
23312-493: The fiscal year of 2021. In 2015, Emory University was one of four institutions selected by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for its seven-year, multimillion-dollar Tuberculosis Research Units (TBRU) program, which aims to drive innovation in tuberculosis research and reduce the global burden of the disease. In 2015, an Emory-led research consortium received a five-year, $ 15 million grant from
23500-457: The following day sent all of his remaining forces except for two brigades, after he was certain that McClellan was leaving the Peninsula. Lee himself arrived at Gordonsville to take command on August 15. His plan was to defeat Pope before McClellan's army could arrive to reinforce it by cutting bridges in Pope's rear and then attacking his left flank and rear. Pope spoiled Lee's plans by withdrawing to
23688-432: The gunboat Galena ; the Union corps commanders cooperated in selecting the positions for their troops but none of them exercised overall field command. Lee's army suffered over 5,600 casualties in this effort, compared to only 3,000 Union casualties. Although the Union corps commanders felt that they could hold the field against further Confederate attacks, the supply situation would have been problematic and McClellan ordered
23876-529: The history of the war, if not for their strategic significance, then for their proximity to the large population centers, major newspapers, and the capital cities of the opposing parties. The imaginations of both Northerners and Southerners were captured by the epic struggles between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia , under Robert E. Lee , and the Union Army of the Potomac , under
24064-615: The impact of environmental chemicals on children's health. In 2015, the two universities received a five-year, $ 2.9 million grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to create new bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs and concentrations in healthcare robotics , which will be the first program of its kind in the Southeastern United States. In 2015, Emory University, Georgia Tech, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta were awarded
24252-409: The largest Confederate attack of the war against Porter's line. (It occurred in almost the same location as the 1864 Battle of Cold Harbor , but here the defenders suffered roughly similar numbers of casualties.) The attack was poorly coordinated, and the Union lines held for most of the day, but Lee eventually broke through and McClellan withdrew again, heading for a secure base at Harrison's Landing on
24440-643: The largest awarding body in the country, BTEC , and Cambridge International Examinations pathways. Accreditation by the Brunei Darussalam National Accreditation Council (BDNAC) is crucial to establish a private institution. Private universities have been established in Cambodia since 1997. Since 2003, joint-partnership private universities have been established in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Typically,
24628-474: The latter by dispatching cavalry to break the railroad connecting Gordonsville, Charlottesville , and Lynchburg . The cavalry got off to a slow start and found that Stonewall Jackson had occupied Gordonsville with over 14,000 men. Lee perceived that McClellan was no longer a threat to him on the Peninsula, so he felt no compulsion to keep all of his forces in direct defense of Richmond. This allowed him to relocate Jackson to Gordonsville to block Pope and protect
24816-488: The line of the Rappahannock River ; he was aware of Lee's plan because a Union cavalry raid captured a copy of the written order. A series of skirmishes between August 22 and August 25 kept the attention of Pope's army along the river. By August 25, three corps from the Army of the Potomac had arrived from the Peninsula to reinforce Pope. Lee's new plan in the face of all these additional forces outnumbering him
25004-403: The major eastern cities, such as Philadelphia . News of the invasion caused panic in the North, and Lincoln was forced to take quick action. George B. McClellan had been in military limbo since returning from the Peninsula, but Lincoln restored him to command of all forces around Washington and ordered him to deal with Lee. Lee divided his army. Longstreet was sent to Hagerstown , while Jackson
25192-464: The massive Union supply depot at Manassas Junction . This surprise movement forced Pope to leave his defensive line along the Rappahannock and move toward Manassas Junction in the hopes of crushing Jackson's wing before the rest of Lee's army could reunite with it. During the night of August 27–28, Jackson marched his divisions north to the First Bull Run (Manassas) battlefield, where he took position behind an unfinished railroad grade. Longstreet's wing of
25380-482: The most renowned are New Bulgarian University , located in the capital city Sofia ; Burgas Free University ; Varna Free University and American University in Bulgaria . Finland does not officially recognize private universities but does not explicitly forbid them either. Helsinki School of Business is an example of one such educational institution operating in this market. Since 1880, it has been illegal for
