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67-617: Morse's father had a large role in the towing business on the Kennebec River in Maine. Charles was already involved in the shipping business while a student at Bowdoin College , and at his graduation in 1877 he had accumulated a sizable capital. After college he went into business with his father and a cousin, Harry F. Morse, forming C.W. Morse & Company and engaging in an extensive business shipping ice and lumber. After profiting in

134-641: A shipyard to repair ships servicing this transportation hub. In 1891 Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company delivered its first ship, the tugboat Dorothy . By 1897 NNS had built three warships for the US Navy : USS  Nashville , Wilmington and Helena . When Collis died in 1900, his nephew Henry E. Huntington inherited much of his uncle's fortune. He also married Collis' widow Arabella Huntington , and assumed Collis' leadership role with Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. Under Henry Huntington's leadership, growth continued. In 1906

201-587: A German U-boat off Queenstown on the Irish coast. His assistant, Frederic Gauntlett, was also on board, but was able to swim to safety. Homer Lenoir Ferguson was company vice president when Hopkins died, and assumed the presidency the following August. He saw the company through both world wars, became a noted community leader, and was a co-founder of the Mariners' Museum with Archer Huntington. He served until July 31, 1946, after World War II had ended on both

268-604: A consequence, ocean tides and saltwater fish species, such as the endangered Atlantic Sturgeon , can go upriver affecting the ecology as far north as Waterville, a small city located more than 35 miles inland. Tributaries of the Kennebec include the Carrabassett River , Sandy River , and Sebasticook River . Segments of the East Coast Greenway run along the Kennebec. The name "Kennebec" comes from

335-483: A rate of 9,111 cubic feet per second (258.0 m /s). The United States government maintains three river flow gauges on the Kennebec river. The first is at Indian Pond ( 45°30′40″N 69°48′39″W  /  45.51114°N 69.81080°W  / 45.51114; -69.81080  ( Indian Pond, Maine ) ) where the rivershed is 1,590 square miles (4,100 km ). Flow here has ranged from 161 to 32,900 cubic feet per second (4.6 to 931.6  m /s ). The second

402-400: A second bid to purchase the company after a failed bid in 1999. Such a merger would have eliminated competition for the production of Virginia -class submarines , which have only been made by Newport News and GD subsidiary Electric Boat . Northrop Grumman matched GD with a similar bid, and following a Department of Justice anti-trust lawsuit to block GD's bid, GD called off their bid. Now as

469-510: A year to reconvert them to passenger service. The Yarmouth resumed regular service on the Boston to Yarmouth route, while the Evangeline sailed on weekly cruises from New York to Bermuda. The condition of the ship, even after the refit, lead to maintenance issues, along with higher costs of fuel and labor. This would lead to the sailings being canceled after a few months, and the Evangeline

536-488: Is at Bingham ( 45°3′6″N 69°53′12″W  /  45.05167°N 69.88667°W  / 45.05167; -69.88667  ( Bingham, Maine ) ) where the rivershed is 2,715 square miles (7,030 km ). Flow here has ranged from 110 to 65,200 cu ft/s (3.1 to 1,846.3 m /s). The third is at North Sidney ( 44°28′21″N 69°41′09″W  /  44.47250°N 69.68583°W  / 44.47250; -69.68583  ( Bingham, Maine ) ) where

603-587: The Eastern Abenaki /kínipekʷ/ , meaning "large body of still water, large bay". In 1605, French explorer Samuel de Champlain navigated the coast of what is now Maine , charting the land and rivers of what was then called New France , L'Acadie , including the Kennebec as far upriver as present-day Bath , as well as the St. Croix , and Penobscot rivers. In the 1600s the Abenaki village of Norridgewock

670-604: The George Washington and Robert E. Lee , to replace outdated ships in their Old Dominion division for the summer New York to Norfolk Route. The ships were also designed by naval architect Theodore Ferris and built at Newport News Shipbuilding . They would replace the Hamilton and Jefferson. The ships were launched in 1925 under the Old Dominion Line flag, but would later change that same year to sail on

737-889: The Hudson River - the People's Line, established in 1835, and the Citizens' Line, established in 1872 - and organized the Hudson Navigation Company to operate them. They were collectively known as the Hudson River Night Line. The People's Line named its new 411-foot steamer C.W. Morse in his honor in 1904. Morse acquired control of the Metropolitan Steamship Company from the Whitney interests in 1906. He organized

