Misplaced Pages

#543456

115-833: It overlaps the Edinburgh International Festival and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe , as well as some of the other events that comprise the Edinburgh Festival . Jenny Niven is the Director and CEO. The first Book Festival took place in a tent in Edinburgh in 1983. Initially a biennial event, it began to be held annually in 1997. It is a large (225,000 visitors in 2015) and growing international event, central to Edinburgh's acclaimed August arts celebrations. Perhaps partly as

230-464: A Skolstrejk för Klimatet ( School Strike for Climate ) sign and handing out informational flyers. After the election, Thunberg spoke in front of supporters, telling them to use phones to film her. She then said she would continue school striking for the climate every Friday until Sweden was in compliance with the Paris climate agreement . Thunberg's youth and blunt speaking manner fueled her rise to

345-666: A WDHT for-profit subsidiary, We Don't Have Time AB, of which he is the chief executive officer. Thunberg stated that she received no money from the company and terminated her volunteer advisor role with WDHT once she realized they were making money from her name. Throughout the autumn of 2018, Thunberg's activism evolved from a solitary protest to taking part in demonstrations throughout Europe, making several high-profile public speeches, and mobilizing her followers on social media platforms. In December, after Sweden's 2018 general election, Thunberg continued to school strike – but only on Fridays. She inspired school students across

460-415: A centre of world resort for lovers of music, drama, opera, ballet and the graphic arts. Certain preconditions were obviously required of such a centre. It should be a town of reasonable size, capable of absorbing and entertaining anything between 50,000 and 150,000 visitors over a period of three weeks to a month. It should, like Salzburg, have considerable scenic and picturesque appeal and it should be set in

575-622: A cheap, non-establishment alternative. In 2008 there were two separate festivals running at the same time as the main Book Festival. The first was the Edinburgh Book Fringe , which held its events at the Word Power (now Lighthouse) bookshop on Nicolson Street, Edinburgh. The Book Fringe still runs as of 2023, now holding events at the nearby Argonaut and Typewronger bookshops, as well as in its original home. The second

690-530: A city he had visited and admired in 1939. In particular, Edinburgh's castle reminded him of Salzburg where he had been the festival director before the war. Harvey Wood described the meeting at which the idea was hatched: The Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama was first discussed over a lunch table in a restaurant in Hanover Square , London , towards the end of 1944. Rudolf Bing, convinced that musical and operatic festivals on anything like

805-795: A complaint before the relevant "treaty body", the Committee on the Rights of the Child. If the complaint succeeds, the countries will be asked to respond, but any suggestions are not legally binding. In late September 2019 Thunberg entered Canada where she participated in climate protests in the cities of Montreal , Edmonton and Vancouver , including leading a climate rally as part of the 27 September 2019 Global Climate Strike in Montreal. The school strikes for climate on 20 and 27 September 2019 were attended by over four million people, according to one of

920-562: A country likely to be attractive to tourists and foreign visitors. It should have sufficient number of theatres, concert halls and open spaces for the adequate staging of a programme of an ambitious and varied character. Above all it should be a city likely to embrace the opportunity and willing to make the festival a major preoccupation not only in the City Chambers but in the heart and home of every citizen, however modest. Greatly daring but not without confidence I recommended Edinburgh as

1035-594: A crisis we change our behavior and adapt to the new circumstances for the greater good of society." Thunberg and School Strike for Climate subsequently moved their activities online. On 20 August 2020, the second anniversary of Thunberg's first strike, Thunberg and fellow climate activists Luisa Neubauer , Anuna de Wever van der Heyden and Adélaïde Charlier met with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin. They subsequently announced plans for another global climate strike on 25 September 2020. Neubauer said that whether

1150-466: A desperately needed real sustainable transition and deepen our dependency on Russian fuels. The hypocrisy is striking, but unfortunately not surprising." In November 2022, Thunberg, along with over 600 young people from a youth-led Swedish activist group called Auroramålet (translation "the aurora target") that refers to itself as "Aurora" in English, filed a lawsuit in a Stockholm district court against

1265-457: A global pandemic. She also said that India's students had been deeply impacted by the floods that hit states such as Bihar and Assam , which caused mass destruction. On 3 February 2021, Thunberg tweeted her support of the ongoing 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest . Effigies of Thunberg were burned in Delhi by nationalists who opposed the farmers' protests. Thunberg's tweet was criticized by

SECTION 10

#1732766251544

1380-455: A group interested in doing something about climate change. Thunberg attended a few of their meetings. At one of them, Thorén suggested that school children could strike for climate change. Thunberg tried to persuade other young people to get involved but "no one was really interested", so eventually she decided to go ahead with the strike by herself. On 20 August 2018, Thunberg, who had just started ninth grade, decided not to attend school until

1495-1002: A million students each. To avoid carbon-intensive flying, Thunberg sailed on a carbon-free yacht from England to New York where she addressed the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit . In her speech, Thunberg scolded the world's leaders by exclaiming " How dare you " in reference to their perceived indifference and inaction to the climate crisis. Her admonishment made worldwide headlines. After Thunberg graduated from high school in 2023, her activism continued to gain international attention and her protest tactics have become increasingly assertive. As an adult, her protests have included both peaceful demonstrations and acts of civil disobedience such as defying lawful orders to disperse, which have led to arrests, convictions, and an acquittal. Thunberg's activism has evolved to include other causes, supporting Ukraine, Palestine, and Armenia in their respective conflicts with Russia, Israel, and Azerbaijan. Thunberg's rise to world fame made her an ad hoc leader in

1610-466: A petition to the United Nations, calling it to declare a level 3 global climate emergency , with the aim of creating a special team that will coordinate the response to the climate crisis at an international level. In December 2021, Thunberg reiterated her criticism of U.S. president Joe Biden, saying, "If you call him a leader – I mean, it's strange that people think of Joe Biden as a leader for