25568-462: The movement of Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell 's corps to Fort Monroe, taking this action because McClellan had failed to leave the number of troops previously agreed upon at Washington, and because Jackson's Valley Campaign was causing concern. McClellan protested vociferously that he was being forced to lead a major campaign without his promised resources, but he moved ahead anyway. The Union forces advanced to Yorktown, but halted when McClellan found that
25756-504: The nation's first African-American studies programs and the first of its kind in the Southeastern United States. Emory's diversity and academic reputation continued to flourish under the leadership of the university's fifth president, James T. Laney . In addition to leading universities in the Southeastern United States in the promotion of racial equality , Laney and many of the school's faculty and administrators were outspoken advocates of global human rights and thus were openly opposed to
25944-628: The next day but was distracted by the Confederate attack at Mechanicsville or Beaver Dam Creek, on June 26. Lee observed that McClellan had positioned his army straddling the Chickahominy River and could be defeated in detail. He planned for the division of A.P. Hill to demonstrate in Porter's front while Jackson marched behind the Union positions and attacked from the rear. However, Jackson was late in arriving to his assigned position, while Hill started his attack without waiting for Jackson and
26132-405: The old colonial capital. By the end of May, the Union forces had successfully advanced to within several miles of Richmond, but progress was slow. McClellan had planned for massive siege operations and brought immense stores of equipment and siege mortars but poor weather and inadequate roads kept his advance to a crawl. And McClellan was by nature a cautious general; he was nervous about attacking
26320-715: The partners may include a Chinese university and a non-Chinese institution. English is often the only language of instruction at such universities and many focus on providing a comprehensive liberal arts education modeled after research universities in the United States and Europe. Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 . Private universities in India are regulated under
26508-427: The performing arts. Prior to 2018, the campus was in an unincorporated area , statistically counted in the Druid Hills census-designated place . In 2016 the university stated that it intended to petition to be annexed into the City of Atlanta; in 2017 the university leadership formally submitted its petition. The City of Atlanta annexed Emory's campus effective January 1, 2018, a part of its largest annexation within
26696-407: The pickets of the 1,000-man Union garrison, capturing nearly 700 of the garrison while suffering fewer than forty casualties himself. Jackson's victory forced Banks from Strasburg into a rapid retreat towards Winchester. Although Jackson attempted to pursue, his troops were exhausted and looted Union supply trains, slowing them down immensely. On May 25, at the First Battle of Winchester , Banks's army
26884-428: The police presence, police detained both philosophy chair Noëlle McAfee and arrested economics professor Caroline Fohlin , who was later charged with battery, following her battering by police. The College of Arts and Science adopted a motion the following day for a college faculty no-confidence vote for Greg Fenves, president of the university, with an electronic vote organized for the following week. Emory University
27072-559: The railroad. Lee had larger plans in mind. Since the Union Army was split between McClellan and Pope and they were widely separated, Lee saw an opening to destroy Pope before returning his attention to McClellan. Believing that Ambrose Burnside 's troops from North Carolina were being shipped to reinforce Pope, and wanting to take immediate action before those troops were in position, Lee committed Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill to join Jackson with 12,000 men, while distracting McClellan to keep him immobilized. On July 29, Pope moved some of his forces to
27260-435: The range of cultural achievement, to Civil Rights Movement activist Rosa Parks . The award is one of the highest honors presented by Emory. In 2014, at Emory's 169th Commencement, John Lewis , the only living " Big Six " leader of the civil rights movement, delivered the keynote address and received an honorary doctor of laws degree. In 2015, Emory University School of Law received a $ 1.5 million donation to help establish
27448-520: The recent discovery of oil and gas in commercial quantities has influenced the development of oil and gas management courses within the private universities' curricula. Libya has several recognized private education institutions and universities that have been approved by the Ministry of Higher Education. They are ranked and qualified to specialize in academic programs in Business Administration, Computer Science, Law, Medicine, and Humanitarianism. The National Universities Commission of Nigeria holds