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804-546: The Mallory Steamship Company ; as MV  Doulos she was until 2009 the world's oldest active ocean-faring passenger ship . In the early years, leaders of the Newport News community and those of the shipyard were virtually interchangeable. Shipyard president Walter A. Post served from March 9, 1911, to February 12, 1912, when he died. Earlier, he had come to the area as one of the builders of

871-664: The New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company and the New York and Porto Rico Steamship Company in 1907. He parlayed this success into a prominent role in high finance in New York City. A failure speculating in 1907 led to the collapse of banking interests Morse had acquired driving his steamship lines into receivership, for varying periods, in February 1908. Indicted by United States District Attorney Henry L. Stimson , Morse

938-606: The U.S. state of Maine . It rises in Moosehead Lake in west-central Maine . The East and West Outlets join at Indian Pond and the river flows southward. Harris Station Dam , the largest hydroelectric dam in the state, was constructed near that confluence. The river is joined at The Forks by its tributary the Dead River , also called the West Branch. It continues south past the towns of Madison , Skowhegan ,

1005-465: The West Indies and the southern United States for ice. In 1826, Rufus Page built the first large ice house near Gardiner, in order to supply Tudor. The ice was harvested during the winter from the river by farmers and others who were otherwise relatively inactive. They cut it by hand, floated the huge chunks to an ice house on the bank, and stored it until spring. Then, packed in sawdust, the ice

1072-586: The "City of Ships". The Wyoming , one of the largest wooden schooners ever built, was constructed here. For parts of the 17th century, the Kennebec was the western boundary of Cornwall County, Province of New York . Following the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain, the US enjoyed a lengthy period of expansion of international trade, which increased the demand for shipbuilding and stimulated

1139-400: The 1970s, NNS launched two of the largest tankers ever built in the western hemisphere and also constructed three liquefied natural gas carriers – at over 390,000 deadweight tons, the largest ever built in the United States. NNS and Westinghouse Electric Company jointly formed Offshore Power Systems to build floating nuclear power plants for Public Service Electric and Gas Company . In

1206-536: The 1980s, NNS produced a variety of Navy products, including Nimitz -class nuclear aircraft carriers and Los Angeles -class nuclear attack submarines. Since 1999 the shipyard has only produced warships for the Navy. In 2007, the US Navy found that workers had used the incorrect metal to fuse together pipes and joints on submarines under construction and this could have eventually led to cracking and leaks. In 2009 it

1273-647: The Abenaki Indian mission village at Norridgewock in August 1724 crippled the Abenaki resistance, as they killed as many as 40 inhabitants, including women and children. They also killed and scalped Fr. Sebastien Rasle, the 67-year old Jesuit priest, and scalped 26 of the dead Abenaki. Having plundered and torched the tribal village, the Yankee raiders destroyed the surrounding corn fields; they were paid bounties for

1340-468: The C&;O Railway's terminals, and had served as the first mayor of Newport News after it became an independent city in 1896. It was on March 14, 1914, that Albert Lloyd Hopkins, a young New Yorker trained in engineering, succeeded Post as president of the company. In May 1915 while traveling to England on shipyard business aboard RMS  Lusitania , Hopkins died when that ship was torpedoed and sunk by

1407-689: The Consolidated Steamship Company in January 1907 as a holding company for the Eastern Steamship Company, Metropolitan Steamship Company, Clyde Steamship Company and Mallory Steamship Company. Despite an initial announcement of such a sale, Morse failed in an attempt to purchase the Long Island Sound steamers of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad . He did, however, acquire control of

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1474-622: The Edwards Dam was built across the Kennebec River, just shy of the limit of tidal influence. Made of timber and concrete, it extended 917 feet (280 m) across the river and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. Its reservoir stretched 17 miles (27 km) upstream, and covered 1,143 acres (4.63 km ). In 1999, the dam was removed, after the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) determined that

1541-477: The European and Pacific fronts. Just northwest of the shipyard, Hilton Village , one of the first planned communities in the country, was built by the federal government to house shipyard workers in 1918. The planners met with the wives of shipyard workers. Based on their input 14 house plans were designed for the projected 500 English-village-style homes. After the war, in 1922, Henry Huntington acquired it from