1725-474: A podcast containing these interviews and other highlights. On 11 January 2020, Thunberg called on German company Siemens to stop the delivery of railway equipment to the controversial Carmichael coal mine , operated by a subsidiary of Indian company Adani Group in Australia, but on 13 January, Siemens said that it would continue to honour its contract with Adani. On 21 January 2020, Thunberg returned to

1840-723: A result of this, Edinburgh was named the first UNESCO City of Literature in 2004. The Festival in Charlotte Square was cancelled in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic but some events were held online. In 2016 there were over 800 authors and others from over 55 countries in the 17 days that the festival ran. Events ranged from writing workshops, education events, panel discussions, to talks and performances by international writers, poets, playwrights, musicians, illustrators, historians and philosophers. There are events for both adults and children. Past festivals have featured

1955-463: A ride across the Atlantic Ocean. Riley Whitelum and his wife, Elayna Carausu, two Australians who had been sailing around the world aboard their 48-foot (15 m) catamaran La Vagabonde , offered to take her. So on 13 November 2019, Thunberg set sail from Hampton , Virginia, for Lisbon, Portugal. Her departing message was the same as it has been since she began her activism: "My message to

2070-454: A road in Malmö. She was again forcibly removed by police and later criminally charged. On 11 October 2023, Thunberg's second Swedish trial for disobedience (disobeying a police order to disperse) occurred. She was found guilty for the 24 July 2023 incident and ordered to pay fines totaling 4,500 Swedish crowns ($ 414). On 4 August 2023, Thunberg cancelled a prearranged appearance that was to occur

2185-532: A series of other important British companies such as the Glasgow Citizens' Theatre , The English Stage Company , Royal Shakespeare Company , Traverse Theatre , Prospect Theatre Company , and the National Theatre of Great Britain . One of the festival's first dramatic success came in 1948 when an adaptation of Sir David Lyndsay 's The Thrie Estaites was performed to great acclaim for

2300-507: A stand. She can either sit at home and be really unhappy, or protest and be happy." Her diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome was made public nationwide in Sweden by her mother in May 2015, in order to help families in similar situations. While acknowledging that her diagnosis "has limited [her] before", Thunberg does not view her Asperger's as an illness, and has instead called it her "superpower". She

2415-545: A week. One Swedish climate-focused social media company was We Don't Have Time (WDHT), founded by Ingmar Rentzhog. He said her strike began attracting public attention only after he turned up with a freelance photographer and posted Thunberg's photograph on his Facebook page and Instagram account, and a video in English that he posted on the company's YouTube channel. Rentzhog subsequently asked Thunberg to become an unpaid youth advisor to WDHT. He then used her name and image without her knowledge or permission to raise millions for

SECTION 20

#1732766251544

2530-415: A woodland outside Stockholm. In the interview, Thunberg criticized the promotional campaigns the fashion industry uses to appear sustainable without "actually doing anything to protect the environment" and called the campaigns " greenwashing ". On the same day, she used Twitter to criticize the fashion industry as "a huge contributor" to the climate and ecological "emergency" and "not to mention its impact on

2645-630: Is a collection of festivals with more than 2,500 performances and events every day in Edinburgh in August, which is said to be many times larger than any similar conglomeration of arts and media festivals anywhere in the world. Greta Thunberg Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɡrêːta ˈtʉ̂ːnbærj] ; born 3 January 2003) is a Swedish environmental activist known for challenging world leaders to take immediate action to mitigate

2760-439: Is all wrong. I shouldn't be up here. I should be back in school on the other side of the ocean. Yet you all come to us young people for hope. How dare you!       You have stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words. And yet I'm one of the lucky ones. People are suffering. People are dying. Entire ecosystems are collapsing. We are in the beginning of a mass extinction, and all you can talk about

2875-526: Is also an Unbound programme which takes place in the evening, with free music and spoken word events sponsored by Edinburgh Gin. In May 2016 a pilot satellite literary event, organised by the Book Festival, took place in Falkirk called LandWords. In August 2016, using the name Booked!, the Book Festival held events in three other locations in Scotland ( Aberdeen , Greenock and Galashiels ). This expansion

2990-590: Is good, but as teachers, they say I should stop." After Thunberg posted a photo of her first strike day on Instagram and Twitter, other social media accounts quickly took up her cause. High-profile youth activists amplified her Instagram post, and on the second day, other activists joined her. A representative of the Finnish bank Nordea quoted one of Thunberg's tweets to more than 200,000 followers. Thunberg's social media profile attracted local reporters, whose stories earned international coverage in little more than

3105-654: Is money and fairy tales of eternal economic growth. How dare you! — Greta Thunberg, New York 23 September 2019 On 23 September 2019, Thunberg attended the UN Climate Action Summit in New York City. That day the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) hosted a press conference where Thunberg joined 15 other children, including Ayakha Melithafa , Alexandria Villaseñor , Catarina Lorenzo , and Carl Smith. Together,

3220-759: Is on fire." She addressed the British , European and French parliaments ; in the latter case several right-wing politicians boycotted her. In a short meeting with Thunberg, Pope Francis thanked her and encouraged her to continue her activism. By March 2019, Thunberg was still staging her regular protests outside the Swedish parliament every Friday, where other students occasionally joined her. According to her father, her activism did not interfere with her schoolwork, but she had less spare time. She finished lower secondary school with excellent grades: 14 As and three Bs. In July 2019, Time magazine reported Thunberg