27636-657: The responsibility to approve private universities and accredit their courses. This ensures a minimum standard in curriculum and teaching. There are currently 60 approved private universities in Nigeria and many applications are being processed. In South Africa , there are many distinctions between public universities and what are officially termed private higher education institutions. Recognized private higher education institutions include Akademia ( af ), Eduvos , Varsity College , Vega School , Milpark , Midrand Graduate Institute , and Regenesys Business School . Numerous private universities were established in Bangladesh after
27824-546: The retreat to continue to Washington. Lee decided that his army, despite taking heavy losses during the spring and summer, was ready for an invasion of the North. His goal was to penetrate the major Northern states of Maryland and Pennsylvania and cut off the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line that supplied Washington, D.C. He also needed to supply his army and knew the farms of the North had been untouched by war, unlike those in Virginia . And he wished to lower Northern morale, believing that an invading army wreaking havoc inside
28012-446: The river despite the flooding. The battle was tactically inconclusive, but there were two strategic effects. First, Johnston was wounded during the battle and was replaced by the more aggressive General Robert E. Lee, who would lead this Army of Northern Virginia to many victories in the war. Second, General McClellan chose to abandon his offensive operations to lay siege and await reinforcements he had requested from President Lincoln; as
28200-424: The river. Lee then moved onto the offensive, conducting a series of battles that lasted seven days (June 25 – July 1) and pushed McClellan back to a safe but nonthreatening position on the James River. McClellan actually struck first on June 25 at the Battle of Oak Grove , during which two Union divisions attempted to seize ground on which McClellan planned to build siege batteries. McClellan planned to attack again
28388-543: The river. Pressured by Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his military advisor Robert E. Lee, Johnston decided to attack the smaller Union force south of the river, hoping that the flooded Chickahominy, swollen from recent heavy rains, would prevent McClellan from moving to the southern bank. The Battle of Seven Pines (also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks), fought on May 31 – June 1, 1862, failed to follow Johnston's plan, due to faulty maps, uncoordinated Confederate attacks, and Union reinforcements, which were able to cross
28576-399: The same position multiple times, appearing to be a larger force. As the Union Army drew towards the outer defenses of Richmond, it became divided by the Chickahominy River , weakening its ability to move troops back and forth along the front. McClellan kept most of his army north of the river, expecting McDowell to march from northern Virginia; only two Union corps (IV and III) were south of
28764-428: The same privileges including social security, foreign law, and state scholarships as students at state universities. Educational services of private universities are not subject to value added tax , and donations are tax-deductible. Accreditations must be renewed regularly and can be withdrawn, e.g., in the case of repeated academic misconduct as happened in 2003 when the accreditation of International University Vienna
28952-437: The second army that threatened Richmond and then continuing north on an invasion of Maryland. President Lincoln reacted to McClellan's failure by appointing John Pope to command the newly formed Army of Virginia . Pope had achieved some success in the western theater, and Lincoln sought a more aggressive general than McClellan. The Army of Virginia consisted of over 50,000 men in three corps. Three corps of McClellan's Army of
29140-451: The state of West Virginia ). Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan , commanding the Department of the Ohio , ordered troops to march from Grafton and attack the Confederates under Col. George A. Porterfield . The skirmish on June 3, 1861, known as the Battle of Philippi , or the "Philippi Races", was the first land battle of the Civil War. His victory at the Battle of Rich Mountain in July was instrumental in his promotion that fall to command
29328-621: The student-teacher ratio is typically lower and there are more opportunities for hands-on learning. Additionally, private universities in Oman often have more flexible curriculums and can respond quickly to changing labor markets and global trends. All private universities in Oman must be recognized by the Omani Ministry of Higher Education to offer degree programs and receive approval for new degrees. The Ministry has procedures and standards that all universities must meet to receive accreditation and recognition as an institution of higher education. The Higher Education Commission (HEC), formerly