1608-481: The Kennebec gorge just below Harris Station Dam . Acknowledging the desire of young people for a space solely dedicated to kids, absent of adult gatherings and limiting constraints, in 1998 Northern Outdoors opened Adventure Bound - Maine's only youth focused whitewater rafting company for kids and families. In the early 21st century, Northern Outdoors and 22 other rafting companies in The Forks conduct rafting on

1675-654: The New York to Boston route. The ships had to be stable enough to cross Block Island Sound but narrow enough to pass through the Cape Cod Canal . Two new ships, the Boston and New York , were built at Maryland Steel Company at Sparrows Point. Each ship was 402 feet long, with 345 staterooms. They entered service in 1924, replacing the North Land and Calvin Austin. In 1924 Eastern would order two additional ships,

1742-558: The US government for use in World War I. By the end of World War I, the Boston and Yarmouth were seen as old and obsolete, and after the war the government sold the Boston to private interests. After the war, Eastern Steamship Line took advantage of the United States Shipping Board loans initiative for American built ships . In 1923, Eastern hired naval architect Theodore Ferris to design new ships for

1809-438: The United States, although she was a modest size compared with the biggest European liners of her era. NNS launched California ' s sister ships Virginia in 1928 and Pennsylvania in 1929. NNS followed them by launching two even larger turbo-electric liners for Dollar Steamship Company : the 21,936  GRT SS  President Hoover in 1930, followed by her sister President Coolidge in 1931. SS  America

1876-690: The city of Newport News , Virginia , its facilities span more than 550 acres (2.2 km ). The shipyard is a major employer, not only for the lower Virginia Peninsula , but also portions of Hampton Roads south of the James River and the harbor, portions of the Middle Peninsula region, and even some northeastern counties of North Carolina . The shipyard is building two Gerald R. Ford -class aircraft carriers : USS  John F. Kennedy  (CVN-79) , and USS  Enterprise  (CVN-80) . In 2013, Newport News Shipbuilding began

1943-613: The city of Waterville , and the state capital Augusta . At Richmond , it flows into Merrymeeting Bay , a 16-mile-long (26 km) freshwater tidal bay into which also flow the Androscoggin River and five smaller rivers. The Kennebec runs past the shipbuilding center of Bath , and has its mouth at the Gulf of Maine in the Atlantic Ocean . The Southern Kennebec flows below the fall line and does not have rapids. As

2010-603: The creation and sale of substantial holdings known as the "Ice Trust," Morse returned to the realm of shipping in 1901, when he established the Eastern Steamship Company by consolidating the Boston and Bangor Steamship Company, dating from 1834; the Portland Steam Packet Company, organized in 1843; and the International Steamship Company, established in 1859. In 1902 Morse acquired control of both overnight steamboat lines on

2077-637: The deactivation of the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, USS  Enterprise  (CVN-65) , which it also built. Newport News Shipbuilding also performs refueling and complex overhaul (RCOH) work on Nimitz -class aircraft carriers . This is a four-year vessel renewal program that not only involves refueling of the vessel's nuclear reactors but also includes modernization work. The yard has completed RCOH for five Nimitz -class carriers ( USS  Nimitz , USS  Dwight D. Eisenhower , USS  Carl Vinson , USS  Theodore Roosevelt and USS  Abraham Lincoln ). As of November 2017 this work

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2144-429: The ecological benefits of removing it outweighed the value of the electricity it produced, and refused the renewal of the dam license. Despite several negative visual and environmental factors at first, the ecosystem is healing itself. Initially after the removal of the dam, barren riverbanks and muddy water were evident along the lower 17 miles (27 km) of the Kennebec. Introduced smallmouth bass will suffer from

2211-627: The few yards still building warships for the United States Navy . The USCGC Kennebec was named after this river. With waterways the most accessible travel routes, the Kennebec River served as an early trade corridor to interior Maine from the Atlantic coast. Ocean ships could navigate upstream as far as Augusta. The cities of Bath, Gardiner , Hallowell and Augusta, and the towns of Woolwich , Richmond and Randolph , all developed along this transportation corridor. Upstream of Augusta,

2278-527: The first lines to reflag their vessels to a flag of convenience with the less strict Liberian registry. The line was still able to keep many of its routes, but without a U.S. registry, it would no longer be allowed to go directly between American ports. With ongoing financial troubles the Yarmouth was sold in 1954 to Frank Leslie Fraser of the Miami based McCormick Steamship Corporation for $ 500,000. The ship