3335-646: Is part of a series taking place at the financial centres around the world, including New York City, San Francisco and Nairobi . She told the BBC journalist Andrew Marr that banks should "stop funding our destruction", ahead of the UN COP26 climate summit. At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, Thunberg attended a panel on climate change hosted by British actress Emma Watson . In November 2021, Thunberg, along with other climate activists, filed

3450-680: Is published under Penguin 's Allen Lane Imprint books. On 14 February 2023, the Climate Book was released in the United States and elsewhere. An extract from The Climate Book and reviews are available. On 14 January 2023, Thunberg spoke during a protest in Lützerath , calling on the German authorities to stop the expansion of a nearby coal mine. She was detained along with other activists by German police while demonstrating at

3565-698: The 2018 Swedish general election on 9 September; her protest began after the heat waves and wildfires during Sweden's hottest summer in at least 262 years. Her demands were that the Swedish government reduce carbon emissions in accordance with the Paris Agreement , and she protested by sitting outside the Riksdag every day for three weeks during school hours with the sign Skolstrejk för klimatet ("School strike for climate"). Thunberg said her teachers were divided about her missing class to make her point. She says: "As people, they think what I am doing

Edinburgh International Book Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue

3680-608: The BBC , her father said: "To be honest, [her mother] didn't do it to save the climate. She did it to save her child, because she saw how much it meant to her, and then, when she did that, she saw how much [Greta] grew from that, how much energy she got from it." Thunberg credits her parents' eventual response and lifestyle changes with giving her hope and belief that she could make a difference. Asked in September 2021 whether she felt guilty about ending her mother's international career, she

3795-453: The BJP -led Indian government, which said that it was an internal matter. In her initial tweet, Thunberg linked to a document that provided a campaigning toolkit for those who wanted to support the farmers' protest. It contained advice on hashtags and how to sign petitions, and it also included suggested actions beyond those directly linked to the farmers' protest. She soon deleted the tweet, saying

3910-649: The Edinburgh College of Art , where it stayed until 2023. In 2024, it moved to a new permanent home at the University of Edinburgh Futures Institute on the site of the former Royal Infirmary in Lauriston Place, with some events taking place in other nearby venues. As with all large and successful festivals, the Book Festival has sprouted a number of fringe events over the years. In 2004 and 2006 an event called Thirsty Lunch promoted itself as

4025-471: The English Opera Group . Major artists came to Edinburgh during the first thirty years, such as the conductors Claudio Abbado , Daniel Barenboim , Thomas Beecham , Fritz Busch , Christoph von Dohnányi , Ferenc Fricsay , Alexander Gibson , Carlo Maria Giulini , Vittorio Gui , Rafael Kubelik , Georg Solti , Alberto Erede , János Ferencsik , John Pritchard , and Carlos Kleiber , and

4140-752: The Le Comédie Française , Düsseldorf Theatre Company , The Stratford Ontario Festival Company , Abbey Theatre Dublin , Theatre on the Balustrade, Prague , La Mama Company, New York and the Noh and Bunraku companies from Japan. Noted directors in the early years included E. Martin Browne , Peter Ustinov , Gustav Gründgens , Tyrone Guthrie and Michael Benthall , while in the 1960s and 1970s Frank Dunlop , Richard Eyre , Toby Robertson , Luca Ronconi , and Andrei Serban brought productions to

4255-453: The March for Our Lives in support of greater gun control . In May 2018, Thunberg won a climate change essay competition held by Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet . In part, she wrote: "I want to feel safe. How can I feel safe when I know we are in the greatest crisis in human history?" After the paper published her article, Thunberg was contacted by Bo Thorén from Fossil Free Dalsland,

4370-564: The Nobel Peace Prize . Greta Tintin Eleonora Ernman Thunberg was born on 3 January 2003, in Stockholm , Sweden, to opera singer Malena Ernman and actor Svante Thunberg . Her paternal grandfather was actor and director Olof Thunberg . As explained by The Week , "with a thespian father" and singer mother, "it is perhaps unsurprising that [Thunberg] has a slightly unusual name.... Thunberg shares her second name with

4485-590: The Royal Scottish Academy , and Canada 101 , a focus on contemporary Canadian art, all in 1968. Sixteenth century Italian drawings from British private collections (at Merchants' Hall), Contemporary Polish art , and Jack Coia gold medallist were shown in 1969. For 1970, the exhibitions were Early Celtic art and Contemporary German art from Düsseldorf . The Belgian contribution to surrealism , Sir Walter Scott Bicentenary and Contemporary Romanian art exhibitions were offered in 1971. In 1972

4600-574: The Sonja Henie — Niels Onstad Collection in Oslo in 1962. Modigliani and Soutine were shown in a double exhibition, together with Music and Dance in Indian Art, in 1963. There was an exhibition of Delacroix in 1964, Corot in 1965, and Rouault in 1966. The third decade began with Derain in 1967, followed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Wotruba , a Boudin to Picasso exhibition at

4715-529: The Standing Rock Indian Reservation with Tokata Iron Eyes . In various cities, Thunberg's keynote speech began by acknowledging that she was standing on land that originally belonged to Indigenous peoples , saying: "In acknowledging the enormous injustices inflicted upon these people, we must also mention the many enslaved and indentured servants whose labour the world still profits from today." Thunberg had intended to remain in

Edinburgh International Book Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue

4830-637: The Stuttgart State Opera , Royal Opera Stockholm , Glyndebourne Opera, Covent Garden Opera , Belgrade Opera , the English Opera Group , Teatro San Carlo, Naples , Budapest Opera and Ballet , National Theatre, Prague , the Holland Festival and the Bavarian State Opera , with an average of four or five productions each year. Also from 1965, an Edinburgh Festival Opera began to offer locally created shows. During