29516-403: The study (some of these institutes are state-funded institutions of their home countries) and these charges are often a fraction of the cost of studying in the home countries of these institutions. Efforts to establish private universities have been blocked due to protests from state universities' undergraduates and leftist political parties. Many private colleges have sprung up since, including
29704-450: The success of his Valley Campaign, Stonewall Jackson became the most celebrated soldier in the Confederacy (until he was eventually eclipsed by Lee) and lifted the morale of the public. In a classic military campaign of surprise and maneuver, he pressed his army to travel 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days of marching and won five significant victories with a force of about 17,000 against combined foes of 60,000. George B. McClellan spent
29892-428: The tasks of training and administration. He was also strongly ambitious, and by November 1, he had maneuvered around Winfield Scott and was named general-in-chief of all the Union armies, despite the embarrassing defeat of an expedition he sent up the Potomac River at the Battle of Ball's Bluff in October. North Carolina was an important area to the Confederacy because of the vital seaport of Wilmington and because
30080-721: The term "university" as opposed to "private university" in their advertisements in all languages except German while still complying with Austrian law. While the legal definition of "private university" prohibits funding by the federal government of Austria, funding by other public bodies is not prohibited. Consequently, some of Austria's private universities are partly or wholly funded by provincial governments, while others are fully privately funded. Accreditation of private universities began in 2001. As of 2020 , Austria has 16 private universities. Most are small (fewer than 1000 students) and specialize in only one or two fields of study. Four former private universities are not accredited anymore:
30268-725: The town, forcing the surrender of the garrison of more than 12,000 men on September 15. Jackson led most of his soldiers to join the rest of Lee's army, leaving A.P. Hill 's division to complete the occupation of the town. McClellan moved out of Washington with his 87,000-man army in a slow pursuit, reaching Frederick on September 13. There, two Union soldiers discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed campaign plans of Lee's army—General Order Number 191—wrapped around three cigars. The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically, thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail. McClellan waited 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence,
30456-532: The university received a $ 3.4 million grant from the NIH International Collaborations in Infectious Disease Research Program to support a partnership between the Emory Vaccine Center and the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) in New Delhi , India to study dengue virus infection in India. The Emory University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) and the Emory Vaccine Center are world leaders in AIDS Vaccine Development and HIV Pathogenesis studies are funded by nine different institutes of
30644-406: The university received an $ 8.9 million grant over five years from the NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to better understand the role of reactive oxygen species and inflammation in blood vessel function and to explore new interventions and preventive approaches for atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms . In 2015, the university received an $ 8 million grant over five years from
30832-483: The university's rankings. For example, while the office reported an 89% graduation rate within the top 10% of the class, the actual figure stood at only 75%. Consequently, following the investigation, the individuals responsible either resigned or were terminated, and the university issued a public apology to address the misconduct. To prevent future inaccuracies in data collection and reporting, Emory University took corrective actions in 2012 and 2013. These measures included
31020-410: The war effort were recognized by christening a ship, M.S. Emory Victory, which served during World War II and the Korean War. In the 1940s, Emory University students, alumni, and faculty served in the Asia-Pacific War and European theater of World War II . Lieutenant Commander James L. Starnes, a graduate of Emory Law, was the navigator of the battleship USS Missouri and served as officer of
31208-501: The war to be at an end without the resolution of Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865. The theater was bounded by the Appalachian Mountains to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. By far, the majority of battles occurred in the 100 miles between the cities of Washington and Richmond. This terrain favored the Confederate defenders because a series of rivers ran primarily west to east, making them obstacles rather than avenues of approach and lines of communication for