2345-422: The flatlands along the river through these towns and cities. England's 1710 conquest of Acadia brought mainland Nova Scotia under English control, but New France still claimed present-day New Brunswick and present-day Maine east of the Kennebec River. (The Kennebec River was also a border for the indigenous Native Americans and First Nations. ) To secure its claim, New France established Catholic missions in

2412-433: The fleets vessels for military duty on both the Atlantic and Pacific. Many of Eastern's ships would be torpedoed and sunk during the war, leaving few ships to return to service after the conflict was over. After the war, only two of Eastern's fleet, the Yarmouth and Evangeline were in condition to return to service. The ships were officially returned to Eastern by the U.S. government in February 1946, and it would take

2479-475: The flood's peak, the flow topped out at an estimated 232,000 cubic feet per second (6,600 m /s). It caused damage of about $ 100,000,000 (equivalent to about $ 268,000,000 in 2023), flooding 2,100 homes, destroying 215, and damaging 240 others. Signs of the flood can still be found in the towns and cities that line the river. In 1976 Suzanne and Wayne Hockmeyer, of Kennebec Whitewater Expeditions (now Northern Outdoors), pioneered whitewater rafting through

2546-400: The government, and helped facilitate the sale of the homes to shipyard employees and other local residents. Three streets there were named after Post, Hopkins, and Ferguson. The Lusitania incident was among the events that brought the United States into World War I. Between 1918 and 1920 NNS delivered 25 destroyers , and after the war it began building aircraft carriers . USS  Ranger

2613-517: The growth of maritime fleets. Many of those ships were built in Bath. In 1854, at the peak of this boom period, at least nineteen major firms were building ships in Bath. Changes in the industry since the mid-20th century have resulted in the decline in US shipbuilding, as jobs moved offshore. The sole remaining shipyard in Bath is the Bath Iron Works , owned by General Dynamics ; this is one of

2680-789: The line, the Acadia and the Saint John . Constructed at Newport News Shipbuilding , Newport News, Virginia , they would sail from New York to Norfolk , along with cruises from those ports to Bermuda or Nassau . These two ships would end up being the final ships built for the Eastern Steamship Line. Eastern Steamship Lines served as operator for the War Shipping Administration in World War II. The United States government requisitioned all of

2747-473: The official Eastern Steamship Line flag. The vessels would be charted in the winters 1925–1927 to Clyde Line for the New York to Jacksonville and Miami route. In 1927, Eastern Steamship Line replaced Prince George and Prince Arthur with two new purpose-built sister ships: the Evangeline and Yarmouth . Built at William Cramp & Sons , Philadelphia , the ships would sail on the Boston to Yarmouth route. In 1932, two more deep water ships were built for

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2814-408: The post-war years NNS built the passenger liner SS  United States , which set a transatlantic speed record that still stands today. In 1954 NNS, Westinghouse and the US Navy developed and built a prototype nuclear reactor for a carrier propulsion system. NNS designed USS  Enterprise in 1960. In 1959 NNS launched its first nuclear-powered submarine , USS  Robert E. Lee . In

2881-864: The previously isolated coalfields, adjacent to the New River and the Kanawha River in West Virginia . In 1881, the Peninsula Extension of the C&O was built from Richmond down the Virginia Peninsula to reach a new coal pier on Hampton Roads in Warwick County near the small unincorporated community of Newport News Point . However, building the railroad and coal pier was only the first part of Huntington's dreams for Newport News. In 1886, Huntington built

2948-598: The re-introduced striped bass, which tend to feed on young smallmouth bass. An increase in raptor populations, such as ospreys , bald eagles , herons , cormorants , and kingfishers , is evident. Human activities also benefited from the dam removal. The exposure of rapids and the return of native fish species allows many recreational activities, including canoeing , kayaking , whitewater rafting , and fishing . The river drains 5,869 square miles (15,200 km ), and on average discharges 5.893 billion US gallons (22,310,000 m ) per day into Merrymeeting Bay at

3015-501: The region reduced the runs of such fish. The removal of dams on the river has been a controversial local issue in recent years. The removal of the Edwards Dam in 1999 has led to increased anadromous activity on the river. The following is a list of hydroelectric power stations on the Kennebec River. The Kennebec River before the construction of Edwards Dam was extremely important as a spawning ground for Atlantic fish. In 1837,