4945-601: The World Economic Forum held in Davos , Switzerland, delivered two speeches, and participated in panel discussions hosted by The New York Times and the World Economic Forum. Thunberg used many of the themes contained in her previous speeches, but focused on one in particular: "Our house is still on fire." Thunberg joked that she cannot complain about not being heard, saying: "I am being heard all

5060-447: The adventuring creation of Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, better known as Hergé ." She has a younger sister, Beata.       I was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome , OCD and selective mutism . That basically means I only speak when I think it's necessary. Now is one of those moments. — Greta Thunberg, Stockholm November 2018 Thunberg says she first heard about climate change in 2011, when she

5175-480: The plenary session of the 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP24) went viral. She said that the world leaders present were "not mature enough to tell it like it is". In the first half of 2019, she joined various student protests around Europe, and was invited to speak at various forums and parliaments. At the January 2019 World Economic Forum , Thunberg gave a speech in which she declared: "Our house

5290-528: The 1960s and 1970s. The visual arts were not featured in the first two festivals in 1947 and 1948, but from 1949 they became an important part of the events. There were major exhibitions at the National Gallery of Scotland and Royal Scottish Academy . These included Rembrandt in 1950, Spanish Paintings ( El Greco to Goya ) in 1951, Degas in 1952, Renoir in 1953, Cézanne in 1954, Gauguin in 1955, and Braque in 1956. The second decade of

5405-515: The Americans is the same as to everyone – that is to unite behind the science and to act on the science." Thunberg arrived in the Port of Lisbon on 3 December 2019, then travelled on to Madrid to speak at COP25 and to participate with the local Fridays for Future climate strikers. During a press conference before the march, she called for more "concrete action", arguing that

5520-629: The Americas to travel overland to attend the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25) originally planned in Santiago, Chile, in December. However, it was announced on short notice that COP25 was to be moved to Madrid, Spain, because of serious public unrest in Chile . Thunberg has refused to fly because of the carbon emissions from air travel, so she posted on social media that she needed

5635-563: The Earth's climate. Thunberg also contributed writings to the book and is credited as its author. She donated her copyright and all royalties generated by the book to her foundation and will not personally profit from sales or other commercial uses. While on her 2022 midterm Autumn break from school, Thunberg embarked on a publicity campaign for the book's initial release, which occurred in the UK on 27 October 2022 and in Australia on 1 November 2022; it

5750-500: The Esplanade of Edinburgh Castle , a structure that was followed in subsequent years. The Festival has taken place every year since 1947, except for 2020 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic . A scaled-back version of the festival was held in 2021. The idea of a Festival with a remit to "provide a platform for the flowering of the human spirit" and enrich the cultural life of Scotland, Britain and Europe took form in

5865-767: The European Climate Law. There she declared that she considered the new proposal for a climate law published by the European Commission to be a surrender. On 24 August 2020, Thunberg ended her " gap year " from school when she returned to the classroom. The COVID-19 pandemic severely restricted travel and meetings in 2020 and 2021. In early 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused worldwide implementation of mitigation measures , including social distancing , quarantine , and face coverings . On 13 March 2020, Thunberg stated that "In

SECTION 50

#1732766251544

5980-530: The Festival are: Other venues that have sometimes been used in the past include: About ten other festivals are held in Edinburgh at about the same time as the International Festival. Collectively, the entire group is referred to as the Edinburgh Festival or Edinburgh Festivals. Most notable is the Edinburgh Festival Fringe , which started as an offshoot of the International Festival in

6095-855: The Jockey Club Cup in 1944. This sum was matched by Edinburgh Town Council and then some money in turn was matched by the Arts Council of Great Britain under the chairmanship of John Maynard Keynes. Bing also co-founded the Festival with Henry Harvey Wood, Head of the British Council in Scotland, Sidney Newman, Reid Professor of Music at Edinburgh University, and a group of civic leaders from the City of Edinburgh, in particular Sir John Falconer. The first International Festival took place between 22 August and 11 September 1947, and it remained an event straddling August and September until 2015, when

6210-631: The Paperback Bookshop and Traverse Theatre, eventually led to the Edinburgh International Book Festival also staged in August. The British Army's desire to showcase itself during the festival period led to the independent staging of the first Edinburgh Military Tattoo , featuring displays of piping and dancing, in 1950. This annual event has come to be regarded as a part of the official festival, though it continues to be organised separately. The result

6325-674: The Russian embassy in Stockholm holding a sign that read "Stand With Ukraine." On 29 June 2023, Thunberg met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and other prominent European figures to form a working group to address ecological damage from the 16-month-old Russian invasion. On 6 July 2022, Thunberg criticized the European Parliament for voting to label fossil gas and nuclear energy as "green" energy. She called that decision "hypocrisy," and stated that "This will delay

6440-767: The Scottish painter Alan Davie was featured at the Royal Scottish Academy, followed in 1973 by Permanences e l'Art Francais in the same gallery, as well as Objects USA at the City of Edinburgh Art Gallery, and a Tyrone Guthrie exhibition . Many works have received their world premieres at the Edinburgh International Festival, from T. S. Eliot 's The Cocktail Party and The Confidential Clerk in 1949 and 1953, to James MacMillan 's 2018 version of Quickening and Symphony No. 5 , both in 2019. The principal venues of

6555-421: The Spanish Ballet of Pilar López , the Yugoslav Ballet and the Royal Danish Ballet . Drama was an important feature of the Edinburgh International Festival from its inception, and right through the successful early years. The Old Vic Theatre Company, like Glyndebourne for opera and Sadler's Wells for ballet, gave their strong support to the festival in the beginning, and over the years they were joined by

