45-451: (Redirected from Eighteen Songs ) Eighteen Songs or 18 Songs may refer to: Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute songs on handscroll commissioned by Emperor Gaozong of Song (1107–1187) 18 Essential Songs compilation by Janis Joplin Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
90-487: A handscroll of the songs accompanied by 18 painted scenes. Poet and composer Cai Yan (蔡琰), more commonly known by her courtesy name "Wenji", was the daughter of a prominent Eastern Han man of letters, Cai Yong (蔡邕). The family resided in Yu Prefecture, Chenliu Commandery , in what is now eastern Henan Province . Cai Wenji was born shortly before 178 CE and was married at the age of sixteen, according to
135-492: A 1.75% percent raise over the course of four years. Union representatives contrasted this with MFA director Matthew Teitelbaum's salary which, clocking in at nearly US$ 1 million, was almost 19 times larger than the average MFA worker. The Museum of Fine Arts possesses materials from a wide variety of art movements and cultures. The museum also maintains a large online database with information on over 346,000 items from its collection, accompanied with digitized images. Online search
180-481: A Nomad Flute Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute ( Chinese : 胡笳十八拍 ; pinyin : Hújiā Shíbā Pāi ) are a series of Chinese songs and poems about the life of Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE) poet Cai Wenji (蔡文姬). The songs were composed by Liu Shang , a poet of the middle Tang dynasty (618–907 CE). Later, in the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE), Emperor Gaozong (1107–1187 CE) commissioned
225-593: A focus on Native American art and culture. The events included special displays related to Cyrus Dallin 's 1908 Appeal to the Great Spirit , a popular and sometimes controversial sculpture of a Native American warrior located in front of the Huntington Avenue main entrance since 1912. Community comments and feedback concerning the monumental artwork were solicited and displayed. Earlier, in March 2019,
270-491: A former Union Army general, served as its first director, leading from 1876 to early 1902 when he resigned for health reasons. In 1907, plans were laid to build a new home for the museum on Huntington Avenue in Boston's Fenway–Kenmore neighborhood, near the recently opened Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum . Museum trustees hired architect Guy Lowell to create a design for a museum that could be built in stages, as funding
315-550: A nearby building then occupied by the Forsyth Institute , a dental and craniofacial research organization located at 140 Fenway . The original Beaux Arts building dates from around 1910, and was later expanded with a Brutalist annex building. The entire property comprised approximately 107,000 square feet (9,900 m ) on 1.6 acres (0.65 ha) of land, located across the street from the main MFA building. As of 2023 ,
360-485: A number of Buddhist statues being sold to private collectors. Some of these statutes came into the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts. Today, these statues are the subject of preservation and restoration efforts, which have been at times viewable by the public in special exhibits. In recent years, the museum has also collected a number of works by contemporary Japanese artists. In 2011, they acquired Zetsu no. 8 (絶),
405-494: A poem about Wenji called Hujia Shiba Pai (胡笳十八拍; "Eighteen Songs on a Nomad Flute "). Liu Shang's poem, accompanied by 18 scenes painted on a handscroll, was commissioned by Emperor Gaozong of Song (宋高宗). Four fragments, presumed to be of the original, are housed in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts . The earliest complete copy, apparently from the fourteenth century and formerly in the C. C. Wang collection, resides in
450-668: A variety of ticket prices. Members of MFA, Boston can also enjoy free admission to any special exhibitions. Philip Guston Now is an exhibition organized by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; the National Gallery of Art, Washington ; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston ; and Tate Modern , London. This show is also considered as America's most controversial art exhibition, as of May 2022. Its controversies are mainly due to much of his work addressing and confronting topics such as white supremacy , racism, anti-Semitism , and violence It
495-582: Is an art museum in Boston , Massachusetts. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the world, measured by public gallery area. It contains 8,161 paintings and more than 450,000 works of art, making it one of the most comprehensive collections in the Americas. With more than 1.2 million visitors a year, it is the 79th-most-visited art museum in the world as of 2022 . Founded in 1870 in Copley Square ,
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#1732766103950540-563: Is freely available through the Internet. The museum also maintains the Conservation and Art Materials Encyclopedia Online, (CAMEO) a database that "compiles, defines, and disseminates technical information on the distinct collection of terms, materials, and techniques used in the fields of art conservation and historic preservation". CAMEO uses MediaWiki . Some highlights of the collection include: The collection of Japanese art at