3082-648: The revolutionary HMS  Dreadnought launched a great naval race worldwide. Between 1907 and 1923, Newport News built six of the US Navy 's total of 22 dreadnoughts – USS  Delaware , Texas , Pennsylvania , Mississippi , Maryland and West Virginia . All but the first were in active service in World War II . In 1907 President Theodore Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet on its round-the-world voyage. NNS had built seven of its 16 battleships . In 1914 NNS built SS Medina for

3149-519: The river daily from May through October. Four times per rafting season, Brookfield Power tests their generating turbines by releasing the maximum amount of water possible from Harris Station Dam. At 8000 cubic feet per second, these Kennebec River Turbine Tests are the biggest whitewater releases in Maine. Prior to the industrial era, the river contained many anadromous fish , in particular the Atlantic salmon . The exploiting of hydroelectric power in

3216-566: The river was dammed, it was navigable as far as Augusta. Newport News Shipbuilding Newport News Shipbuilding ( NNS ), a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries , is the sole designer, builder, and refueler of aircraft carriers and one of two providers of submarines for the United States Navy . Founded as the Chesapeake Dry Dock and Construction Co. in 1886, Newport News Shipbuilding has built more than 800 ships, including both naval and commercial ships. Located in

3283-636: The rivershed is 5,403 square miles (13,990 km ). Flow here has ranged from 1,160 to 232,000 cu ft/s (33 to 6,570 m /s). Two additional river stage gauges (no flow data) are in Augusta ( 44°19′06″N 69°46′17″W  /  44.31833°N 69.77139°W  / 44.31833; -69.77139  ( Augusta, Maine ) ) and Gardiner ( 44°13′50″N 69°46′16″W  /  44.23056°N 69.77111°W  / 44.23056; -69.77111  ( Gardiner, Maine ) ); both of these gauge heights are affected by ocean tides. Before

3350-657: The scalps. Some Abenaki survivors returned to the Upper Kennebec, but others took refuge with Penobscot allies or in Abenaki mission villages in French Canada. Some 1,110 American Revolutionary War soldiers followed the route of the Kennebec during Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec in 1775. During the War of 1812 , United States and British Canadian forces fought at the Battle of Hampden in Maine. In 1814, Frederic Tudor began to establish markets in

3417-502: The sole bidder, Northrop Grumman purchased the company for $ 2.6 billion and renamed it "Northrop Grumman Newport News". This division was merged with Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in 2008 and given the name " Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding ". Three years later, the company was spun off as Huntington Ingalls Industries , Inc., which trades under the symbol HII on the New York Stock Exchange . Other ships built at

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3484-683: The steamships Yarmouth , Prince Arthur , and Prince George form the Canadian Pacific Railway . The vessels operated under the subsidiary called the Boston & Yarmouth Steamship Company, also known as the Yarmouth Line. In 1914 Eastern Steamship Corporation went into receivership, and when it emerged in 1917 it had been reorganized as the Eastern Steamship Lines. Much of its fleet served during World War I . Eastern Steamship Lines sold Boston to

3551-531: The three largest native villages in the region: one on the Kennebec River ( Norridgewock ); one further north on the Penobscot River ( Penobscot ), and one on the Saint John River ( Medoctec ). Abenaki warriors along the Kennebec resisted English encroachment by armed confrontations, in what American historians sometimes refer to as Father Rale's War (1722–1725). A Yankee militia raid on

3618-435: The timber industry used the river for log driving , to transport wooden logs and pulpwood from interior forests to sawmills and paper mills built along the river to use its water power . The city of Waterville and the towns of Winslow , Skowhegan, Norridgewock , Madison, Anson , and Bingham were all related to the lumber trade. The Maine Central Railroad and U.S. Route 201 were later constructed to make use of

3685-600: The war. It founded the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company , an emergency yard on the banks of the Cape Fear River and launched its first Liberty ship before the end of 1941, building 243 ships in all, including 186 Libertys. For its contributions during the war, the Navy awarded the company its "E" pennant for excellence in shipbuilding. NNS ranked 23rd among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. In

3752-459: Was convicted of violations of federal banking laws. He was sentenced to 15 years in the Atlanta federal penitentiary in November 1908 but remained free on appeal. The company was reincorporated in October 1909 in Maine with Morse as president. The Metropolitan Steamship Company and Maine Steamship Company were consolidated with the Eastern Steamship Company in 1911 to form Eastern Steamship Corporation. In 1912 The Eastern Steamship Corporation bought