6670-525: The Swedish government for climate inaction within Sweden. On 21 March 2023, the Nacka District Court allowed the class action lawsuit that posits Sweden has an "insufficient climate policy" to proceed. In late 2022 , Thunberg's The Climate Book was released. It is a compilation in which she brought together over one hundred experts—geophysicists, oceanographers and meteorologists; engineers, economists and mathematicians; historians, philosophers and indigenous leaders—who wrote essays focusing on changes to

6785-434: The annual Climate Live concert to highlight climate change. Their first concert was held in April 2021. In May 2021, she addressed the COVID-19 crisis again, when she urged a change in the food production system and the protection of animals and their habitats. Thunberg's comments, which came amidst calls for meat-free alternatives, also addressed health concerns regarding animal welfare and the environment. Thunberg said that

6900-407: The beginning of their careers, while the long-lived pianist Artur Rubinstein had a career that seemingly spanned both eras. Some of the most impressive performers of the early years had their careers cut short in the 1950s, notably Kathleen Ferrier , Guido Cantelli , Ginette Neveu and Dennis Brain . Edinburgh remained at the centre of the musical world during the second decade (1957–1966) of

7015-407: The centre and promised to make preliminary investigations. Wood approached Falconer, who enthusiastically welcomed the initiative on behalf of the city. As it was too late to finalise arrangements for 1946, plans were made for the following year. It was first financed by Lord Rosebery with the £10,000 winnings of his horse Ocean Swell that won the only two major horse-races run in wartime including

SECTION 60

#1732766251544

7130-412: The chairmanship of John Maynard Keynes . Bing also co-founded the Festival with Henry Harvey Wood , Head of the British Council in Scotland, Sidney Newman, Reid Professor of Music at Edinburgh University , and a group of civic leaders from the City of Edinburgh, in particular Sir John Falconer . Bing had looked at several English cities before shifting his focus to Scotland and settling on Edinburgh,

7245-449: The city. Well-known actors included Ralph Richardson , Alec Guinness , John Gielgud , Sybil Thorndike , Lewis Casson , Emlyn Williams , Claire Bloom , Alan Badel , Peter Finch , Richard Burton , Fay Compton , Ann Todd , Eric Porter and Edwige Feuillère in the early period, while Anna Calder-Marshall , Derek Jacobi , Felicity Kendal , Ian McKellen , John Neville , Edward Petherbridge , and Timothy West first appeared in

7360-480: The climate activist community. She faced heavy criticism, much of it mocking her as a naïve teenager. Thunberg's influence on the world stage has been described by The Guardian and other media as the "Greta effect". She has received honours and awards , including in Time 's 100 most influential people , named the youngest Time Person of the Year in 2019, inclusion in the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women (2019), and nominations for

7475-483: The climate crisis in a speech at the Youth4Climate Summit in Milan . Thunberg also criticized and doubted organizers of climate conferences, saying, "They invite cherry-picked young people to meetings like this to pretend they are listening to us. But they are not." A month later, Thunberg took part in a protest in London, demanding that the financial system stop funding companies and projects that use fossil fuels , such as coal, oil and natural gas. The protest in London

7590-706: The climate movement or Fridays for Future and have found a purpose in life and found friendship and a community that they are welcome in." She considers the best things that have resulted from her activism to be friendships and happiness. For about two years, Thunberg challenged her parents to lower the family's carbon footprint and overall impact on the environment by becoming vegan , upcycling , and giving up flying . She has said she showed them graphs and data, but when that did not work, she warned her family that they were stealing her future. Giving up flying in part meant her mother had to abandon international ventures in her opera career. Interviewed in December 2019 by

7705-411: The climate when you see what his administration is doing," alluding to the U.S. expansions on use of fossil fuels during the Biden administration. Thunberg further lamented that activists and teenagers are needed in order to bring awareness about climate change. On 6 February 2022, Thunberg condemned the British firm Beowulf and its mining of iron on Sámi land. She said, "We believe that the climate,

7820-520: The co-organisers. Hundreds of thousands took part in the protest, described as the largest in the city's history. The mayor of Montreal gave her the Freedom of the City award. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was in attendance, and Thunberg spoke briefly with him. While in the United States, Thunberg participated in climate protests in New York City with Alexandria Villaseñor and Xiye Bastida , in Washington, D.C., with Jerome Foster II , Iowa City , Los Angeles, Charlotte , Denver with Haven Coleman , and

7935-477: The conductors Herbert von Karajan , Rafael Kubelík , Charles Munch , Wolfgang Sawallisch , and Leonard Bernstein , the pianists Claudio Arrau , Solomon , and Rudolf Serkin , the string players Yehudi Menuhin , Pierre Fournier , Isaac Stern , and Amadeus String Quartet , and the singers Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau , Victoria de los Ángeles , Boris Christoff , Elisabeth Schwarzkopf , and Peter Pears were all present in Edinburgh concert and recital halls from

8050-625: The countless workers and communities who are being exploited around the world in order for some to enjoy fast fashion that many treat as disposables." Thunberg's wearing of wool during the photoshoot garnered criticism from other vegans, who said it promoted animal cruelty. According to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), she was unaware that the clothing was made of real animal-derived wool. On 28 September 2021, Thunberg criticized U.S. president Joe Biden , British prime minister Boris Johnson , Indian prime minister Narendra Modi and other world leaders over their promises to address

8165-560: The dates of the Edinburgh International Festival was brought forward to begin and end in August. This brought the International Festival back in sync with the Fringe which had shifted dates several years earlier. From the beginning, the festival had a broad coverage, but with an emphasis on classical music, a highlight of the first season being concerts given by the Vienna Philharmonic , reunited with their erstwhile conductor Bruno Walter , who had left Europe after Germany's annexation of Austria in 1938. Many notable musicians appeared at