585-774: The Lime Green Icicle Tower , by Dale Chihuly . In 2014, the Art of the Americas Wing was recognized for its high architectural achievement by the award of the Harleston Parker Medal , by the Boston Society of Architects . In 2015, the museum renovated its outdoors Japanese garden , Tenshin-en. The garden, which originally opened in 1988, had been designed by Japanese professor Kinsaku Nakane. The garden's kabukimon -style entrance gate
630-635: The East Asian age reckoning (age fifteen in the Western reckoning), to Wei Zhongdao in 192 CE. Zhongdao died soon after the wedding, without any offspring. 194–195 CE brought Xiongnu nomads into the Chinese capital , and Cai Wenji was taken, along with other hostages, into the frontier. During her captivity, she became the wife of the Zuoxianwang ("Leftside Virtuous King" or "Wise King of
675-654: The Empress Dowager Wei (韋太后), who was captured along with the rest of the imperial clan and held hostage in the north. She was not released until a peace treaty was concluded between the Song dynasty and the Jurchens in 1142. Despite its allegorical development derived from Cai Wenji 's story, her image today reverberates primarily with the feeling of sorrow. Boston Museum of Fine Arts The Museum of Fine Arts (often abbreviated as MFA Boston or MFA )
720-680: The Japanese Occupation . The relics will be transferred to the Heoam Temple in Yangju , South Korea, where they are believed to have originated. The libraries at the Museum of Fine Arts consist of a main library, eight curatorial departmental libraries, and the Center for Netherlandish Art Library. Collectively they hold over 450,000 items, including 60,000 art auction catalogs, and 150,000 periodicals and ephemera. The main branch,
765-626: The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York , which published it in 1974 in the book, Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute . Chinese allegorical devices, as defined by German comparative scholar Erich Auerbach , are "something real and historical which announces something else that is also real and historical ... the relation between the two events is related by an accord or similarity". For example, there are obvious parallels between Cai Wenji 's story and that of Gaozong 's mother,
810-628: The William Morris Hunt Memorial Library, is named after the noted American artist. In 2021, the main library moved after 18 years at Horticultural Hall , two stops away on the MBTA Green Line . The new entrance for the library is on the first floor of the museum, near Sharf Information Center, in front of the Nina Saunders Suite. About one-quarter of the collection was planned to be housed on
855-637: The Boston area. The Artist and the children create a collaborative work of art inspired by the Museum's encyclopedic collection, and the completed project is exhibited in the Edward H. Linde Gallery (168) in the Linde Family Wing for Contemporary Art at the MFA. The MFA offers accessibility accommodations for visitors who may be visually, audibly, or physically impaired. Special programming and tours are available for blind, ASL -fluent, cognitively-impaired, autistic , and medically assisted guests. In
900-411: The Huntington Avenue and Fenway entrances, gardens, access roads, and interior courtyards. The wing opened on November 20, 2010, with free admission to the public. Mayor Thomas Menino declared it "Museum of Fine Arts Day", and more than 13,500 visitors attended the opening. The 12,000-square-foot (1,100 m ) glass-enclosed courtyard now features a 42.5-foot (13.0 m) high glass sculpture, titled
945-582: The Japanese cities of Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Fukuoka, and was well received. In 2023 the museum held an exhibition entitled "Hokusai: Inspiration and Influence" celebrating the origins, works, and cultural impact of Japanese artist Hokusai . In April 2024, the museum donated several 14th-century Buddhist Śarīra relics that were in its collection since 1939 to the Jogye Order as part of an agreement to repatriate artifacts taken from Korea during
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#1732766103950990-560: The Left", possibly Liu Bao ) and bore him two sons. It was not until twelve years later that Cao Cao (曹操), the Chancellor of Han , ransomed her in the name of her father, who had already died before her capture. When Cai Wenji returned to her homeland, she left her children behind in the frontier. A number of poems have been written to immortalize Cai Wenji 's life story, including her own. Liu Shang ( c. 770 CE ), wrote
1035-844: The MFA had held a special public symposium to discuss the historical background and present-day significance of the sculpture. In 2020 the MFA had planned to offer 11 annual Community Celebrations, featuring free admission for all visitors, and special events such as dance performances, music, tours, craft demonstrations, and hands-on art making. This series included day-long Martin Luther King Jr. Day , Lunar New Year , Memorial Day , Highland Street Foundation Free Fun Friday, and Indigenous Peoples' Day celebrations. In addition, on Wednesday evenings, which were already free from 4pm to 10pm, special celebrations of Nowruz , Juneteenth , Latinx Heritage Night , ASL Night, Diwali , and Hanukkah were featured. To commemorate its 150th anniversary,