3819-528: Was delivered in 1934, and NNS went on to build Yorktown and Enterprise . After World War I NNS completed a major reconditioning and refurbishment of the ocean liner SS  Leviathan . Before the war she had been the German liner Vaterland , but the start of hostilities found her laid up in New York Harbor and she had been seized by the US Government in 1917 and converted into a troopship . War duty and age meant that all wiring, plumbing, and interior layouts were stripped and redesigned while her hull

3886-422: Was formed by the Eastern Steamship Corporation, the rebranded company that had originally purchased the Yarmouth and the Evangeline . However, it was revived in name only, with no official corporate connection to the previous company, but with similar southern routes from the previous line. Kennebec River The Kennebec River ( Abenaki : Kinəpékʷihtəkʷ ) is a 170-mile-long (270 km) river within

3953-460: Was found that bolts and fasteners in weapons-handling systems on four Navy submarines, New Mexico , North Carolina , Missouri , and California , were installed incorrectly, delaying the launching of the boats while the problems were corrected. In 1968, Newport News merged with Tenneco Corporation . In 1996, Tenneco initiated a spinoff of Newport News into an independent company (Newport News Shipbuilding). In 2001, General Dynamics made

4020-453: Was laid up in New York. After a seaman strike in 1950, the American Merchant Marine required better crew accommodation and facilities for all American flagged vessels. Eastern Steamship Lines, which was already struggling financially, would not be able to afford the required updates, along with the conversion of some of the for-profit passenger cabins into non-profit crew cabins. Eastern Steamship would curtail this requirement by becoming one of

4087-452: Was launched in 1939 and entered service with United States lines shortly before World War II but soon returned to the shipyard for conversion to a troopship, USS West Point . By 1940 the Navy had ordered a battleship, seven more aircraft carriers and four cruisers . During World War II , NNS built ships as part of the U.S. government's Emergency Shipbuilding Program , and swiftly filled requests for " Liberty ships " that were needed during

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4154-416: Was loaded aboard ships and sent to the South. On April 1, 1987, a combination of more than 6 feet (1.8 m) of melting snow and 4 to 6 inches (100 to 150 mm) of rain in the mountains forced the river to flood its banks. By April 2, 1987, the river had crested at the North Sidney, Maine USGS gage at 39.31 ft (11.98 m), 13.3 ft (4.1 m) higher than the previous record flood stage. At

4221-475: Was located along the Kennebec. The English founded the Popham Colony along the Kennebec in 1607. The settlers built the Virginia of Sagadahoc , the first oceangoing vessel built in the New World by English-speaking shipwrights. An English trading post, Cushnoc , was established on the Kennebec in 1628. Bath and other cities along the Kennebec were developed, and artisans founded shipyards that produced hundreds of wooden and steel vessels. Bath became known as

4288-411: Was on September 19, 1954, and the last ship to sail for line. She would be sold to the Eastern Shipping Corporation and would join her former sister for cruises to the Bahamas and Caribbean. The remainder of the Eastern owned piers, and laid up vessel Acadia , would be sold off, and all business would cease by 1955. The company name would be revived in 1965 creating a new Eastern Steamship Line . This

4355-428: Was renamed Queen of Nassau , and sailed within a division of the non-related Eastern Shipping Corporation. The Evangeline took over the Yarmouth's Boston to Yarmouth route during the 1954 summer season. The Canadian government would withdraw its subsidy, after ordering a new ferry MV Bluenose , for the 1955 summer season, which would lead to the end of the Eastern Steamship Line. The Evangeline 's final sailing

4422-413: Was strengthened and her boilers converted from coal to oil while being refurbished. Virtually a new ship emerged from NNS in 1923, and SS Leviathan became the flagship of United States Lines . In 1927 NNS launched the world's first significant turbo-electric ocean liner: Panama Pacific Line 's 17,833  GRT SS  California . At the time she was also the largest merchant ship yet built in

4489-429: Was underway for the sixth Nimitz -class vessel, USS  George Washington . Industrialist Collis P. Huntington (1821–1900) provided crucial funding to complete the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (C&O) from Richmond, Virginia , to the Ohio River in the early 1870s. Although originally built for general commerce, this C&O rail link to the midwest was soon also being used to transport bituminous coal from

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