8280-891: The directors Carl Ebert , Peter Ebert , Götz Friedrich , Colin Graham , Jean-Pierre Ponnelle , Günther Rennert , Giorgio Strehler , Luchino Visconti , Wieland Wagner and Franco Zeffirelli . Star singers appearing in staged operas included Victoria de los Angeles , Teresa Berganza , Maria Callas , Lisa della Casa , Ileana Cotrubaș , Sena Jurinac , Birgit Nilsson , Magda Olivero , Renata Scotto , Anja Silja , Elisabeth Söderström , Joan Sutherland , Galina Vishnevskaya , and Ljuba Welitsch , Luigi Alva , Sesto Bruscantini , Boris Christoff , Fernando Corena , Geraint Evans , Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau , Nicolai Gedda , Tito Gobbi , Alfredo Kraus , George London , Luciano Pavarotti , Peter Pears , Hermann Prey , Giuseppe Di Stefano , Wolfgang Windgassen , and Fritz Wunderlich . Ballet

8395-484: The document was "outdated", and linked to a different one "to enable anyone unfamiliar with the ongoing farmers protests in India to better understand the situation and make decisions on how to support the farmers based on their own analysis." The Indian climate activist who edited the toolkit, Disha Ravi , was arrested under the charges of sedition and criminal conspiracy on 16 February 2021. Thunberg's speech during

8510-516: The effects of human-caused climate change . Thunberg's climate activism began when she persuaded her parents to adopt lifestyle choices that reduced her family's carbon footprint . In August 2018, aged 15, Thunberg began skipping school, vowing to remain out of school until after a Swedish election to attempt to influence the outcome. She protested outside the Swedish parliament where she called for stronger action on climate change by holding up

8625-401: The environment, clean air, water, reindeer herding, indigenous rights and the future of humanity should be prioritized above the short-term profit of a company. The Swedish government needs to stop the colonization of Sami." On Friday, 25 February 2022, Thunberg combined her usual Friday climate protests to include opposing the invasion of Ukraine by Russian military forces . She stood outside

8740-476: The facts of the case against her were accurate, Thunberg said that due to the existential and global threat to the climate caused by the fossil fuel industry, her protest was a form of self-defence. She was sentenced by the court to pay fines totaling 2,500 SEK (approximately US$ 240). Within hours after the court convicted her, Thunberg attended a similar protest where Reclaim the Future again blocked oil tankers on

8855-636: The festival began with Monet in 1957, followed by two exhibitions, Masterpieces of Byzantine Art and the Moltzau Collection ( Cézanne to Picasso ) featured in 1958, Masterpieces of Czech Art in 1959, German Expressionist Painting in 1960, and an Epstein Memorial Exhibition together with a selection from the Bührle Collection ( Zürich ) in 1961. Modern Primitive Paintings from Yugoslavia and Matisse and After (from

8970-438: The festival during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Besides Bruno Walter , they included the conductors Wilhelm Furtwängler , John Barbirolli , Thomas Beecham , Adrian Boult , Fritz Busch , Josef Krips , Pierre Monteux and Vittorio Gui , the pianist Artur Schnabel , the violinist Joseph Szigeti , and the singer Lotte Lehmann , all of whom appeared in Edinburgh late their careers. Rising stars of post-war Europe, such as

9085-456: The festival over the sponsorship, accusing the firm of greenwashing by sponsoring cultural events. In May 2024, the festival announced that it was terminating Baillie Gifford's sponsorship. Edinburgh International Festival The Edinburgh International Festival is an annual arts festival in Edinburgh , Scotland, spread over the final three weeks in August. Notable figures from

9200-558: The festival to heal the wounds of war through the languages of the arts. This is its principal raison d’être . It was first financed by Lord Rosebery with the £10,000 winnings of his horse Ocean Swell that won the only two major horse-races run in wartime including the Jockey Club Cup in 1944. This sum was matched by Edinburgh Town Council and then some money in turn was matched by the Arts Council of Great Britain under

9315-477: The festival. In the early years, Glyndebourne fulfilled this role, bringing two productions a year between 1947 and 1951. Hamburg took over in 1952, with no less than six productions. Glyndebourne returned from 1953 to 1955, now with three operas each year, with Hamburg coming again in 1956 with four productions. During the second decade (1957–1966), Edinburgh received a series of different opera companies, starting with La Scala (Piccola Scala) , and continuing with

9430-404: The festival. Leading conductors who performed in the city at that time included Otto Klemperer , Ernest Ansermet , Georg Solti , Carlo Maria Giulini , Yevgeny Mravinsky , István Kertész , Bernard Haitink , George Szell and Leopold Stokowski . During the third decade (1967-1976) a new group of artists came to Edinburgh, many of whom would dominate music for the rest of the century and into

9545-660: The first time since 1552 in the Assembly Hall on the Mound. The work was revived in 1948. 1949, 1951, 1959 and 1973. Companies came from all over the world, and with increasing frequency. In the first decade (1947–1956), from France, Italy and Canada, in the second (1957–1966), from France, Italy, Greece, Russia, and Poland, and in the third (1967–1976), from the USA, Sweden, Ireland, Poland, Bulgaria, East Germany, Italy, Romania, Japan, Belgium, and Switzerland. Notable groups included

9660-401: The first year of its operation (although not known as such at the beginning), and has since grown to be the world's largest arts and media festival. The Edinburgh International Film Festival also began in August 1947 with a programme of documentary films. In the 1990s this festival moved into June. The 1966 Writers' Festival begun by John Calder , Richard Demarco , Jim Haynes , founders of

9775-404: The following Friday, 11 August, at the Edinburgh International Book Festival to promote her book: The Climate Book . She said that as a climate activist she could not attend an event sponsored by Baillie Gifford  – an investment management firm – due to its connections with the fossil fuel industry. In making the announcement, the festival's Nick Barley said that he