1080-655: The MFA offered a free one-year family membership to anyone who attended one of its special Community Celebrations or MFA Late Nite programs during 2020. This "First Year Free Membership" program was available to anyone who had not previously been a member of the museum. The 150th year exhibitions included major shows and events featuring art by women and minority artists. The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, hosts special exhibitions consisting of items borrowed from other museums. These limited time events extend for several months and there are typically three exhibitions taking place concurrently since at least 1996. The collection topics of
1125-706: The Museum of Fine Arts is the largest in the world outside of Japan. Anne Nishimura Morse, the William and Helen Pounds Senior Curator of Japanese Art, oversees 100,000 total items that include 4,000 Japanese paintings, 5,000 ceramic pieces, and over 30,000 ukiyo-e prints. The base of this collection was assembled in the late 19th century through the efforts of four men, Ernest Fenollosa , Kakuzo Okakura , William Sturgis Bigelow , and Edward Sylvester Morse , each of whom had spent time in Japan and admired Japanese art. Their combined donations account for up to 75 percent of
1170-521: The Norma Jean Calderwood Garden Court and Terrace opened in 1997. In the mid-2000s, the museum launched a major effort to renovate and expand its facilities. In a seven-year fundraising campaign between 2001 and 2008 for a new wing, the endowment , and operating expenses, the museum managed to receive over $ 500 million, in addition to acquiring over $ 160 million worth of art. In 2007, the MFA announced its purchase of
1215-454: The agency cited growing attendance, a large endowment, and positive cash flow as reasons to believe that the museum's finances would become stable in the near future. In 2011, the museum put eight paintings by Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley, Gauguin, and others on sale at Sotheby's , bringing in a total of $ 21.6 million, to pay for Man at His Bath by Gustave Caillebotte at a cost reported to be more than $ 15 million. A renovation included
1260-560: The building is leased to nearby Northeastern University . During the Great Recession , the museum's annual budget was trimmed by $ 1.5 million. The museum increased revenues by organizing traveling exhibitions, which included a loan exhibition sent to the for-profit Bellagio in Las Vegas in exchange for $ 1 million. In 2011, Moody's Investors Service calculated that the museum had over $ 180 million in outstanding debt. However,
1305-501: The current collection. In 1890, the Museum of Fine Arts became the first museum in the United States to establish a collection and appoint a curator specifically for Japanese art. Another part of this collection is a number of Buddhist statues . In the later Meiji era of Japan, around the turn of the 20th century, government policy deemphasizing Buddhism in favor of Shintoism and financial pressures on temples resulted in
1350-416: The largest work in ceramicist Jun Nishida 's Zetsu (絶) series. Also important for this collection is the exhibition of its items in Japan. From 1999 to 2018, regular exchange of items was conducted between the Museum of Fine Arts and its sister museum, the now-closed Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts . In 2012, the traveling exhibition Japanese Masterpieces from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston visited
1395-625: The library staff in coordination with the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts have been debuted two to three times per year. The MFA also has a longstanding initiative within the Community Arts program called the Community Artist Initiative Artist Project , where the museum invites a Lead Artist to spend nine months creating works with youth from twelve after-school community organizations in
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1440-537: The local chapter of the United Auto Workers . After over 96% of the union agreed in a vote, MFA staff went on a strike for the first time on November 17, 2021. Union representatives cited unresponsive engagement from MFA management over multiple issues including stagnant wages, job security, and workplace diversity, as the reason for the strike. The union pointed out that employee wages had been frozen for two years, and that management had so far only offered
1485-626: The museum moved to its current Fenway location in 1909. It is affiliated with the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts . The Museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1870 and was initially located on the top floor of the Boston Athenæum . Most of its initial collection came from the Athenæum's Art Gallery. In 1876, the museum moved to a highly ornamented brick Gothic Revival building designed by John Hubbard Sturgis and Charles Brigham , noted for its massed architectural terracotta . It