31396-464: The war, university enrollment boasted two military students for every one civilian. Emory University alumni would go on to serve in the Korean War , Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), Persian Gulf War , Yugoslav Wars , and the Global War on Terrorism . The women's movement and civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s in the United States profoundly shaped the future of Emory University. Formerly an all-male school, Emory officially became
31584-469: The war. Emory College, as with the entire Southeastern United States , struggled to overcome financial devastation during the Reconstruction Era . In 1880, Atticus Greene Haygood , Emory College President, delivered a speech expressing gratitude for the end of slavery in the United States , which captured the attention of George I. Seney, a New York banker. Seney gave Emory College $ 5,000 to repay its debts, $ 50,000 for construction, and $ 75,000 to establish
31772-482: The western theater armies of Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman were marching up the interior of the Carolinas, where they eventually forced the surrender of the largest remaining Confederate field army, under Joseph E. Johnston, on April 26, 1865. In the spring of 1862, Confederate exuberance over First Bull Run declined quickly, following the early successes of the Union armies in the western theater, such as Fort Donelson and Shiloh . George B. McClellan's massive Army of
31960-405: The western theater the following year, in 1864, and took control of operations in Virginia. Under Grant, Union forces captured Richmond after several bloody battles of the Overland Campaign and a nine-month siege near the cities of Petersburg and Richmond . The surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox Court House in April 1865 brought major operations in the area to a close, essentially guaranteeing
32148-455: The winter of 1861–62 training his new Army of the Potomac and fighting off calls from President Lincoln to advance against the Confederates. Lincoln was particularly concerned about the army of General Joseph E. Johnston at Centreville , just 30 miles (50 km) from Washington. McClellan overestimated Johnston's strength and shifted his objective from that army to the Confederate capital of Richmond. He proposed to move by water to Urbanna on
32336-427: The world, different countries have different regulations regarding accreditation for private universities and as such, private universities are more common in some countries than in others. Some countries do not have any private universities at all. Egypt currently has 21 public universities with about two million students and 23 private universities with 60,000 students. Egypt has many private universities including
32524-474: Was able to defeat Frémont and James Shields (from McDowell's command), respectively, on June 8 and June 9. Following these engagements, Union forces were withdrawn from the Valley. Jackson joined Robert E. Lee on the Peninsula for the Seven Days Battles (where he delivered an uncharacteristically lethargic performance, perhaps because of the strains of the Valley Campaign). He had accomplished his mission, withholding over 50,000 needed troops from McClellan. With
32712-490: Was attacked by converging Confederate columns and was soundly defeated, losing over 1,300 casualties and much of his supplies (including 9,000 small arms, a half million rounds of ammunition, and several tons of supplies); they withdrew north across the Potomac River. Jackson attempted pursuit but was unsuccessful, due to looting by Ashby's cavalry and the exhaustion of his infantry; after a few days of rest, he followed Banks's forces as far as Harpers Ferry, where he skirmished with
32900-423: Was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for his successful implementation of the Sunshine Policy . Laney would later serve as United States Ambassador to South Korea and Emory graduate school, founded in 1919, was named in his honor in 2009. In 2005, the university presented the President Medal, a rare award conferred only on individuals whose impact on the world has enhanced the dominion of peace or has enlarged
33088-448: Was discussed for three months in the capital until Lincoln approved McClellan's proposal in early March. By March 9, however, Johnston withdrew his army from Centreville to Culpeper , making McClellan's Urbanna plan impracticable. McClellan then proposed to sail to Fort Monroe and then up the Virginia Peninsula (the narrow strip of land between the James and York rivers) to Richmond. Lincoln reluctantly agreed. Before departing for