9890-676: The global wave of school strikes over the previous year had "achieved nothing" because greenhouse gas emissions were still rising – by 4% since 2015. On 30 December 2019, Thunberg was guest editor of the BBC Radio's flagship current affairs programme, the Today Programme . Thunberg's edition of the programme featured interviews on climate change with Sir David Attenborough , Bank of England chief Mark Carney , Massive Attack 's Robert Del Naja, and Shell Oil executive Maarten Wetselaar. The BBC subsequently released

10005-470: The globe to take part in her Friday school strikes. In December alone, more than 20,000 students held strikes in at least 270 cities. Thunberg spoke out against the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate) 2020 and Joint Entrance Examination 2020 entrance exams, which were conducted in India in September. She said it was unfair for students to have to appear for exams during

10120-643: The group announced they had made an official complaint against five nations that were not on track to meet the emission reduction targets they committed to in their Paris Agreement pledges: Argentina, Brazil, France, Germany, and Turkey . The complaint challenged these countries under the Third Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child . The Protocol is a quasi-judicial mechanism that allows children or their representatives, who believe their rights have been violated, to bring

10235-501: The group photos have featured "School Strike for Climate" signage. On 19 June 2023, Thunberg took part in a Reclaim the Future protest in Malmö , Sweden, and was charged with disobeying a police order. On 24 July 2023, a trial was held at Malmö District Court where the prosecution presented its case against Thunberg for disobedience to authority after having disrupted traffic and refusing to follow police orders. While she acknowledged that

10350-551: The international world of music (especially classical music ) and the performing arts are invited to join the festival. Visual art exhibitions, talks and workshops are also hosted. The first 'International Festival of Music and Drama' took place between 22 August and 11 September 1947. Under the first festival director, the distinguished Austrian-born impresario Rudolf Bing , it had a broadly-based programme, covering orchestral, choral and chamber music, Lieder and song, opera, ballet, drama, film, and Scottish 'piping and dancing' on

10465-496: The likes of: Running alongside the general programme is a Children's programme . Incorporating workshops, storytelling, panel discussions, author events and book signings, the Children's programme is popular with both the public and schools alike, and is among the world's largest books and reading event for young people. It regularly attracts authors like Jacqueline Wilson , Joan Lingard , Charlie Higson and Anne Fine . There

10580-532: The next. They included conductors like Pierre Boulez , Colin Davis , Claudio Abbado , Kurt Masur , Zubin Mehta , Riccardo Muti , and Daniel Barenboim (who also often appeared as a pianist) and soloists like the pianists Claudio Arrau , Alfred Brendel , Murray Perahia , and Marta Argerich , and the string players Jacqueline du Pré and Itzhak Perlman . In addition an outstanding group of Soviet artists included

10695-409: The opencast coal mine of Garzweiler 2 , around 9 km from the village on 17 January, after police warned the group that they would be detained unless they moved away from the edge of the mine. The mine's owner RWE had earlier agreed with the government on demolishing Lützerath in exchange for a faster exit from coal and the saving of five villages originally slated for destruction. She was released

10810-622: The pianist Sviatoslav Richter , cellist and conductor Mstislav Rostropovich , violinists David Oistrakh and Leonid Kogan , and the soprano Galina Vishnevskaya . The founders of the Edinburgh Festival had been closely connected with the Glyndebourne Opera and from the beginning opera was an important part of the programme. The city did not have, and still does not have, ideal facilities for creating original staged opera productions, so guest companies were invited to

10925-589: The pre-war scale were unlikely to be held in any of the shattered and impoverished centres for many years to come, was anxious to consider and investigate the possibility of staging such a Festival somewhere in the United Kingdom in the summer of 1946. He was convinced and he convinced my colleagues and myself that such an enterprise, successfully conducted, might at this moment of European time, be of more than temporary significance and might establish in Britain

11040-490: The same day after an identity check. On 9 June 2023, Thunberg graduated high school and marked the day by attending what would technically be her last school strike for climate protest before receiving her diploma. She wore the Swedish traditional graduation white dress and white studentmössa (cap) to the protest. She vowed to continue, saying that her "fight has only just begun." In Thunberg's subsequent protest pictures that she posts to her social media accounts, some of

11155-557: The school climate strikes and public speeches for which she has become an internationally recognized climate activist . In an interview with Amy Goodman of Democracy Now! , she said she got the idea of a climate strike after school shootings in the United States in February 2018 led several youths to refuse to return to school. These teen activists at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida , went on to organize

11270-416: The start of the country's climate change mitigation goals. On 29 December 2020, during a BBC interview, Thunberg said that climate experts are not being listened to despite the COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the importance of using science to address such issues. She added that the COVID-19 crisis had "shone a light" on how "we cannot make it without science". Thunberg and other climate activists launched

11385-399: The status of a global icon. After Thunberg's first school strike for the climate, other students engaged in similar protests. They united and organized the school strike for climate movement. After Thunberg addressed the 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference , weekly climate strike protests took place on Fridays around the world. In 2019, coordinated multi-city protests involved over

11500-785: The strike in September is virtual in nature or in the streets would be determined by the pandemic situation. At a joint press conference with fellow activists echoing her sentiment, Neubauer said: "The climate crisis doesn't pause." On 14 December 2020, Thunberg used Twitter to criticize the New Zealand Labour Government 's recent climate change emergency declaration as " virtue signalling ", tweeting that New Zealand's Labour Government had only committed to reducing less than one percent of New Zealand's carbon emissions by 2025. In response, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and climate change Minister James Shaw defended New Zealand's climate change declaration as only