1530-584: The new Art of the Americas Wing, featuring artwork from North, South, and Central America. In 2006, the groundbreaking ceremonies took place. The new wing and adjoining Ruth and Carl J. Shapiro Family Courtyard (a bright, cavernous interior space) were designed in a restrained, contemporary style by the London-based architectural firm Foster and Partners , under the directorship of Thomas T. Difraia and Childs Bertman Tseckares Architects (CBT) . The landscape architecture firm Gustafson Guthrie Nichol redesigned
1575-400: The noted artist John Singer Sargent painted the frescoes that adorn the rotunda and the associated colonnades . The Decorative Arts Wing was built in 1928, and expanded in 1968. An addition designed by Hugh Stubbins and Associates was built in 1966–1970, and another expansion by The Architects Collaborative opened in 1976. The West Wing, now the Linde Family Wing for Contemporary Art,
1620-608: The opening of the traveling exhibition of an official portrait of former US president Barack Obama by Kehinde Wiley and the accompanying portrait of Michelle Obama by Amy Sherald , both on loan from the National Portrait Gallery in Washington DC. In November 2020 a significant number of MFA employees voted to unionize due to a long history of unaddressed issues related to workplace conditions and compensation inequities. The workers unionized with
1665-534: The special exhibits are divided into 13 categories: Africa and Oceania; Americas; Ancient Egypt, Nubia and the near East; Ancient Greece and Rome; Asia; Contemporary Art ; Europe; Jewelry; Judaica; Musical Instruments; Photography; Prints and Drawings; and Textile and Fashion Arts. Most special exhibitions take place at the following galleries: Edward and Nancy Roberts Family Gallery, Linde Family Wing for Contemporary Art, Ann and Graham Gund Gallery, Edward H. Linde Gallery. The exhibitions are usually open to public with
1710-524: The spring of 2019 it installed new signage for its restrooms , in an effort towards "restroom accessibility for people of all genders and abilities." The MFA publicly apologized in May 2019 after African-American and mixed-race 12- and 13-year-old visitors were allegedly targeted by employees and told "No food, no drink, and no watermelon", which is considered a racial slur in the US. A museum spokesperson said that
1755-491: The third floor of the museum, along with the book conservation facilities, with the remainder stored off-site. The main library had been open to the public, and the catalog could be searched online through the Fenway Libraries Online (FLO). It is open to researchers for two three-hour sessions per week, but only by appointment requested two weeks in advance, and subject to approval. Exhibitions organized by
1800-449: The title 18 Songs . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=18_Songs&oldid=614592080 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Eighteen Songs of
1845-489: The warning was actually "no water bottles", but conceded that there was no way of definitively proving what was actually said. Regardless, all museum staff dealing with school groups were to be retrained in interactions with their guests. The MFA also concluded that two of its members had been deliberately racist, and permanently banned them from visiting its grounds. In 2019 the MFA debuted its newly renamed "Indigenous Peoples' Day" (formerly Columbus Day ) celebrations, with
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1890-543: Was built by Chris Hall of Massachusetts, using traditional Japanese carpentry techniques. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic , the museum was closed from March 12, 2020, through September 25, 2020. To recover from the drop in attendance caused by the pandemic, a new logo and branding campaign were announced in September 2022, along with renewed community outreach efforts. These changes were announced in tandem with
1935-606: Was designed by I. M. Pei and opened in 1981. This wing now houses the museum's cafe, restaurant, meeting rooms, classrooms, and a giftshop/bookstore, as well as large exhibition spaces. In 1978, the Asiatic Wing was closed because the lack of climate control was jeopardizing the collection. A new control system was contingent upon the completion of the West Wing, and the Asiatic Wing reopened in 1982. The Tenshin-En Japanese Garden designed by Kinsaku Nakane opened in 1988, and
1980-546: Was located in Copley Square at Dartmouth and St. James Streets. It was built almost entirely of brick and terracotta, which was imported from England, with some stone about its base. After the MFA moved out in 1909, this original building was demolished, and the Copley Plaza Hotel (now the Fairmont Copley Plaza ) replaced it in 1912. During the early years of the museum, Charles Greely Loring ,
2025-491: Was obtained for each phase. Two years later, the first section of Lowell's neoclassical design was completed. It featured a 500-foot (150 m) façade of granite and a grand rotunda . The museum moved to its new location in 1909. The second phase of construction built a wing along The Fens to house painting galleries. It was funded entirely by Maria Antoinette Evans Hunt, the wife of wealthy business magnate Robert Dawson Evans, and opened in 1915. From 1916 through 1925,
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