33276-450: Was founded in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia , by the Methodist Episcopal Church . The college was named in honor of the departed Methodist bishop John Emory . Ignatius Alphonso Few was the college's first president. In 1854, the Atlanta Medical College, a forerunner of Emory University School of Medicine , was founded. On April 12, 1861, the American Civil War began. Emory College was closed in November 1861 and all of its students enlisted on
33464-437: Was made a member of the CDC's Prevention Epicenters Program, a research program in which CDC's Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP) collaborates with academic investigators to conduct innovative infection control and prevention research. In 2015, Emory University, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , the Public Health Foundation of India , and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences established
33652-417: Was marked by frequent clashes in 1862, 1863, and 1864. Lee launched two unsuccessful invasions of Union territory in hopes of influencing Northern opinion to end the war. In the fall of 1862, Lee followed his successful Northern Virginia Campaign with his first invasion, the Maryland Campaign , which culminated in his strategic defeat in the Battle of Antietam . In the summer of 1863, Lee's second invasion,
33840-414: Was named as one of the world's most important antiviral drugs by the World Health Organization and is included in their Model List of Essential Medicines . Emory University was one of three institutions that successfully treated medical evacuees during the 2014 ebola outbreak . In 2015, the United States Department of Health and Human Services named Emory University the lead coordinating center for
34028-402: Was ordered to seize the Union arsenal at Harpers Ferry, which commanded Lee's supply lines through the Shenandoah Valley; it was also a tempting target, virtually indefensible. McClellan requested permission from Washington to evacuate Harpers Ferry and attach its garrison to his army, but his request was refused. In the Battle of Harpers Ferry , Jackson placed artillery on the heights overlooking
34216-535: Was passed to allow the accreditation of private universities. The Akkreditierungsrat (Accreditation Council) evaluates applicants and issues recommendations to the responsible Austrian accreditation authority (the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science & Research). Accreditation by the council yields a couple of privileges: degrees issued by accredited private universities have the same legal status as those issued by state-run universities. Private universities can appoint or promote professors . Their students enjoy
34404-433: Was placed under arrest temporarily until Dean Henry Burton Trimble negotiated his release. Emory helped the nation prepare for war by participating in the V-12 Navy College Training Program and Army Specialized Training Program , programs designed to supplement the force of commissioned officers in the United States Navy and United States Army . The Candler School of Theology trained men for military chaplaincy . During
34592-400: Was ranked 17th among colleges and universities in the United States in a The Wall Street Journal survey. Emory was named as one of the "25 New Ivies" in 2006 by Newsweek . Emory has also been referred to as a " Hidden Ivy ". In 2024, Forbes included Emory in its list of 20 new ivies. The Princeton Review named Emory University School of Law as one of the best 169 law schools in
34780-427: Was repulsed with heavy casualties. Despite being a Union tactical victory, McClellan still ordered Porter to retreat south towards the rest of the Union army, fearing that Porter would be surrounded by vastly superior Confederate forces by morning. Porter set up defensive lines near Gaines's Mill, covering the bridges over the Chickahominy. Lee continued his offensive at the Battle of Gaines's Mill , June 27, launching
34968-432: Was to send Jackson and Stuart with half of the army on a flanking march to cut Pope's line of communication, the Orange & Alexandria Railroad . Pope would be forced to retreat and could be defeated while moving and vulnerable. On the evening of August 26, after passing around Pope's right flank, Jackson's wing of the army struck the railroad at Bristoe Station and before daybreak August 27 marched to capture and destroy
35156-405: Was typical of the campaign and earned his infantrymen the nickname of "Jackson's foot cavalry". He sent his horse cavalry directly north to make Banks think that he was going to attack Strasburg, but his plan was to defeat the small outpost at Front Royal and quickly attack Banks's line of communication at Harpers Ferry . On May 23, at the Battle of Front Royal , Jackson's army surprised and overran
35344-413: Was withdrawn. In 2006, when the accreditation of Imadec University expired, the Accreditation Council rejected any renewal requests. Austrian law provides that private universities in Austria must use the term Privatuniversität ("private university") in their German names, although their formal names in other languages are not regulated. Thus, there is the possibility of private institutions employing
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