11615-615: The third decade (1967–1976), Edinburgh Festival Opera were prominent performers, together with the Glasgow -based Scottish Opera . Meanwhile, the tradition of inviting guest companies continued with the German companies Deutsche Oper Berlin , Deutsche Oper am Rhein , Hamburg State Opera , and Frankfurt Municipal Opera , the Italian companies Teatro Comunale, Florence and Teatro Massimo, Palermo , as well as National Theatre, Prague , Hungarian State Opera , and Royal Opera, Stockholm and

11730-530: The time." In February 2020, Thunberg travelled to Oxford University to meet Malala Yousafzai , a Nobel Peace Prize-winning Pakistani activist for female education who had been shot in the head by the Taliban as a schoolgirl. Thunberg was later to join a school strike in Bristol . On 4 March 2020, Thunberg attended an extraordinary meeting of the European Parliament 's Environment Committee to talk about

11845-552: The wake of the Second World War . The idea of creating an international festival within the UK was first conceived by Rudolf Bing , the General Manager of Glyndebourne Opera Festival , the arts patron Lady Rosebery, theatre director Sir Tyrone Guthrie, and Audrey Mildmay (wife of John Christie ) during a wartime tour of a small-scale Glyndebourne production of The Beggar's Opera . Rudolf Bing conceived of

11960-407: The way humans are destroying habitats are the perfect conditions for the spread of diseases and noted zoonotic illnesses such as COVID-19, Zika, Ebola, West Nile fever, SARS, MERS, among others. In July 2021, Thunberg received her COVID vaccine , saying: "I am extremely grateful and privileged to be able to live in a part of the world where I can already get vaccinated. The vaccine distribution around

12075-451: The world is extremely unequal. No one is safe until everyone is safe. But when you get offered a vaccine, don't hesitate. It saves lives." The inaugural edition of Vogue Scandinavia (August–September 2021) had a cover photograph of Thunberg shot by Swedish photography and conservationist duo Iris and Mattias Alexandrov Klum and an interview with her. The cover shows Thunberg wearing a trench coat while sitting with an Icelandic horse in

12190-517: Was announced as a carbon-neutral transatlantic crossing serving as a demonstration of Thunberg's declared beliefs of the importance of reducing emissions. The voyage took 15 days, from 14 to 28 August 2019. France 24 reported that several crew members would fly to New York to sail the Malizia II yacht back to Europe. On Thunberg's return voyage aboard the La Vagabonde catamaran, she

12305-452: Was disappointed but respected Thunberg's decision. "I share Greta's view that in all areas of society the rate of progress is not enough." He went on to say: "The book festival exists to give a platform for debate and discussion around key issues affecting humanity today – including the climate emergency . . . We strongly believe that Baillie Gifford are part of the solution to the climate emergency." In its response, Baillie Gifford said that it

12420-775: Was eight years old, and could not understand why so little was being done about it. The situation depressed her, and as a result, at the age of 11, she stopped talking and eating much and lost ten kilograms (22 lb) in two months. Eventually, she was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome , obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and selective mutism . In one of her first speeches demanding climate action, Thunberg described her selective mutism as meaning she "only speaks when necessary". Thunberg struggled with depression for almost four years before she began her school strike campaign. When she started protesting, her parents did not support her activism. Her father said he did not like her missing school but added: "[We] respect that she wants to make

12535-648: Was inaugurated at the festival with performances of The Sleeping Beauty with Margot Fonteyn , Robert Helpmann and the Sadler's Wells Ballet Company at the Empire Theatre . They returned in subsequent years, together with companies including the Ballets des Champs-Élysées from Paris, American National Ballet Theatre from New York, the Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas (Le Grand Ballet de Monte Carlo),

12650-518: Was later described as not only the best-known climate change activist, but also the best-known autism activist . In 2021, Thunberg said that many people in the Fridays for Future movement are autistic, and very inclusive and welcoming. She thinks that the reason so many autistic people become climate activists is that they cannot look away, and have to tell the truth as they see it: "I know lots of people who have been depressed, and then they have joined

12765-539: Was partially funded by the People's Postcode Lottery . Until 2019, the festival was primarily held in a set of marquees in Charlotte Square Gardens , Edinburgh , at the west end of George Street . In 2017, the event and some venues expanded into George Street, partly to cope with visitor numbers but also to reduce the festival's impact on the privately owned gardens. In 2021, the festival moved to

12880-725: Was quoted that she chose sailing as a way to send a message to the world that there is no real sustainable option to travel across the oceans. While in New York, Thunberg was invited to give testimony in the US House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis on 18 September. Instead of testifying, she gave an eight-sentence statement and submitted the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C as evidence.       This

12995-529: Was surprised by the question: "It was her choice. I didn't make her do anything. I just provided her with the information to base her decision on." The family's story is recounted in the 2018 book Scenes from the Heart , updated in 2020 as Our House Is on Fire: Scenes of a Family and a Planet in Crisis , with contributions from the girls, and the whole family credited as authors. In August 2018, Thunberg began

13110-402: Was taking a " sabbatical year " from school, intending to travel in the Americas while meeting people from the climate movement on her way to attend and address COP25 . In August 2019, Thunberg sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Plymouth , England, to New York City, in the 60-foot (18 m) racing yacht Malizia II , equipped with solar panels and underwater turbines . The trip

13225-700: Was the West Port Book Festival , which was centred on second-hand/antiquarian bookshops in the West Port area of the city. The latter ran from 2008 until 2012. Both fringe festivals provided free events and were seen as a less formal alternatives to the main festival. In 2023, an open letter signed by over 50 authors threatened to boycott the 2024 festival over its main sponsor, Baillie Gifford , an investment firm with "up to £5bn invested in corporations that profit from fossil fuels". This followed environmental activist Greta Thunberg pulling out of

#543456